Steel Design Lim Somreth

KINGDOM OF CAMBODIA
NATION RELIGION KING
NORTON UNIVERSITY
Faculty of science
STRUCTURAL DESIGN
COURSE
Steel Structural Design
YEAR: 2021
STRUCTURAL STEEL DESIGN
CHAPTER-01: INTRODUCTION TO STEEL STRUCTURE

MODULE LEADER: DR. LIM SAMRETH, PE (CIVIL ENG.)
STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING COURSE
COURSE: STRUCTURAL STEEL DESIGN
1
Contents
S01. Introduction to steel structure
S02. Wind load
S03. Load on structure
S04. Tension Members
S05. Compression member
S06. Beam Laterally supported
S07. Welding
Structural Engineering
1
2
Contents
S08. Fastener
S09. Lateral-torsional buckling
S10. Combined bending and axial load
S11. Composite Construction
3
Stress-strain diagram of High Strength Steel
2
4
Tensile test result for Low-Carbon Steel
5
Stress-strain diagram of mild steel
3
6
Type of elements in truss
Truss element can be :

1. Tension Member
2. Compression Member
7
Type of elements
1. Element AB & BC are beam element

2. Element EA & CF are Beam-Column element
3. Element DB is Column
4
8
AISC Specification
ASTM A36: Carbon structural steel
ASTM A529:High-strength, carbon-manganese structural steel
ASTM A572: High-strength, low-alloy structural steel
ASTM A242: Corrosion-resistant, high-strength, low-alloy structural steel
ASTM A588: Corrosion-resistant, high strength, low-alloy structural steel
ASTM A852: Quenched and tempered low-alloy structural plate
ASTM A514: High-strength, quenched and tempered alloy structural steel plate
9
AISC Specification
5
10
AISC Specification
11
Hot rolled section
6
12
Hot rolled section
13
Hot rolled section
7
14
Built-up section
15
Cold form section
8
16
UNIT CONVERSION
in = inch lbm = pound mass
ft = foot lbf = pound force
yd =yard kip = kilopound
mi = mile
pcf = pound per cube foot
psi = pound per sqaure inch
psf = pound per sqaure foot
ksi = kilopound per square inch
17
UNIT CONVERSION
Length
1 in = 25.4mm 1mm = 0.039in
1 ft = 0.305m 1m = 3.281ft
1yd = 0.914m 1m = 1.094yd
1mi = 1.609km 1km = 0.621mi
Area
1In2 = 6.452cm2
9
18
Reference Books
William T.Segui.(2013). Steel Design Fifth Edition, United State of America,

Cengage Learning.
Abi Aghayere. (2009). Structural Steel Design, United State of America,
Pearson Education Limited.
Charles, Jonh. E, Faris ( 2009). Steel Structure Fifth Edition, Americas New
York, Pearson Education Limited.
Jack C. McCormac(2010). Structural Steel Design Fifth Edition, Americas New
York, Pearson Education Limited .
AISC-American Institute of Steel Construction, Thirteenth Edition
10
CHAPTER-02: WIND LOAD DESIGN

2
WIND HAZARD
• Buildings and structures shall be designed and
constructed to resist the forces due to wind
pressure.
• The forces exerted by the wind are the result of a
combination of factors such as:
 Wind speed
 Exposure factor
 Aerodynamic shape of the structure
 Dynamic response factor
• All structural systems shall be designed and
constructed to transfer wind forces to the ground .
1
3
Design Wind Loads
For rigid buildings of all height
P=qGCp – qi(GCpi)
Where q=qz for windward walls evaluated at height Z above the ground.
q=qh for leeward walls, side walls and roofs, evaluated at height h.
qi =qh for windward walls, side walls, leeward walls, and roofs of enclosed
buildings and for negative internal pressure evaluation in partially enclosed buildings.
qi =qz for positive internal pressure evaluation in partially of the highest
opening in the building that could affect the positive internal pressure.
G = gust effect factor
Cp = external pressure coefficient
GCpi =internal pressure coefficient
4
Design Wind Loads
2
5
Enclosure Classifications
• A building is to be classified as one of the following:
 Open: Ao > 0.8Ag for each wall
 Partially Enclosed: Ao > 1.10 Aoi, and
Ao > min[0.37m² , 0.01Ag], and
Aoi/Agi < 0.20
 Enclosed: A building that is neither open nor partially
enclosed
6
Velocity pressure
Velocity pressure, qz evaluated at height z shall be calculated
by the following equation:
q=0.613KzKztKdV2 (N/m2)
Where V = wind speed (m/s)

