Writing with Academic Integrity

Originality and Plagiarism

 Information that is not referenced is assumed to be either common knowledge or your
own work or ideas; if it is not, then it is assumed to be plagiarized.
Why the need to work with sources?
 Academic writing is not a simple writing task. It is more than expressing opinions,
revealing facts or even presenting results of research statistics.
 Academic writing demands from the writer or researcher the most appropriate ways to
show how the issue, claim or problems where the utilization of cited sources
contributed in its development result to producing conclusions and recommendations.
Common ways to work with the sources:
1. To support a position, analysis, or interpretation
2. To assess the uses and limits of an analysis or interpretation
3. To apply a concept to a new case or situation
4. To change the terms of debate
5. To uncover an enabling assumption and its consequences

What is PLAGIARSIM?
 Plagiarism is copying of words or ideas of another person and using them as your own.
 The conscious act of copying the works of others without the benefit of recognizing the
author/s is a big mistake in establishing the truthfulness of one’s academic writing
(Swales & Feak, 2004) .
 It is a sign of disrespect of other people intellectual right.
 It is also when one buys a research paper, when one pays someone to write for her/him,
or when one lends his/her paper to another.
 It can also take place when one reproduces/ photocopies a page or pages of articles
from varied sources.
 It is when one does not correctly paraphrase a sentence or group of sentences.
 It is using the same sentence structures and synonyms of words.
Types of plagiarizing academic writing
 Word-switching
 Done by simply copying the original words without using quotation marks to
identify the quoted source replacing the word with word of similar meaning but
maintains the original sentence structure.
 Concealing sources
 This type of plagiarism gives the writer a chance not to tell the source, or citing
source once though it has been used several times.

 Re-using your previous work

 Re-submission of your academic writing to the same person or another teacher
and re-suing of some group of ideas are still considered cheating. It is also known
as self-plagiarism.

 Clone
 Submitting another’s work, word-for-word as one’s own

 CTRL-C
 Contains significant portions of text from a single source without alterations

 Find-Replace
 Changing key words and phrases but retaining the essential content of source

 Remix
 Paraphrases from multiple sources, made to fit together

 Recycle
 Borrows generously from the writer’s previous work without citation

 Hybrid
 Combines perfectly cited sources with copied passages without citation

 Mashup
 Mixes copied material from multiple sources

 404 Error
 Includes citations to non-existent or inaccurate information about sources

 Aggregator
  Includes proper citation to sources but the paper contains almost no original
work

 Re-tweet
 Includes proper citation, but relies too closely on the text’s original words and/
or structures

How to Avoid PLAGIARISM?

 The basic rule in avoiding plagiarism is to recognize or cite the sources of whatever is
borrowed from others, be it a single word, phrase, sentence or even the whole article.
 Quoting is duplicating the word or words exactly as they appear in the original source.
 It can be short quotation of single word, a phrase or a sentence.
 It can also be long quotation of more than four sentences or a short paragraph.

 Direct quotation is done by enclosing the copied information with quotation marks and
with the name/s of authors and its copyright date.
Example:
According to Tan (2022), “a number of businesses in the City of Koronadal have been forced to
close because of violations.”
 Direct quotation can be run-in quotation, meaning the quotation runs within the text
 This kind of quotation is best used if the quoted lines do not reach seven
sentences.
 Set-off text is a quotation that is run outside the sentence.
 It is written in a paragraph form indented from the original text line.
 This is applicable if the quoted lines are more than six sentences.
 Paraphrasing is re-stating the original text maintaining the same number of words, but
it should be noted that using words with similar meaning or synonyms must not be used
in restating the copied information.
 Summarizing is reconstruction of the original text using your own words in a concise
manner.
 The summary size should be one-third (1/3) or one-fourth (1/4) of the original text.