RM ee) ae INTERNATIONAL STUDENT EDITION Gravetter Wallnau ISHICS for Hie Bi SevenTH EDITION ‘that at my be ie athe US in, ‘cot nn een age yeas, mn Frederick |Grayetter Tarr B, Wallnau 0 ss |Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences seventh Raition oprt KUTUPHaNEst METU LIBRARY iter New York Collage at Brockport Frederick J Gi State Universi Larry B. Wallnau ‘State University of New York College at Brockport ‘Asta Bal + Cn Mec» Sigh - Sp Us Ringo - il etBra THOMSON 7 ee WADSWORTH ewe? nee at smrrinngertatc con Sth ‘nn ate own Set Meteg Cann Mp: aly Mine (init Pepe ge or! ra ate ht ‘em be Lag Wath eds tein ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No pa woe te ‘soa bea ep in yp ‘selene mht ili bot ad ‘aoe ny ie Web att me ‘ee cit pine mati pt oe rpm ose a om pe ea sensation ym tomar, sel mee oe ed sof eta pn Cog Panes Sn aig eer Ista: ple Wr tn Sc ‘ce Ds ge or ‘Goer Gat" Aiur ‘thet pan Cana tt Ste We ‘ove nee nmol Pea ‘Gesne Gn Hod Pmt Pouca Priest ‘eto ey Mgt stn ery usranyContents EEG] ETRODUCTION AND DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS 1 Chapter 1 Introduction to Statistics 2 States, Slee, and Observations 4 Populations and Samples 4 Data structures, Research Afethods, and Stalistis 10 Variables and Nteasurement 18 Statsecl Notation 24 Sonmary_ 28 ovo on Probie Solving 30 DDemocseons 1 and 1220 Chapter 2. Frequeney Distributionis 95 review 36 21 Overview 37 22 Frequency Distribution Tables 37 23 Frequency Distribution Graphs 44 24 Theshape of a Frequency Distribution 50 25° Percents, Percentile Ranks, and interpolation 52 26 Stem and Lest Displays 58 Summary. 6 Fees on Probl Scving 63 Demontraions 2] snd) 64 Peobiens 8 Chapter3 Central Tendency 70 review 71 31 Overview 71 32° Thetean 72 33. The Median’ @2 34 The Mode 87 35 Selecting a Measure of Central Tendency 89 315 Central Tendency and the Shape ofthe Biseibuion 9 Semmary 97 Focur on Problem Solving 98 Demoastaions 3 nd 32-99PART Chapters chapter 6 Chapter 7 Yariabitey 104 Preview 105 41 Granta "fos se wr 42 Thetang anditrquarie Range 10 83 Toneard Serato ond Goran fora Popsiaion 109 4h Eenmtabernon and Vance orsampiee he 3 Moreabout Vance Standard beatin 121 46 CStparing mesures of Vara a8 Far Pten Sing 11 Damostan 8 Peon FOUNDATIONS OF INFERENTIAL STATISTICS 136 ‘Scores: Location of Scores and Standardized Distrbations 137 Preview 138 51 Invedtion to Scores 138 52 zScores and Location na Ditibuton 140 53 Using scores to Stndnlzes Dstibuton 148 54 Other Standerazed blebatons based on eSeares 149 55 Computing Scores for Serpe 181 56 Looking Ahead tolnferentl Sastes 152 Sima 158 Freee Prob Sing 136 Pesems 38 Preview 162 6:1 Intvodveton to Frobaity 162 62 _Prabablity ard the Normal itibution 168 63 Probables and Propane for Sores fom 3 Normal Distribution 178 64 Probably and the Blmil Dirbution 481 5 Looking ahead to lnferenti Statin 196 Sumy 188 Foss on aber Sbvg 190 Denersiaom 61 and 680 Pre Probability and Samples: The Distribution of Sample Means 195 2A Bvervow 13612 The Datbation of Sample Means 197 13 Proboblity and te Dsebution of Sample Means 205, TA Mote about Standerd Eor 208 1S Looking Abed to lnerentia Statitks 213 Feamen oben Solving 219 Demensmion 71219, Peon 2 INPERENGES ABOUT MEANS AND (MEAN DIFFERENCES "224 Introduction to Hypothesis Testing 225 1 The Logic of Hypothesis Testing, 26 Uncertainty ad errs in Hypothesis Testing 237 ‘An ramps ofa Hypothesis rest 261 Drectonal (One Tate) Hypothesis Tests 250 ‘ha Geral Elements of Iypothese Testing Reve 254 Concer about HypotheeToting Mescuring Ele Sie 256 Stale Power 20 Senmary 26 ‘ecson Prem Sobiag_ 267 Pree 270 Chapter 9. Introduction to the ¢Statistio 274 81 Thet Satisie—An Alernatwe to? 275 52 Hypothess Tens with thet tatse 261 83. Rdcouring Efe ie forthe ttt 255, 84 Drectionat Hypotheses end One Tale Tests 291 Simsuny 33 Demensions 91 ane 285 Chapter 10 The eTest for Two Independent Samples 01 Preview 302 101 Overiew "302 102. The statistic for an independent Measore Research Design 206 103 Hypotheses and ettect Ss with te dependent Measures eset 31 104 Assumptions Underlying the Independent Measures fronts "220 ‘Sommary 32 Feuree oem Saving 325,Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Dencstons 104 and 102-326 ‘The |'Test for Two Related Samples 333 Proview 33 1. Overvaw a4 2 The (stats for Related Samples 326 3 Hypathess Tests ond Etec si forthe Repeated Measures Besign 340 114 Usestnd sumptions or Related Sample teste 345 Senmy 0 Teas oe Pdi Sig, 381 Dencestton Hand 1.2392 Proc 334 stimation 989 Preiow 360 121 An Overview of timation 360, 122 Estimation with te Stasi 365 123, Atinal Look ot Estimation 375 Say 37 Fic on Pte Stig. 378 DDscnton 12 an'22 379 Prolene 389 Introduction to Analysis of Variance 397 Proview 388 134 Intodcton 389 122 The ogi of Anas of Valance 393 133 ANOVA Notation and Formulas 237 134 TheDstabution of Paation 406 1355 Examples of Hypothesis Testing an Het See with ANOVA a 138 Post foe Tess ele 137, The Relationship Between ANOVA and Tests 429, Sonmey 2s Foes oe Mien Song, 428 Demenaroe 3.) and 132 28 Pret Repeated-Measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) 495 Frevew 6 141 Overow 6 "42. Testing Hypotheses with the Repeated Measures ANOVA 44%Chapter 15 mz Chapter 16 TW Chapter 17 3 Aavantges ofthe Repeated Measures Design 489 144 inva! feronces andthe Corsten af the Tresiment Efe 53, Dente land 142456 Pons 60 152, Main fects and interactions 468 4153 Notation srl formulae 475 154. ntorpreving the Rese fom e Twoactor ANOVA 485 185. Assumptions forthe MrFacter ANOVA 469 Seema 60 Fretson item Shing $92 Dersntation 11nd 8293 ‘CORRELATIONS AND NONPARAMETRIC TESTS. 504 Correlation 505 Preview 506 162 ‘The Feenon Crlaon 511 183 Undestanting nd itrpreing the Peason Corton 516 184 Hypotnrs Tene wi he Fea Caveaon Et 185 TheSpewman Canlaon “a2 186 StroriemuresoFRelatonhip 522 Fearon ble Sig, 539 Denomtnons ola 162 0 Peter 50 rodustion to Regression _ S48 Preview 549 1741 Invoductin to tinea Eaustions and Regression 49 172. Testing te Snifiance of te RegreonEauston ‘nabs af Regression S02 173 Intodudion to uliple Regen with 10 Predictor verses £68 174 Baluting the Conttion of Each Predictor Variable 568 ‘Sammarschapter 18 chapter 19 Chapter 20 ect tem Sag $73 ‘The Chi-Square Staite: Tests for Goodness of Fit and Independence Preview Set 181 Poramettc and Honparamtre tail Teste 584 M82 The Ch Square Tet for Goodness of Fit. Sez 183 The chi square Test or ndependence 552 8A Measuring Efet Se for te CheSquare ‘est for Independence 602 185. Assumptions ana Resins for OhiSquare Tests 606 186. Specal Appleton ofthe ChiSquare Teste EOS Focwon Totem Sing. 611 Denenaatoe 1612 ‘The Binomial Test_ 619 Proview 620 181, Orerow 20 582 The Binomial Test 62¢ 133 The Ralatonhip Between Chi Square andthe Binomial Test 626 194 The Sign Tes 627 Simmary 3 Frctson Probl Sting 632 DDenaron 19 3h Statistical Techniques for Ordinal Data: Mann-Whitney, Wileoxon, Kruskal Wallis, and Friedman Tests 637 Preview 68 201, Data tom a Ordinal Sele 638 202 Tha Nane-Whitney U:Tert An Alternate to the Inependent Measures Test 681 203 The Wieoson Signed Ranks Test An Alternative to the Repeatee- Meosurer Tet 68 204 The xustal-Walls Test: An alornative to the Indapendent- Measures ANOVA 655 208 The Fedman Test: An Alterotive to Repeated Messures Sinem Fics Prbiem Sing 66‘Appendix A. Appendix B Appendix ¢ Appendix D Deotstons 201,292,203, an 204656 Pleat Basle Mathematics Review 677 AX Symbol and Notation 679 ‘22 Proportions Factions, Dana and Percentages 6&1 3. Negntiv numbers 68? Xa. Base Algebras Slving Equations. 