Cambridge International Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced Level

Cambridge International Examinations
Cambridge International Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced Level
BUSINESS 9609/12
Paper 1 Short Answer and Essay February/March 2016
1 hour 15 minutes
No Additional Materials are required.
* 9 6 0 7 8 6 8 2 0 5 *
READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST
An answer booklet is provided inside this question paper. You should follow the instructions on the front cover
of the answer booklet. If you need additional answer paper ask the invigilator for a continuation booklet.
Section A
Answer all questions.
Section B
Answer one question.
You are advised to spend no more than 35 minutes on Section A.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
This document consists of 2 printed pages, 2 blank pages and 1 Insert.
DC (ST) 113394/2
© UCLES 2016 [Turn over
2
Section A (Short Answer)
1 (a) Distinguish between the ‘private sector’ and the ‘public sector’. [2]
(b) Briefly explain two advantages of public sector businesses. [3]
2 (a) Define ‘productivity’. [2]
(b) Briefly explain two ways of improving manufacturing productivity in a business. [3]
3 Explain why accurate cost data is important to a business. [5]
4 (a) Define ‘product differentiation’. [2]
(b) Briefly explain two marketing benefits of product differentiation. [3]
Section B (Essay)
Answer one question only.
5 (a) Analyse the importance of employee motivation for the achievement of business objectives.
[8]
(b) Discuss the view that managers and leaders perform very different functions in business
organisations. [12]
6 Discuss how and why a multinational food manufacturer might have corporate social responsibility
(CSR) as a business objective. [20]
7 (a) Analyse why it is important for businesses to effectively manage their levels of cash. [8]
(b) Discuss how liquidity ratios could be useful for external stakeholders of a business. [12]
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Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable
effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will
be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.
To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge International
Examinations Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at www.cie.org.uk after
the live examination series.
Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local
Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.
© UCLES 2016 9609/12/F/M/16

BUSINESS 9609/12
1 hour 15 minutes
* 1 4 4 0 8 0 1 4 8 1 *
Section A
Section B
DC (RW) 133398
2
1 (a) Define the term ‘market research’. [2]
(b) Briefly explain the limitations to a business of using secondary market research information.
[3]
2 (a) Define the term ‘working capital’. [2]
(b) Briefly explain the difference between revenue expenditure and capital expenditure. [3]
3 Explain why a mission statement might be important for a multinational business. [5]
4 (a) Define the term ‘economies of scale’. [2]
(b) Briefly explain two causes of diseconomies of scale. [3]
Section B (Essay)
5 (a) Analyse the strengths and weaknesses of a ‘public limited company’ legal structure for
business. [8]
(b) Discuss how ethics may influence the decisions of private sector banks. [12]
6 ‘Maslow’s theory of motivation can ensure success for all businesses.’
Discuss this statement. [20]
7 (a) Analyse the importance of a Unique Selling Point (USP) to a mobile (cell) phone manufacturer.
[8]
(b) Discuss how a retail business could improve customer relations. [12]
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Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.
© UCLES 2017 9609/12/F/M/17

BUSINESS 9609/12
1 hour 15 minutes
* 2 0 3 2 9 1 8 6 5 9 *
Section A
Section B
DC (LEG) 143121/2
2
1 (a) Define the term ‘random sampling’. [2]
(b) Briefly explain two benefits of using quota sampling when carrying out market research. [3]
2 (a) Define the term ‘entrepreneur’. [2]
(b) Briefly explain two qualities of a successful entrepreneur. [3]
3 Explain why mass customisation might be used by businesses. [5]
4 (a) Define the term ‘labour turnover’. [2]
(b) Briefly explain two possible causes of high labour turnover in a business. [3]
Section B (Essay)
5 (a) Analyse the benefits of a job description and a person specification when recruiting a new
employee. [8]
(b) Discuss which leadership style is likely to be the most effective for a large clothing
manufacturer. [12]
6 ‘A family retail business should stay small rather than setting growth as an objective.’
Do you agree? Justify your answer. [20]
7 (a) Analyse how a business might use break-even analysis when planning to launch a new
product. [8]
(b) Discuss the factors that directors of a large pharmaceutical company should consider when
choosing how to finance growth. [12]
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Cambridge Assessment International Education
BUSINESS 9609/12
1 hour 15 minutes
* 1 5 4 1 8 5 0 6 5 5 *
Section A
Section B
DC (LT) 162199/2
2
1 (a) Define the term ‘Just in Time’ (JIT). [2]
(b) Briefly explain two benefits for a manufacturing business of using Just in Time (JIT). [3]
2 (a) Define the term ‘demand’. [2]
(b) Briefly explain two factors which might influence demand for digital cameras. [3]
3 Explain why there might be conflict between two stakeholder groups of a large mining company.
[5]
4 (a) Define the term ‘statement of financial position’. [2]
(b) Briefly explain two uses an investor might make of a statement of financial position. [3]
Section B (Essay)
5 (a) Analyse the likely benefits to a car manufacturing company of using capital intensive
processes. [8]
(b) Discuss whether batch production is the best method of production for a small jewellery
manufacturing business. [12]
6 ‘An effective manager must perform all of Mintzberg’s roles of management.’
Do you agree with this statement? Justify your view. [20]
7 (a) Analyse the benefits for a new business of producing a cash flow forecast. [8]
(b) Discuss how a large food retailer might best improve its profitability ratios. [12]
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To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.
Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of
Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which itself is a department of the University of Cambridge.
© UCLES 2019 9609/12/F/M/19