Kd = wind directionality factor
Kz = Velocity pressure exposure coefficient
Kzt = topographic factor
3
7
Wind directionality factor Kd
This factor shall only
be applied when used in
conjunction with specific
load combinations otherwise
it should be taken as equal
to unity.
8
MWFRS AND C&C
 MWFRS (Main Wind Force Resisting System): An assemblage of
structural elements assigned to provide support and stability for the
overall structure. The system generally receives wind loading from
more than one surface.
 C&C (Components and Cladding): Elements of the building envelope

that do not qualify as part of the MWFRS. Example of components are
fasteners, studs, purlins, and girts and examples of cladding are wall
and roof coverings, curtain, walls and overhead door.
4
9
MWFRS AND C&C
10
Velocity pressure exposure coefficient Kz (cont.)
The velocity pressure exposure coefficient Kz may be determined from the
following formula:
For 4.5m ≤ z ≤ zg : Kz = 2.01 (z/zg)2/
For z < 4.5m : Kz = 2.01 (4.5/zg)2/
Note : z shall not be taken less than 9m for case 1 in exposure B.
5
11
Velocity pressure exposure coefficient Kz (cont.)
12
Topographic Factor Kzt
6
13
Topographic Factor Kzt
Kzt shall be
taken to be
equal to 1 for
building that
is not subject
to topographic
effects.
14
Gust Effect Factor G
For rigid structures, the gust effect
factor shall be taken as 0.85.
7
15
External Coefficient Factor Cp
16
Wall Pressure Coefficient, Cp
8
17
Roof Pressure coefficients, Cp , for use with qh
18
Internal Pressure Coefficient
9
CHAPTER-03: LOAD ON STRUCTURE

1
បនទក
ុ ( LOAD)
• bnÞúkefr (dead Load)
bnÞúkpÞal; (self-weight)
Tm¶n;rbs; nonstructural component dUcCa floor covering, partition nig
suspended ceilings
• bnÞúkGefrrYmman eRKOgsgðarwm smÖar³ Tm¶n;rbs;mnusSEdlrs;enAelI GKar.
• bnÞúkxül; bnÞúkrBa¢ÜydI
1
2
បនទក
ុ ( LOAD)
បនទកអេថរដំ
ុ បូល
• I.S 875 specifies the following live loads to be assumed
in the analysis of an industrial building.
Roof Slope Access Live Load
≤10o Provided 1.5kN/m² of plan area
Not Provided 0.75kN/m² of plan area
>10o 0.75kN/m²
+ reduced by 10N/m² for every degree
increased up to and including 20o ,
+ reduced by 20N/m² for each one degree
increase above 20o .
+ ≮0.4kN/m²
3
បនទក
ុ ( LOAD)
បនទកមនអំ
ុ េពើេលើប្លង់េស
 kN 
បនទុកមនអំេពេី លបី ្លង់េសជបនទុកព្រងយេលៃី ផទ  2 
m 
• បនទុកេថរ
 kN 
 ករូ៖៉ ក្រមស់ m ×ទមងន់មឌករូ ៉  3 
m 
 kN 
 បយអរ៖ ក្រមស់m ×ទមងន់មឌបយអរ  3 
m 
 kN 
 បនទុកផទល់៖ ក្រមស់ m ×ទមងន់មឌេបតុង 3 
m 
2
4
បនទក
ុ ( LOAD)
• បនទកប្ល
ុ ង់េសមនអំេពើេលើធនឹម
បនទុកប្លង់េសមនអំេពីេលីធនឹម ្រស័យនឹងករេធ្វីករប្លង់េស
ប្លង់េសេធ្វីករពីរទិស
b
2
a
b
ប្លង់េសេធ្វីករមួយទិស 2
a
5
បនទក
ុ ( LOAD)
ប្លង់េសមួយទិស
3
6
បនទក
ុ ( LOAD)
ប្លង់េសពីរទិស
7
បនទក
ុ ( LOAD)
បនទុកប្លង់េសមនអំេពើេលើសសរ
• C1=w×L/2×S/2
• C2=w×L/2×S
• C3=w×L×S/2
• C4=W×L×S
ែដល ៖
W បនទុកមនអំេពីេលីប្លង់េស
L ្រជុងែវងរបស់ប្លង់េស
S ្រជុងខ្លីរបស់ប្លង់េស
4
9
បន ំបនទក
ុ ( LOAD COMBINATION)
 Ultimate limit state ( ULS )  Service limit state ( SLS ) Or
Or Strength design Stress design
Where :
D = dead load
W = wind load
E = earthquake load
R = rain load
L = live load
S = snow load
Lr = roof live load
5
CHAPTER-04: TENSION MEMBER

១. លទធភពៃនមុខកត់រងទំនញ (Capacity of Tension Member )
ភពខុសគនៃនករវិភគ និងករគណនមុខកត់៖
 ករវ ិភគ (Analysis)

ជដំេណីរករគណនលទធភពរបស់អងកត់េ យ គ ល់មុខកត់របស់អងកត់។
 ករគណនមុខកត់ (Design)
ជដំេណីរករគណនមុខកត់អងកត់េដម
ី បទ
ី ប់ទល់នឹងបនទុកែដលមនអំេពីេលី
អងកត់។
1
2
 Gross area មុខកត់ដុល

Ag  200  12.7
 Net Area មុខកត់សុទធ

An  Ag  Aholes
An  ( 200  2  22)  12.7
អងកតផ
់ ត
ចិ ្របេ ង (Hole diameter)
2
4
 េគេ្របី standard holes ស្រមប់ករតភជប់រ ងអងកត់ នង