6a ‘AS Exponents and Seusre Roots 652 Sisto ben 609 Solutions for O48Numierd Problems TIS ners Instrston for Ung SPSS. 738 Statin Orange 728 Rforonoe 750 Index 753Preface ‘ay sen te beavis ser vw the rep sisi ose a a in iin obscene Ih ol an serie eres et "cr heya aero hhh sot shoe an see A tis the stir cue nh nev creo sedcocergels ower sig i earn sls telnet abn te ‘ier wl te mest. Stas! pees pve eters wth bie ad ‘senate etd fr eng deren teehee Scie ‘wee sl be nformon moses an jd onl o Teak sm nly ache aoe of ei balsa creey be nt of ceive hate ent fr sec an ae in eee “inset you whose unin revised Store fehl Seri ic hate cps he ee eae: Tee gee ed foenost in our ins Ove hye, thy hve proved hres an a edharh ‘Te bed wa nd preven se or rin edge We sneak hms Sts whe a ng ths eon soul ple ea Actes forth in nce hollowing: + Su Gide Cents ae opens ein bees re meat onan fan typ cee for renin, iy Nat ances ie td ei. The Say Ge case ses 0 tes gre "ence Cie oe tin eis ig ees + Tranparene} CD-ROM: Ice sho 90 lesa fies en dey fom he ex Heroin omer saan a ig tao Ce Naor Kg who has teen tt suporive an essing set eee, Dan ‘Moneypeay,w als cte i epemen esl asst Shela Wa coe pops mt, Kat rae expe, Sod Sele pee, ne Lae fer, on Duta emir, Raber yer mtg mange By ‘Stes Caine Cl main comnts mgt ely Alte ‘nf vaing asst, Nash Cuts Spec! eg El Creel wn Steps cet rsa tgs Wee evenly ey ion mln the dvlpaest of a menses Accra, we lec wpe the fli Slag whe eed aeOTHE TISTRUCTOR ish edo: Janet Anions, Vase Calle: Git Bells, Notes Sat ‘East, Remar Veet of Nesp; Mar Cag Unter ‘Ntsuegty Bu Felgs, taut -te Se Univty of New Hey Rory Poe Rss Sm Unter: Mine! ae nner Neth low ya esis Univery of Wacom Mies Linn Heat, Past Uses Sy Kida Uventy of Com, Sot Saber Meas Keer Hor (leg bes Kin Une of Ana eis Porel nia aie [Whitaker Unnesay of Ua rte Zhan, Calo Sate ley, es, tw te fowing elena wt the Sven a Chay Facer, Cale of Wiliam & Nay: Kay Oa, Reo bsp, Stas Ke Rages Unveny New Bre Tees Ca, Noosa Se Use ‘sen D'Atc Tu Unvriyeny Stege, Netopaster Sts Calog of Dower and Rae MePite, zona State Unies “thes yo fr wih pervou ein tft Babin Sener wll eotice amber ef tarps ne sees eA ener saan of ee. ‘oe foloms * Thao he oye coving pees te ef mean st ‘eas been expanded ss suppomeat bytes ig + A ew penis (Ape) cons gee nd he stasis Tropa SSS Insien athe end oh chap woh an SPSS St eit wna ep yey orn ding wb “Teen. poblen sets heb wise ‘The flowing ae xen of he sei an eters einen Chapter re emp plo sacs ad hl elon os ie econo le hacen cars metho Heaps ae eh Capter3_ Ne et sth et eno of comping te met bs on cettan Yrs nd koe at sane he cave vn ee ‘dan can change ifs de ale ie Chapter 4 aed reer emp on he efton md core of vara an ‘nd devin ter htc Al hen ep sm ‘Erman vce em expel Cpl Aide wnew sion Sonning ad exlng ean of car trilon er tn enctoning tack ach cee aes cor Ad Show mc dean a eee an et wh sng ta, tr a pe Seng seu ciel inte coe o popu ttn Ccrpler 6 Repaced tesco percents and ale ch wid at Ut incest cones a ee way to sx popes sd frosts Alcan he cals Senos rons pce: (Chapter? panel dicen of om he sa ena te spe si Sct dein he vai ofthe, lasting ‘Sid ener tle sepTO THE STUDENT Chapters Conley evel he sn on sts poms inating we Mees Wilt te eonep sd se econ ig tpste be comes ee ae tipo Asn abe ne ston csi Be difefce cnuce e ‘Stem of spe ot ese of hesefecarythe sap eand ‘ey ofc, Chapters Ress beset ox Caer oc we es igo ‘aes toca stmt of Cae ch oe nm elon pe ‘nt Ab wed sen dig how sap se tn anc ine cee hypo et Caper 10 Ade wie scons te nee ofthe ane ene formunge ea denned evo ceshing on ae os tee lo coop stare Oe ined meses ies CChapler IL Asse en ceing ke efi an e-wd ite tat ‘St pool pete ete ese treat nent deg ‘Capt 12 Ean te etna tetera of infec intra Cape 13 nosed te pha cn a en tenga on cong ‘an Tis change spies toad shen on sa ain (1, an. {Chapter 14 Rete he nar of is samp by lng ely ‘ge pete xn others ANOVA (nea of 0) seo te sna tnt of coset armen pa kr bet fom healer fa epee Sgn [Chapter 18 Rede he enn on luo by crtinng tn nls an ‘een of es ine ig ean th sein rs ed a ‘sla ith end copa etme (spt 16 Sept concn ed eeson ino vo squatter. Cape [ow cones Peo, Spenran, sh th pow Ni coe well me he i crise Reprint Sorc ie Cage CChapir 17 nw caer aw covers he pore ning awe ‘nt ems eso and mile ees Wis wo pedir ale [Chapter 18 (be forex Chap 17) Te capes se Preview an te etn ‘nee sie frees sgueet djennss oce ogd. Chapter 20 be fomer Caper 19) Adda em ron O he dm ‘wir an eve oa epee a of fo ek ‘primary goa of fs ki om he ak of eng a ey a estas pst, Arg ether tng, ol er th fe ia ou rio epparaiso pace cians you te kage fom Teng cess, espe, sont aegis: Werererge $sovtotseoranugect te oparries end wt ot meet tenls We ae tien ce pst exch ics in conse con ‘eth epi why the ce wos Soop nd wn shad Bete yor ‘ea sma wd ens nrg oes oes Ung {sl fama il fd aces efor ote esc ea i ie following eto,“ Hay" we rove sc at we Be ot ove Ss A yur src rove st wl we ttn hr cs Ive eof om ‘Ort th ye, he stain cu clas a sae wing or bok ave en ie cba you have ay sts er orn ab ros 3 cin we cer Puerto Crete Plea Bnerion ary ‘ano ae Dap of Peay, SUNY ollge Bev 60 New Cans Drive, Bost Nw Yon 120, Youn ls cal Pfs Ge: icy a fpaven@bectped Stay Wnts Yon may Hin sore of hese pp, om sents te repre. ‘set bd nevis topics If yu hate ard pov mei ten th ew op jon le or. Wis he popes arg, homealone on bea pt myer ou fl a yoc ne fang tein gt ep naa. + You i ea (ad emembe) me ae ify stay fa sa preset ‘ines pec wek ahr an conn lf ou tying toe ene ‘ioe, or example sant etlecine bl tor vey ih "ho hve unl bon aly sso one wk, Wear cee Wik ‘ering hs ek tt et ea * Dosome wor re as Kep ile shea insect beading he sori von ere they epee nas Ang you a Fit tndtod what yu ve ou wil ve etl sea he tes wc ila teeter ao Al, yo ie ea a eral cage te bese ep cad ics + Pay tert an ink dig clas. Aaah hr mie seme brs fen Ins pase. May den pnd so tsh ie yng we dons every xe psn or hr rhe byt arate thy oe so, Ay units pce wt eng each Your seer Shey ot edo copy eve xa pete epi ‘he many empl ef et ext Santee wel nr seen ther est pss fr sana en + Tet era eli) Do ac wa tl ed fhe hg tec of he wes check your owing Aer nhc werk se tt pier joie, sad oe ening Coca Revo the Demameon Frblems a esr youca ee te ey Ten 3 ae hv We, 1 our uesioes asec lnmeday (ed a tn. po You nt {ook qesins in clas) By sxng ou Wl besa rove edo + Domichiayouel! Avo ell Many sen ober nsrcte sete pens in css anh othe" ken ds 3" Do You ly estnd i? Con yey doth plc our vm atvig ea eg he pas chats? Adah eee ting won ‘ithe i te os ee fing ees oo shold ‘oxigen ah Your ton sel ott our eet may ‘Werez at may ens eens sk fr. i ies ‘halege tnt. You fi ay ove hi eve Peshays concn heist het won es po arty fa ing eens in las oo amie evaig You cul te pense we Piso fe at one dots tye ab Asn our Insc migi know fate envhocan afer sense Yer Wg. ‘in every het Pree) Cnreter taney WotanAbout the AuthorsStatistics for the Behavioral SciencesPART Introduction and Descriptive Statistics Chapter 1 Introduction to Statistics Wohnen ac ae Chapter 2 Frequency Distributions Stet which cmt of Capa 14 wl pone Chapter 3 Central Tendency ‘emmy ee Chapter4 VariabilityCHAPTER Introduction to Statistics Preview 1 Statistics, Science, and Observations 41.2 Populations and Samples 1.2 Data Structures, Research Methods, and Statistics 1.4 Variables and Measurement 