- ‘poU Diploma Chemical Experiment-1 im: Introduction to safety, introductiot The prime purpose se of any business i wrch development opportunities ay wel Be tar money profits are used methods of financing . elp safety and for product am production programmed. ese why safety necessary? The full cost of acci : ident is operating expends ultimately take cont raises Hee peered bY insurance and never absorbed into raises. The shelling price and is passed to customer for that reason and many other chemical s4 safe vndusty ty can be an economic aid to a far wider field than chemical Safety Safety is defined as . penween man and his yates je Poriies organized program based on knowledge of the reaction bere and sociological los ng environment which aids business enterprise by minimizing human es caused by injuries , fires explosion and other occupational accidents. jents: ‘An accident is an unpleasant interreet tion to prod f snags to present material etructure or eaicat productive effort usually accompanied by loss 0} Chemical in any form can be safely stored handed or use if physical, chemical and hazarded property are fully under screwed and necessary pre caution inluding the use of proper safe guard and personal protective devices are observed. Perhaps the most important reason the chemical industries has progress so far in safety is that ithad to. It naturally has more complex safety problems. Then any other industries. Because hazards are not as naturally recognizable to ithe worker as are the hazards of machine shops. The new workers must be carefully educated in the characteristics of the material which he is working and he must be given proper training science the material. He controls are usually the changes gaining a progress. It must be able to interpreat the message provided by the instrument He must be always influenced by the realization that any influtaion of safe operating procedure dent having injurious consequence not only to him between-also to his Ac onhis part may provide an acci follow worker. Influence of safety on productivity: ‘ It is difficult to establish a direct relationship between saftey and productivity could almost ff increase indu certainly indicate the extence 0 siries efficiency and further that combination of low ent by any industries organization. / | Pose of attain ndertaken by the opinion research corporation USA two significant aspects were analyzed. 1. harder and fastest peoP 2. The grater the productivity the been found to be were accurate ¢ output greater the likelihood of man accident ork higher ths if a ies ances that there willbe accidents the second viewpoint has higher productivity and safely £0 hand in hand. the following constitute initial factors: i jon between safety and productivity ei cn ns am cn» hm safety. Industrial Safety and Env! ronmental Engineering (DK-319) *DDU Diploma Chemical 2. Employers mood is better in a productive plant and as a result there is more positive responsible for safety activities. 3. Inhighly efficient moderative operation not only management but employers as well as are able to isulise the long relationship of output and safety. , Enlightened offers to upgrade output through better utilitation of man and machine are found to improve safety and help improve efficiency and productivity. Objective of safety: * To protect public, * To reduce damage to property. To limit effect of immediate incidents, To provide competent coordination. To provide factual data to press, radio and ty. To provide immediate notification to shipper. To anthorative jurisdiction. Causes of safety: ‘* Insufficient information about property of the chemical ‘* Neat proper design of equipment and building, ‘© Unskilled person worker work in the industry.DDU viprnee Cucina Experiment: 2 'sasters in industry, Flixborough, England The accident at Flixborough, ported (0 any great Bein an, occured on a Saturday in June 1974. Although it was not United Kingdom. As a result of the a cei ithad a major impact on chemical engineering in the ccident safety achieved a much higher priority in that country. The Flixborough works of N caprolactam, a basic raw material forthe | slice has properties similar to gasoline. Unde ATM), the cyclohexane volatilizes immi ned to produce 70,000 tons per year of € production of nylon. The process uses cyclohexane, which the process conditions in use at Flixborough (155 ¢ and 7.9 lediately when depressurized to atmospheric