IGCSE/O LEVEL

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DIFFERENTIATION

Past Papers
(2011-2021)
Including Variants
 For
1 The equation of a curve is y = (x – 1)(x2– 6x + 2). Examiner’s
Use

(i) Find the x-coordinates of the stationary points on the curve and determine the nature of each
of these stationary points. [6]

(ii) Given that z = y2 and that z is increasing at the constant rate of 10 units per second, find the
rate of change of y when x = 2. [2]

(iii) Hence find the rate of change of x when x = 2. [2]

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3

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 dy
5 (i) Given that y = sin 3x, find
dx
. [1] For
Examiner’s
Use

(ii) Hence find the approximate increase in y as x increases from π to π + p, where p is small.
9 9
[2]

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 dy k(x + 5) , where k is a constant to be found. [3] For
6 (i) Given that y = x 2x + 15, show that
dx
= –––––––
2x + 15 Examiner’s
Use

兰 兰
5
(ii) Hence find x+5 x+5
––––––– dx and evaluate ––––––– dx. [3]
2x + 15 –3 2x + 15

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9 Variables x and y are such that y = e2x + e–2x . For
Examiner’s
dy Use
(i) Find dx . [2]

dy
(ii) By using the substitution u = e2x , find the value of y when dx = 3. [4]

(iii) Given that x is decreasing at the rate of 0.5 units s–1, find the corresponding rate of change
of y when x = 1. [3]

© UCLES 2012 4037/11/M/J/12

 3
10 An open rectangular cardboard box with a square base is to have a volume of 256 cm . Find the For
dimensions of the box if the area of cardboard used is as small as possible. [7] Examiner’s
Use

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 2
13 The rate of change of a variable x with respect to time t is 4cos t. For
Examiner’s
π Use
(i) Find the rate of change of x with respect to t when t = 6 . [1]

The rate of change of a variable y with respect to time t is 3sint.

π
(ii) Using your result from part (i), find the rate of change of y with respect to x when t = 6 . [3]

© UCLES 2012 4037/13/O/N/12

 For
Examiner’s
Use

14 The total surface area, A cm², of a solid cylinder with radius r cm and height 5 cm is given by
A = 2πr2 + 10πr. Given that r is increasing at a rate of 0.2 cm s–1, find the rate of increase of A
π
when r is 6. [4]

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 3r
17 Thenormaltothecurvey+2=3tanx,atthepointonthecurvewherex= ,cutsthe For
4 Examiner’s
y-axisatthepointP.FindthecoordinatesofP. [6] Use

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18 Variables x and y are related by the equation y = 10 - 4 sin 2 x, where 0 G x G r . Given that For
2 Examiner’s
x is increasing at a rate of 0.2 radians per second, find the corresponding rate of change of y Use
when y = 8. [6]

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19
For
Q R Examiner’s
U Use

x cm

P
T S

A piece of wire of length 96 cm is formed into the rectangular shape PQRSTU shown in the
diagram. It is given that PQ = TU = SR = x cm. It may be assumed that PQ and TU coincide
and that TS and QR have the same length.
96x - 3x 2
(i) Show that the area, A cm 2 , enclosed by the wire is given by A = . [2]
2

(ii) Given that x can vary, find the stationary value of A and determine the nature of this
stationary value. [4]

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20 Find the equation of the normal to the curve y = x + 8 at the point on the curve where x = 4.
2
For
x- 2 Examiner’s
[6] Use

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21 For
Examiner’s
Use

x cm

The diagram shows a box in the shape of a cuboid with a square cross-section of side x cm. The
volume of the box is 3500 cm3. Four pieces of tape are fastened round the box as shown. The
pieces of tape are parallel to the edges of the box.
7000
(i) Given that the total length of the four pieces of tape is L cm, show that L = 14x + . [3]
x2

(ii) Given that x can vary, find the stationary value of L and determine the nature of this stationary
value. [5]

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22 Find the coordinates of the stationary points on the curve y = x3 – 6x2 – 36x + 16. [5] For
Examiner’s
Use

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 dy
(i) Given that y = e x , find
2
23 . [2]
dx

y xe x dx .
2
(ii) Use your answer to part (i) to find [2]

y0 xe x dx .
2 2
(iii) Hence evaluate [2]

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24 Find the coordinates of the stationary point on the curve 16
y = x2 +
x
. [4]

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25

B C

8
A D

Q R h

P S
4

The diagram shows a cuboid of height h units inside a right pyramid OPQRS of height 8 units and with
square base of side 4 units. The base of the cuboid sits on the square base PQRS of the pyramid. The
points A, B, C and D are corners of the cuboid and lie on the edges OP, OQ, OR and OS, respectively,
of the pyramid OPQRS. The pyramids OPQRS and OABCD are similar.