1.5. Statistical Notation summary Focus on Problem Solving Demonstrations 1.1 and 1.2 ProblemsPreview dr we hepa cr dain fs weak onto cabs re dese sr pp yo a ‘ode slong rrp Sot oy stan why new pease Yow ‘Snel Cue 0) ‘anche ten be eee "Teves fr it her ae rove Snvesectan ee of tit You Spode mth bak We dies lest SSlocunc trae ti mat a ‘tices ei gs obo ‘Why webs ok ido ied "Ange ea gh elongate ep ugh? Acura custo tm hi he geet ie ow ell Ecco counersimgle lr uote offs took fae, ay eee’ ogres cea om Sheuclymepearioiey yore amigos snep nt ein ncn spe ‘cote eau orang res swle teens Te ete pred ety hp Gptetcirand ays invaton soujowney tele ba vice ttn te ar ‘leah th ntfs Tosco it we ly flows he eam ee fie nie capo, ‘epi iets snerir a? Sap oe ssvegowdadc fates we dice esis oceans rsdn Cape yu ten {iyeetavewn sprays tckpoarttecnenemes Sey Chae 1 wlan tee ‘efte mn nomeney nine arte You therealong coc Pistookwebegn eh chgtwinapesen, Ths ti Hovere i our ae alge Fuerte ov itp Se tckpoued ore yore a oe as ewe ‘Sr rhea mai t cagce Asyowrend esa id nearing ew comep tyeFBR stansncs, science, ano ossenvarions TEFTIONS OF TATE. oe dion, co off an igus nrg iso ine ttt average ol anes tal inva "ine sang ees ey nde hee ues fran oon sl pes Ltrs agen easton eng sis Gt sd fase) tt, fr oy, we eoecent ce» mache Gfcon fs. Syescaly we we hen aii ort tf mateo pote Te ls tm we we sg the om satan enon sent roe ‘her or exam, yo septa ng ho fr tes some nce You il i te! he iil eg tt we afar ach nc be Tewach in peyclogy (ane es) ves ei nema, To ee sins forexanpin whey vce TV tay aft once hain ‘ould ed opt infraton aati’ aioe, Wh ear fh {ie of ering Ina, heyeay Bi hemes wit ps nd pgs ‘fesse snes sco, tly tne eto tne alo ‘Tee fst ap reves se is noone, Sly, Sess re to general pares 1. Siti red cpa sme te nrmion ha see Set pene i te esac ty on oe he estore Sic al te ese ase te ner queso at nat he ‘eeu seg ext wn cancion artes tate ne sss erin norman, Sista roca ep em at eae ce rans a ested dimen ect ine. In some aa "his help rem bing det of cane In aon es poe re ‘ences of Sanded telus tl ace og a sdertnd ouput soc conmnty. Ts, thesis etd wed ty one Seu le on eer mar a aca ie! ‘lenis th il desma fou tal ae ome oe aha So. FEL rorutations ano sampues WTAREWET! Scenic esx scaly txine woh a gen queion ot specie pp (oe ivi or erect mrt te fa Serco he eee fen chien. Or aes ay wo same he ‘tad toward str fren erste women the is nape cae Inresedimthe opt ero de ates eee oste comp te grup of ae ihe rp won Isilon, hn grr bss hes ty ale popsion, ‘ powulaon et fol he inte of ein ear ty. ‘hyo can wl, yoeton en be iter xa tee ‘tf ween on tn po Ee reer gh te sess ling th opal fr sey wanes he repre ween Unie Sater one Thesiger won Hee ly he popsnion os of en wo eats ‘Slotte, Pepaaes ca only ry nse fr eee yal ‘ening os how heaven cts th option. Te popu tg std ‘al! ave ced exec In ain ppt aed at ‘il eit cold be ppt oy cpr pe ode {oy ang eh nest watts. In pte, pps at “apy ey ech sth pplatn eh rae cnn te Ute Stes ie pptaton foal sss Aion ic ese core ce popu ly 6 ngobic lecaanser ata ee val peat ie Tet t Schr pclae mer moe gee ep fs the option Sia he ait nin ibe sled poy Insel {ate ec rn» poplin ale og Asan ete be ‘roof eps ef ge so ay ee ~ Rasp ae of sta od me opin aly ado rept poplin een ty Jan a wes wt pps, amp tn ay ase Far exp ne sly sip crane sampiot only TOchiten na shat rp nied) ight ue a eanple ove 100 rps yan pening popu 2 Soar we eed aout see ing lect om population Hower is el ny half fal insta ever x mg sn poplin ‘Syste wn areca es xan spi pnraiae ‘rm ntnieoplaioe, Romane ech ed wh ‘alum at he popunon. Pane esi, eer Fe an ter gree he esis fon tess to the popu The a ‘aiestp between sland spepaliion stn sigue 11 Whe cing at ene singh wsher te a come on op [oceesnigis Arata dents» eae pos ‘erage sprue eb, tcsi re ge iene swat To he wenger sale an ego oe ‘ypay i sec pcs bps Hh & uot bot opelsnn Fran "However hea duane om sample ane ed camp aesa “Rpnanter isa va, aly a ane vale tit aces poplin, ‘pam eee nl mneyune ace EESERAION tome rate sasaclegtom ‘othe pepuon trepopton DEFINITION — Astaitcie ais salya nancial val dt ber ale. A ‘ute may boosie oes gle mere ort be Se om of menses oe “Typ, very goulion prance ts crespong samp tie ant eto a oo octal With be eatnip tees ope send ‘Soiponig pops purse, Chapt er ean rane tl {nt betreen bo mes bed fr asap nde mean th apa ‘OSERPITVEAND ‘The tk of wavering «reser eon hes wh gt nema. I WVERNTAL STEAL cern are by mang orator so tsi ests INEIODS the avin toe sted, The memento cero ane fr hn ‘tse sda re ooeeny acre row sore TRecampe ‘es renames i el th dts tO ete on Ae ae ‘ands meas red crn nine he ni DEFINITIONS ” Daa lun) we meen arobaraiom A daa ts sleston ‘neste ness A atm gsi igen Ge Shera nau comnony cae snr ora se Alugh eer hve develo x ayo lent sil proces > cogs intr! a, eileen cesarean eli ge. fet eri Tn it eas, deere stance, coir ste Poe hesitant ol sani a DeeIMiT1ON — Despte satsiesine tied occ wed roman oe aed aespn sinicsar eng ht ne aves angie ene ‘tem ina fon ars more mage Ofer th en in ee {gn Sai sos ose ein set of ore At een eb {aimnmarie ae of ces by sen on vege: Rt tht vn cata Dud ses, he vege pier ase ese as rte ene st “hs econ pens xy of atl tegen eld neem! ssc neta ssi we metas tas at mae cl cn DEFINITION Incl satis comisof elajas halon wo say oer eat thn ke geez tou he plone mw hey wee eed ual iso pose b measue eeeas ete pol, Rem pops sey very tg, asap ccc ese he poplin By ny ig Ieretis em pl we oe mate ge sess aha ople ‘ype we tpl satis th fring conn at ples peste ‘On gle wining aoples however, tt asp prvi Btin ‘Sezai bout pope Aa ge me acl pres te ‘pulse soe nt expected o ives prey scepter of he le ‘pute Tee asaya dicepncy Breen spec he co ‘og population pam, Ts depen nel sang ero ed oe eS ater ren be led bynes Ge Ba 1) DE FINIT1ON ~ Sampingersor ste dscns or amount of er, cs benen a ‘aplenty ropulin eace oe cone of sng enor s Wane nis 1.2. The swe op Io of 00 cage tes tod sale, cach wh 3 et tte bs ‘eld fom he pelo. Noi ht ex ssp cs dif als Wo fave fet arassts.Sanese te sls conte ile eo te ames vary fom ne rp nt nal ens sss hl cat these as tpi ences Yar soso aie ‘Fig? tows ony sft sponge hae el Bee ‘THE MARGIN OF ERROR BETWEEN STATISTICS AND PARAMETERS Ove comnoe este ssn er the ear “hn epi oi eign i sce wih sample poperin Foren ce rege tater ee ba renga els eng os amps ols, fom sae ane ety gece to we utente ete ac Fopuliion As ala ys dot exe! ee ‘Cus eo a llth 1a froma sige be ae Thee nye ib soe feast gee we raph ef veins 4 pce psSeer ol sd Beare ‘Sri al a pte ‘Spee coin fet niu al wold prose in ss Ts te base ‘Sc of ing or samples wry om ene empleo ater nd Calvan dfn om he omesping psn prs ‘The falloving ean stows he etl aps of research stay ad denanses tow descpe sts anette ar et spite ane at Alien ef cape ote bo sang eer cans he nan ‘een rela nsswyinea ae ss eneed ‘deans spoon "gue 13 sows ovew a ees each si el emt es desi ad neal sic pi, The pups af the earch tayo saat dteenz utente mer eshng ig fi gate, ‘Teo spe esd am he opin ane cliente hae ssaple Aare sige aching tl Aan clam pl Be ined Tei Aes ons alo ese se ese aig e tise sehr sods bre Forge A so ee ‘angle Ge gw 3) Now ike ne eines as,eet that austin derenn ssn Behenaiaceehe tac Roeateeesccrws . eoiremea Rioeierereeatin, Sots wieee a Fs, csp sats a ed singe paps fd For example he recat col de « grag showing the er en ange eon “nenge su fer nc rp. Nowe a esigve mee ia a sepia, ‘ie dso these hi xa, deat ght land