Cambridge International AS & A Level
BUSINESS 9609/12
1 hour 15 minutes
You must answer on the enclosed answer booklet.

* 5 8 8 1 4 2 2 6 6 6 *
You will need: Answer booklet (enclosed)
INSTRUCTIONS
● Section A: answer all questions.
● Section B: answer one question.
● Follow the instructions on the front cover of the answer booklet. If you need additional answer paper,
ask the invigilator for a continuation booklet.
INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 40.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].
This document has 4 pages. Blank pages are indicated.
DC (ST) 201951/2 R
2
1 (a) Define the term ‘Product Life Cycle’. [2]
(b) Explain two ways a business could extend a product’s life cycle. [3]
2 (a) Define the term ‘diversity’ in a workforce. [2]
(b) Explain two benefits to a business of employing a diverse workforce. [3]
3 Explain how better management of trade receivables and trade payables can improve cash flow.
[5]
4 (a) Define the term ‘external economies of scale’. [2]
(b) Explain two internal economies of scale. [3]
Section B (Essay)
5 (a) Analyse the advantages of using different methods to measure the size of a business. [8]
(b) Discuss whether a partnership is the best legal structure for an accountancy business. [12]
6 ‘Using the Internet for marketing is essential to the success of a smartphone retailer.’
7 (a) Analyse the benefits to a business of motivating its employees. [8]
(b) Discuss whether a salary is the best payment method for motivating employees of a shoe
retailer. [12]
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BUSINESS 9609/12
1 hour 15 minutes

* 8 4 1 0 1 6 2 9 9 4 *
INSTRUCTIONS
INFORMATION
This document has 4 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.
DC (RW) 204758
2
1 (a) Define the term ‘opportunity cost’. [2]
(b) Explain two qualities an entrepreneur is likely to need for success. [3]
(b) Explain two factors which might influence supply of a product. [3]
3 Explain the effects on a business of having a high level of working capital. [5]
4 (a) Define the term ‘transformation process’. [2]
(b) Explain two ways in which a business could improve its intellectual capital. [3]
Section B (Essay)
5 (a) Analyse the benefits to a business of recruiting employees from outside the business. [8]
(b) Discuss whether the use of Herzberg’s two factor theory could improve employee motivation
in a school. [12]
6 A furniture manufacturer is planning to introduce CAD and CAM into the production process.
Discuss the extent to which this could make the business more competitive. [20]
7 (a) Analyse why a business might invest in market research. [8]
(b) Discuss whether an airline business might increase its profits by more effective market
segmentation. [12]
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BUSINESS 9609/12
1 hour 15 minutes