conditions. The proci fealieaarndi ae the accident occurred consisted of six reactors in series. In these reactors oo len to cyclohexanone using injected air in the presence of a catalyst. The liquid reaction mass was gravity-fed through the series of reactors, Each reactor normally contained about 20 tons of cyclohexane. Several months before the accident occurred, reactor 5 in the series was found to be leaking. Inspection showed a vertical crack in its stainless steel structure. The decision was made to remove the reactor for repairs. An additional decision was made to continue operating by connecting reactor 4 directly to reactor 6 in the series. The loss of the reactor would reduce the yield but enable continued production because unreacted cyclohexane is separated and recycled at a later stage. The feed pipes connecting the reactors were 28 inches in diameter. Because only 20 inches pipe stock was available at the plant, the connections to reactor 4 and reactor 6 were made using flexible bellows type piping, as shown in figure 1-10. It is hypothesized that the bypass pipe section ruptured because of inadequate support and over flexing of the pipe section as a result of internal reactor pressures. Upon rupture of the bypass an estimated 30 tons of cyclohexane volatilized and formed a large vapor cloud. The cloud was ignited by an unknown source an estimated 45 seconds after the release. ‘The resulting explosion leveled the entire plant facility, including the administrative offices. 28 people died and 36 others were injured. 18 of these fatalities occurred in the main control room when the ceiling collapsed. Loss of life would have been substantially greater had the accident occurred on a weekday when the administrative offices were filled with employees. Damage extended. to 1821 nearby houses and 167 shops and factories. 53 civilians were reported injured. The resulting fire in the plant burned for over 10 days. The accident could have been prevented by following proper safety procedures. talled without safety review or adequate supervision by experienced ss was sketched on the floor of the machine shop using chalk. Second Iy large inventories of dangerous compounds, This included 330,000 ff naphtha, 11,000 gallons of toluene, 26,400 gallons of ¢ inventories contributed to the fires after the initial blast. First bypass line was ins engineering personnel. The bypa! the plant site contained excessivel gallons of cyclohexane 66,000 gallons o benzene and 450 gallons of gasoline. Thes Industrial Safety and Environmental Engineering (DK-319) 5$$$ DDU Diploma Chemical Finally the bypass modification was substandard in design. As a rule, any modifications should be of the same quality as the construction of the remainder of the plant. Bhopal, India The Bhopal India accident on December 3, 1984 has received considerably more attention than the Flixborough accident. His is due to the more than 2000 civilian casualties that resulted. ‘The Bhopal plant is in the state of Madhya Pradesh in central India. The plant was partially owned by union carbide and partially owned locally. The nearest civilian inhabitants were 1.5 miles away when the plant was constructed because the plant was the dominant source of employment in the area, a shantytown eventually grew around the immediate area, The plant produced pesticides. An intermediate compound in this process is methyl isocyanate (MIC). MIC is an extremely dangerous compound. It is reactive toxic volatile and flammable the maximum exposure concentration of MIC for workers over of an 8 hour period is 0.02 PPM. Individuals exposed to concentrations of MIC vapors above 21 PPM experience serve irritation of the nose and throat. Death at large concentrations of vapor is due to respiratory distress. MIC demonstrates a number of dangerous physical properties. Its boiling point at atmospheric conditions is 39.1 C and it has a vapor pressure of 348 mm HG at 20 C. the vapor is about twice as heavy as air, ensuring that the vapors will stay close to the ground once released. MIC reacts exothermically with water. Although the reaction rate is slow, with inadequate cooling the temperature will increase and the MIC will boil, MIC storage tanks are typically refrigerated to prevent this problem. The unit using the MIC was not operating because of a local labor dispute. Somehow a storage tank containing a large amount of MIC became contaminated with water or some