A raged 76 one sane! Wand the ee tp ytd Benge ny 7 ‘Ones ie see ns eed te eh te net ep 0 inet he cen Thiet of nro heer ha fxd 1 Sui iter bers the ro amps The pee ince sata 9 ‘earn oc ollowng Wonton1. Ther oa tlre eten he two king med ae Spi Atacace betwen the pls stan apes eine Cie ‘pia ie 2. Teli iva dle betwen ht ac ‘ace tee espe a eed ptt ante pi Insincere ot dene twee ples provide cng ince tare tune vo eligi oe sp diese {schans? Te pu of fc ies oars hi goon 1 Wha appa nd we some? 2 Acanctise t dc ppt sch the ppuition sry, Sata 4. Teron teen ppaon an pane he sae he a shpteveena tpeand Sasi ectigue cif it 8 snr tps, Wht eth ro ‘alegre and wht be gear pore re chins Bry deo te cone sani exe ‘ee pte iaia oparicpes inte sy Teen ‘Throgs die ti nd inertl t. Dsipi es trees opm spy ete tse css ‘Stoeger coo sh ope Suopng ri ree cep ee he i ol ai te: recon apo pate FL ota structures, neseanci merios, anp staristics WARSI Scene acme dcove eos te wie Eve pepe of nit i {aston ened lary he wor en eth henge of atcha he mous pe csages he esa ty me bata mao my eta ‘io acament ieee ches Senshi nt can cane ve diese ‘alr ial arabe ‘ores may be carci ht de on oe indivi nate, xh os eit weg ender or aon, Vast ano one cianamromnsemwe at change. ha get tne of. ee oh am owe ‘sc seg ences. “When vee a rice, he reslig ves en eid by teters sal Xun ¥ For exp, secon ernie th ltonsip bees ‘pectin ac st oe cane oe ‘Bhavas Xchange non do ster, ap ages ins pee way, “vale ha bsnl ge Vary ee coat or eta a sy it cfr cay ang he nares st coro cool vate by Plingtem cost. Forex ipl eect ay exie al Tbe ren wh ae sl ed ‘ese oun af 23 is stay parm ge, he am, te ee (hae come. Same sec ss ae ent snyder lv ates es hy ‘este. Feceanpl acl fal may nob eytodec ee Ing epg on dys or pon of ole odes Mot rehome, ‘Winnett extnine eaten vate, Fr nage thal hip etna ns onto fstype eer er ‘lan between he ly of beat nd eens pron fr her ‘ry halen heaton ten he ue oo np {ode pit serge for clloge states? To naa ese ety, ‘Seach ect east ie {Scat fears meth an fretted tgs, he Towing sien ei and das se wo etc ‘ne ho foaming eens nen vibe io hae vo ‘arse anh eit mtn for sto as That ply ean he {eo ale oath nia Pr tape resch a esd tle sip eee sep bt eapeiy wakes tne, ad snd fara fecal oes (che, Barc an gg 210), Tear te a toy teens wap in an chon rec fo nau sadn pores Tend site Pe Ia sons er ee oe in of na nied he fy The rect hn lo i ont puts be ta peo ‘ence fra eosin re Ft nag ake wn changes from on soe oso, ee ao aden Tr msm eran “Ci he aa oe eve 7 ph Paes how toe rt isan ot pga pe tric nn pss yt i et ‘al pon soneyots oe suas waka ine fd th we pon srenfe wees deic romance Phosphor® ay « a ale} TL e. runt a ‘hn teresa Ma o> seh nn ee inseam ‘SETS oF easter ‘coi feeen wake-up tae an soni perme a wake p te ‘eases, acne eormince eres. ‘Aesth dy the sna We vile fr exch inde po acer End dn town nF dea ne of erent med {te corto research rey Ete esa anol Ves aon {hip teocen bls mene aed de i salt oreo, (Celio on teen meted ae dee in etal Caps Tee coral metho rhea dra oseine weber (cexicaly he cio ross ss wt aul ae 1 Foesanp# elescer el care oe loo (yor) sd a "sd oar ane tae rope! (a ere for 8 os of egies Nae athe suche seas free nel ee the Ieee i sual cre Ti yee dy ered ee ‘ova ot many din cid aca he beet 1 shoys an example of his it af sammy ae The eanip een at thle oesn-tme dat och one dm Tate 1, evan sng ae ‘cl etaigeknons os chinqare te Chapter a Cope 18 ‘Te scond med for examiig eesti vee no vies ve ‘mpm woo egos of ses In in ne of he ted Todi th pon er amp sec ise ht ol pen ely ‘ited wht ot soa cles e teat (Ct Mega, 929) 0 ta one rp of een ce len ae he ante ah ‘nig opie pops at gen a et Tae ed se ‘fei pause va ten mere ah ch cna he ig Js how a igre 1. Nite tha he sez computes he scr oe eat {ap theres no rat pa A sue eer een eee ‘ores vids laser ening ean sn sce pe,ate nt et ep Sicatgliocseis cape poe a lou ite mewuemon peed pres ume ah en ti ase pay eves computing te sense rch ip thn sp Ing he ergs, The pces of cng aru pra in Chap 3 ‘ity of ata tecige fr compa verge peed Chap 15 Tee metuenen ees smi tes nasi non usc npr Yetta eration nal conf ompaing pcan fr ch poy nd "acon poets, Ply nab we preseason emerald mig th won etree ata Hone he The ‘aed ea bese coma toe repro fr the Swope, Pea tor ote pope nt ty ev fnew be, wes ny 40% reve me eb se ‘ne spe seach met tt ners comparing pp of ss kon ‘permet method orb exert sachs Th ol an xpos {a says cms» ca andefe ‘latipes to aie, ‘Seeccey exert acoso sh th cing tee oe vate ‘lenis changers cnn ond vee. To sg te oa ge ‘etal eed aso canes lets expres or er Pet 1. Manip The reseche anit one abby hen vale ton ni ed wicca te eo 2 Canto The eseucor mist xr sams cone he x ‘onto ese iat er, exten vere do ns ie elton ‘eternosip tea “To demons wo acct, ira egetins in wich sere rain es nom eso ena pee ovocet te ego invite ange nes at Set mec reeme Seamncga enone "ther mse peti ae ee nn Sky yeaa” coin Reese ww toceiccalgerae kee Sei, Senin Sng heme 95" eee cata ieee srt gucremicion wavelet Sedo Sim eee Sid ca pp ne ee eae SSSA eee Th ef eptme hon SEE re ete oy tds nem pom nce by ep ‘ota no yo pe sas ‘Teuton tere wis ecco a ee ‘Ascend 1, arpa Varian Ths suet th gen and ‘ices te fm ow "night ay fn ns nia ac Whneersn effet ‘tm er ree mpi deren rust pr oe opi enact and : ‘en yup in eaten) seca mt eat puch det dir fos ne py oats ar ome, taps oa Fig 6 conars merger ns 0 cam hp 2 ‘AF rom. Sophos ha te pra ne 10" ove ge 1 tan tpn in 90" ots lnc ce egret wel ‘sfonde. Systane pow a permeate ten the ther th serer atten eases te ‘aaltepet rae cma ynligance 2 Brome Variales These dacs oft eve sch sslphing tof ny, and wee cnn Areva rae a ‘eden tat ese he ate sven tthe a ‘iss in tame sag hemp cp eg a2 ‘xan, spose ha th ina int en wee alee "oming an eins int 90 oom wa eed he cmon ‘Asi i woul poe conan egesingltece earetXPM HCD onl den wher th iece nena rs wee as by ‘Sera roy hr oy. esc pele tes asic con ir vil Fi he recat cul re random espe whist a ch pt hs ‘ncn a ing none ech of he eves cons The el fa ‘spt octet prsipet corer evn eee ho tops st nt po soe me (ole ats) ni Random signent ca baa comes ves xen forse eer spa se site lect rie af. fetoam. Second he eerie eon we nig Yo ee eile pe fe ‘ple enviscemet Fresamps hear sald este atta Qa then ag nds gens at al of he pp have ogy te weg 1. Fale eee cco able han hen Co Sinz. For eal on experimet wer ely 1D end cen artes (Ging ap costo) then hereon ern that om ry et mae sy beth sate Tne eprint metodo wren wile peter ace ‘leer and eco To cba cao nln haesip tetves ti wo varies egress cna le es te pve a infeing ne Specie ames rd for te vce ha ne sed by he eps ‘od. The are sain’ yt exgecneter ical he peda eve Neon tees ah teow consoled. ‘erie capi in gue 18 open te fale ye Te vate thr ic cbr assays elle oe manptin et depo Nr “Tic lndpennt arial th vai tht onlay ie sewer Intebavoaestrh he spent vr aly oi hf tf) eas coins wo wach ajc ae expt be np, ‘ite esis the cen cen th wee Wage rs tse epee tie "a psc rsewe, te dependent able ply mete oe scare sated or ech sect Fe enpeats eerie 1.0 de {ves prog erm oe Spend vn ase tt esplan htm. Thr cages nthe deed ee depen changer enn varie "Rasepaimeta ay cates he latipes bo vase by mai: Iain ne vata ie indapendet var nd eng ne arbi Che ee. ‘det aioe Nae tht nan expen nly oe vray mented Ye ‘Seu eae tht his ery ow rm 2 orl! ayn ih ath ‘se wen dhe dco of we tte ene eth“quasspenea (fe ance wil toe» conto i wich tebe do nt ie nytt The eres othe bets