(i) Find an expression for AD in terms of h and hence show that the volume V of the cuboid is given
h3
by V = - 4h 2 + 16h units3. [4]
4

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 15

(ii) Given that h can vary, find the value of h for which V is a maximum. [4]

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26

r cm 8 cm

h cm

6 cm

Acone,ofheight8cmandbaseradius6cm,isplacedoveracylinderofradiusrcmandheighthcm
andisincontactwiththecylinderalongthecylinder’supperrim.Thearrangementissymmetricaland
thediagramshowsaverticalcross-sectionthroughthevertexofthecone.

(i) Usesimilartrianglestoexpresshintermsof r. [2]

(ii) Henceshowthatthevolume,Vcm3,ofthecylinderisgivenbyV = 8rr 2 - 43 rr 3 . [1]

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 (iii) Giventhatrcanvary,findthevalueofr whichgivesastationaryvalueofV.Findthisstationary
valueofVintermsofπanddetermineitsnature. [6]

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27 Do not use a calculator in this question.
J 4x N
d Ke
(i) Show that - x e 4xO = pxe 4x , where p is an integer to be found. [4]
dx L 4 P

b
y0
1n 2
(ii) Hence find the exact value of xe 4x d x , giving your answer in the form a1n 2 + , where
c
a, b and c are integers to be found. [4]

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28

A B
x cm
y cm

D C

The diagram shows a badge, made of thin sheet metal, consisting of two semi-circular pieces, centres
B and C, each of radius x cm. They are attached to each other by a rectangular piece of thin sheet
metal, ABCD, such that AB and CD are the radii of the semi-circular pieces and AD = BC = y cm.

(i) Given that the area of the badge is 20 cm2, show that the perimeter, P cm, of the badge is given
40
by P = 2x + . [4]
x

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29 A curve has equation y = 2x - 5 - 12x .
x-1
dy
(i) Find . [3]
dx

d2y
(ii) Find . [2]
dx 2

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 (iii) Find the coordinates of the stationary points of the curve and determine their nature. [5]

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30 In this question all lengths are in metres.

h 0.5h + 2

A conical tent is to be made with height h , base radius r and slant height 0.5h + 2, as shown in the
diagram.

(i) Show that r 2 = 2h + 4 - 0.75h 2 . [2]

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 1 2
The volume of the tent, V, is given by rr h .
3
(ii) Given that h can vary find, correct to 2 decimal places, the value of h which gives a stationary
value of V. [5]

(iii) Determine the nature of this stationary value. [2]

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 e 3x dy
31 (a) Given that y = , find . [3]
2
4x + 1 dx

J rN J rN dy
(b) Variables x, y and t are such that y = 4 cos Kx + O + 2 3 sin Kx + O and = 10 .
3P 3P dt
L L
dy r
(i) Find the value of when x = . [3]
dx 2

dx r
(ii) Find the value of when x = . [2]
dt 2

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 5
32 It is given that y = (x - 4) (3x - 1) 3 .
dy 2
(i) Show that = (3x - 1) 3 (Ax + B) , where A and B are integers to be found. [5]
dx

(ii) Hence find, in terms of h, where h is small, the approximate change in y when x increases from
3 to 3 + h. [3]

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 d ln x 1 - 3 ln x
dx c x 3 m
33 (i) Show that = . [3]
x4

ln x
(ii) Find the exact coordinates of the stationary point of the curve y = . [3]
x3

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 J N
(iii) Use the result from part (i) to find y KKlnx4xOOdx . [4]
L P

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34
y

27
y = 16x +
x2

O x

27
The diagram shows part of the graph of y = 16x + , which has a minimum at A.
x2
(i) Find the coordinates of A. [4]

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35 Find the coordinates of the stationary point of the curve y = x + 2 . [6]
2x - 1

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36 The variables x and y are such that y = ln ^3x - 1h for x 2 1 .
3
dy
(i) Find . [2]
dx

(ii) Hence find the approximate change in x when y increases from ln ^1.2h to ln ^1.2h + 0.125. [3]

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37 In this question all lengths are in metres.

x
A 30° B
h

5 C

A water container is in the shape of a triangular prism. The diagrams show the container and
its cross-section. The cross-section of the water in the container is an isosceles triangle ABC, with
angle ABC = angle BAC = 30°. The length of AB is x and the depth of water is h. The length of the
container is 5.