* 3 2 8 6 2 1 1 1 1 8 *
INSTRUCTIONS
INFORMATION
DC (NF) 304429/1
2
1 (a) Define the term ‘marginal cost’. [2]
(b) Explain two uses of break-even analysis. [3]
2 (a) Define the term ‘commission’. [2]
(b) Explain two disadvantages to a business of using empowerment to motivate its employees.
[3]
3 Explain the problems a sole trader might have if they change the legal structure to a partnership.
[5]
4 (a) Define the term ‘customer (market) orientation’. [2]
(b) Explain two limitations to a business of using market segmentation. [3]
Section B (Essay)
5 (a) Analyse the benefits of using internal sources of finance for business growth. [8]
(b) Discuss whether the published accounts of a luxury hotel provide a good measure of the
performance of the business. [12]
6 ‘The most effective way for a loss-making retail clothing business to survive is to change the price
element of its marketing mix.’
Discuss whether you agree with this statement. [20]
7 (a) Analyse factors that might determine the relocation of a business. [8]
(b) Discuss whether flexibility of operations might improve the sales of a toy manufacturing
business. [12]
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Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of Cambridge Assessment. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of Cambridge
Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is a department of the University of Cambridge.
© UCLES 2022 9609/12/F/M/22

BUSINESS 9609/12
Paper 1 Business Concepts 1 February/March 2023
1 hour 15 minutes

* 2 3 8 6 9 4 8 0 4 3 *
INSTRUCTIONS
● Answer five questions in total:
Section A: answer all questions.
Section B: answer one question.
INFORMATION
DC (CE) 315426/1
2
Section A
1 (a) Define the term opportunity cost. [2]
(b) Explain one quality an entrepreneur needs for business success. [3]
2 (a) Define the term product life cycle. [2]
(b) Explain one way a business could extend the life of a product. [3]
3 (a) Define the term induction training. [2]
(b) Explain one benefit to a business of training its employees. [3]
4 Analyse one way a business might raise productivity levels. [5]
Section B
EITHER
5 (a) Analyse two ways in which accurate cost information can be used to improve business
performance. [8]
(b) Evaluate whether cash flow forecasting is the most important activity for a new restaurant to
succeed. [12]
OR
6 (a) Analyse two reasons why changing a business’ objectives might affect its shareholders. [8]
(b) ‘The main reason why many niche cake manufacturing businesses fail is that they grow too
quickly.’
Evaluate this view. [12]
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BUSINESS 9609/12
Paper 1 Short Answer and Essay May/June 2016
1 hour 15 minutes
* 5 8 2 1 0 6 5 9 4 3 *
Section A
Section B
This document consists of 2 printed pages, 2 blank pages and 1 insert.
DC (RW) 114961/2
2
(b) Briefly explain two reasons why new businesses often fail. [3]
2 (a) Distinguish between random sampling and quota sampling. [2]
(b) Briefly explain two limitations of market research sampling. [3]
3 Explain the costs and benefits to a business of a decision to hold low levels of inventory. [5]
4 (a) Distinguish between a ‘job description’ and a ‘person specification’. [2]
(b) Briefly explain two ways in which employees can participate in business decision making. [3]
Section B (Essay)
5 (a) Analyse the importance for a business of distinguishing between revenue expenditure and
capital expenditure. [8]
(b) Discuss the benefits and drawbacks to a business of using only internal sources of finance to
fund expansion. [12]
6 ‘The 4Cs marketing model is more useful for a retail business than the 4Ps marketing model.’
7 (a) Analyse the importance to a large business of setting corporate objectives. [8]
(b) Discuss how a large food retailer, with many shops, could effectively communicate corporate
objectives to its workforce. [12]
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BUSINESS 9609/12
1 hour 15 minutes
* 2 4 9 4 1 6 7 5 6 0 *
Section A
Section B
DC (ST) 132647/1
2
1 (a) Define the term ‘leadership’. [2]
(b) Briefly explain two styles of leadership. [3]
2 (a) Define the term ‘debt factoring’. [2]
(b) Briefly explain how leasing might be used by a business to improve cash flow. [3]
3 Explain the possible benefits of mass customisation to a computer manufacturer. [5]
(b) Briefly explain two factors that could influence the demand for restaurant meals. [3]
Section B (Essay)
5 (a) Analyse problems a business could experience in its first year of trading. [8]
(b) Discuss whether market research will reduce problems that might be experienced by a new
start-up business. [12]
6 ‘Money is the most important factor for motivating teachers in a school.’
Discuss this view. [20]
7 (a) Analyse how any one stakeholder group could use both an income statement and a
statement of financial position. [8]
(b) Discuss the view that the quantitative information in published accounts does not present a
complete picture of business performance. [12]
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BUSINESS 9609/12
1 hour 15 minutes
* 9 2 2 5 0 5 2 1 9 5 *
Section A
Section B
DC (ST) 150908/1
2
1 (a) Define the term ‘inventory management’. [2]
(b) Briefly explain two reasons why a business might decide to hold a high level of inventory. [3]
2 (a) Define the term ‘below-the-line promotion’. [2]
(b) Briefly describe two methods of ‘above-the-line promotion’. [3]
3 Explain the possible long-term consequences for a business of low levels of employee motivation.
[5]
4 (a) Define the term ‘capital expenditure’. [2]
(b) Briefly explain two reasons why a bank might refuse to lend money to an entrepreneur. [3]
Section B (Essay)
5 (a) Analyse why a train company might use a strategy of price discrimination. [8]
(b) Discuss whether having a large product portfolio is an advantage for a car manufacturer. [12]
6 In recent years a significant number of businesses have been accused of being unethical.
Discuss whether senior managers should consider ethics when making business decisions. [20]
7 (a) Analyse why many human resource departments have developed policies for diversity and
equality. [8]
(b) ‘A significant investment in training and development is the best way to improve employee
effectiveness in a retail business.’
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BUSINESS 9609/12
1 hour 15 minutes
* 1 9 0 0 3 0 4 6 7 2 *
Section A
Section B
DC (LK) 168734/1
2
Answer all questions
1 (a) Define the term ‘supply’. [2]
(b) Briefly explain two non-price factors which could increase the demand for a product or
service. [3]
2 (a) Define the term ‘business leadership’. [2]
(b) Briefly explain two styles of business leadership. [3]
3 Explain how the interests of two stakeholder groups could affect the decisions of a business. [5]
4 (a) Define the term ‘job production’. [2]
(b) Briefly explain why a business might choose flow production as a method of operation. [3]
Section B (Essay)
Answer one question only
5 (a) Analyse the advantages of crowd funding as a source of finance for small businesses. [8]
(b) ‘Financial measures are the most important indicator of business performance.’
6 Discuss the likely impact on the marketing mix of a bank that decides to make increasing use of
the Internet to provide its services. [20]
7 (a) Analyse the impact of social enterprises on the development of a country. [8]
(b) ‘The purchase of an internationally recognised fast food franchise guarantees business
success.’
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BUSINESS 9609/12
1 hour 15 minutes