we en cope hoe fm ested tas ihe fyi "Stay fees fom tess meat conde Ths id oe Seu the teametsnaon el be orl evo, a the ea Tavis cnr condllan dot xv te capil ino Inasst ty eshersectivena einen ory ei neta plat ea he ge sca ct op sh oe Indiana expert nado other eae Nowe ta he independent varie anys cont of a Tes ro vals (someting eas hve att flee ves bt yo cy th on ert trate expel (ge 1 te nepal em ste sing ve 050 aod 10 ara experineswon experimen ep ncn rouse dependent ate well erent vere ro eaten, ie the lop been varies by carig eons see. To er fi twang 7 sd cel ite own pg Ths fers cms oso the ements arn rien “Tetip put a ge U7 sha see stay compara wo poe of pti eas ia eh ew group ae ee ys parr aa (i ts se,po Se, A prepa vse Ia pressing that uh eb geo eae "som ete nh ae, Nace tat is sly ves cmp oe (poops of wer (len perineal so nce tt he Fear de mail gene fo cree th wo rap. Specaly. he ‘Suter comet sig iio grog ten ue oe goin females ad te ie seed pou males Hecate o9 malta ona ‘her poop agnor quale om is stat espe “Tet Fe 7 tweety copa wo eee soe ‘Te sey ates cpesn Sees ora pou pry bl ey 2s seh. ntsc, ogo aces esi by ering he ‘nit dite ns eb once + ‘tute ao cool ore ther vial hat change wi tne. For eka he ‘ener ngs fom dt loc ee hap oh a ny ae "spy. cze, eden ste leo Yee weer 2 tn ft ay ee a og ie ‘itch research ses shown niga 7 wt expe ou so nie ta hy pce he asin Sh ae fond ns expt (eetigue 1 nants oor atest nsentfow tltasd a {ees ohn seer wi each grup. nan exes, pope ety dle vas oe eps aa ae crs he dependMstanie cit ‘ei en Sea fyb eit ei ee @ © (osegeraea et yale Inter per of recat exams hon a Fg 17, ‘ita fae gap nce un vale te es eel he depen te ‘in ese is vl conpring oe int were ne coed pling an epee are Ise rap ely Sines (grit var (esse ver fae) oe tne ele ‘tele tenet ve serene) hee eer eee ‘te vb it tec ae gp snipe ari Mat fhe ise pees pests ra sc for ech soles tt congresses hehe expen at gare 5 se onsperneta sesin er 17, psi we wile pve se ‘estammante an dese estes ine sd we wl ea le ‘hil sc tt wil alow os ei rp apn ener he ‘ke opt1. Ares ose thee peal wo ak rep oe a a nts dg tn haves lover io Aha’ Ses than tie res vd nae te dg ease explo he soln 2 Wt wo csonens a secey fra ech ty be expres 2 The ls rom aero ise th een he trou fc ah ing ing he wines moos ets neatly hover level eres ‘Het npn tld pn wae or sy sass 1. Thierens Theater imply asi eine 2 tere net min nin erg mel Sona Thee hee haut ond iki, wl eed at euch pe rot FB vanusaces ano measurement "Ter ht ip th it oma ach ae ee af evn -nesring ie Foe eral n sory Sh 9S et 1 ‘Se, pesoaiy sare orton ine sc, ne see We wil ake st Seok te var he rn sed wd i se of meee ONSTAUCS AND cy of vv ih Dehua cits lly ype co ‘reraTONA DEMMTIONS cee ate ao mips a net ao Foe yh hi ees wl in acoo bowser hs ineigent Ore my a soa ‘soars an bse hese owe esos Thence oh ‘iene and sentenced sorry cite et ‘ere heya yo Atop conse se eligece era charters ht cnt be “ty tne, is pane tabard ese vim we epee ‘fe uosrac:Forenanin we ams ee" elganc bt ween sec cmgles o ‘Seite. The sales a hee tao ene open sino fr he onc, An open dation ets aon ne ob vs thc be tne a Cvere Fr eng yous nig deed Invest you pects cn 10 DEFINITIONS Contes weiner abuso charities hi cmt be ily oe ‘Se ht etl dong on expan ne, An operation defison eres ese poet (of op ‘in far emanig nestor hve and we eating meen ‘denon sda ncsienent ofa yptten cnet Net at ‘pel eit ns wo eamponeat Frese of eps ‘emeaui acomtace Sead dens th care tem wa TERETERND CORTOUS Te wrt na sy canbe chantry eye of vais tht ne seg TAMABLS. othr Aire variate ein sort ieee For peahand apd sb 8 bs was 1 a er ie vans we ae vsls as, seis then ited vaste vy accep. Cone {be vates dle whe i ae le Between snging actor Samp ‘ce eran gt Seno oe le cme fe need Tarte variate crit of apa, ile no, Noa a rot ener oo eight eg Diary commen sce wo somte nerf xa ete number ofc nately he nef sen tendo 30 ess ede om Oy Jou cone 18 en oe ya 19 Sane thes Howere hs ipaableeerio ere eee TS'A eure vite my scons tons tier eat Fo tne elt hein als ry cay so big pe Udo ‘ters having dims dor, nd ome hve yale, The Splat detec dina at etter, many vata tee, Vsti chi, lt an wet a tied oes of eae ne sere. You 0 Irate tin fr expe, a hs, mite ecm rats fe Tse hse lente eae ty cas be ved io nine mae actonat par. ora eatin ovale tc ac ty ibe ue of pone vals a Insite abe ton prt Sipot cep ha secre eag weet fn 9 of ni Sorat ins desta. Bosse wight ci val tbe ‘aed or tenia bine gar 8) Nae the te ean ine es Pst on ene what om as septs ete ern pis Foca me deep he ni ye pte oi tt ala tt tsocente topTeas or sR "Two ate fico yo commons arse: 1. When mss nconloou cb, sol be very ce in it ‘al esuenet for ile mii eeu pt le Isom nite suber pase vals, abs sin impel soerevecre heishw x nn ‘rr ott ere wnt aly ser 2 When mesg acoso ae each meen neg es ‘ler hat eine by tomar er exams pope sho ‘eto weg 50 pane cyt eu he we wep onee hy ae hare 150 gon Ou esn ny ty eis [Mit mathe ber 150.1 Ts, sere 150 ot pec pt sen sea fan ner fe Fg 1), T flew see of 50 ‘Roma ere of 1) 11, me up oun it one se cate ‘ete bd cd a tn et ae ane xy Daou betes art ce Tus ave of = 15 pou ly eat oad by ve eH of 129.5 ol fe eatin of 15 hep Aaya weg lee ase ‘allie wile ansped eof X= 150, ‘eal in a Doan of rizr ht ee pnd on ‘nooo be Ie Thee in vepraing wo ace se ‘tly aay bee he er ic creo i Tepper Feline te tp er a homer ea int ie bot “Tecoma ofall eet any meson of conn wise ve sent eam eee ae ot we murs Fen you ee mening (ine othe nares ethos er, he ness egies wold 310,31 519, and oon. Each thee ge soem neal te ‘nde ya Ie areal ose = 21sec inh ce til mean sina Sxl by lowering (elit oC 3.15 Renner the el nee nays ay been ae epte tern hi ok lia fr contrat gh vies a cvlins i cominins sens, Foro, hee, uo aie a fe seuy whenever ou ke neaiene ot oe shou te vos ow at dt colton regis tht we make metrenen ‘how sseraaneMeewsmct inverse caging ees Galiate ‘easrmene) or ng ser fo cartes he si tha nae ‘i’ a liv chara eas wea enone ec eel a shovel tgs ne sedeerm asec Srl tps of ss ae soi With mare The iio Uns ama hee een ewe ey ance te aon crn (oper of meron eat rt saa occ se apie ot cle on sme es Bt ston wher yo wee ced poop’ Tei exam, yucould menue grep of aba By spy een teins ee nega alto, an chr Hower spl clin ‘oid et yor mac soa teal eights fhe isn and es es {Sree weld ie yar eaaph formation sate tn toa ig be toes Atop he inl intention won et fs pp 0 {iets laren, ean fate sales mene, pag ‘th he sige and mv ote mh, “Te word nominee aving od with umes" Messen c usin ele Ios cating ini ez th Veet as Et ae hota each tern ay sytem my a nm if you wee eng {he mate majo « pp logs se ea wol be oy, bss, ey. on Fah tet ol ln none ey ‘Sti ois ere ne The nearness er nal ese low so ‘ere habe nol fen yo et ely ee be ee Sie dette dae emo renames “esi bog ane cnn spec tow mh dee he ste an logy ie etl of nom ee le csi pope yr ee, ‘woes, “noma sae oss of set fg at ave oe ame aurea o's lle abe ae ence cure, bt Tt Aho egies on 2 oi sale ae nt uate ves ey ee caval renee by nomfreFaceanpls even wastes beg ay ‘eed amber Yom en ist the tom ans ein et tnd nce ceeany ute rcs Renn 18 at cea an Roe 10 etsy nt pipers ity common oe ae ‘aca one far oni leper when at ete convo om=s Fe exalt cn fom sey aye als 0 wd ler oh ‘psn henner aes aes nl tps ay que eee Teele how oes atm nae uae Sis, “Teepe ht kp a8 oat seen ony hve fees ames oi oil al) ta orgie in ied oe consenting a rans | spe nora sae consis oa of ages i rand nan aed ‘espe: Mesures ot ee! se rosea ner ae ermesiute.