ិ អងកត។
់ េគ ចេ្រប្រី ទនប់ែដកក្រមស់រហូតដល់
6mmស្រមប់ slip-critical connection េ យគមនករកត់បនថយេរសុស
ី ង ់ ម្លង
្ត ក ំ កត់ទទង
ឹ របស់េ្រគឿងភជប់។
 េគអនុញញតឲយេ្របី oversized holes ស្រមប់ slip-critical connection ប៉ុែន្តេគមន
ិ អនុញញតឲយេ្របស
ី ្រមប់
bearing-type connection។ េគ្រតូវេ្រប្រី ទនប់កស (រង)។
៉
 េគអនុញញតឲយេ្របី short-slotted holes ស្រមប់ slip-critical connection ឬ bearing-type connection។
ស្រមប់ slip-critical connection ្រជុងែវងរបស់្របេ ងមន
ិ ទក់ទងនង
ឹ ទស
ិ ៃនកម្ល ំងេទ ប៉ុែន្តស្រមប់
bearing-type connection ទស
ិ ៃនកម្ល ំង្រតូវែតែកងនង
ឹ ្រជុងែវង។
 េគអនុញញតឲយេ្របី long-slotted holes ែតចំស្រមប់ slip-critical connection ឬ bearing-type
connection។ ស្រមប់ slip-critical connection ្រជុងែវងរបស់្របេ ងមន
ិ ទក់ទងនង
ឹ ទស
ិ ៃនកម្លង
ំ េទ
ប៉ុែន្តស្រមប់ bearing-type connection ទស
ិ ៃនកម្លង
ំ ្រតូវែតែកងនង
ឹ ្រជុងែវង។

េរសុស
ី ង ់ ណនរបស់អងកតរ់ ងករទញ
្ត គ
 កំណត់ មពរី ថ នភព៖
 Yielding :
where
t Pn  t Fy Ag • Ae effective net area,mm2
• Ag gross area of member,
With t  0 .9 mm2
 Fracture : • Fy specified minimum yield
t Pn  t Fu Ae strength, MPa
• Fu specified minimum
With t  0.75 tensile strength, MPa
3
6
 Shear lag ជបតុភូតែដលេកត

ី េឡង
ី េនេពលែដលមុខកត់រងកុង្រ ង
ំ មន
ិ េសម។
ី ជក ្ត
ែដលសំខន់ជងេគែដលនំឲយមនករកត់បនថយ្របសទ
ិ ភ
ធ ពរបស់របរ។
 ្រក ៃផទមុខកត់សុទ្រធ បសទ

ិ ភ
ធ ព (Net Effective Area)
– តំណប៊ូឡុង Ae  UAn
– តំណផ រ Ae  UAg

 េមគុណកត់បនថយ្របសទ
ិ ភ
ធ ព (reduction factor)
x
U  1  0.9
L
4
8

 គណនេមគុណ្របសទ
ិ ភ
ធ ព ម commentary
 តំណប៊ូឡុង
2
W, M, S Edlman ¬nig T Edlkat;ecjBImuxkat;TaMgbI¦
bf

d 3
ehIyP¢ab;enAnwgsøabCamYynwg fastener y:agticbIkúñgmYyCYrtamTis
edAbnÞúkeFVIGMeBI U  0.9
muxkat;epSgeTot ¬rYmTaMgmuxkat; built-up¦ CamYynwg fastener
y:agticbIkúñgmYyCYr U  0.85
sRmab;RKb;Ggát;TaMgGs; CamYynwg fastener y:agticBIrkúñgmYyCYr U  0.75

ិ ភ
5
10

ិ ភ
 tMNpSar
bf 2
• W, M, S Edlman  ¬nig T Edlkat;ecjBImuxkat;TaMgbI¦
d 3
ehIyP¢ab;eTAnwgsøab U  0.9
• sRmab;RKb;muxkat;epSgeTot U  0.85
11

ិ ភ
• ករណីពេិ សសស្រមប់ករតេ យករផ រ
U 1 sRmab; l  2w
U  0.87 sRmab; 1.5w  l  2w

U  0.75 sRmab; w  l  1.5w
6
12

ិ ភ
• ស្រមប់អងកតែ់ ដលផ រែត transverse weld
Ae  RkLaépÞmuxkat;énEpñkEdlpSar (Area of the connected element of the cross section)
13

 អងកតម
់ នែខ រេខច (Threaded rods and Cables)
Nominal strength of threaded rods Pn  As Fu  0.75 Ab Fu
7
14
២. ឥទធិពលករតេ្រមៀបប៊ូឡងឆ
ុ ្ល ស់ និង Block Shear
 Staggered Pattern and Block Shear
 edIm,ITTYl)an net area Gtibrma eKRtUvdak;eRKOgP¢ab; (fastener) EtmYyCYr.
 ebImindUecñaHeT eKRtUvteRmobeRKOgP¢ab;Ebbqøas; (staggered pattern)
edIm,ITTYl)an net area FM
 TTwgsuT§
wn  wg   d   d '
s2
d'
4g
s2
wn  wg   d  
4g
15
 sRmab;EdkEkg eKRtUvBnøat Camuxkat;ctuekaN
g  75  50  12  113mm
8
16
 Block Shear
• មុខកត់ ab រងកុង្រ ង
ំ កត់ទទង
ឹ
• មុខកត់ bc រងកុង្រ ង
ំ ទញ
• កុង្រ ង
ំ កត់ =60% កុង្រ ង
ំ ទញ
• ស្រមប់កម្ល ំងកត់ yield នង
ិ កម្លង
ំ ទញ fracture េរសុស
ី ង ់ ណនគឺ
្ត គ
Rn  0.6 Fu Anv  U bs Fu Ant  0.6 Fy Agv  U bs Fu Ant
• Block shear resistant គឺ Rn ែដល   0.75