(i) Show that x = 2 3 h and hence find the volume of water in the container in terms of h. [3]

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 (ii) The container is filled at a rate of 0.5 m3 per minute. At the instant when h is 0.25 m, find

(a) the rate at which h is increasing, [4]

(b) the rate at which x is increasing. [2]

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38 In this question all lengths are in centimetres.
1
The volume of a cone of height h and base radius r is given by V = rr 2 h .
3
r 6- 2 r 6+ 2 r
It is known that sin = , cos = , tan = 2 - 3.
12 4 12 4 12

r h
rad
6

A water cup is in the shape of a cone with its axis vertical. The diagrams show the cup and its
r
cross-section. The vertical angle of the cone is radians. The depth of water in the cup is h. The
6
surface of the water is a circle of radius r.

(i) Find an expression for r in terms of h and show that the volume of water in the cup is given by
r (7 - 4 3) h 3
V= . [4]
3

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 (ii) Water is poured into the cup at a rate of 30 cm3 s–1. Find, correct to 2 decimal places, the rate at
which the depth of water is increasing when h = 5. [4]

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39
y

y = a + 4 cos bx

0 r P x
6

The diagram shows part of the curve y = a + 4 cos bx , where a and b are positive constants. The curve
meets the y-axis at the point (0, 6) and the x-axis at the point b , 0l . The curve meets the x-axis again at the
r
6
point P and has a minimum at the point M.

(i) Find the value of a and of b. [3]

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 Using your values of a and b find,

(ii) the exact coordinates of P, [2]

(iii) the exact coordinates of M. [2]

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40

h cm 4x cm

x cm

The diagram shows an open container in the shape of a cuboid of width x cm, length 4x cm and height h cm.
The volume of the container is 800 cm3.
2000
(i) Show that the external surface area, S cm2, of the open container is such that S = 4x 2 + . [4]
x

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 (ii) Given that x can vary, find the stationary value of S and determine its nature. [5]

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41 A solid circular cylinder has a base radius of r cm and a height of h cm. The cylinder has a volume of
1200r cm 3 and a total surface area of S cm2.

(i) Show that S = 2rr 2 + 2400

r
r
. [3]

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 (ii) Given that h and r can vary, find the stationary value of S and determine its nature. [5]

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 1
Differentiate y = `3x 2 - 1j
-
3
42 (i) with respect to x. [2]

(ii) Find the approximate change in y as x increases from 3 to 3 + p, where p is small. [1]

1
Find the equation of the normal to the curve y = `3x 2 - 1j
-
3
(iii) at the point where x = 3 . [3]

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43 (i) Differentiate (x 2 + 3) ln (x 2 + 3) with respect to x. [3]

(ii) Hence find y x ln (x 2 + 3) dx. [2]

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 dy
44 (i) Given that y = ln2x , find . [3]
x dx

(ii) Find the coordinates of the stationary point on the curve y = ln2x . [3]
x

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45 The radius, r cm, of a circle is increasing at the rate of 5 cms–1. Find, in terms of r, the rate at which the
area of the circle is increasing when r = 3. [4]

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46 A curve has equation y = (2x - 1) 4x + 3 .
dy 4 (Ax + B)
(a) Show that = , where A and B are constants. [5]
dx 4x + 3

(b) Hence write down the x-coordinate of the stationary point of the curve. [1]

(c) Determine the nature of this stationary point. [2]

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47 In this question all lengths are in centimetres.
4 3
The volume and surface area of a sphere of radius r are rr and 4rr 2 respectively.
3

The diagram shows a solid object made from a hemisphere of radius x and a cylinder of radius x and
height y. The volume of the object is 500 cm3.

(a) Find an expression for y in terms of x and show that the surface area, S, of the object is given by
5 1000
S = rx 2 + . [4]
3 x

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 (b) Given that x can vary and that S has a minimum value, find the value of x for which S is a minimum.
[4]

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 `x 2 - 5j3
1

48 A curve has equation y = for x 2- 1.

x+1

dy Ax 2 + Bx + C
(a) Show that = where A, B and C are integers. [6]
dx
3 `x + 1j `x 2 - 5j
2
2 3

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 (b) Find the x-coordinate of the stationary point on the curve. [2]

(c) Explain how you could determine the nature of this stationary point. [2]
[You are not required to find the nature of this stationary point.]

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49 (a) Find the x-coordinates of the stationary points on the curve y = 3 ln x + x 2 - 7x , where x 2 0 .
[5]

(b) Determine the nature of each of these stationary points. [3]

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50 It is given that x = 2 + sec i and y = 5 + tan 2 i .