other substance. A chemical reaction heated the MIC to a temperature past its boiling point. This MIC vapors traveled through a pressure relief system and into a scrubber and flare system installed to consume the MIC in the event of a release. Unfortunately, the scrubber and flare system were not operating, for variety of reasons. An estimated 25 tons of toxic MIC vapor was released. The toxic cloud spread to the adjacent town, killing over 2000 civilians and injuring an estimated 20,000 more. No plant workers were injured or killed. No plant equipment damaged. ‘The exact cause of the contamination of the MIC is not known. If the accident was caused by a problem with the process a well-executed safety review could have identified the problem. The scrubber and flare system should have been fully operational to prevent the release. Inventories of dangerous chemicals, particularly intermediates, should also have been minimized, ‘The reaction scheme used at Bhopal is shown in the figure and it includes the dangerous intermediate MIC. An alternative reaction scheme is shown at the bottom of the figure and involves a less dangerous chloroformed intermediate. Another solution is to redesign the process to reduce the inventory of hazardous MIC. One such design produces and consumes the MIC in a highly localized area of the process, with an inventory of MIC of less than 20 pounds, Industrial Safety and Environmental Engineering (DK-319) 6in 1963 the plant was finally disassembled brick encased in concrete and dumped into the ocean. Less than 200 g of TCDD was released and the contamination was confined to the plant. Of the 50 men assigned to clean up the release 4 eventually died from the exposure. been used to contain the reactor releases. The proper applications of fundamental engineering safety principles would have prevented the two accidents. First by following proper procedures the initiation steps would not have occurred second by using proper hazard evaluation procedures the hazards could have been identified and corrected before the accidents occurred. Pasadena, Texas in 23 fatalities 314 injured and as on October 23, 1989, resulted i i A massive explosion ea Ste explosion occurred in a high density polyethylene isobutene eee oe ease formed a large gas cloud instantaneously because the system was ioe and Lhasa oan “The eloud was ignited about 2 minutes after the release by an under high pressure unidentified ignition source. i rowed thatthe standard operating procedures were not appropriately Scenario, However evidence § followed. Usually the polyethylene particles valve, Occasionally a Pros plugs Personnel. The normal an sai Industrial Safety and Baviroumental Engioeering pDU Diploma Chemical seveso, Italy Seveso is a small tov s owne D of ay plant was owned by the Temogg er PP ™RIMately 17 opp : with trichlorophenol Produced octal company 000 inhabit Sa ants, 15 miles from Milan, Italy. Th i 7 aly. The 7.8: tettachloroa Durie tttet was hexachlorophene, a bactericide 1g normal operation a small amount of TCDD for as an undesirable side product. Potent toxin ky small ag tne town to humans. Animal wate st 1s the by ‘nimal studies have shown TCDD. SEL FS difficult. Nontethal devo oY WEiBH. Because TCDD is also meocle m woe can persist for several years **5 Of TCDD result in ehloracne an acne like discase that "1 intermedi afi liate Hioxine) is produ c TCDD is pest ed in the react i, ps the wo be fatal in doses as small no On July 10, 1976 the tr rormal operating temperature and ene Teactr Went out of control, resulting in a higher than eased throu; 3 Sed’ production of TCDD. timat CDD wa fn 7 — a relief system in a white cloud Over Seveso. A. ae rhe We fr wae he into fhe soil. Approximately 10 square miles were contaminated Y=" Washed the TCDD is so toxic and persistent that for smaller but similar release of TCDD in Duphat India The Seveso and Duphar accident could have been avoided if proper containment system had from the explosion made it impossible to reconstruct the actual accident The damage resulting takeoff system, as illustrated in figure. + thylene product i jaa s 3d in the poly dare removed through the product takeot re ean pales te the plug is removed by maintenance f theses etosing te DEMCO valve, removing the ai tines safe procedure (DK-319) 7DDU Diploma Chemical hen the product takeoff valve is removed to give access sand Tocking the valve inthe closed position. Th to the plugged