U bs  1 Uniform tension stress
U bs  0.5 Nonuniform tension stress
17
៣.គណនមុខកត់រងទំនញ
 Yielding limit state
Pu
Ag 
0.90 Fy
 Fracture limit state
Pu
Ae 
0.75 Fu
 Slenderness ratio is satisfied if
L
 300
r
9
18
៣.គណនមុខកត់រងទំនញ
Ggát;tP¢ab;edayknøas; ( Pin connection ) RtUvKNnasRmab;sßanPaBkMNt;
dUcxageRkam³
 kugRtaMgTajenAelI net effective area
Pn  2t.beff .Fu   0.75

beff  2t  16  b
 kugRtaMgkmøaMgkat;enAelI net effective area
Pn  0.6 Asf Fu sf  0.75
Asf  2t a  d / 2 
 kugRtaMg bearing
Pn  1.8 Fy A pb , Apb  d .t ,   0.75 Structural Engineering
10
CHAPTER-05 COMPRESSION MEMBER

១. លទធភពៃនមុខកត់រងសងកត់ (Capacity of Compression Member )
Long Column
Critical buckling stress Fcr 

 2E
KL / r 2
 2 EI
Critical buckling load Pcr  Ag  Fcr 
(KL) 2
Short Column
Critical stress = Yield stress Fy
Critical load P  Ag  Fy
1
2
Fpl  Fcr  Fy
 2 Et I
Pcr 
(KL) 2
Et  E
2
4
RbEvgRbsiT§PaB
eFobG½kSexSay
eFobG½kSxøaMg
enAeBl K L / r  K L / r
x x y y
ssrnwgekageFobG½kS x
3
6
RbEvgRbsiT§PaB
emKuNRbEvgRbsiT§PaB K sRmab;ssr
éneRKagGaRs½ypleFobrbs; column stiffness elI girder
stiffness enAxag cugrbs;Ggát;nImYy².
G
 Ec I c / Lc   I c / Lc
 E g I g / Lg  I g / Lg
sRmab;TRmbgáb; (fix) G  1.0
sRmab;TRmsnøak; (pin) G  10.0

emKuNRbEvgRbsiT§PaB K
4
9

10

5
11

កំណត់តៃម្លេមគុណ្របែវង្របសិទធភព មរ ូបមន្ត
 េ្រគងអត់េយល (Non-sway frame)

     
2   2  tan 
  G A  GB   2K   1
1 K  
G AGB
  
4 K 2    
 tan  
  K  K
 េ្រគងេយល (Sway frame)
2
  
G AGB    36
K  K
6G A  GB   
tan 
K
12
Pu  c Pn
លទធភពៃនមុខកត់
Pn  Ag Fcr
c  0.90
Euler stress
 2E
Fe 
KL r  2
KL / r  200 slenderness ratio

6
13

• Compact
 Section Develops its full plastic stress before buckling
(failure is due to yielding only)
• Noncompact
 Yield stress is reached in some but not all of its compression
elements before buckling takes place
(failure is due to partial buckling partial yielding)
• Slender
 Yield stress is never reached in any of the compression
elements (failure is due to local buckling only)
14
eKcat;cMNat;rUbragrbs;muxkat;Ca Compact Noncompact or Slender

GaRs½yeTAtamtémørbs;pleFobTTwgelIkRmas; ( Width-Thickness ratio)
b f / t f b¤ h / t w.

  p ehIysøabP¢ab;eTAnwgRTnugKμandac; enaHrUbragmanlkçN³ compact
  p    r rUbragmanlkçN³ noncompact
   r rUbragmanlkçN³ slender
FatuBIrRbePTEdleKRtUvBicarNaKW
• unstiffened element
• stiffened element
7
15
16

 Rbsineb KL
r
 4.71
E
Fy
or
Fy
Fe
 2.25
 Fy

Fcr   0.658 Fe  Fy
 
 RbsinebI KL
r
 4.71
E
Fy
or
Fy
Fe
 2.25
Fcr  0.877 Fe
8
17

Local Stability Q is reduction factor
Where Q = Qa.Qs
 Rbsineb KL
r
 4.71
E
QFy
or
QFy
Fe
 2.25 Qs = 1 if unstiffened
element has no slender
Qa = 1 if stiffened
 Fy

Fcr  Q 0.658 Fe  Fy element has no slender
  Ae
Otherwise, Qa 
Ag
 RbsinebI KLr  4.71 QFE y
or QFy
Fe
 2.25 Ae  Ag  2b  be t For HSS
E  0.38 E 
be  1.92t 1 b
Fcr  0.877 Fe Fy 

b
t
Fy 

18
២. គណនមុខកត់អងកត់រងករសងកត់ (Design of Compression Member)
sikSaKNnamuxkat;
 snμttémøsRmab; critical buckling stress Fcr  Fy
 BItRmUvkarKW c Pn  Pu / yk
P
c Ag Fcr  Pu enaH Ag  u
c Fcr
 eRCIserIsrUbragEdlRtUvKñanwgRkLaépÞcaM)ac;.
 KNna Fcr nig c Pn sRmab;rUbragsakl,g.
 RbsinebI Fcr tUcCag Fcr snμt eKRtUvsnμtyk Fcr fμI ehIyKNnaeLIgvij .
 RtYtBinitü local stability ¬RtYtBinitü width-thickness
ratio).
9
CHAPTER-06: BEAM LATERALLY SUPPORTED

