Non-state Institutions:

Banks and Corporations

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UNIT STIMULUS

Let’s unscramble the

letters!

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UNIT STIMULUS

AEONNTTS
IIUIONNSSTTT
These are individuals or organizations that take part
in international relations, but are not associated
with any state or nation.
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UNIT STIMULUS

NBAK

It is a financial institution that provides different

customers with several financial services, such as
deposits, lending functions, and loans.
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UNIT STIMULUS

OOAONITRPRC

It is an independent legal body governed by a set of

executives known as the board of directors.

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UNIT STIMULUS

EATRLNC
NKBA
It is the most important financial organization in a
country that oversees the country's monetary system.

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UNIT STIMULUS

DETRA
ONUNI
These are organizations formed by workers from
related fields that work for the common interest of
its members.
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CENTRAL QUESTION

How do non-state
institutions help the state
achieve societal goals?

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Non-state Institutions

These are groups and

organizations that
operate outside the
support of any state
or government.

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CONTEMPORARY
EXPERIENCE

Online Banking

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“Nowadays, the internet plays an important role in
transactions. Various establishments offer online services
such as food ordering, reservations, and banking
transactions via platforms such as digital wallets and
online banking apps.

When the pandemic struck,people could not leave their

homes. Establishments created ways for clients to
conduct transactions online as part of their contingency
plans and adjust to the new normal. Banks are one of
these establishments where consumers can complete
their transactions online.
Mobile banking is the act of using a mobile
device, such as a smartphone, to access
and manage one's bank accounts and
conduct various financial activities. Mobile
banking applications provide a convenient
and safe way to handle one’s finances, even
at home.”
Banks

Banks are financial

institutions licensed to
provide several financial
services.

v Banks offer many

ways to manage our
finances. Do you go to
a bank?”
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Types of Banks

Retail Bank Commercial Bank

“There are different types of banks based on their objectives
and the customers they cater. Retail banks focus on the
general public while commercial banks provide the same
services to clients including businesses.”
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Types of Banks
Investment or Industrial Bank Agricultural Bank

“Another way to differentiate banks is by their missions.

Agricultural banks, as the name suggests, cater to the
financial needs of farmers and the farming industry. On
the other hand, an investment or an industrial bank
provide medium- and long-term loans and deposits to
business industries.“ 15
Types of Banks

Central Bank “Perhaps the most

important of them is the
central bank. It is the
most important financial
organization in a
country that oversees
the country's monetary
system.

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Corporations

Corporations are legal

entities with rights,
privileges, and
responsibilities.

A corporation is owned
by a group of people
called shareholders.

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Types of Corporations

Business Corporation Nonprofit Corporation

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Types of Corporations

C-Corporation
A corporation
whose income is
taxed through the
corporation itself is
a C-corporation.

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Types of Corporations

S-Corporation
An S-corporation is
taxed through its
shareholders. It can only
have less than 100
shareholders, unlike a C-
corporation which can
have an unlimited
number of shareholders.

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Banks, Corporations, and Their Social Implications

How can banks

and corporations
impact our society?

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 Banks and Corporations around Me
Bank Name Functions

1. a.

b.

Corporation Name Functions

2. a.

b.

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23
Non-state Institutions:
Cooperatives and Trade
Unions

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Cooperatives

These are an
autonomous association
of persons united
voluntarily to meet their
common economic,
social, and cultural
needs and aspirations.

“A cooperative is a democratically
owned enterprise composed of
people who are united by the same
needs and aspirations.” 25
Example: Consumer Cooperative

provides products
and commodities to
satisfy the needs of
its members
(primary customers)
and the general
public

“Cooperatives are made to fill the gaps in the

community. Can you think of how a local cooperative
in your community satisfies this role?” 26
Seven Principles Defining a Cooperative

1. voluntary and open 4. autonomy and

membership independence
2. democratic member 5. education, training,
control and information
3. member economic 6. cooperation among
participation cooperatives
7. concern for the
community
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Types of Cooperatives
Credit Cooperative
A credit cooperative
provides financial services
to its members, including
securing savings and
creating funds for issuing
loans.
Consumer Cooperative
A consumer cooperative
operates mainly to obtain
and distribute products
and commodities to its
customers, both members
and nonmembers.
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Types of Cooperatives

Producer Cooperative Producer cooperatives aid the

agricultural or industrial
production sector. A subtype of
a producer cooperative is
agricultural cooperatives, which
help producers or farmers in
marketing their crops and
purchasing supplies needed for
further production.

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Types of Cooperatives
Service Cooperative

A service cooperative (or a

worker cooperative)
concentrates on helping
workers in the service-
oriented occupations (i.e.,
health care, transportation,
labor) by creating
employment opportunities
and other benefits to its
members.
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Types of Cooperatives Multipurpose Cooperative

“Now there are

cooperatives who
serve more than
one purpose than
those mentioned.”

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“One of our human rights is to
organize or form an
association that would protect
our rights as workers. This is
why we have TRADE UNIONS.”

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 Trade Unions

These are organizations with a

membership composed of workers
or employees who aim to
represent the interests and rights
of its members, both in the
workplace and in society.

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Types of Unions

General Union
A general union
represents workers with
a range of jobs and skills
from different industries
and companies. An
example of this type of
union is a trade union of
drivers, janitors, and
office workers. 34
Types of Unions
Industrial Union
Industrial unions are
composed of workers from
one particular industry
across different levels of
the hierarchy. A trade
union of all employees who
work in the mining
industry (with different
levels and positions) is an
example of an industrial
union. 35
Types of Unions
A craft union seeks to
Craft Union represent skilled
workers doing the same
work who may be
employed in different
industries. A craft
union of carpenters is
one example.