leg. showed that this safe procedure was not followed, Specifically the product takeoff valve removed the DEMCO valve was in the open position and the Specifically the product ved. This scenario was serious violation of well-stablished and wel lock out device wé ; understood procedure and created that permitted the release and subsequent explosion. The accident investigation evidence The OSHA investigation found that (1) no process hazard analysis had been performed in the nd as a result many serious safety deficiencies were ignored or over looked. (2) The single block valve on the settling leg was not designed to fail to a safe closed position when the air failed. (3) Rather than relying on a single block valve a double block and bleed valving arrangement ora blind ora flange after the single block valve should have been used. (4) "No provision was made ind enforcement of effective permit system. (5) No permanent for the development implementation at combustible gas detection and alarm system was located in the region of the reactor. polyethylene a Other factors that contributed to the severity’ of this disaster were also cited: (1) proximity of high occupancy structures to hazardous operation, (2) inadequate separation between buildings and (3) crowded process equipment.Experiment: 3 - To study at about persong Aim: ut personal Protective equipm, ent personal Protection can be divided into thre e¢ parts: (1) Safe particles that should be f (2) Protective device to be st oe (3) Protective device to be worm, Head Protection: - As a protection agai have been developed & en en Head injurious from falling or fying objects safety herds hats rover : provide the protection expemed nea naa Sever tests that when properly fitted. They can & will wich has been de sia Pesce i that afforded by the rubberized hat protection against ae te the wear aginst liquid in the form of chemical ete. Tis type of vids is not : ae : Argurance withikie roe tsroiztioak only desirable but necessary. Flitting is not of such vital a nee should not only be obtained for the work to be performed but it should be such tbat itis property fitted to the individual so as to be comfortable & be able to provide necessary protection. If called upon further, a systematic method should be set up in the plant to ensure that the protection provided is not only worm, but that it is kept in good condition.& replaced when necessary. Eye protection: - The processes or operations in which it is necessary that the operator be given protection to the head or eyes or both are divided into groups cach of which requires protective devices having distinctive features. In the classification of hazards, goggles can be grouped into five classes. According to the hazards they are to be guarded against. Class A Impact Class B Dust Class C Splashes Class D Fumes or gases Class E Glare & injurious light rays pact, the lenses should be preferably be case hardened & clean glass, fited in a frame that will withstand hard usage, so designed that the lens will not be forced out of its seat by a blow, & if the impact is so serve that the lens is broken, that all large fragments are retained the ‘cles are not projected back into the eye. ann ee vith or wvthout shield & eye cup goggles when provided with case hardened lenses le without side shields are often used when ate prote: t impact, while spectacle type gogsie Wi! the Baer ae a eh that protection against flying objects from directly in front of the wearer isdesined . However if the flying object is likely come from the side, then either spectacles type toggles with the side shield or better still, eye cup gouges should be used. Industrial Safety and Environmental Engineering (DK-3 19) 9 ~— _ _,— For protection against imthe eye completely whether the ventilation depends on the quality ofthe dust, the size dd The goggles should be fitted with clear ust should enclos h baffled slots, he dust is circulate ection against dust = atection agains Goggles for protection AES should be through minute holes oF ites or in whiel ticles & the manner 10 0" pe rates ofan impact resistiMg ty. For rate 0 ist lass sich must be considered. Fist those fom liquid sucha see are two types oF Pla i those from molten metals. Sa Se ony rexche iid its an absolute necessity that the goggles be ietye aye eup makes a perfect fit to the face fof the wearer & should be of a material that is cana to chemicals {& provides at right fitting