1
INTRODUCTION
1
2
INTRODUCTION
3
INTRODUCTION
2
4
BENDING STRESS AND THE PLASTIC MOMENT
5
3
6
7
STABILITY
4
8
STABILITY
9
CLASSIFICATION OF SHAPES
AISC classifies cross-sectional shapes as compact, non-compact, or slender,
depending on the values of the width-to-thickness ratios. For I shapes, the ratio for the
projecting flange (an unstiffened element) is bf/2tf, and the ratio for the web (a stiffened
element) is h/tw.
5
9
10
6
11
Bending Strength of Compact Shapes
Laterally supported compact beam Lb  L p (yielding)
M n  M p  1.5M y
M p  Fy .Z , M y  Fy .S
Z
where,  1.5
S
12
Bending Strength of Non-Compact Shapes
  p minman FLB (Flange yielding)
Flange Local Buckling

   p 
 p    r 
Mn  M p  M p  Mr 
 r   p
Mp

 
  p minman WLB (Web yielding)

Web Local Buckling
   p 
 p    r 
Mn  M p  M p  Mr 
 r   p
Mp

 
Note,M r  0.7 Fy S x
7
13
Shear Strength of beam
From elementary mechanics of materials, the

shearing stress is
Taking the shear yield stress as 60% of the tensile yield

stress, we can write the equation for the stress in the
web at failure as
14
The nominal strength corresponding to this limit state is
Vn will be the nominal strength in shear provided that there is no shear buckling of
the web. If this width-to-thickness ratio is too large—that is, if the web is too slender—the
web can buckle in shear, either inelastically or elastically.
8
15
16
The basic strength equation is
9
17
18
h
For unstiffened webs with  260
tw Structural Engineering
10
19
Deflection of beam
Deflection is a serviceability limit state, not one of strength, so deflections should always be
computed with service loads.
For the common case of a simply supported, uniformly loaded beam such as that
in Figure, the maximum vertical deflection is
20
Deflection of beam
The appropriate limit for the maximum deflection depends on
the function of the beam and the likelihood of damage resulting
from the deflection.
11
CHAPTER-07 WELDED CONNECTION

តំណផ រ(Welded Connections )
The type of joint are five basic type

of welded joints:
a. Butt joint
b. Lap joint
c. Tee joint
d. Corner joint
e. Edge joint
1
2
 តំណផ រ (Welded connection)
មនេ្រចន
ី ្របេភទដូចជ : Fillet,
Groove, Slot & Plug welds. េហយ

ី
េគនិយមេ្របីករផ រពីរ្របេភទគឺ
Groove welds នង
ិ Fillet welds

 GROOVE WELDS
2
4

 FILLET WELDS

 WELDING POSITIONS
3
6

 Minimum size of fillet welds

 Maximum effective fillet weld size  Minimum length of weld
Lmin  4a and , L  W
 Maximum length of weld
L.max   L
 Minimum end returns of weld
L is actual length of weld
Lend , returns  2a
min1.2  0.002 
L 
  1.0
 a  
4
9

 Effective areas of welds of fillet welds
- kugRtaMgkmøaMgkat;
P
fv 
0.707  w  L
10

Design strength rbs;TwkbnSarKW
Rn  te  L  FW , te  0.707 w
FW : Ca weld ultimate shearing stress and FW  0.60 FEXX
- sRmab; grade rbs;EdkEdleRbIR)as;TUeTA eKBicarNaEt electrode BIrRbePTb:ueNÑaHKW³
eRbI E70 XX CamYynwgEdkEdlman F  420MPa y
eRbI E80 XX CamYynwgEdkEdlman F  420MPa y
 For E 70 XX : FW  0.750.60480   215MPa

 For E80 XX : FW  0.750.60550  250MPa
5
11

SIMPLE CONNECTION OF WELDS
 Weld strength
 Nominal strength of fillet weld parallel to direction load
Rnw    te  L  (0.6 FEXX ) ,   0.75

 Nominal strength of fillet weld depend to direction load
Rnw    te  L  0.6 FEXX 1  0.5 sin( )1.5  ,   0.75
12

 Base metal strength
 Nominal shear strength of base metal
 
Rnb  min1.0  t  L  (0.6Fy ) , 0.75 t  L  (0.6Fu )
 
where te = effective throat dimension
t = thickness of base material
L = length of weld
FEXX = tensile strength of electrode material
Fy = yielding strength of base metal
Fu = tensile strength of base

6
13

 Symbol of weld
14

ECCENTRIC WELDED CONNECTIONS : SHEAR ONLY
 Types of eccentric loading  Stresses on a homogeneous sections
• Stress due to direction shear

P
f
A
• Stress due to torsional moment

T r
f
Ip
Where : r = radial distance from the centroid to point stress

I p = polar moment of inertia
7
15

 Elastic Analysis
• The components of stress caused
by direction shear are :
Px Py
f x  and f y 
A A
• The components of stress caused
by torsional moments are :
T  y ( Px e y  Py ex ) y
f x  
Ip IP
• The resultant of shearing stress
T  x ( Px e y  Py ex ) x
f y  
fv  f x
'
 