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Types of Unions
White-collar Union
A white-collar union is
composed of professionals
doing similar jobs across
different industries. A
trade union ofteachers and
professors is an example of
a white-collar union.

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Complete Me!

Cooperatives or Trade Benefits of Membership in the

Unions Cooperative or Trade Unions
1.

2.

3.

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Sample Presentation: Complete Me!
Cooperatives or Trade Unions
PLDT Employees Multi-
Purpose Cooperative
(PECCI)
Benefits as a member of
Cooperatives or Trade Unions
● increased income by building one’s
capital investments
● access to equitable short- and long-
term loans
● attendance in cost-free training and
seminars
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Complete Me!

1. What benefits do members of cooperatives and trade unions

receive through the implemented activities and programs?
2. Do nonmembers of the institution benefit from the programs
and activities as well? In what way?
3. As a citizen of this country, how would you promote the
importance of cooperatives and trade unions?
4. How would you describe the situation of trade unions and
cooperatives at present?

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41
Non-state Institutions:
Transnational Advocacy
Groups

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Transnational Advocacy Groups

These are collections of

actors beyond national
borders with stable
relationship committed
to working on certain
issues.
There are several societal issues in every country
that states are expected to solve, but they fail or
neglect to do so. Do you know any transnational
advocacy group?
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Emergence of Transnational Advocacy Groups

IAGs respond
and influence
state behavior
Government

Boomerang Conflict
International
Advocacy
pattern Groups
State Members
of influence and Domestic
(IAG)
Advocacy Groups
(DAG)
DAGs seek
help
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Functions and Strategies

● Information politics
● Symbolic politics
● Leverage politics
● Accountability politics

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Project Proposal

Project Proposal
Name of Transnational
Advocacy Organization
Mission(s) of the Organization
Project Title
People Involved
Funding Sources
Specific Activities to be
Conducted
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Sample Presentation: Project Proposal

Project Proposal

Name of International Association of Farmers for Development

Transnational
Advocacy
Organization

Missions of the ● To support and empower farmers in producing

Organization ample, accessible, and affordable food for all
● To promote agricultural investment that fosters
area-based growth

People Involved Members of the organization, farmers, local

government officials, people’s organizations in the
community, businessmen, cooperatives
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Sample Presentation: Project Proposal

Project Proposal

Funding Sources Organizational funds, sponsorship

Projects and 1. Food Expo

Activities Local farmers will sell their own products directly to the
public without paying additional fees. With the help of the
local government, farmers will be granted free stalls for a
month. This activity will serve as a benchmark for a more
sustainable market setup in the rural community.

2. New Hybrid Expo

Farmers will have their own stalls to discuss and display
their own techniques in cultivating various crops.
Cooperatives, businessmen, and anyone interested will learn
about local crop production and production investment.
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1. What local, regional, or global issue does your
organization want to solve and why?
2. What functions and strategies would you use or
apply to solve the issue?
3. How would your project impact people's lives?

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KEY MOMENTS

Do you know that a

team from Bill &
Melinda Gates
Foundation (BMGF)
visited a premier rice
facility in the country?

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51
Non-state Institutions:
Development Agencies

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VALUES AND ATTITUDES

In this unit, the learners should be able to do the

following:

● Understand and accept differences with an open mind.

● Exercise intellectual curiosity.
● Uphold democratic principles and practices.

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Development Agencies

These are groups or

entities that are tasked
and committed to
pursue certain
developmental agenda
of the state.
“Development agencies primarily
provide support for the state’s
economic growth and progress.” 54
“Because of the broad definition of
development agencies, they play a
wide range of roles in the
community. These are the roles
according to Organization for
Economic Co-operation and
Development (OECD).’’
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Roles of Development Agencies

a. Strategic role
(coordination)
b. Asset and investment role
c. Innovation, enterprise,
skills, and employment
role
d. Promotional role
e. Capacity-building role
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Stoplight

STOP CONTINUE START

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58
Non-state Institutions:
International
Organizations

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International Organizations

These are an umbrella term

used to refer to institutions
established by three or more
states as voluntary members
in order to promote
cooperation and coordination
among them.

“In many cases, countries come together through

formal agreement or treaty. They define what
agenda to pursue. “ 60
Types of International Organizations

Intergovernmental Organizations

An intergovernmental organization is
a more common type of international
organization. In this category,
member states do not surrender
supreme power to the organization
itself. This means that the decisions of
the institution still depend on all of
its members who have the capacity to
vote, with one vote per state.
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Types of International Organizations

Global Governance
Intergovernmental
organizations illustrate
global governance, which
means that regulation and
coordination of the states
are only backed up by
shared goals and not by a
formal and legal authority.
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Types of International Organizations

Supranational Organization

In rare but possible cases, state

members can give sovereignty
or a controlling power over the
international organization they
are a part of. This category of
international organization is
referred to as a supranational
organization. 63
Types of International Organizations

● Intergovernmental
Organizations
● Global Governance
● Supranational
Organization

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Significance of International Organizations

International
organizations provide an
avenue for different
countries and states to
connect, which
strengthens the
relationship among
member states.
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Success!

Development
Project Implemented
Agency or
by the Agency or Project Description Impact of the Project
International
Organization
Organization

1.

2.

3.

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Success!

1. What is the relevance of the agency’s or organization’s

projects considering the current state of our nation?
2. How does the government help the agencies or
organizations achieve the purpose, vision, and
objectives of their goals?
3. How could the agencies and organizations address the
various conflicts they encounter while carrying out
their projects?

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PERSPECTIVE-AT-WORK
68

Non-state
Institutions