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(Electro Cardiogram)
Types of IHD:
1. Stable angina /chronic stable angina.
2. Acute coronary syndrome (ACS).
(i). Unstable angina.
(ii). ST elevated MI.
(iii). Non ST elevation MI.
**)C.S.A:- ECG→No signeficent change(ST depression
থাকতে পারে, এবং T inversion থাকতে পারে)
ECG paper:-
1. Vertically(Height):- a).1 Large Square =5mm
b).1 Small Square =1mm
2. Horizontally (Duration):-
a) 1 Large Square =0.20 second
b) 1 Small Square =0.04 second
LEAD:
Total lead of ECG= 12 lead
1. Limb Leads(06):- a)Bipolar---- i, ii, iii
b)Unipolar---- aVR, aVL, aVF
a).Bipolar limb leads:- lead~i =বাম হাতের (+),ডান হাতের (-)
উপরের দিকে ২.৫ ছোট ঘরের বেশি হলে এটাকে Tall P wave বলে।
Tall P wave is called "P' pulmonale /right atrial
hypertrophy /enlargement(due to
Corpulmonale, COPD)
"Q'- WAVE
Character of Normal "Q' wave:-
b) Small " Q' wave may be present in i, ii, aVL, V5, and V6
---এটা নরমাল।
c)নিচের দিকে ২ ছোট ঘর (2mm/2 small sq) পর্যন্ত নরমাল এবং
পাশাপাশি ১ ছোট ঘর(1mm/1small sq)পর্যন্ত নরমাল।
"R'- WAVE
Character of Normal "R' wave:-
a)It is the first positive (upward) deflection.
b)"R' wave usually small (<1mm) in V1 and V2. It
increases progressively in height in V3 to V6.("R' wave is
small in V1 and V2, tall in V5 and V6)
Normal Height of "R' wave:-
a) V1, V2 <1mm.
b) aVL <13mm.
c)aVF<20mm.
d)V5 and V6 <25mm.
(if " R' wave is >25mm, it is always pathological).
Abnormalities of "R' wave: " R' wave may be........
1)Tall. 2)Small.
1. Cause of Tall "R' wave:-
a)Left ventricular hypertrophy--- if " R' wave in V5 or
V6>25mm, aVL>13mm, aVF>20mm).
b)Right ventricular hypertrophy---if "R' wave in...
V1>7mm.
2. Cause of small "R' wave:-
a)Incorrect ECG calibration(standardization).
b)Obesity.
"T'- WAVE
Character of Normal " T' wave:
a) T wave normally chest lead এ 10 ছোট ঘর এবং limb
leads এ 5 ছোট ঘর পর্যন্ত নরমাল।
ST- SEGMENT
Character of Normal ST Segment:-
a)End of "S" to the beginning of "T" wave.
HEART RATE
Cardiac axis
*) Cardiac axis abnormality টা দেখব lead i, ii, iii এ।
Acute MI:
Diagnostic criteria:- (ECG changing)
a)ST elevation (More than one lead)
b) Pathological "Q' wave
c) T inversion. (V1, V2, aVR - এ T inversion normal)
HEART BLOCK:-
Dfination:- Interference of conduction process of heart is
called heart block.
1. First Degree Heart Block:- ECG finding:-
a) Prolonged PR interval (5 ছোট ঘরের বেশি)
***)"P'- WAVE:-
a) Height(2.5mm)--- R.A.H
b)Wide(2.5mm),Notched & Biphasic--- L.A.H
c)Inverted--- Dextrocardia.
d)Absent--- A. Flutter, A.F, V.A, V.T, SV.T
***)" Q'- WAVE:-
a)Deep (2mm)--- Old MI.
b) Wide (1mm)
***)"R'-WAVE:-
a)V1 &V2(<1mm)--- if R in V1>7mm--- R.V.H
b)aVL(<13mm), aVF(<20mm), V5 &V6(<25mm)---if R in
>13,>20,>25----L.V.H
c)Small R in--- Incorrect Calivation & Obesity.
***)"T'- WAVE:-
a)Chest.L.H(10mm)--- Hyperkalemia(if large)
b) Limb.L.H(5mm)--- Hypokalemia(if small/ nill)
c) V1, V2 & AVR- এ inverted normal--- MI/ IHD(if
Inverted)
***)ST Segment:-
a)Elevation(Chest-2mm, Limb-1mm--- ST-E-MI/ Acute MI.
b)Depressed(1mm in both)--- NST-E-MI.
***)PR- Interval:-
a)(3-5mm)--- if prolonged-- Heart block(1st degree)
b)(3-5mm)--- if short--W.P.W.S
***)RR- Interval:- Heart Rate
***)QRS- Complex:-
a)Height (<25mm)--- LBBB (V5 & V6).
b)Wide (<3mm)--- RBBB (V1 & V2).