2
 f x''  f y'  f y'' 
2 Ip IP
where I p  Ix  Iy
16

 Example 01 , Find w & t ?
8
17

ECCENTRIC WELDED CONNECTIONS : SHEAR PLUS TENSION
 The shearing stress :
P
fv 
A
M  Pe
 The maximum tensile stress
from the flexural moment :
M c
ft 
I
 The maximum resultant stress I = the moment of inertia about the centroid axis
of two components : of the area consisting
fr  ( fv )2  ( ft )2
18

 Example 01 , Find w & t ?
9
CHAPTER-08 FASTENER CONNECTION

តំណប៊ូឡង
ុ (fastener Connections )
The fasteners have two types :

a. Rivets b. Bolts
1
2
 Type of rivets
 Type of bolts
 Type of bolt connection The bolts connection have two types :
1. Normal strength bolts
2. High strength bolts
2
4
 FAILUR MODE

 FAILUR MODE
3
6
SIMPLE CONNECTION OF FASTENERS
 SHEAR STRENGTH OF FASTENERS
The design shear strength of LRFD, divide two parts.
1. Shear strength is considered on non threads(shank) in shear planes.
2. Shear strength is considered on threads in shear planes.
• NON-THREADS IN SHEAR PLANES
Nominal shear strength in shank area
Rn  Fv Ab ,   0.75

Fv  0.5 Fub ultimate shearing stress
Ab  RkLaépÞmuxkat;rbs;EpñkEdlKμaneFμjrbs;b‘ULúg ¬EdleKsÁal; Ca nominal bolt area b¤
nominal body area¦ Structural Engineering
 THREADS IN SHEAR PLANES
Nominal shear strength in thread area
Rn  Fv Ab ,   0.75

Fv  0.4 Fub ultimate shearing stress

nominal body area¦
 SHEAR PLANES
1. Single shear
2. Double shear
4
8
 TENSILE STRENGTH OF FASTENERS
Nominal tensile strength of fasteners
Rnt  Fub (0.75 Ab ) ,   0.75
Fub  ultimate tensile stregnth

nominal body area¦
 Bearing Strength
Failure load enAelIépÞmYyénépÞTaMgBIresμInwg shear fracture stress KuNnwgRkLaépÞkat;
Rn
 0.6 Fu Lc t
2
Rn  20.6 Fu Lc t   1.2 Fu Lc t
EdnkMNt;x<s;bMputrbs; bearing load
Rn  C  Fu  bearing area  CFu dt
Rn  1.2 Lc tFu  2.4dtFu

5
10
• RbsinebI Lc  2d eRbI Rn  1.2 Fu Lc t
• RbsinebI Lc  2d eRbI Rn  2.4 Fu dt

• emKuNersIusþg;   0.75
Spacing and Edge-Distance Requirments
s  2 23 d ¬CakareBjniym 3d ¦
Le  témøBI AISC Table J3.4
11
 AISC Table J3.4
6
12
 Maximum spacing and edge distance
Le  min(12t ,15cm)
cMeBaHEpñkP¢ab;EdllabfñaM b¤minRbQmnwgERcHsIuEdk
S  min( 24 t thinner ,30 cm )
cMeBaHEpñkP¢ab;EdlRbQmnwgERcHsIuEdk
S  min( 12 t thinner ,18 cm )

13
ុ (Fastener Connections )
 Eccentric Bolted Connections: Shear Plus Tension
7
14
15
8
16
 Example
17
 ECCENTRIC BOLTED CONNECTIONS : SHEAR ONLY
9
18
 Elastic Analysis
P
Share of the load for each bolt : pc 
n
Md
Shearing stress of each bolt : fv 
J
Md
fv  , J  A d 2
A d 2
Shear force in each fastener caused by

the couple
Md Md
Pm  Af v  A 
A d 2 d2
19
P Py
pcx  x & pcy 
n n

 d 2   x2  y2 
y y Md y Md My
p mx 
d
pm 
d d 2

2
d x y 2


 x  y2
2
  
Mx
&  pmy 

 x2  y2 
 p x  pcx  p mx  p y  pcy  p my
p  p x 2   p y 2
10
20
 Example
11
CHAPTER-09: LATERAL TORSIONAL BUCKLING BEAM

1
Introduction
1
2
Introduction
 Lateral support
3
Capacity of lateral torsional buckling beam
lMnwg (Stability)
- FñwmGacrkSalMnwgrbs;va)anrhUtdl;lkçxNÐ)aøsÞiceBjelj (yielding)
Mn  M p
- FñwmGacKμanlMnwgedaylkçN³srub b¤
edaylkçN³tMbn;.
• Lateral-torsional buckling (LTB)
• Flange local buckling (FLB)
• Web local buckling (WLB)
2
4
FñwmGac)ak;edaysar
- vargm:Um:g; M p (yielding)
- eday elastically b¤ inelastically

lateral-torsional buckling (LTB),
- flange local buckling (FLB), eday elastically b¤ inelastically
- web local buckling (WLB), eday elastically b¤ inelastically
Cakar)ak;EdlkugRtaMgBt;Gtibrma (maximum bending stress)

Elastic failure
tUcCagEdnsmamaRt (proportional limit) enAeBlEdlekItman buckling.