(te, an tesa uss a eres ofranks ia enh nd a) ‘ete ae of fens hare. Osean th spe! ented by ‘era aes es med alae ees as tte In eras te a th exegesis Fetomlelaontip tween rari, With mates oma nal se {can des wheter oni et nd ou ce he [een dence. Hower, el metres 9 alow you tdi ‘he mipne fie diene bro ue indie resample ya ‘ine on eaing group mT ple nthe igh ing pe, ou Kn at ‘ims ter ear, you det i ow tar ar ie can er. sales ssc cs (per, ee, oe) a Tt ses al, ‘ee Inge Ini, cna ser fe edo ewe Yess fa ‘hc tif signenoeral ers Forage pol nnd Fetes ht nis ave weeping "ow tn ey percha re ‘Botan inal sale a ari see ei fc feb aegis (ike an ‘eal sae) wie lita ete at te af ei it ‘ath eal exe he sme eT he sl if ene cei of ne. es euler scth nes an rit xp ral nd oo ‘les te meen of tien ects, wiht in rend, rp ‘Segre Falntet Noe these co ee ar (Ly {eon pos Segre) the amen war it catdo te seleTe fh ie tease ese ar makefile to rne bth ee a te tn of he fee tte to meee Por ea ou ow sa Irae of Paso per han teu of do a ier 2 ihe “Theft th eet an it rm aici fhe exo lt. A neva ele has airy 20 pit. Tat the val Sigel parr loan othe sey sea of amen oe. {sence ep a ae of todos nol net at shee oe aie tring mene. For expe atenpertare af eis Faeet Sor ot meee Ait ee iso temperate, and iter ao probe epatnefmpng ret lower neal seks ith tary ee post we etl se. The fest ono exnoles he aren nd Csi pre ere amples ise sore ores blow pu an elie mews ch neo ‘etow aerpe atl ‘nto se iano by 260 pol it et abi bt hrs Ing vate erseing nove (cope tens) of be nthe beng eed. Sole moun fh wr tat can este he Ge Ts aes “tpsieteoapa meaarnesn es ts Fee ll vn ‘ssf secon asa peblen (0 ee) ake ice ss mh ie ‘cena wh eh ty 5a Set Wa tren de he ieee ie emo = ate Rai ses ue eon ad ‘eine psa mus such gan weigh wel ves aca oeTRAMPLE on ti cee uber of era ats. Tedisco einen neva sae ‘As ver cant of ered agra area of nc ‘he sme ie Wihan intr cl en dene eer ue he ‘le weet a iterece fn magi Hweesaro ngs rete Felt Wiha ser far do les aie of sie ‘Arsh bins mens of eight far goo ee hrs Iii ‘tees msar enh chs igh inchs, ig vale sch we ‘4,31, dwn, Tee nt semen conse le Ava of ‘ore wo ight boos ee) Ale, ipa tener. ‘at frm ae Po ap ci o O nc l ie ealo ‘in cl Now sos th reac coves te nl semen no ew by eet ewe benes ech sacl eit ed he rege geo ag peep. Act wos 1h lt te sap nw esa ee ‘th in aces hn avrg ate of Sy 9H isziehe shore tan verge gia sco of 2 The ow ee rs Inralwalf mean Ascot sr aa longer ae "i: ow ising mess nee he ‘Note arto i ofc vee eae a ou an tiffs o hal oer se Fa eae meh dance {nei between oye mae 57 nS i ao et sae eis te onc wns ben wo bs wba ese 9 a 13.08 tie son se, However oul sl teh ao comarons wt ii ont econ ee Fr expla amar rte is ‘ttle no mene. ar x pups of metre emp su hy nln ind esses en ae ae Fer xan you mesae Hoes {era pol stant pombe he sve afore pop. OF ‘ie er an if or ero he scale maj for sts on ato om et ene (Wat ii eof spc ann ah ae nto chery ee The at mj of te sate ques eset ‘snk ses omar sae fms aa a ea Ft ct Sil appa h di even antl seu ose ct Inpernebrus ath ser pce nes alc at el compe i ‘esr on tal eal sakes ply ot a as nex come wits many bases tins cfr alae ‘stl ecb ec fr nt fom sialon er eae tem fr tome mene ae in Ch} oe Speco (har an he ge eso Cheer 1.1. Th oat fond earn la tn ik. Wh tof wars ene ei tk? 2 The Scot Aleve Test GAT rt ty meres apia a sly ca percept of fai ees, apts ms esi eno ties tien poop of ple anges sos, oy Si ee Stipe tora epson nemreon si) el 4. A msc tai te stot tt echo ayes cole {ohare The aoe eanber of lie, sa (Geto | Aninveigaaslso oce aon ty canes Whe Ags ie (tence ele 6 0 en mening weight eae pad wt he i fr Nes ming npn Se meee a i re FB stansticat novation escent of bebo Wi pow dt comped of sumer vas ‘Taeuber frm th ai ofthe expt Soe ota ae, “Tare ina nt aon yen etal pects ait ese. stems neste mental eet, Some gre ent er ‘as, stn, a alga me ened ihe ei tan of Aen ‘Teisabo asi aesnet exam (p. 9) 0p oa See ata ou nec (tabs math eve Her ites ts at sed {toupour his took Insect chp, sta! tate wl be ede at Mang bso ef een varie ly ves Sars fr sabe scare se he aang ote ced {ne soy Scores far parc able tent by tat Fa ne si pete in jou ais cases mcs tot yx ota Seti ten we lds ts k= 35 hse dcr can be frened na a ht headed by For expat ge ef css ght be [eee Stave dhe ma he ae aa one). "Wor norton re mae fore vats eos aah ‘Hal cberations or perp’ et nies ese) a weit ess {rea em epee sr shown he magia he doable etn he). Enc e¥, ropen the cei deo singe papaead ee Ics so wef spect bow may sae an We il ee oper ete ren the mer ses pops an oer eer 0 ‘epee! te maierf ors spl Tae homies ok you ‘wt ta we ate emote! sores Usagi tween seme od Poplin, Forth ight an elt ane peeing len = faba "Be Natt by sng erat rm eign ese a Saale ‘uy oft panos rein sts ae ang at ace Rec "ie roves edo equa, tel mon ed tao sm bet of er The Gc le spo 3 me fo sana tenn, Te evn 3X mene oil hs for vale X Te sme sna Fata" os, 2 ee aft oes" Pere lw Bk red Tose nmin ation ey pe mid ello pos 1, Toe sumatn sin 3 als lowe by spsal ematet exes ‘on Tie go er exes ene wie ver ete ‘amir Toconjte Hr xan beige mmo ‘Sgn dens to find he some eX ates One ran. mie ZC ~ 17 te summation in five y el com ‘sual expe, o yur ett ie a Ge ‘se nt a en tes 2. The nemmaton proses on in wih sve ther tens op ti sh as pion a ing Teeth core aes te ‘tn ht flv eens be nen caret expe Falowng ‘stsowig te amet rer of operon ar ptong aerate oer ‘cows Mos ofthis sha bt oust ete ht we ve Ins te sno rocer a fe out pti inthe i, Order Mathemato Operations 1 Any clean cna wii teste oe fis, 2 Sqn (eng the epee end 1 ihing nae igi doe A seri of mapion an lr operios tol dnc in re ome ie 4 Sumas igh otto dens ly, ay ober akon aor asa one ‘The tonng xaos demons how wnt in wl be we nek te sions and emu we wl pet in i bok ‘Asef oar acre cos fv 3,17 We wl compte 3,213 (32) se es. T lp Jans lean, we ve cower empties ign sere ls) in fet= Bere ‘Aiea oles ca ese do show aoe a yb ee in iecalion The eo te et shows te gure ses he Yale) ae oleh compne St “Teint eit, 3 Joes once ny aeons gms, emai cation tow ocak maton operate, The male edn he Fito he tes eng er in resem Seed b 1474s “Tocompe 31 fe cant sof opntios ist ye ah soe ed hen ‘er reas sid on gaig (he et ep th cation The eon Step finde sa of aed ves, se snp a chemi ie “Teal nein, YF, cae pret, he at steppe ‘he aston ise be eis. Ts, e fist Fd 3X ap thes eae he Sm Bas, we comptes X= 15,50 eax = ust =235 ‘We ae he sie st of far soe fom aan} an campus 0 — 1a HN 1} Th allowing compel bl wil ep Sonam heel 3 2 Tiss And i @ Sn ‘ 3 1 Bombe Dae ‘Toconpte 3X ~ 1. he it et pecs th prin ine te patho Thane besa by scone at rm eh eX wc The eae “let alten tem ote ne, Te sex ep a8 Ola sa y=240 464 ‘re cakalon of SX ~ 1 ou tte tps Tet tp Gide pete se) is stenet yi on et aa Te el om hte on (tee coun ofc carta! ae The ean sep isto sue echo het vale The em hi tep eso te il nar of ie (ehh nl tepid he =) vant ee Bor F404 36490Nets ht his cates gusing ef sming, A coron met i toate we tities heal Besa Inst opens amp nny ti ting he mp open sl ae be a Sees ‘Wisp pment o ulipictin e ftp e uornn. “Ta, ne beg by cooing 3 Baler we fund BE = 15 To vex eps ‘oat one ol om he wa Fr bod, he econ acre. Wah hepa he ling ompao e ¥il fonoue SH RYeane 2.” iz “Ton imply wl eve ecole Bees tieT eis a “ocompue BAY he fs sep sw nuly ts ¥ foe iia. The ‘ating reduc OF a) ied the deta of be aly, We se pss ein Bar=is¢a4anea—st‘ng ory icing