* 5 8 0 4 7 3 8 1 4 3 *
INSTRUCTIONS
INFORMATION
DC (TC) 190553/1
2
1 (a) Define the term ‘job description’. [2]
(b) Explain two advantages to an employer of using a person specification. [3]
2 (a) Define the term ‘private sector’. [2]
(b) Explain two advantages that a business in the public sector may have that a business in the
private sector may not. [3]
3 Explain the difficulties that a small business start-up might have when trying to obtain finance from
an external source. [5]
4 (a) Define the term ‘national market’. [2]
(b) Explain two advantages to a business of selling in international markets. [3]
Section B (Essay)
Answer one question only
5 (a) Analyse the disadvantages to a business of using debt factoring to improve its cash flow. [8]
(b) Discuss the limitations of using accounting ratios to compare the performance of different
businesses. [12]
6 ‘Good leaders are more important for business success than good managers.’
Discuss the extent to which you agree with this view. [20]
7 (a) Analyse the possible disadvantages of Computer Aided Manufacture (CAM) for a small
manufacturing business. [8]
(b) Discuss the importance of process innovation for a manufacturer of car components operating
in a competitive market. [12]
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BUSINESS 9609/12
1 hour 15 minutes

* 5 9 8 9 8 8 3 3 1 7 *
INSTRUCTIONS
INFORMATION
DC (MB) 206361
2
1 (a) Define the term ‘co-operatives’. [2]
(b) Explain two advantages to a business of being part of a joint venture. [3]
2 (a) Define the term ‘job production’. [2]
(b) Explain two advantages to a business of changing from job production to batch production.
[3]
3 Explain the importance of working capital to a new business. [5]
4 (a) Define the term ‘contract of employment’. [2]
(b) Explain the difference between redundancy and dismissal. [3]
Section B (Essay)
5 (a) Analyse how product portfolio analysis can help a business to achieve its marketing
objectives. [8]
(b) Discuss the extent to which a new entrant in the computer manufacturing market will need to
rely on penetration pricing to gain market share. [12]
6 ‘The success of any manufacturing business will depend on the productivity of its workforce.’
7 (a) Analyse the benefits to a business of accurate cost information. [8]
(b) Discuss the usefulness of liquidity ratios to potential investors in a business. [12]
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BUSINESS 9609/12
1 hour 15 minutes