5
 Bending Strength of Compact Shapes
Strength moment rbs; compact shape CaGnuKmn_nwg unbraced length ( L )

b
3
6
Lr 
ry X 1
Fy  Fr  
1  1  X 2 Fy  Fr 2 
 EGJA
X1 
Sx 2
2
4C w  S x 
X2   
I y  GJ 
E
L p  1.76ry
Fy
7
 Laterally supported compact beam Lb  L p (yielding)
Z
M n  M p  1.5M y ,  1 .5
S
 Inelastic lateral-torsional buckling strength L p  Lb  Lr
  Lb  L p 

M n  Cb  M p  M p  M r 
 Lr  L p
  M p

, M r  0.7 Fy S x
  
 Elastic lateral-torsional buckling strength L  L
b r
2
  E 
M n  M cr  M p M cr  Cb EI y GJ    I y Cw
Lb  Lb 
Cb S x X 1 2 X 12 X 2
M cr  1
2Lb / ry 
2
Lb / ry
4
8
12.5M max
Cb 
2.5M max  3M A  4M B  3M C
9
Bending Strength of Noncompact Shapes
Flange Local
  p minman FLB (Flange yielding)
Buckling    p 
 p    r 
Mn  M p  M p  Mr  
 r   p
Mp

 
Web Local   p minman WLB (Web yielding)

Buckling    p 
 p    r 
Mn  M p  M p  Mr 
 r   p
 Mp

 
Lb  L p minman LTB (yielding)

Lateral-torsional   Lb  L p 
buckling
L p  Lb  L r M n  C b  M p  M p  M r 
L L
  M
 p
  r p 
2
Lb  L r M n  Cb
  E
EI y GJ  

 I y C w  M p
Lb  Lb 
5
10
11
6
12
13
Biaxial Bending ( Purlin Design )
For design of purlin :
M ux M uy
  1 .0
b M nx b M ny
Where :
M nx  Fy Z x  1.5S x Fy
M ny  Fy Z y  1.5S y Fy
7
CHAPTER-10 COMBINED BENDING AND AXIAL LOAD (BEAM COLUMN)

១. Frame Member
 Beam-column
1
2
២. ម៉ូម៉ង់បែនថម (Moment Magnification )

eRKagBRgwg nigeRKagGt;BRgwg (Braced versus Unbraced Frame)
M u  B1 M nt  B 2 M lt
Mu  ម៉ូមង
៉ ប
់ ែនថម
B1  េមគុណម៉ូមង
៉ ប
់ ែនថមស្រមប់មូម
៉ ង
៉ ែ់ ដល
B2  បនពី non-sidesway
េមគុណម៉ូមង
៉ ប
់ ែនថមស្រមប់មូម
៉ ង
៉ ែ់ ដល
M nt  បនពី sidesway
ម៉ូមង
៉ អ
់ តិបរមែដលសនមតមន
ិ មន
M lt  sidesway (េ្រគងព្រងឹង ឬមន
ិ ព្រងឹង)
ម៉ូមង
៉ អ
់ តប
ិ រមែដលសនមតមន sidesway
២. ម៉ូម៉ង់បែនថម (Moment Magnification )
2
4
២. Moment Magnification (Non-Sway)

ម៉ូម៉ង់បែនថម (Moment Amplification)
 1 
M  Mo 
 1  Pu / Pe  
max
េមគុណម៉ូម៉ង់បែនថម (moment amplification factor) គឺ
1
1  Pu / Pe 
 2 EI
ែដល Pe 
( KL ) 2

អងកតេ់ នកនុងេ្រគងែដលព្រងង
ឹ (Members in Braced Frames)
Cm
B1  1
1  Pu / Pe 
Ag Fy  2 EAg
Pe  
2c KL / r 2
3
6

ករគណនេមគុណ Cm
១. ្របសិនេបីមិនមនបនទុកទទឹងអ័ក េធ្វីអំេពីេលអ
ី ងកត់
M 
Cm  0.6  0.4 1 
 M2 
២. ចំេពះអងកត់រងបនទុកទទង
ឹ អ័ក ( vertical loads are applied )
- ្របសិនេបីចុងរបស់ ្រតូវបនទប់្របឆំងនឹងករវ ិល C m  0.85
- ្របសន
ិ េបច
ី ុងរបស់ មន
ិ ្រតូវបនទប់នង
ឹ ករវ ិល C m  1 .0
េមគុណកត់បនថយ (ចំេពះអងកតរ់ ង
បនទុកទទង
ឹ អ័ក )
P
Cm  1  u
Pe1
ចំេពះអងកតទ
់ ្រម មញញ
 2 o EI
 1
M o L2
4
8
៣. Moment Magnification ( Sway-Frame )

Ggát;enAkñúgeRKagEdlminBRgwg
(Members in Unbraced Frames)
1
B2 
1   Pu  oh /  HL 
1
B2 
1   Pu /  Pe 
5
10
៤. កំណត់តៃម្លេមគុណ្របែវង្របសិទធភព
កំណត់តៃម្លេមគុណ្របែវង្របសិទធភព មរ ូបមន្ត
 េ្រគងអត់េយល (Non-sway frame)

     
2   2  tan 
  G A  GB   2K   1
1 K  
G AGB
  
4 K 2    
 tan  
  K  K
 េ្រគងេយល (Sway frame)
2
  
G AGB    36
K  K
6G A  GB   
tan 
K
11
៤. កំណត់តៃម្លេមគុណ្របែវង្របសិទធភព
G
 Ec I c / Lc   I c / Lc
 E g I g / Lg  I g / Lg
6
12
៥. Capacity of Beam-column
 សមីករអន្តរកមម (Interaction Formulas)
ចំេពះ
Pu
 0.2
c Pn
Pu 8  M ux M uy 
     1.0
c Pn 9  b M nx b M ny 