it Scie ein aly concer tn th ‘Stes etel ca oe tae {iam et tpl Seclnienes Aa Sepa cl sa ‘dutta sets op ‘evenly pee ofcmapandeg epi snc ew yal oe eps t ‘tine wisica spn The wy ca ‘ale stage ‘Peso mi ny rari Scans eer Ine epoca vt (end il rie slate le ret el red rt sti sping enor pemin vaste ‘apie naan omits fags ht fe oly me an we fete a eso mapa w den siren mon at ‘pie tac) wen eres aly fas maeieen rales hs ps Ra see lt at We ‘sno Adc vite oe dca ae ay ie ‘Spe Acoso ail ca ie tore been sto omer a Ropero eromat =e Snoskoeenmeee {aoa vie be, Feopescer ses Sipser 1 hee sig id Uitksarer” Smee mien ean (ikea orp anne dnt ee i oop ‘ec malpyepsasy sre hsn cmp spt eatinsxe sis esTUTOR heed ie lowes i gene condes rite ‘oe Wafer oing Coney pir weit nig ices fc ‘ey corn nook ec sean aa tpn tele ‘Sparea‘Gx to cnet se ike Sei Hel open ‘Stender ef Revue Ns Ses nd Rs tes Shit on te wi ceo ‘henge ol sa eh ce oe Bok Rance youl fad sn ois Wag fa Cp het wenop fate os of seme To gett cs ne evap ae es lens mF be ge oro ‘Ate a fetch cht ne nin oa he Wd etre Api ae ical ut free hc a i ly ou wen ei oy ‘anal hcp ec (ing thie Te Wott ccs eum of Chee eg ete rng comme coe dung ne ‘nas aoe ‘he sil Pca fo Soa Scenes, ao a SIS, conn pon ‘peo mofetil aaah preset nar Sry via ey ng oe pn et ‘cs PS sya py on wing SSG rm (ea cprtinr pends oe ne,FOCUS ON PROBLEM SOLVING 1. tay te sing smn ttn yo oe Ht son sn they towed yal erp expescn for example SY er3 3) ‘Distal peter ten vans yo stow spl ec oi le prin ales cm ro siya themmbes hecobe To God 213) emmpa tat aNade wh (G-Spot Lee ae th ef he 2 Ge man i eit gin man en scot rea pox 2 een For example, computing SCC ~ 1) regi thee seps oe prodess compete ata wh es cols Ge mpl), STEP 4 The fn spine aetna fn sh XA san i to he ‘Spon te stack be as STEP 2 Thesecom pis see ~ 1a Agu se en le it STEP 2. Tiesto ictal te (C~ 1 wats soyeusony ae amb he ot ein ‘eet stone 3) pte seplenaner Ale He er fre Solas as cnpnig war hi ese DEMONSTRATION 1.1 Fete du ld he tig rae at DUMP eb @aees © xa—2 Compute 3 To compte 3, ne singly ald al fe asap. ete eet sse9esedem mate sty ing vio teFind emcee 2% Sp ‘Weta nny dace e342 Seng he ein ax = asp = 704 Computex? Coating tata he ad sae, 33% les Wo “The tea tailed by canting comune able Toe fest isthe bang Fmt hres Ts eel hee a ‘couse sate ae och ere Fr ti tanh ce te thay Ted easton de ace ne cle Baw 49481 425+ 16-0 Compute 3x +5 pulpal ‘th cnt ote fom sep "ls wed tte un of cree 28, or +5 cn ie wing Compute 3 ~2) ‘Tossed nex wi ene ‘shia —2 tem ig nent in pes are Dale, cb nt oe by ig campo eww alas eu Presta “Tame ewe fr 30 ~ 2) we esse 2, zyDEMONSTRATION 1.2 compute EY Tsp inte ht we iy hsm of by eePROBLENS ie tel at ein 2: ui ts pop napa xa 2. ey he bec at sng he 4. aie upping re Be at Yor Sten ser mid 5 gr ng ih aa «Aseptic wh ne eae asin ci SSSI ep one rn 7. Aderdapneal psecogt cnt eee ‘ly oom eryt e Srro tye Syed ery nee? play ye 1 Asorter song sen poses mnie ‘itn of bes teeta pesado he soda doe vee ‘iy: lhe pt eee 2: Ace win in ot ag ‘ts emp po ser oe te ‘i ding peal arse ep es Fic pe pl The marc ee were Beshittal gions sen ay pnt vaio iy Wier ofan io a ‘cai mehr pt 4 Mates) meted beg eed expen cress ate ptt a ain en tec Recut EE ofc 1. Dine a dee ie shew as 1 Ate ae rf es rh 1 Arse oping ea of eon eye ne pomp of pele vend Xt Sher gg ses bend TW us eo iceland Sel patina re 2 Nt npn in iy, 1 arith ete vie a his, Somatic. tuemee ADEE agen rue Eelcmgureton arn Bis tariesnea ecm Sora TSS Seta aenne a ime se fe eine rec 1S, Ammar ert ow ch ae ech pee SerS anced ty alo meee ig es‘ots sosina is yin ne Sse ty oe Recent eet ‘wall be yoy an al sa ee 1. Buhihow cre auch ts 1, Faron snes dhe le sh © Ger 4 Pecan) 2 19, Tost Xander of = ‘Sipe Fortnae ca dee ae te wie Saye hip AS Ingen — Sth Gn ef eed 1 Find evo te sae and en ge 21 a motion xp eh a eo 1. Stns poet sce and gu oe fe Tet ai ne gd vac «ela tata 1 nt ya ssi Sacer coeuarnace. ns Be Rae ~ GEA ae =~ 2, Fete towing et of Oa ee ch ebr+3) 3 oS =zi _—= CHAPTER ‘Tools You Will Need “ne following tent ae considered eet aigound mate thst yo items, you should review the appropriate ‘haper oration before proceeding + Proportions (math review, Append: A) Decimals + Scales of measurement (Chapter: Nomina ordinal itera and ratio + Continuous and dscrete variables (Gtapeer + Real is chapter 1) Frequency Distributions Preview 21 Overview 22 Frequeney Distribution Tables 23 24 25 26 Frequency Distribution Graphs The Shape of a Frequency Distribution Percentiles, Percentile Ranks, and Interpolation Stem and Leaf Displays Summary Focus on Problem Solving Demonstrations 2.1 and 22 ProblemsPreview Senate eimacntrenritymnms Sethe eae ide ake oe cc we tet le he oni aes osama tpn te eammoneercmm ce, Sacicrenemmremat, Lgceatieuercent Esahstempan wiSiepsteendaermcrss "iterate cacuges sheniateitectcote Selon arise Eoeiniectitinwyrs teeming Secrenaceauettmnesets* So attire istectifitmemesstam” feroeagieeemonanee Scoreecemterettee yhiuamimeseemrntct Eeltieiimmaer een Gndbercacsiemcimae Side aut Snare Somcncicrmen fekivededomnnd Sckunsioees. itcoinhiosennmnmme =e =a ‘pl hae ed bos sen nano lptae n te e e usa eaten Pap wrth pn i cola afte Sha wae es ace ‘ty ech up Hype er Sect ald etalon vette oe af ae eaee nite TTesae seedy rare seoEBL overview ‘Whe rarer sth at cleson te fm gene th i ly como pes of pubes The ames pen he ah 0 [pate ess no sone copebessiMe fan ha ny end un ae be ‘Heneny af cmon ers hth ob sine sti oi ‘yh oto esounlon oe Oo he on coment or ‘airing as of dan ope te ene eure dato DEFINITION — Altequne dtibton an orp line of he ender oi ‘isis net copy onthe ea of mene teu dso ks a Ged tof cores an pe a In oe ‘eotighot loves gpg tpt al indiana soe se If Aetighat cue ~ 10, oretanpl be ney dabten pepe ogee all th senate en ess. Tas feu Stan ‘eachertoare"ts glance” ct tf ces sha wh a se oe feel gh elo, het hey we cnet I ape ee prado ca eet sek, al gel roves nephew ong ie oi ot a en ate sore ‘iran stn obese! sera le em ph at a ‘ie Ete ditt pete ane wo eles 1. Toe fee tat ake 9 gh es 2 word fh egy or umber of inn ac eg. “sy aun stun pee cnt of ow endl {ibm momen le bene cman gues Bon FEL rreauency oistrisurion tastes “Tesi Eeuecydaton se eth meson wl by ing ‘fat ssn pres Xv cl fom pes lows ee ‘Sek rau te eqeany oe neo it ht pra ‘rene eccrine ently sean sear being fort Secs an ans belo hegre. Ax malo 9 easy ‘atone low ak smo TRAMPLE P¥ The ftloving ato ~ 20 set wa sie om 0p tts io. We ‘sllrancethere sme by ensigns tn ae Se BOER LE GRE DE MAKOA TAS"AFREQUENCY 1, The is soe X= 1 he et sre X= 4. There Ft col fhe be il Is eis nt make pe en af mee ‘ae vues fom Oso 04 Rote ha al pov ee Ita he ale Fr ex no ne daa of 3 at fa Ince. Witla ner erat sale aes hi ‘rer sul gh loves Fors mia ee neg canbe 2, Te requ soviet eh soe eared i eon saa, For ‘sang, pope sere af = shee inthe cle bese ee Because ble pie ses, tips ose very ke snr spire For came tee wae aly wo pet sc, nt ost fhe css sgh pte (ss) Wiese xen ie ee of X= 4), agp a Notoe hat eX vasa pene abate he ae of ‘shrine ult fe Forel ¥en ae TO aly oe tnt th guy soso nth ee yo al- esol 1A to Xs nate of X= te gues) ae Inds ht no acl see X= 8. "Yorslo shal otc at equi an eed fine ta der ot seo ne dala By sing wp the fegsors, oe vl an te y=N ‘Thee may te tines wen yo ed cont te sm ofthe so, 3% oe iter cpa fot ef ae ltr vedo ses is baron tS eases on psec ese many stents nd 0 ‘Srged he sues an weeny he es ne aan he abe weer. it i eva th you soe afro in bts be els he Fedor ob he ls