* 3 1 1 0 2 7 2 2 6 8 *
INSTRUCTIONS
INFORMATION
DC (LK) 302952/1
2
1 (a) Define the term ‘piece rate’. [2]
(b) Explain two advantages to a business of using a time based payment method. [3]
2 (a) Define the term ‘franchise’. [2]
(b) Explain two advantages to a business of buying a franchise. [3]
3 Explain why a business manager needs to understand the difference between capital expenditure
and revenue expenditure. [5]
4 (a) Define the term ‘price elasticity of demand’. [2]
(b) Explain two benefits to a business of knowing the price elasticity of demand of its products.
[3]
Section B (Essay)
5 (a) Analyse the advantages to a business of using mass customisation. [8]
(b) Discuss the importance to a hotel of having effective inventory control. [12]
6 Discuss the importance of emotional intelligence to a manager of a luxury holiday resort. [20]
7 (a) Analyse the advantages to a business of using online advertising. [8]
(b) Discuss the usefulness to a furniture retailer of using secondary market research when
planning to enter a new market. [12]
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BUSINESS 9609/12
Paper 1 Business Concepts 1 May/June 2023
1 hour 15 minutes

* 0 6 2 0 4 9 6 3 1 5 *
INSTRUCTIONS
● Answer five questions in total:
Section A: answer all questions.
Section B: answer one question.
INFORMATION
DC (CJ) 316204/1
2
Section A
1 (a) Define the term demand. [2]
(b) Explain one factor that influences the supply of a product. [3]
2 (a) Define the term factors of production. [2]
(b) Explain one stage of the transformational process. [3]
3 (a) Define the term equality. [2]
(b) Explain one benefit to a business of employing a diverse workforce. [3]
4 Analyse one way in which conflict between stakeholders may affect a business. [5]
Section B
EITHER
5 (a) Analyse two benefits to a business of government grants as a source of finance. [8]
(b) Evaluate whether the most likely reason for the failure of a small retailer is poor management
of its working capital. [12]
OR
6 (a) Analyse two benefits to a business of having a product with a unique selling point (USP). [8]
(b) ‘Marketing is the most important factor that will affect the success of a new coffee shop.’
Evaluate this view. [12]
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BUSINESS 9609/12
Paper 1 Short Answer and Essay October/November 2016
1 hour 15 minutes
* 9 5 3 7 5 4 9 8 9 4 *
Section A
Section B
DC (ST) 118110/2
2
1 (a) Define ‘joint venture’. [2]
(b) Briefly explain two advantages of joint ventures to the businesses involved. [3]
2 (a) Define ‘leadership’. [2]
(b) Briefly explain two advantages of autocratic leadership. [3]
3 Explain why cost information is important for business decision-making. [5]
4 (a) Define ‘secondary market research’. [2]
(b) Briefly explain two advantages of using ‘focus groups’ as a method of market research. [3]
Section B (Essay)
5 (a) Analyse, using examples, why packaging could be important in the marketing mix. [8]
(b) Discuss factors that could determine the success of a business that has decided to set up an
online shop to sell beauty products. [12]
6 Discuss ways in which the operations management department of a car manufacturing company
could help the business survive during an economic recession. [20]
7 (a) Analyse the advantages and disadvantages to an employer of using performance related
pay. [8]
(b) Discuss the importance for a large hotel of staff development and training. [12]
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BUSINESS 9609/12
1 hour 15 minutes
* 1 9 0 5 1 9 2 6 3 6 *
Section A
Section B
DC (NF) 133430
2
1 (a) Define the term ‘social enterprise’. [2]
(b) Briefly explain two aims of a social enterprise. [3]
2 (a) Define the term ‘retained earnings’. [2]
(b) Briefly explain two uses of income statements for senior managers. [3]
3 Explain the importance of workforce planning for the effective performance of a university. [5]
4 (a) Define the term ‘product orientation’. [2]
(b) Briefly explain two advantages of customer (market) orientation to a business. [3]
Section B (Essay)
5 (a) Analyse how a business might use a price discrimination strategy to increase profit. [8]
(b) Discuss why both the finance department and the operations department of a car
manufacturing company should be involved in new product development. [12]
6 A hospital requires employees to work long and often unsociable hours. Discuss why and how
the hospital should assist its employees to achieve a good work-life balance. [20]
7 (a) Analyse the importance of corporate objectives and departmental objectives to the success
of a business. [8]
(b) Discuss why a bank might change its corporate objectives over time. [12]
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BUSINESS 9609/12
1 hour 15 minutes
* 9 1 6 5 2 7 2 3 6 0 *
Section A
Section B
DC (NH) 151773
2
1 (a) Define the term ‘unique selling point’ (USP). [2]
(b) Briefly explain two benefits to a business of having a USP. [3]
2 (a) Define the term ‘empowerment’. [2]
(b) Briefly explain two reasons why a business might decide to empower its employees. [3]
3 Explain how a large manufacturing business could finance investment in new machinery. [5]
4 (a) Define the term ‘value added’. [2]
(b) Briefly explain two ways a restaurant could increase its value added. [3]
Section B (Essay)
5 (a) Analyse how the 4Cs marketing approach is different to the 4Ps marketing approach. [8]
(b) Discuss how a house construction business could improve its customer relations. [12]
6 Discuss the extent to which the stakeholders of a large clothing retailer might want the business to
become more ethical and socially responsible. [20]
7 (a) Analyse how the efficiency of the operations of a manufacturing business could be influenced
by its human resources department. [8]
(b) Discuss how the actions of competitors could affect the operational management decisions of
a car manufacturer. [12]
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BUSINESS 9609/12
1 hour 15 minutes
* 8 8 1 8 4 6 3 5 8 5 *
Section A
Section B
DC (NH) 169864/1
2
1 (a) Define the term ‘random sampling’. [2]
(b) Briefly explain two benefits to a business of using quota sampling as a method of collecting
data. [3]
2 (a) Define the term ‘workforce planning’. [2]
(b) Briefly explain two benefits to a business of workforce planning. [3]
3 Explain why the objectives of a business may change over time. [5]
4 (a) Define the term ‘diseconomies of scale’. [2]
(b) Briefly explain two functions of an operations management department. [3]
Section B (Essay)
5 (a) Analyse the advantages to an entrepreneur of purchasing a franchise to start a business. [8]
(b) Discuss factors that could lead to the failure of a small business which repairs cars. [12]
6 A loss-making state-owned airline has a reputation for poor customer service. Its Human Resource
Director suggested that: ‘the best way to improve this business is to pay our employees higher
wages and give them an end of year bonus’.
Discuss this suggestion. [20]
7 (a) Analyse how break-even analysis might be used by a business when making a decision to
introduce a new product. [8]
(b) Discuss the usefulness of accounting ratios for assessing the performance of a large food
retailing business. [12]
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BUSINESS 9609/12
1 hour 15 minutes

