1.

It involves wrong doing on the part of an authority or powerful party through means that are
illegitimate, immoral or incompatible with ethical standards.
2. A form of dishonesty or criminal activity is undertaken by a person or an organization entrusted
with a position of authority, often to acquire illicit benefit.
3. It is committed by a public officer who accepts a gift offered to him by reason of his office.
4. The accused has received directly or through another, some gift or present, offer or promise. The
statement is an element of ___________.
5. If somebody pays the bill for his meal or drinks, he is not liable for indirect bribery as he did not
accept any gift. (true or false)
6. This occurs when a criminal takes or uses money from a company or an agency without consent.
7. The methods used to embezzle can be surprisingly creative. They can include payroll checks to
fabricated employees and invoices to fake vendors. (true or false)
8. This refers to favoritism aka preferential treatment of relatives and friends during the hiring
process, regardless of others who might be more qualified for those positions.
9. It is an illegal payment intended as compensation for preferential treatment or any other type of
improper services received. it is also often referred to as a type of bribery.
10. This occurs when the ruling elite and/or powerful businessmen manipulate policy formation and
influence the emerging rules of the game (including laws and economic regulations) to their own
advantage.
11. Corruption brings with it the risk of prosecution, important penalties, blacklisting, and
reputational damage. (true or false)
12. As a result of corruption, investments are not allocated to sectors and programs which present the
best value for money or where needs are highest, but to those which offer the best prospects for
the personal enrichment of corrupt politicians.

Characteristics of corruption - for every statement, identify what particular characteristic of

corruption is mentioned. (13-20)
13. It is essential, whether you just want to be ‘thoughtful’, or whether your gift is presented with a
certain intention. Is it a sign of thoughtfulness or is it hiding a particular purpose, and expected
‘return’ in the future? Whether ‘attention’ or ‘intention’, the difference is of great importance for
the relationship. Is it a ‘friendly turn’ or is it an ‘investment’?
14. What is of much greater importance for the prevention of, or fight against, corruption at a lower
level in all kinds of hierarchies, is the clearness and transparency of the rules and of the decision-
making process, and the control exercised on the application of the rules. Timely payment of
salaries is an important pre-condition to prevent corrupt behavior.
15. Anyone who wants to fight corruption and safeguard integrity in governance should not only
prevent politicians and public officials from unlawfully accepting gifts, but should also fight the
‘high and mighty’ that abuse their power and authority to give privileges such as land rights,
permits, diplomas, allowances, money, against a reward.
16. In every society, it is known, either publicly or privately, which public official is open to
transactions with gifts being made reciprocally. The gift on the part of the official may then imply
considering an application with priority, or assigning a contract, scholarship, or employment. The
potential payer will look for his “prey”; he will look for the politician/public official of whom
everybody knows that he can be ‘bought’, that he is prepared to break the rules in exchange for a
‘gift’.
17. It is not the best producer that wins, and it is not the best product that wins, but the delivering
contract party that is willing to ‘fork out’ the most money. Naturally, those additional payments
 will end up in the economy anyway and are, therefore, a burden from a macro-economic point of
view, either for the taxpayer or for the consumer.
18. You give and receive gifts on birthdays, on the occasion of marriages and births, and on other
festive occasions. Look at the reciprocal state visits of Heads of government and Heads of state,
exchanging gifts.
19. Corruption is not only an economical phenomenon in any society or economy. It is a structural
problem in companies where the course of actions is not transparent, where the law is not
observed, and observance is not monitored.

20. For many people ‘petty’ corruption is more annoying than grand-scale corruption. Citizens have a
horror of little extras having to be paid for all kinds of services of public authorities. ‘Petty’
corruption is rampant in the lower ranks of organizations, wherever at higher levels ‘grand’
corruption prevails among public officials and politicians.
21. This refers to a requirement that some public sector activities or decisions must be approved by at
least two people.
22. This can take the form of audits, transparency measures that provide the information needed to
hold the public sector to account, and civil society monitoring.
23. In relation to ensuring compliance with anti-corruption rules and norms in the public sector,
nudges and training programs are common ways of creating an environment for compliance.
(TRUE OR FALSE)
24. It is addressed through financial and asset disclosure requirements, codes of conduct, and other
regulations, such as prohibiting public officials to work in the private sector for a certain period
of time after they leave the public service.
25. Merit-based recruiting is an example of a human resources management system designed to
disrupt corruption. (true or false)
26. It provides guidance on how public officials should conduct themselves in relation to these
standards and how they may be held accountable for their actions and decisions.
27. A key function to control corruption and bribery risks, and can comprise a whistle-blowing policy
or feedback channel where staff can conveniently raise concerns and feel protected from being
identified or retaliated against.
28. The act forbids office-holders from accepting any gifts or material benefits in exchange for any
government permit or license.
29. Having defined workflows, clear directives on financial approving authorities, and standard
procurement instructions can help flag irregularities in a business or organization. (true or false)
30. Full accessibility is required to increase competition in public procurement and foster the
participation of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in public procurement. (True or
false)