Proposed Topic

On
AUTOMATIC LIGHT CONTROL
SYSTEM

Profile
Name: Pema Thinley
Contact: 17897769
Email: pemathinley17482891@gmail.com
Introduction
Automation has become one of the key features in the modern era. The advancement in lighting
technology has improved a grate influential inside a house, building sector and other large sectors.
There are various numbers of control strategies and methods applied in controlling light systems.
Automation has now replaced many manual controls to control to save energy and work force. The
Automatic light control system is a reliable system that not only controls the light but also saves energy.
Moreover, in Bhutan there is a need in shifts of behavioral change towards energy consumption. Thus,
automatic light control system is the reliable solution to save energy in the country.
Needs and Problems
1. Over the last one decade, the electricity consumption of an average Bhutanese has increased
almost by threefold. There is a need to shift towards understanding consumption behaviors
and habits, and to utilize data to shift towards efficient use, and supply.
2. People often forget to turn off the light when going out. These actions lead to unnecessary
loss of energy.
3. In most of the large structures like classrooms, halls, hostels, buildings etc., it needs the efforts
of humans to put-off the light.
4. The disabled people and children face inaccessibility of light switches to access the light.
Related research in the field of light automation
Bai and Ku (2008) stated energy has become a major problem around the world. Also, the power
consumption inside houses makes up the largest energy consumption. The electricity is an important
resource it must be utilized carefully. SAAD et al. (2013) had shown lighting results in 10-38% of total
energy consumption worldwide compared to other appliances. Doulos et al., (2019) asserted that in a
building sector, the energy consumption for lighting renegades from 20% to 45% of the total energy.
Bai and Ku (2008) projected the unnecessary energy consumption happens when a person forgets to
switch OFF the light.
Ranjit et al. (2009) proposed automatic light control system makes the lighting system more advanced
and also save the electrical energy as the light is utilized only in the presence of a person. A lighting-
controlled system was demonstrated to the public for the energy saving. After operating the system
for nine months, 50 percent of the energy saving was achieved compared to the manual operation.
Goyal & Arya (2017) also presented that automation can provides help to the people including disable
one to access the lighting system.
Working of Automatic Light Control System
The proposed design of an automatic light control that controls the room light based on the light
intensity and detection of human presence inside a room is described. The system comprises of
sensors network like microcontroller, IR sensor, PIR sensor, LDR sensor and basic electrical
components. The microcontroller controls the system and operates as the heart of the system. The
light will be ON/OFF when the conditions of the LDR, PIR and IR sensor are fulfilled. The LDR
will be active during the night time and IR and PIR sensors will be triggered in the presence of humans.
This design the ALC system that can reduce the energy consumption. The system will be beneficial to
disabled people and children who have inaccessibility of light switches.
Algorithm
Step 1. START
Step 2. Initialize the input and output port
• Relay in off state
• Count=0

Step 3. Checking LDR

• If bright (low resistance): Go to Step 10
• If dark (high resistance): Go to Step 4

Step 4. Checking the signal of two IR sensor:

• If IR sensor1 is interrupted (detection of incoming person): Go to Step 5
• IF IR sensor2 is interrupted (outgoing person detected): Go to Step 6

Step 5. Count=Count+1
Step 6. Count=Count-1 Step
7. Checking Counter:
• If count<=0, go to Step 8.
• If count >=1, go to Step 8.

Step 8. Checking PIR sensor:

• PIR is interrupted, go to Step 9
• PIR is not interrupted, go to Step 10

Step 9. Turn ON relay (Light ON).

Step 10. Turn OFF relay (Light OFF).
Proposed design: Flow chart

Figure 1: Flow chart

Automatic light control circuit design

Figure 2: ALC system design

The figure 2 shows the ALC system design in Proteus software. The system as two IR sensors, PIR
sensor, LDR, LED, relay as switch and ATmega328p microcontroller. There is also LCD to display
the counter number indicating person leaving and entering a room.
Note: LCD is used to display the count of a counter.
Conclusion
In the past ten years, the ordinary Bhutanese has roughly tripled their power use. In order to transition
toward efficient use and supply, there is a need to better understand consumption patterns and habits
and use data to support such changes. Thus, the proposed design helps to analyses the current scenario
and move upon saving energy.