* 0 2 8 3 6 1 9 7 1 9 *
INSTRUCTIONS
INFORMATION
DC (DH) 190648/2
2
1 (a) Define the term ‘branding’. [2]
(b) Explain two ways branding may help a business. [3]
2 (a) Define the term ‘gross profit margin’. [2]
(b) Explain two ways a business might improve its profit margin. [3]
3 Explain why a business might remain a private limited company rather than change to a public
limited company. [5]
4 (a) Define the term ‘effectiveness’. [2]
(b) Explain two ways a business might raise productivity levels. [3]
Section B (Essay)
5 (a) Analyse how a business might satisfy the self-actualisation needs of its employees. [8]
(b) Discuss the significance of McGregor’s leadership styles for managers in a hospital. [12]
6 ‘Marketing is the most important factor for the success of small businesses.’
7 (a) Analyse how cost information can be used to monitor and improve the performance of a
business. [8]
(b) Discuss the importance of cash flow forecasting to a new car hire business. [12]
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BUSINESS 9609/12
1 hour 15 minutes

* 2 5 7 3 9 3 8 6 5 4 *
INSTRUCTIONS
INFORMATION
DC (MB) 208464/2
2
(b) Explain two qualities of a successful entrepreneur. [3]
2 (a) Define the term ‘overdraft’. [2]
(b) Explain two reasons why a business might use an overdraft. [3]
3 Explain why businesses invest in the training and development of employees. [5]
4 (a) Define the term ‘scale of operation’. [2]
(b) Explain two factors that could influence the scale of operation of a business. [3]
Section B (Essay)
5 (a) Analyse how marketing could be used to add value to a product. [8]
(b) Discuss the view that the setting of effective marketing objectives is the most important factor
for the successful launch of a new women’s football (soccer) team. [12]
6 ‘In a hospital, managers using a democratic style are more likely to be successful than managers
using an autocratic style.’
7 (a) Analyse the advantages for a business of debt factoring. [8]
(b) Discuss the most important factors for a venture capitalist to consider when deciding whether
to provide growth capital for a computer games retailer. [12]
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BUSINESS 9609/12
1 hour 15 minutes