(a) Express y in terms of x. [2]

dy
(b) Find in terms of x. [1]
dx

(c) A curve has the equation found in part (a). Find the equation of the tangent to the curve when
r
i= . [4]
3

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51
y

5
y= + 2x
x-1

2y = 9x
x=4

0 x

5
The diagram shows part of the curve y = + 2x , and the straight lines x = 4 and 2y = 9x .
x-1
5
(a) Find the coordinates of the stationary point on the curve y = + 2x . [5]
x-1

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 Answers
!
1.(i)𝑀𝑎𝑥@ = ; 𝑀𝑖𝑛@ 𝑥 = 4 15.(i) 14 − 4𝑒
"
&
#$ (ii) 𝑥 = (#)
(ii) %
$ 16.(i) (−3,0)
(iii)&'
+
17.𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = ' − 5
2. (ii)3 𝑏𝑦 6 𝑏𝑦 4
18.−0.8
(iii)−38𝑝, 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒
19.(ii) 384; 𝑚𝑎𝑥
3.(i) 𝐴(0,5)
(
(ii)50 20. 𝑦 = ! 𝑥 + 10

4. 4 22. (−2,56); (56, −200)

!
5.(i)3 cos 3𝑥 23.(i)2𝑥𝑒 *
(ii)1.5𝑝 ( !
(ii)! 𝑒 *
6.(i)𝑘 = 3
(iii)268
"&
(ii) " 24. (2,12)
7.(i) 𝐴 = 4 '
25.(ii) "
(iii)𝑥 = 0.216 &
26.(i) (6 − 𝑟)
"
8. (i)𝑘 = 2
(!'
(iii)𝑣 = 𝜋 ; 𝑀𝑎𝑥
(ii)−0.108𝑝 "

( 27.(i)𝑝 = −4
(iii)𝑦 =
)
($
!* #!* (ii)4𝑙𝑛2 − (%
9.(i)2𝑒 − 2𝑒
$ ,!- '.
(ii)𝑦 = 28.(ii)𝑥 = 2√5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ,!
= "
𝑠𝑜 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚
!
!(*#()#(!*#$)
(iii)−725 29.(i) (*#()!
10. 𝑥 = 8 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ℎ = 4
(ii)−6(𝑥 − 1)#"
11.(i)(0,0), 𝑀𝑎𝑥
(iii)𝑥 = 0.5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 1.5 𝑦 = 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 − 22, 𝑀𝑖𝑛@ 𝑥 = 0.5,
(ii)(0,0), 𝑀𝑎𝑥 𝑀𝑎𝑥@ 𝑥 = 1.5

12.(ii)𝐴 = 2, 𝐵 = 1 30.(ii)ℎ = 2.49

(iii)I0, − J 𝑀𝑎𝑥
( (iii)−7.545 𝑚𝑎𝑥
!
!
") "#(%# &') #'*) "#
13. (i)3 31a. (&* ! 1()!

(ii)0.5 ,2
b.(i),* = −5
14. 6.8
,2
(ii),* = −2
32.(i) 𝐴 = 8, 𝐵 = −21 " "..
47b. 𝑥 = Y
+
(ii) 12ℎ
(
48a. 𝐴 = −1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵 = 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐 = 15
33.(ii)")
b. 5
( 45*
(iii) − 3* " − 49a. 0.5, 3
"* "
"
34.(i) 𝑥 = ! , 𝑦 = 36 b. 𝑥 = 0.5; max 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 = 3; 𝑚𝑖𝑛

35. 𝑥 = 3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = √5 50a. 𝑦 = (𝑥 − 2)! + 4

" b. 2(x-2)
36.(i) "*#(
c. 𝑦 − 8 = 4(𝑥 − 4)
(ii)0.05
√(.
! 51a. 𝑥 = 1 + ,𝑦 = 2 + 2√10
37.(i) 𝑣 = 5√3ℎ !

(ii)a. 0.115
!
b. $

38.(ii) 5.32
39.(i) 𝐴 = 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵 = 4
+
(ii)( , 0)
"
+
(iii)( , 2)
&

40.(ii)𝑠 = 476 𝑀𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚

41.(ii) 1340 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚

%
#(
42.(i) "
× 6𝑥(3𝑥 ! − 1)#"

(ii) −0.217𝑝
( '
(iii)𝑦 − ! = (𝑥 − V3)
√"

!*
43.(i) (𝑥 ! + 3) (* ! 1") + 2𝑥 ln (𝑥 ! + 3)

( *!
(ii)! (𝑥 ! + 3) ln(𝑥 ! + 3) − !

*#!*45*
44.(i) *%

(ii) 𝑥 = 1.65 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 0.184

45. 30𝜋
46a.𝐴 = 3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵 = 1
(
b.− "

c. 𝑀𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