of see ‘Wins ecesary opto atin forse hat hve ee aie io s ety statin ae he set cedar ft te ini so at {le ee You ela my competons Conse te Feeney Seton lblefr samo Thee show ah tion at ten sven sd soon If yousinly sal ete eka coe, te ona ene eed eats sch fang 2X of 24 Ne ath comps tomas = Ey = 29 snes a yo Is Sha ena 20 vals. Fer expen cme 3X os at 20 RES HIESHOFOFOF OFFS EL SEES BE ES. Forth dain Example 2 yas oho 3 = 158 Ty youre. Sia 9 tain 31 yousngy sue ech of Oe 2 scr elo geared aes, DOSER ER Pee sees ‘This y sow obtain 3 = 128,row comp oie Anabenave wn tp fom agen tien abl muy ech ey i eotey and he i tae prods Ths sem may be expe in pmo at 3/ The capation seared flv for he Ga i rn) $2 fienenualia ft ft teoner a omer wich mate oe we Not, he gra pm at ou me "tamu ieee eqs oon non othe ron eX 1 dich te bv co af ety dae, he er me ‘Shes esse een of ses aes ener ae Tc ‘east conor ate poption td pnts ‘roprton esos be faction eal up iat is asin wie soe {taal 2 te wee won wt X= Ta 2 ot of 3p a X_Gsote renin tbe 010 gre Reppert ccs ak £ ‘eau proportions eset enn (/a lion he atl abe ey ches av ced ie feurcies Alteath poprtant eat epee fac SS Am yea Aer Bran 22). aon sng ounce (a pops (7) secs fin dese ‘citsbuon ef oe wih pereogesFeretanp sce might doa th ‘es ofa xm ty alg tt 1 of seed Ai, 298 Bd wc To ‘Smee ese sro wth ech co, on inde pein) poe =r =f cet a te laced euency abo be by wg 2 ele ent ih Go Examgle22)“GROUPED FREQUENCY ‘Serco be ‘Seton ae roe Nghe Iowa “Te fqueney sib alm Example 2. pated ee, This ine we te edna showing sn) a es (8) oid 2 ‘ida rs na teques cae ble Foreanpy tof xa se ages Fromalowet = it toa high 9 Tise cece aang ne a0 ye wee st al te nn sere Fon X = 96 ora o X= 6 wo tke Sows wo compte he easy stn te Aboph hs wal ep ea inp its thule wa gn cemterone. Rema Foros frcostatig sale toot ray sgl oa {hu Th cn te scone! by prop th sc lt al 9d Ge ang {tetera then of ing eh nls sie Preamp, me a {mint tale swing aor f sesh sie the Ses er with crs in he i and oo. The eae gre gnc dr. ‘cin blebs we a peseing poms af ss ie nial vale. ‘he pops reas, led liter “thew ever is hat ep guide oui te cnsttin of pooped snc don Thee sma be onl ples te on Seam bah lr ssn wtp ely “Te gvpe gue tone shld so 1 nea atin ethan 10a bennett the up fecury dation en he et ha yo tet fo nto in ‘ele sfouton abt he teh te Ae xt, ome Ina ble won ot oe eying tot ote res eta. Kemet eset sey ein ops roca he ‘i Wit ow ete many ner hee wl ove pte You ‘hou ett 1 ners gra gis we osecng loo Micka faresamae, you ay wl vnc 8 Ge tetas ‘ernest ropa yoy wa 12 1 in nah ar ‘psc lets ee ee aed “The with ef ech ine shold ea aey sgl er. ar exe, 2 5 Wher a wea god cote othe er Wil Nate i ey otvoy tet —lnen 1 ‘eu eit ‘neten ata Soe 1 Sec 0 Tee ms ee aorta ann i pone renee ‘ze lly ou ve ile ee. ‘Toe oto ere neh its irl sul be a ip he wd yn ae ‘slg wth 10 yin, fo xan he tls tat 1,230, Altra eth ae wll Thy sold coe thangs of 8 on iy an etm rep a ay a sos ey “Tee selon of ee let ete in ample 23, ‘A star ha bined te et 1 ~25 xa aes ee, To ep oe "ets sou, we il le the a equ dene te, The ese 25 SL a 8 Sh 94 BH OF a ee ee ee) ‘The ist tpi detemie he range of oes, Fa es lhe salt ae isX'= Sande ge seis X=, 0 alo Devs Wal be ceded es teat insane ne. Reine #0 wos wt eve &snle I ew ie grou the ees no cs et “Thetford god tera wi sytem lane ‘spr th is Ian Zoey, Acad fae me wa at {Dm eng tre 2, nate tral wh ea Se ane. Foe thieaplthoresconera age 2 po 50 we ly see le ‘nr wit sex how many eres oni ge Fo cae iEetry anh 2 how my bas oul coer the rng of oe ‘Witheach ner ony? oar we we wo ed 21 ner cones th ge ‘sie ny Wow etm eval wf Wat nt iho 107 Tae felon ie bv bow nya wold be nee rae pn ite ‘Nee ha ime wth of wl en ot 10 eh, ih xy ‘Tose tal eit th nea The nent cr Fr te ait X= Sie hele nl hol con vale Besa ti acral tayed ap fs bata scr eval yall 094 Neat fe era oti fie yes S'S Se zi does ve hf, Teas md Santo 6. the coop ony ain ‘Gece cs nev re ise yo complet he ay lg sca at ‘regent, propor tenga he une clustone et See ag ces asset Te femney ‘Sto te equ STIUTIONS ‘he pmb fire wn er in tt ie iti a i x: Ip rw he dew oth 6 ss e (isc create oe Tae 22), nly youhcl ent afr sre en ple noe ae, yn frat abut te ps ve my nda sere Fo tae Tile 22 shows ht se pon od asco tween 8 ltt he le ee tiny ext ersten ge he nrc clas ans "he mar infomation ot Tbe 22 er wit oe te ‘Shows thre thee ork ith co in lors soe pron with ‘Scare per Ta nraion wold ene rath a ‘eased to 0 oi. Witham intra wih of Ia fh rol be pope teeter in ane intra lee, Te ule wel sw suey oar ‘plinth ara ond We cs ea Sper dle rte ower Rec fom Chap tomo reir anit nar ob ‘ssadeanbeepeseteby cause ine tt commas don tit Sober of pos Hover her conten rare ese, eng ‘escemen cones ert cts sare bran sal pte, Pot ‘amare of = 8 fort cna varietal oer ed unde! te ele 75 9883, Th egy Sco ne showing oguency finial aig aso = dos ot ean bl ice ‘vine ba exaty theta eset, you sll ele it ee estonens esp ewe ibe tne incre betes 7 an 83 “Toe conepf al ins tho pert cae ral os ped gescy “Ssibuon ble a etl 40-9 cons ae =D toX 49. These ves acai appre ints oe eral tea Rapp tht om he wpe mer ours fr ce tel = A Ita inal fn 19 0.403. inl, = 49 ann am 185 0 895 ‘hee wl ims the eral ae 38.5 he lower i) ah $98 he ‘ese iy Nie ta he hier hs ineral 0-9, wh bs oe ‘ll of 9... he seas met athe 8, te 3 gt inthe ve Yo su hoi tes hate wish ech on lone let rn en you omer ello nl. Fora ei ‘el SPS hel eof 0.5 nd 45h ane bere he wee ls (Span isthe te nerve4. Mice etalon cme ina eqn atstn ae RULASE HS LAA? 2, eto ees rages fo igh of X= 126 ow of X= 6 5 Hap wy & oul wt eerie phy te sas in esl fren sian tle ‘by, Darin what ewe wih met pp rap fgnegy ‘Sat orm ce Wha ng f ves Wont em te tam er th ge te? 3 Find als fo 0 2 and 12 forte pope wae he flag + Wing eae tin een 2 many tio pa ih hi tal i 5 asa era) mip bp {thee ae = 1D serge tel 2 Toa os al a {Been 14-3 Toa Syne oe cao sos este ‘Sue ase Yash 1 toma en Yn oy anand ppe aEBL rreauency pisrmaution crarns A egeey dba gph tase psu of he ination ave in frp dtibatin We wilco sore ace per ef ut bt all {tot to perpen ines ele aver Te snl Ie ale te Xa, fete ce Toe eral ine Ici he Fan oe rate Th mene Sale to ve) ited lng ie Xai sessing ie oT ‘eee tied te Fs mena a an tn, We cones an he nsec A El gna le ht he pp sdb cn Sec oh i ii (ma) i pie mr eee Ie at, Vii egies can etn grip ges maces petted Bord TT GERPRETRDTERVAT Tin raps a ewer sind oe ve With umes! scons at ‘ORAANIOOATA tive ea acneed ono tl rio ual of msec The We pe [op nthrctmpry eal’ gran on poor Hsograms_ To const soprano fs st he esses ete fcr tra ne Te Jo das he Thi oft ar corey tthe ec a ht ages The wh ofr extend ote eH eaten. Bea a en ote el fer echoes alae ba wach at tera no user or ppe bowen bt An anf Rogan shown a “ede ea eel is ch inet a a cont ey ut em by digest ira ae so a ‘endo ee tel ee i ie owes eet ‘alate haha tea Ts pcos een gon be etal dn ae dely med ota saa Al 1 ta, whecrer pon, he wits esuenet we ps fr exam Fieme 3 ows a dbo figs mer int. Fly. te Nest arn Pe 2 ant It al pn eh sing on 0 i ging po csi gp cel an 4 ak tee es 50, ekg at sone scaes ave ee, ‘A moi bison gh modican the atonal iopem ods ‘ery ony a pie euler sho enya ned [hang a be enc ee the tion cmt of eating ack sta tack epee one iil othe su fas tee scr aves offen forth soe You ay sa ine at oe SEE py he Bev ein of i ir Anie cap se "Nee hath seo ost neh sk mals it ey ye the sl tenn fo ech etary In sien rey a eat lero {ney fom oe egy ante In Fgwe orem eyo a