* 7 8 8 6 4 4 8 8 7 2 *
INSTRUCTIONS
INFORMATION
DC (CE) 302926/3
2
1 (a) Define the term ‘motivation’. [2]
(b) Explain two non-financial motivators that could be used for a business’ employees. [3]
2 (a) Define the term ‘ethics’. [2]
(b) Explain two ways ethics might affect the activities of a business. [3]
3 Explain why the published accounts of a business might give a misleading description of its
performance. [5]
4 (a) Define the term ‘economies of scale’. [2]
(b) Explain two reasons why a business might experience diseconomies of scale. [3]
Section B (Essay)
5 (a) Analyse the benefits to a business of market segmentation. [8]
(b) Discuss the view that marketing is the most important function for a business that manufactures
and sells motor cars. [12]
6 ‘Good leaders will be more important than effective managers if the business performance of an
international hotel chain is to improve.’
7 (a) Analyse the benefits to a business of a labour intensive production process. [8]
(b) Discuss the view that the intellectual capital of an information technology business is its most
important asset. [12]
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Cambridge International Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced Level

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Cambridge International Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced Level

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Cambridge International Examinations

Cambridge International Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced Level

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

This document consists of 2 printed pages, 2 blank pages and 1 Insert.

Section A (Short Answer)

Answer all questions.

(b) Briefly explain two advantages of public sector businesses. [3]

2 (a) Define ‘productivity’. [2]

3 Explain why accurate cost data is important to a business. [5]

4 (a) Define ‘product differentiation’. [2]

(b) Briefly explain two marketing benefits of product differentiation. [3]

Answer one question only.

© UCLES 2016 9609/12/F/M/16

© UCLES 2016 9609/12/F/M/16

© UCLES 2016 9609/12/F/M/16

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

This document consists of 2 printed pages, 2 blank pages and 1 Insert.

Section A (Short Answer)

Answer all questions.

1 (a) Define the term ‘market research’. [2]

2 (a) Define the term ‘working capital’. [2]

4 (a) Define the term ‘economies of scale’. [2]

(b) Briefly explain two causes of diseconomies of scale. [3]

Answer one question only.

6 ‘Maslow’s theory of motivation can ensure success for all businesses.’

Discuss this statement. [20]

© UCLES 2017 9609/12/F/M/17

© UCLES 2017 9609/12/F/M/17

© UCLES 2017 9609/12/F/M/17

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

This document consists of 2 printed pages, 2 blank pages and 1 Insert.

Section A (Short Answer)

Answer all questions.

1 (a) Define the term ‘random sampling’. [2]

2 (a) Define the term ‘entrepreneur’. [2]

(b) Briefly explain two qualities of a successful entrepreneur. [3]

3 Explain why mass customisation might be used by businesses. [5]

4 (a) Define the term ‘labour turnover’. [2]

Answer one question only.

Do you agree? Justify your answer. [20]

© UCLES 2018 9609/12/F/M/18

© UCLES 2018 9609/12/F/M/18

© UCLES 2018 9609/12/F/M/18

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

This document consists of 2 printed pages, 2 blank pages and 1 Insert.

Section A (Short Answer)

Answer all questions.

1 (a) Define the term ‘Just in Time’ (JIT). [2]

2 (a) Define the term ‘demand’. [2]

4 (a) Define the term ‘statement of financial position’. [2]

Answer one question only.

6 ‘An effective manager must perform all of Mintzberg’s roles of management.’

Do you agree with this statement? Justify your view. [20]

© UCLES 2019 9609/12/F/M/19

© UCLES 2019 9609/12/F/M/19

© UCLES 2019 9609/12/F/M/19

You must answer on the enclosed answer booklet.

You will need: Answer booklet (enclosed)

This document has 4 pages. Blank pages are indicated.

Section A (Short Answer)

Answer all questions.

You are advised to spend no more than 35 minutes on Section A.

1 (a) Define the term ‘Product Life Cycle’. [2]