at the joint between lens & the retaining ring. The i erica toggles shouldbe property ventilated For protection against fumes & gases: “The gougles must not contain available, any holes for ventilation, otherwise required will not be For protection against Glare & injurious Hight rays, the style of protection to be used will depend Farety on the amount & nature of work to be done & may vary from spectacles 10 goggles to helmets, hand shield, or masks fitted with suitable lenses. Lung protection: - Th ensuring protection of lung the removed of dust o fumes at their point of origin by exhaust ‘manner in which to approach this problem but at the same time — equipment is the most logical respirators is desirable toward off possibilities of health hazards protective equipment in the form of in the nature of lung disease. There are four classes of repatriation Class A is for Dust Class B is for Fames Class C is for Flirts Class D is for all Dust fames & Flirts The airline respiration also has a place in this matter of protection in that affords full protection if properly fitted &that no filtering is necessary& for such operation as spraying there is ho filer pad to quickly became coated &sealed over rendering the filter type respirator almost impossible to breathe through. The sand blaster needs a much better protective lens tha Se Mss Geer et Hele fe mney Care nid be nbn gos tel th rete adequate &reasonably clean. e air supply is both ‘As an aid to be the use of air line respirat filter to remove both excess moisture &oil &a a rrp ca at the nic should be peased thrash ao up enforced by whom the unit may be soviet Gas Mask: ‘The next step in respirator oni ee protection is the gas i disie Parts. First the face piece which is designed so ee abl yal renergaae sof lustrial Safety and Environmental Engineering (DK-319) emma i | | | | | 1any face can be made & the go faken to ensure that where pay nae aveonsider for the hazards for wha Peet fpra variety Of Bases then the peye yi * plan we “d. throu, gh whi EM which the air to be breathed mask pass 'on is required the oe ue ye te mask is provided ith th ‘Ould be to obtai care should be i ¢ specific type ris possibility of the mask being needed iv all service gas masks, Protection: Leather gloves with, handed. 1& with speci f Pecial rein for cement either by the addition of thickness of Jather or metal stitching or stud ding is also av: alable for mi any oper In dealing with th ns i protection rations carried out in the indust suchas ply” which ave availa eo” oF ands, it would be wis to overtook the protective Gem le & are in Proving their worth as protection against dermatitis. Aprons: Aprons are a necessi on m: | either clean or dry or both, ae ieee in the main they are worm to keep the wearer id 7 rubber or canvas being largel -d in their manufac ortant 3g largely used in their manufacture Cui ea 7 remember is that if method of fastening to the body should be such that will be required to break that fasting in the event of its being caught in the machine. Boots & Shoes Safety shoes can be obtain in a variety of styles & finish &from many sources varying from the dress shoes to the rough work shoes fitted with an in built sofly toe cap are either made of composition & to of steel under certain condition such as ol or hot the compesition will soften the protection is lost while the steel toe the cap after being formed is heat treated to the point that it will stand up under very serve strain. One type of shoe namely the molders shoes designed with elas side is im the main for protection against hot metal burns & is so designed than the event of hot metal actually reaching the foot of the wearer the boot can be immediately removed without any daily Snot as would be buttoned ‘erin the usual manner. This shoe can be obtained with or ‘without the safety toe protection &with Se ome sa fot otection such as the safely guard which is designed to be worm There js also special oT that the safety toe cap Buthere ae certain occupation over a shoe & affords even greater protection where this type of protection is not only desirable but necessary. Indivasint cafaty and Envi“wemical pt Diploma Chem! Experiment: 4 of fire extinguisher. ard & different types AIM: To study Fire Haz What is FIRE? bustion may be define as ch emical reaction that gives out heat, light & smoke, + Fire or com er controlled condition serves mankind where @ it is most destructive if