Pu
ចំេពះ  0.2
c Pn
Pu  M ux M uy 
    1.0
2c Pn  b M nx b M ny 

13
Example
kN
 Steel frame structure that have span L  6m and 4 stories. it`s carry uniform dead load wDL  12.5
m
and uniform live load wLL  15 kN with lateral wind load Pw  15kN. Find of nominal strength
m
of column frame with yielding strength of column Fy  235 MPa . Module elastic and Shear
modulus of steel are Es  2  10 5 MPa and G  8 10 4 MPa
7
14
Example

Steel Design Lim Somreth

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Steel Design Lim Somreth

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KINGDOM OF CAMBODIA

NATION RELIGION KING

CHAPTER-01: INTRODUCTION TO STEEL STRUCTURE

Truss element can be :

1. Element AB & BC are beam element

ASTM A529:High-strength, carbon-manganese structural steel

ASTM A572: High-strength, low-alloy structural steel

ASTM A242: Corrosion-resistant, high-strength, low-alloy structural steel

ASTM A588: Corrosion-resistant, high strength, low-alloy structural steel

ASTM A852: Quenched and tempered low-alloy structural plate

William T.Segui.(2013). Steel Design Fifth Edition, United State of America,

CHAPTER-02: WIND LOAD DESIGN

Where V = wind speed (m/s)

 C&C (Components and Cladding): Elements of the building envelope

CHAPTER-03: LOAD ON STRUCTURE

CHAPTER-04: TENSION MEMBER

១. លទធភពៃនមុខកត់រងទំនញ (Capacity of Tension Member )

 ករវ ិភគ (Analysis)

១. លទធភពៃនមុខកត់រងទំនញ (Capacity of Tension Member )

 Gross area មុខកត់ដុល

 Net Area មុខកត់សុទធ

An  ( 200  2  22)  12.7

១. លទធភពៃនមុខកត់រងទំនញ (Capacity of Tension Member )

១. លទធភពៃនមុខកត់រងទំនញ (Capacity of Tension Member )

 េគេ្របី standard holes ស្រមប់ករតភជប់រ ងអងកត់ នង

១. លទធភពៃនមុខកត់រងទំនញ (Capacity of Tension Member )

 Fracture : • Fy specified minimum yield

១. លទធភពៃនមុខកត់រងទំនញ (Capacity of Tension Member )

 Shear lag ជបតុភូតែដលេកត

 ្រក ៃផទមុខកត់សុទ្រធ បសទ

១. លទធភពៃនមុខកត់រងទំនញ (Capacity of Tension Member )

១. លទធភពៃនមុខកត់រងទំនញ (Capacity of Tension Member )

១. លទធភពៃនមុខកត់រងទំនញ (Capacity of Tension Member )

១. លទធភពៃនមុខកត់រងទំនញ (Capacity of Tension Member )

១. លទធភពៃនមុខកត់រងទំនញ (Capacity of Tension Member )

• ករណីពេិ សសស្រមប់ករតេ យករផ រ

U  0.87 sRmab; 1.5w  l  2w

១. លទធភពៃនមុខកត់រងទំនញ (Capacity of Tension Member )

• ស្រមប់អងកតែ់ ដលផ រែត transverse weld

Ae  RkLaépÞmuxkat;énEpñkEdlpSar (Area of the connected element of the cross section)

១. លទធភពៃនមុខកត់រងទំនញ (Capacity of Tension Member )

Rn  0.6 Fu Anv  U bs Fu Ant  0.6 Fy Agv  U bs Fu Ant

• Block shear resistant គឺ Rn ែដល   0.75

U bs  0.5 Nonuniform tension stress

Pn  2t.beff .Fu   0.75

CHAPTER-05 COMPRESSION MEMBER

១. លទធភពៃនមុខកត់រងសងកត់ (Capacity of Compression Member )

Critical buckling stress Fcr 

Critical stress = Yield stress Fy

១. លទធភពៃនមុខកត់រងសងកត់ (Capacity of Compression Member )

១. លទធភពៃនមុខកត់រងសងកត់ (Capacity of Compression Member )

១. លទធភពៃនមុខកត់រងសងកត់ (Capacity of Compression Member )

១. លទធភពៃនមុខកត់រងសងកត់ (Capacity of Compression Member )

១. លទធភពៃនមុខកត់រងសងកត់ (Capacity of Compression Member )

sRmab;TRmsnøak; (pin) G  10.0

១. លទធភពៃនមុខកត់រងសងកត់ (Capacity of Compression Member )

១. លទធភពៃនមុខកត់រងសងកត់ (Capacity of Compression Member )

១. លទធភពៃនមុខកត់រងសងកត់ (Capacity of Compression Member )

១. លទធភពៃនមុខកត់រងសងកត់ (Capacity of Compression Member )

 េ្រគងអត់េយល (Non-sway frame)

១. លទធភពៃនមុខកត់រងសងកត់ (Capacity of Compression Member )

KL / r  200 slenderness ratio

១. លទធភពៃនមុខកត់រងសងកត់ (Capacity of Compression Member )

១. លទធភពៃនមុខកត់រងសងកត់ (Capacity of Compression Member )