Pengantar

Kartografi untuk Komunikasi

“The nature of maps and their use in science and society is in
the midst of remarkable change that is stimulated by a
combination of new scientific and societal needs for geo-
referenced information and rapidly evolving technologies that
can provide that information in innovative ways. A key issue at
the heart of this change is the concept of ‘visualization.’”
MacEachren (2002)

“Seeing is
Knowing”
Pengantar visualisasi
Pengantar visualisasi
• Visualisasi memungkinkan kita untuk:
• Memahami makna jutaan informasi di dalam
sebuah bentuk visual
• Menginterpretasi arti informasi ini
• Melalui penggunaan data yang multi dimensi dan
data animasi, dimungkinkan untuk menampilkan
informasi yang sebelumnya tidak kelihatan
Apa yang dimaksud Visualisasi?
• Apakah visualisasi adalah aktivitas yang dilakukan manusia?
• Apakah visualisasi adalah aktivitas yang dilakukan komputer?

• Visualize:
• “To form a mental image or vision of …”
• “To imagine or remember as if actually seeing.”
Tujuan Visualisasi Data

• Menyampaikan informasi lebih cepat

• Visualization is a term with many meanings
(MacEachern, 1995). "Visualization" may mean two things:
• Use graphical element to display results
• Use 2 or 3 dimensional graphics to display data
Graphical element to visualize data: Variabel Visual
Static visual variables
• Size (used to show changes in value
• Value
• Texture/Grain and Color – used as a accent or change in perspective
• Orientation
• Form
Dynamic visual variables
• Moment
• Duration (unit of time a frame is displayed)
• Frequency (numbers of time forms are displayed)
• Order (time sequence)
• Rate of change
• Synchronization (correspondence of series)
Pengantar visualisasi ilmiah
What is scientific visualization?

"Visualization, is the process of transforming raw data into a

displayable image.” Visvalingam (1994 )

To visualize is “to form a mental image or vision of…” Spence (2001)

Scientific visualization serves two
purposes:
• Help scientists and engineers solve problems.
• Explain and promote a particular science to a
wide audience.
The past …
Maps from the past

The oldest known map: Konya town,6200 BC

Anaximader’s Map of the World

The Ptolemy world map, written circa 150 BCE.
Napoleon's 1812 March to Moscow

Multi-dimensional map shows size of the army, location,

direction of movement, time and temperature.
Dynamic maps…
• In 1959 Thrower mention the audio-visual communication
possibilities.
• Walter Tobler developed first animation by using 3-D computer
generated map
Technological advancement in
visualization techniques
Technological advancement in visualization
techniques
• Impact of computer
• Increased processing power
• Internet
• High quality graphics
• VRML (Virtual Reality Modeling Language)
• Animation
Examples
Visual geospatial data exploration
An interactive map as index of other information
Views from an electronic multimedia atlas

Examples from Microsoft’s Encarta 2000

VRML environment
 The role of visualization in
cartography in today’s world
The role of visualization in cartography
• Communication
• Exploration
• Processing
Communication
• Cartographic visualization relies on the use of maps to communicate
cartographic ideas.
Exploration
• Our dominant sense - sight allows us to explore data sets.
• Use of cognitive process of the mind
Processing
The evolution of GIS and Visualization
GIS
• Geographic Information System (GIS) is a combination of operation
and tools for exploring and analyzing geospatial data.
• It is used to build maps in “more” real time
Geovisualization
Concerns about:
• Representation of geospatial information
• Integration of computational and visual methods
• Effective interface designs for geovisualization tools
• Usability of geovisualization for various application.
 The future
• Internet
• VRML (Virtual Reality Modeling Language) and GeoVRM:
• Animation
• Personalized maps

Geovisualization is use to solve

traffic problems
Example of GeoVRML visualization