uncontrolled + Fire under co FIRE TRIANGLE: The Fire Triangle /™ Fuel The fire is observed only if Fuel, a material which can burn; Heat, any source of heat & Oxidizer, any ‘material which can supply oxygen are present simultaneously. The three elements which have to be present simultaneously to start a fire are: FUEL: It is any material (Solid, Liquid or Gas) that can burn or catch fire (c.g. - paper, oil, gas, | rubber, paint, plastic, some metals ete.) | | HEAT / SOURCE OF IGNITION: High temp or source of sufficient energy to initiate the chemical reaction of combustion. AIR / OXYGEN: Oxygen in such concentrations which will cause the fuel air ratio to be within the flammability range of fuel. The combination of these three elements is so called “Fire triangle” CAUSES OF FIRE: These causes are related to three basic elements (Fuel, Heat & Oz). 1, Fuel: All combustible materials, Flammable materials, Explosive m: unstable materials ete promote the fire. is veils, hyper reactive 2. Oxygen: Air, Oxidizing agents are also promoters of fire. 3. Source of Heat: Open flames, Smoking, Static electricity, Over heated surfaces, Ligh! , nate ty, Over Industrial Safety and Environmental Engineering (DK-319)pbU Diploma Chemicay METHODS OF FIRE FARE, it also siggests the im : AS Fire triangle hel STARVATION ony ips in defining the phenomena of anyhow will cause the pee AT!O : Se the fir N use of control valves fire to stop, eg FUEL: = The combs . 2 Soping the ange shes is renoed 1¢ fuel through a pipe line by SMOTHERING or BLANK! removed or prevented fj ETING diluted by inert gas ma t ‘acting the will be slowed or stopped ‘02, Na, o Sete OF OXYGEN: - Oxygen is rea tbe substance by blanketing or alternatively Certain chemical component the combustible CLASSES OF FIRE: To hi To help the easy ide identificatic following classes. This classification is based on eae wire acta — involved in the fire. Class A Fire involvin 1g ordinary c Class B + Fires in liquid or Imiueeaoie sata material like wood, paper, textile etc. aa solid like ol, solvent, petroleum products, varnish, paints Class C Fire involving gases, el CissD Fire eee — liquefied gases in the form of liquid or gas leak ete. ee ee like sodium, magnesium, aluminum & chromium ete. : lectrical fires, Fire involving live electricity [ CLASS OF FUEL TYPE, FIRE A Combustible matters: Wood, Paper, Plastic, Textile, Rubber etc B Flammable Liquids: Petrol, Diesel, Solvents, Paint, Varnishes, Oils c Flammable Gases: LPG, NG, Acetylene, Carbon monoxide ee D Fire in metals: (water reactive) Sodium, Potassium. Mi sium et. g Fire where LIVE ‘electricity is involved: Electrical appliances, Switches, Fuse pies i ee TYPES OF FIRE EXTINGUISHER: (Portable) TIN 1.SODA ACID TYPE EX’ < nnd toe Class A type SR + Capacity: 9 liters eu fy & carpet fil 7 “a wood, paper, clot pe sr use on woot cal & deseo SN i nciple of working: Description and princiP te wo containers inner and outer In the et cis tn The extinguisher MS rp othelever THE jner container i erm i filled uP sodium bicarbonate is ° gineering (DK 19) Industrial Safety and Environmental BDDU Diploma Chemical acid bottle, On breaking the seal of inner bottle following reaction takes place which | Benet, | a water jet, CO> acts as a propellant. This is a once through type extinguisher, which has tobe refilled once used. 2 NaHCO + HeSO4 + NaxSO4 + 2H:0 + 2CO> | How to operate: 1. Invert the extinguisher by holding bottom. 2, Remove safety cap, Hit the plunger against hard surface, Water jet will come out 3. Direct the jet towards the base of fire keeping the extinguisher inverted only. 2. CORBON DIOXIDE TYPE EXTINGUISHER: + Used for Class - B, C & E type of Fire © Capacity: 3.2 Kes Description and principle of working: ‘CO: gas is retained in cylinder as a liquid under about 2/3 by which of its total water cay regarding pressure vessel. Pressure. The cylinder is filled with the charge ipacity. It’s a pressure vessel & need all the attention How to operate: A. Carry the extinguisher to place of fire B. Remove safety pin and unscrew the valve, now COs is deliver through the high pressure flexible hose Direct the gas at the base of fire, starting at one edge and swapping across the surface of burning material red by means of discharge nozzle C Advantages: + The COd is dry and non-toxic, also called “Dry Ice”. + Tewill not harm material + Itis very suitable for electrical fire. + Itis very useful on mobile equipment; uneven