Principal group

-carboxylic acid-oic acid

(from Table 5):
Parent hydride
(R-2.3 and R-4.1
b, c)
(part of the Cyclohexane
structure bearing
the principal
group):

Parent hydride + Cyclohexanecarboxylic

principal group: acid

Substituents: Chloro-
Parent
Hexyl-
substituent:
Chloro-
Substituents:
Oxo-
Secondary parent
Methyl-
substituent:
Substituent: Hydroxy-
Secondary
Hydroxymethyl-
substituent name:
Substituent name 4-Chloro-2-(hydroxymethyl)-5-oxohexyl-
4,5-Dichloro-2-[4-chloro-2-(hydroxymethyl)-5-
Compound name:
oxohexyl]cyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid

Principal group: -one

Parent hydride: Heptane
Parent hydride + principal Heptan-2-
group: one
Substituent: Hydroxy-
Compound name: 7-Hydroxyheptan-2-one

Examples to R-4.2.3
Principal group: -ol
Parent hydride: Pentane

Parent hydride + principal group: Pentan-2-ol

Subtractive modification: -en-

Compound name: Pent-4-en-2-ol

Name Interpretation
R-6.1 6-(4-Hydroxyhex-1-en-1-yl)undeca-2,4-diene-7,9-
diyne-1,11-diol
(a) The term 'undeca' in this name indicates the presence of the 11-carbon saturated
parent hydride undecane.

The suffix '-ol' with its multiplicative prefix 'di-' and locants '1' and '11' indicates the
presence of two hydroxy ( ) groups at positions 1 and 11 of undecane. The infixes
'-ene' and '-yne', with their multiplicative prefix 'di-' and locants '2' and '4', and '7' and
'9', describe double bonds at positions 2 and 4 and triple bonds at positions 7 and 9,
respectively.

The resulting parent structure with its numbering is:

(b) The complex prefix '(4-hydroxyhex-1-en-1-yl-)' with its locant '6' describes a
substituent at position 6 of the parent structure. The parent substituent is a six-carbon
chain corresponding to the parent hydride name 'hexane'. The prefix 'hydroxy-' with its
locant '4' denotes a hydroxy group at position 4; and the infix '-en-' with its
locant '1' and the suffix '-yl-' with its locant '1' describe, respectively, a double bond at
position 1 and a free valence at position 1. Hence, the structure and numbering of the
complex substituent is:

(c) The structure of the complete compound is therefore:

Name Interpretation
R-6.3 3-(2,3-Dihydroxypropyl)- -methylquinoline-2-
pentanoic acid
The name of the parent structure in this example is a conjunctive name formed by the
juxtaposition of the names of the two components: (1) an acyclic chain containing the
principal group, pentanoic acid; and (2) a heterocycle, quinoline. It is implied that
each component has lost one hydrogen atom to form the bond (see R-1.2.4).

(a) The suffix '-oic acid' denotes the presence of a carboxy group attached to
the parent hydride 'pentane' (see R-5.7.1), giving the structure and numbering shown as
(I), below. Note that the carbon atom of the carboxy group is included in the parent
chain and that the numbering of the chain, although shown, is not that used to indicate
substituents of the chain in the name of the complete compound. The structure and
numbering of the heterocyclic component, quinoline, is given as (II).

(I)

(II)

The locant '2' is the position on the heterocyclic component, quinoline, at which the
acyclic component, pentanoic acid, is attached. No locant is given to denote the
position of the acyclic component attached to the heterocycle, because, by definition,
the acyclic component must be attached at the atom furthest from the principal group
(see R-1.2.4.1). The structure and numbering of the conjunctive parent structure,
quinoline-2-pentanoic acid is shown as (III).

(III)

(b) The prefixes '2,3-dihydroxypropyl' and 'methyl-', together with the locants '3' and '
', respectively, indicate the presence of these groups as substituents at positions '3' and '
' of the conjunctive parent structure.
 (1) The prefix 'hydroxy-', the multiplicative prefix 'di-' and the locants '2' and '3',
denote the presence of two hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 3 of a three-carbon
chain (prop), derived from the parent hydride propane, with its free valence at
position 1, as shown in (IV).

(IV)

(c) Attaching structure (IV) and the methyl group to the conjunctive parent structure
(III) completes the structure of the compound shown below.

R-6.5 1-Methylbutyl 4-(2-acetyl-2-ethyl-

hydrazino)benzoate
This example illustrates a functional class name, and is composed of two separate words
describing an ester derived from an acyclic alcohol, , and an
arenecarboxylic acid, .

(a) The acyclic alcohol from which this ester is derived is described by the first word '1-
methylbutyl'. The prefix 'butyl' indicates a four-carbon chain derived from the parent
hydride 'butane'. The prefix 'methyl-' with its locant '1' indicates that a methyl group is
at position '1' of the butyl group which, by definition, also bears the free valence,
resulting in the following structure and numbering for the alcoholic component.

(b) The acid from which this ester is derived is described by the second word. The term
'benzoate' is derived from the functional parent compound benzoic acid (I). The suffix
'-oate' can describe either an ester or an anion; here, it describes an ester.

(I)

(1) The prefix '(2-acetyl-2-ethylhydrazino)-' together with the locant '4'

indicates the presence of a substituent at position 4 of benzoic acid. The
prefixes 'acetyl' and 'ethyl' at position 2 on the parent
substituent 'hydrazino', derived from the parent hydride hydrazine. By
 definition, the free valence for the hydrazino substituent must have the locant '1';
thus, the structure and numbering of the substituent of the acid component is
shown as (II). The structure and numbering for the acid component of this ester
are given as (III).

(c) The structure of the complete ester is therefore: