structured query language - A specialized programming language which is standardized to be

used for managing relational databases and performing various operations on the data.
Clause - An element of SQL which is a constituent components of statements and queries.
Expression - It is and element which can have either scalar values, or tables consisting of
columns and rows of data
Predicates - Used to specify conditions that can be evaluated to SQL three-valued logic (3VL)
(true/false/unknown) or Boolean truth values (true/false) and are used to limit the effects of
statements and queries, or to change program flow.
Queries - Are used to retrieve the data based on specific criteria.
Statements - It is which may have a persistent effect on schema and data, or may control
transactions, program flow, connections, sessions, or diagnostics.
Semicolon (:) - SQL statements include a special character to terminate statements
SELECT - A command which selects attribute from rows in one or more tables or views
BETWEEN - An operator which checks whether an attribute value is within a range
COUNT - A function which returns the number of rows with non-null values for a given column
WHERE - Command which restricts the selection of rows based on a conditional expression.
MAX - Returns the maximum attribute value found in a given column
Distinct - An operator which limits values to unique values
is null - Checks whether an attribute value is null
in - Checks whether an attribute value matches any value within a value list
Update - Modifies an attribute's values in one or more table's rows
Having - Restricts the selection of grouped rows based on a condition
Grant - Gives a user permission to take a system action or access a data object.
Inner join - Creates a new result table by combining column values of two tables (table1 and
table2) based upon the join-predicate. The query compares each row of table1 with each row
of table2 to find all pairs of rows which satisfy the join-predicate. When the join-predicate is
satisfied, column values for each matched pair of rows of A and B are combined into a result
row.
Outer Join - Returns all rows from both the participating tables which satisfy the join condition
along with rows which do not satisfy the join condition.
Order by - A clause which is used to sort the records in the result set for a SELECT statement.
As - Allows you to rename a column or table using an alias.
Left join - Returns all rows from the left table, and the matched rows from the right table.
Rows in the left table will be returned even if there was no match in the right table. The rows
from the left table with no match in the right table will have null for right table values.
Right - Returns all rows from the right table, and the matched rows from the left table.
Opposite of a left join, this will return all rows from the right table even where there is no
match in the left table. Rows in the right table that have no match in the left table will have null
values for left table columns.
Like - Used in a WHERE or HAVING (as part of the GROUP BY) to limit the selected rows to the
items when a column has a certain pattern of characters contained in it.
Create table - Creates a table in the database. You can specify the name of the table and the
columns that should be in the table.
Natural join - Returns all rows with matching values in the matching columns and
eliminates duplicate columns.
FULL OUTER JOIN - Returns all rows for which there is a match in either of the tables. So if
there are rows in the left table that do not have matches in the right table, those will be
included. Also, if there are rows in the right table that do not have matches in the left table,
those will be included.
AVG - Returns the average of all values for a given column
Like - Checks whether an attribute value matches a given string pattern.

QUIZ 2
Data Architecture - An integrated set of specification artifacts used to define data
requirements, guide integration and control of data assets, and align data investments with
business strategy.
Enterprise data architecture - A part of the larger enterprise architecture where data
architecture integrates with other business and technology architecture.
Enterprise data model - The heart and soul of enterprise data architecture.
Information value chain analysis - Aligns data with business process and other enterprise
architecture component.
Architecture - An organized arrangement of component elements, which optimizes the
function, performance, feasibility, cost, and/or aesthetics of the overall structure or system.
Enterprise Architecture - An integrated set of business and IT specification models and
artifacts reflecting enterprise integration and standardization requirements.
Architectural framework - Provide a way of thinking about and understanding architecture,
and the structures or systems requiring architecture
TOGAF/ The Open Group Architectural Framework - A process framework and standard
software development lifecycle (SDLC) method developed by The Open Group, a vendor and
technology neutral consortium for defining and promoting open standards for global
interoperability.