burning surfaces, oil drums. Disadvantages: + Possibility of chocking of siphoning tube. 3. FOAM TYPE EXTINGUISHER: + Used for Class - A and B type of fire. * Capacity: 9 liters * Used to put out fire involving flammable liquid like oils, solvents, petroleum products; varnish paints etc, Industrial Safety and Environmental Engineering (DK-319)ppU Diploma Chemica, sc in De mand principle of worki king: It consists of a : 8 of a bWo0 6; foam stabilizer is addeq Zer is om “i ait d. The ina sae Container holds seins ae ci 0 msn ka tai ean of NaHCOs to which a Al (on n of Aluminium sulphi : at3N. ct 7 1) Pall the knob on the cay “ 2) Turn the extin; a \guisher upsi 3) Direct the foam jet ‘soc on tr mixing of two liquids inside. producing a blanket of foamn © MRM that it sh a tould run on over burning liquid, there by Advantages: * Itcovers the burning surface. | © It flats on quid. It has con: . siderable Itis an insulator and serves to eens aati, Disadvantages: + Foam freely mix with certain liquid and renders them unusable. 4. DRY CHEMICAL TYPE EXTINGUISHER: + Used for Class - B, C and D type of fire + Capacity: 2 Kgs + Used for gas fires, petroleum fires, metal fires. Description and principle of working: 's of chemical powder mixture of sodium, iners. Main shell consist tainer is a CO2 cartridge in which COo is It consists of two conta ‘he inner cont potassium and barium com held under pressure. pound. T! How to operate: lace of fire. 1) Cary the extinguisher © Pees OT in safety cp 2) Keep extinguisher up ti 3) Hit the plunger by hand. oo DH te rea of ABER ptotese | Advantages: face which starves der is relativelY stable in heating a" covers the buring surface | + Dry powder is 2 | a conductor of electricity, nontoxic ‘and non © The powder is 0m ; ng (DK-319) Industral Safety and Environment EngiDU Diploma Chemical Disadvantage and require approach close to the fit +s have limited range : = ves in & becomes ineffective. yn some solvents it dissol Some dry powder extinguls) When dry power is used 0 5, HALON FIRE TYPE EXTINGUISHER: « Used for Class ~ B, Cand E type of fire. + Capacity: 2 Kgs + Teis an ideal fire extinguish electricity. er suitable for fire involving inflammable liquid, gas and | | | Description and principle of working: Halon-1311 (BCF - Bromo Chloro Fluoro Methane) is a volatile liquid. It is retained in cylinder as a liquid under pressure. | How to operate: | 1. Remove the safety pin and operate the discharge device, by pressing the lever. | 2. BCF- Halon is delivered by means of discharge nozzle. 3. Direct the jet to the base of flames. ‘Advantages: | * The BCF is colourless, odourless and transparent liquid. ‘© Under pressure it can be sprayed directly on dry kind of surface. Disadvantages: © It should not be used in confided space or place. «It’s banned due to destructive effect of BCF on environment. EXTINGUISHER SUITABILITY CHART: Just as there is a right tool for every job, there is a right extinguisher for every fire. The class of a extinguisher, identified on its nameplate, corresponds tothe class or classes of fire the extinguisher controls. On most construction jobs, we are concerned with Class A, B and C fires, Corson vents a best extinguisher to have on a job is a multi-purpose. Class ABC extin, eet powdered chemical under pressure. The followin; = extinguisher that can be used on each. 4C fires, Consequently, the guisher, which contains a dry, i describes the classes of fire and the kind of Class Fire EXUncah a Soda Acid CO Type 2 Fire! Extinguisher | + ci 1 a pep BCF Halon ¢ = av V i = ; 7 T s TH = 7 | E oa = ar T ~ | T = t : Industri ial Safety and Environmental Engineering (DK-319)pDpU Diploma Chemica ) Know where extin, uisher, which conta ) iabel Buishers are located and means Water OF foam, ona liquid or electrical fire. how to use them, Follow the directions printed on the 4 5) in 3 eof eng pets es a 7) Never remove tags from extingui: : and inspected. 'Buishers. They indicate the last time the extinguisher was serviced §) Report defective or suspect extin repaired. uishers to your Supervisor, so that they can be replaced or 9) When inspecting extinguishers, look for cracked hoses, plugged nozzles, and corrosion. Also, look for damage that may have been done by equipment running into the extinguishers 10) Don't use extinguishers for purposes other than fighting fires, Nobody wants a fire. But if it starts, know what extinguishers to use and how to use them