INTEGRATION PAPER

Contemporary World
Mr. Hernan Paul Cerbo
December 06 2023
Mary Queen Castro Abe
 The Summary of my Learnings about Contemporary World

First and foremost, the subject Contemporary World helps students in many aspects. Learning
this subject will teach us to be more wary of what’s happening in our world in present times, so if
we acquire the knowledge, we will be aware of what we can do in order to prevent those rampant
difficulties we are facing related to Contemporary World. The first lesson we tackle is all about
defining globalization, and based on the book, globalization refers to a process of expanding
various sociocultural and socioecological processes from a national to an international and
transcultural level. To make it simple, globalization is any activity that creates connections
between states all over the world; it also includes economic growth, technology, politics, and
business. Why is globalization so important? This question bothered my mind when we were
having a discussion about this topic, yet I realized that globalization is very important to us due
to the fact that it makes the people of the world more united in many ways. The second lesson is
about interrogating globalization. If lesson one is all about defining globalization, lesson two
made us dig deeper into globalization. Later on, after lesson 2, lesson 3 came, and as I remember,
it was all about the global economy. When we say global economy, it just refers to the changes in
the economic status of all states and how they can affect their people, as well as the possible
actions to prevent them. Furthermore, lesson 4 taught what the global interstate system is, and
the book stated that the global interstate system is an institutional arrangement of governance
that addresses regional or globalized issues that go beyond the scope of a nation-state. We’ve
also learned lesson 5, which made us more knowledgeable about market integration. Market
integration is a process by which economies are becoming more interdependent and
interconnected in terms of commodity flows, including externalities and spillover impacts. The
market integration has actors called IFI’s, also known as International Financial Institutions, and
the best example is the World Bank. For what reason can the IFI help the economies become
more interconnected? So our teacher said IFI are the institutions that allow a state to borrow
money from a corporation, and this money will be beneficial to the people because the money
they will borrow is used to fund upcoming infrastructure projects. Moreover, the sixth lesson is
about global governance, which refers to a movement among transnational actors towards
political cooperation aimed at solving issues or problems that affect more than one state or
region. This also includes agreements between states, the multilateral system, and the primary
tool of decision. For example, the UN (United Nations) is considered a form of global
governance because it is a corporation composed of many states that address issues and problems
all over the world, therefore the UN is considered one. The United Nations has five organs the
UN General Assembly, UN Secretariat, International Court of Justice, UN Security Council, and
UN Economic and Social Council. These branches have significant functions in terms of settling
problems or disputes. Next on the list is lesson 7, The General Principles of International Law.
First, what is international law and national law? International law is a law that regulates
relations between states and international persons, while national law is a law that regulates
individuals among themselves or within the state. There are four principles of law: international
peace and security, international trade, international crimes, and lastly, international humanitarian
law. Then we tackle lesson 8 entitled State, Nationality, and Statelessness. The state refers to the
entities that have rights and responsibilities under international law and which have the capacity
to maintain their rights by bringing international claims. On the other hand, nationality means the
legal bond having as its basis a social fact of attachment, a genuine connection of existence,
interest, and sentiments, together with the existence of reciprocal rights and duties. A state has
four elements such as a permanent population, defined territory, a government, and the capacity
to enter into relations with other states. Law of the Sea is the ninth lesson. There are four key
terms in this lesson: Law of the Sea, Baseline, Archipelagic State, and Archipelago. The Law of
the Sea is a body of international rules that binds states and other subjects of international law in
maritime affairs. While baseline is the line from which the outer limits of maritime spaces under
the national jurisdiction of the coastal state are measured, it is also the line distinguishing
international waters from territorial seas. However, the archipelagic state refers to a state
constituted wholly by one or more archipelagos and may include other islands. Last but not least
is the archipelago. An archipelago means a group of islands, including parts of islands,
interconnecting waters, and other natural features that are so closely interrelated that such
islands, waters, and other natural features form an intrinsic geographical, economic, and political
entity. Lesson 9 made us enlightened about many questions, like: What are our rights in terms of
seas? What are the scope and limitations of our territorial sea? Did we violate the law if we
exploited resources outside the territorial sea? and many clarifications related to maritime affairs.
Then next is lesson 10, which is all about international human rights law. According to the book,
human rights laws transcend state boundaries by seeking to define and uphold those rights held
universally by every person, regardless of nationality. The Universal Declaration of Human
Rights was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on December 10, 1984, at the
Palais de Challiot, Paris. Overall, there are 30 articles, but I just mention several of them: the
first article is Life, Liberty, and Security; the second article is Freedom from Slavery or
Servitude; the third article is Freedom from any Torture, Degrading Treatment, or Cruel,
Inhuman, or Punishment; the fourth article is Recognition everywhere as a Person Before the
Law; the fifth article is Equal Protection of the Law; and the sixth article is Effective Remedy by
the Competent National Tribunal, The seventh article is Freedom from Arbitrary Arrest,
Detention, or Exile; the eighth article is Fair and Public Hearing by an Independent and Impartial
Tribunal; the ninth article is Presumption of Innocence until Proven Guilty; the tenth article is
Freedom from Arbitrary Interference with His Privacy, Family, Home, and Correspondence; the
eleventh article is Freedom of Movement and Residence within the Borders of Each State; and
the right to leave any country, including his own, and return to his country; the twelve article
Seek’s and to enjoy asylum from persecution; and many more. Furthermore, we also tackle the
eleventh- fifteenth lesson but to make the integration paper short I will not include it anymore
and overall information indicates that I have learned many things about the subject
Contemporary World and I am thankful to our teacher, Sir Paul because even though we are
stubborn he is very patient on handling us..