Zachman Enterprise Framework - The most widely known and adopted architectural
framework that has been accepted in particular by Enterprise Data Architects and published in
an IBM System Journal article in 1987.
Framework - A logical structure for identifying and organizing descriptive representations used
to manage enterprises and develop systems.
Data Model - A set of data specifications and related diagrams that reflect data requirements
and designs.
Integrated - Means that all of the data and rules in an organization are depicted once and fit
together seamlessly.
Essential - Means the data critical to the effective operation and decision-making of the
organization.
subject-oriented - Means the model is divided into commonly recognized subject areas that
span across multiple business processes and application systems.
Enterprise data model - An integrated subject-oriented data model defining the essential data
used across an entire organization.
Information value-chain analysis - Defines the critical relationships between data, processes,
roles and organizations, and other enterprise elements.
Data delivery architecture - Defines the master blueprint for how data flows across databases
and applications.
Meta-data architecture - Defines the managed flow of meta-data on how data is created,
integrated, controlled, and accessed.
Taxonomy - Hierarchical structure used for outlining topics like one in organizing and finding
books in a library.
Data warehouse architecture - Focus on how data changes and snapshots are stored in data
warehouse systems for maximum usefulness and performance.
Business intelligence architecture - Defines how decision support makes data available,
including the selection and use of business intelligence tools.
data integration architecture - Shows how data moves from source systems through staging
databases into data warehouse and data marts.
Chief data stewards - May chair data governance bodies in lieu of the CDO or may act as a CDO
in a virtual or distributed data governance organization
Privacy - Control of private confidential Personal Identifying Information (PII) through policy
and compliance monitoring.
Enterprise data stewards - They have an oversight of a data domain across business functions.
general risk management - Oversight of the risks data poses to finances or reputation,
including responses to legal and regulatory issues.
technical data stewards - Are IT professionals operating with one of the Knowledge Areas,
such as Data Integration Specialist, Database Administrators.. etc.
data stewardship - The most common label to describe accountability and responsibility for
data and processes that ensure effective control and use of data assets.
replacement cost - The cost of data lost in a disaster or data breach, including the transactions,
domains, catalogs, documents and metrics within an organization
data asset valuation - The process of understanding and calculating the economic value of
data to an organization.
market value - The value as a business asset at the time of a merger or acquisition
data policies - Are directives that codify principles and management intent into fundamental
rules governing the creation, acquisition, integrity security, quality, and use of data and
information.
coordinating data stewards - Lead and represent teams of business and technical Data
Stewards in discussion across teams and with executive Data Stewards.
Data owner - A business data steward, who has approval authority for decisions about data
within their domain
Charter - Identifies the business drivers, vision, mission, and principles for data governance,
including
implementation roadmap - Timeframes for the roll out of policies and directives, business
glossary, architecture, asset valuation, standards and procedures, expected changes to
business and technology processes, and deliverables to support auditing activities and
regulatory compliance.
business data stewards - These are business professionals, most often recognized subject
matter experts, accountable for a subset of data. They work with stakeholders to define and
control data.
Risk cost - A valuation based on potential penalties, remediation costs, and litigation
expenses, derived from legal or regulatory risk.
Executive data stewards - These are senior managers who serve on a Data Governance Council
Data management projects - Sponsoring efforts to improve data management practices
Issue management - Identifying, defining, escalating, and resolving issues related to data
security, data access, data quality, regulatory compliance, data ownership, policy, standards,
terminology, or data governance procedures
Policy - Setting and enforcing policies related to data and metadata management, access,
usage, security, and quality.
Oversight - Providing hands-on observation, audit, and correction in key areas of quality policy,
and data management.
Strategy - Defining, communicating and driving execution of data strategy and data governance
strategy
Data asset valuation - Setting standards and processes to consistently define the business
value of data assets
Standards and Quality - Setting and enforcing data quality and data architecture standards
Compliance - Ensuring the organization can meet data-related regulatory compliance
requirements