Direc all correspundence 1 Baile G. Rabat Portland Cement Assocation 13420 Old Orchant Road Stokie, 1L60077-1085 Tet: (857) 972-9082 Fax: (817) 972 9063, Enoil: brabbar@cementorsNOTES ON ACI 318-05 BUILDING CODE REQUIREMENTS FOR STRUCTURAL CONCRETE with Design Applications Edited by: Mahmoud E. Kamara Basile G. Rabbat PCA, fu 988 t00 Fates se, aaa amet sapasiepe need eet Forked ene artnet vege emg, sear en aepuic aasn,(©:205Porand ComertAssoeition ‘Nim eat, Fst ping, 2008 Prine USA Livary of Congres catalog ear mute 005006558 Isevosss12.2659 Porland Coment Asoiaca CPA") iran fr profit organiio ant proves his bic sey forthe ontning toca of ual professional, THis PUBLICATION SHOULD ONLY BE USED BY QUALIFIED PROFESSIONALS who posses alzeqed Kense(), who are competent craluite he sigifeace and Liitations tte informatio provide eri, nd who acetal respons fre eppieainof ths formation. OTHER READERS SHOULD OBTAIN ASSISTANCE FROM A QUALIFIED PROFESSIONAL BEFORE PROCEEDING. FCA and ie members make no expres oF implied waranty in connetien wih his pblon or any information ‘Sontined esi Inari, a0 wary sade of tern ries fra parsslar arose PCA ad ts ‘neers dla ry prc ably Galan wiht ton any at bi nto im connacon Wik Ns pubieaon or ay invormaton contained herein About he biling on the cover Coe phot: Tras Terao Hote nd Tower, Photo counesy of SOM Renlesngs: SOM ‘Asoc SOM ‘Seen Engineer: SOMPreface “Te ist eiton ofthis reference manual was developed 1 aid uses in applying the provisions ofthe 1971 cedton of "Building Code Requirements for Reinforcad Concrete (ACI 318-71.” The second through ith ‘etdors update he material n conformity with provisions ofthe 1977 code edition, he 1980 code supplement, fd e 1983 and 1989 code editions, respestively. The sixth, seventh and eighth edition dressed the 1995, 198, and 2002 editions of “Building Coe Requirements for Stuctaral Concrete (ACISI8-95) (ACT 318-99), ‘and (ACI 318-02). Through eight editions, much of dhe inal material bas Bes revised to eter emphasize Ihe subject mace. and new chapters added wo ase the designer in proper appkation of the ACI 318 design provisions “rhs int edition eft the contents of "Building Code Requirements for Seta Concrete (ACT 1805)" “The text and design examples have ben revised ta eflet, where posible, comments received fFom user of the™"Notes who suggested improvements in wording, identified eros, ad recommended items for inclusion cordloion “The primary purpose for publishing thi manual sto assist the enginer and archtectin tbe proper epplication “ofthe ACI318-05 design standard, The exiphassi placed on "bow so-se” the code. Forcomplee backround feformaton on the development ofthe cade provisions, the readers referred to te™Commentary on Builing Code Requirements for Stuctaral Concrete (ACT 318R-05)" hich stating with the 1989 edition, hasbeen publsied together withthe code itself under the sre cover. “This manval is als a valuable sid to edveators, contactor, materials and products manufecturers, building ode authorities, inspector, nd cther involved in the desig, consteton, andregulatin of conetete Sucre [Although every attempt has een made t© impart etorial consistency to the tity four chapters. some inconsistencies probably sil remain, Afew typograhial and othe ertors are probably als tobe found. PCA ‘would be graefl to any reader who woud tring such eros and inconsistencies to our atntion, Other suggestions for improvement are also most sincerely welcome. ale G.Rabbat Engineered Suuctues DepartAcknowledgments ‘The following Portland Cement Association staff members have contributed to update ofthis document: Iyad(B4)M Alsamsim Daniel Antonik Arsla Bers Mahmoud E. Kamara K Mae Khver ose J Messrs, Je Michal Mots BasileG. Redhat Stephen V.Skalko ‘Amy Reineke Tygestd Zhe (Max) Yan “The following consultants seisted with update ofthe 2005 eon: Kenneth B, Bondy, Consulting Stictural Engineer, Wes His, CA updated Part 26, Prestressed Slab Systems Rona A. Cook, University of Florida, Gsnesile, FL, developed Pur 34, Anchoring to Conetete, forthe 2002 eiton and updated i fo this edition ‘SK Ghosh, SK Ghosh Associate Ine Northbrook IL, helped updte Pat 2, Special Provisions for Seismic Design and reviewed extensively Par I, General Requremests David A. aoellaof Grae, Anhalt, Schoener Associates, In. developed Example 298, Dale McFarlane of PCA staf played a crucial role inthe production ofthis publication. He was responsible for "he word processing, layout and formatting of his large nd complex manscrpt. His sistance is very much appreciated. Finally, sincere grate must be expressed to the authors and contributors of various pars of the fist. Avough eighth edons of he “Notes” Their inal work i caried over ita this dion, bough their rnames aren longer separately identified with the varius prs. Robe F. Mast, BERGEW/ABAM, Federal Way, WA, updated Pans 5, 6,7, 8,24, and 25, ofthe 2002 edition al peraning w application ofthe Unified Design Provisions. Last but nt least, James Doye, Consultant, Chaplin, KY, pesfomed a thorough review ‘of Par 10, Defections fo the 2002 edition. Basile G.RabbatParts Authors) “anes J Messermith SK. Ghose K Mark Kiwver StepienV. Sialko Miche! Mots Mahmoud F- Kem Manmeod F Kamare Mahmoud E Kamara Daniel Aatoaik “Mahmoud E. Kemica ‘Mahmoud E. Kamara “Mahmoud E. Kamara Daniel Antonie Daniel Antoniak Basile G. Rabb: Basile G.Rabbet Zaije (Mas) Yon ‘Ari Beres Mahmoud F. Kamara “Mahmoud Kamara Mahmoud F. Kamara Zhijie (Max) Yon Zajc (tax) Yon ‘Mohmovd E. Kamara ‘Mahmoud E Kamara ‘Mahmoud €. Kamara Kemeth B.Boody Basile G. Rabbet Basile. Rabbat ‘SK. Ghosh, David A. Fels James Messer Mahinood F. Kamara Mahmoud E. Kamara (Mahmoud E, Kamara Ronald 4, Cook Credits Reviewers ‘Mark Kiuver, Stephen ¥. Skako James J, Merit, Stephen V. Sialko James J. Messersmith, K- Mark Klaver Basile G.Rabbet Iyad (Ed) M.Alsamsom ‘jad (Ea) M. Alsen Daniel Antonia Basile G Rabat Iyad (Ed) M.Abamsam Basile G. Rebbat, Daniel Aatonisk Basile G-Rabbat Basile G.Rabbat ‘Mahmood E. Kamara Mahmoud E Kamara ‘Mahmoud E. Kamara Basile G. Rabat Michse Mota ‘Michael Mos ‘Michael Mot Michael Mot Amy Reineke Tygestad Basile G: Rabbat Basile G.Rabbat Basile G.Rabbat ‘Mahmoud E. Kamara ‘Malimoud E Kamae ‘Mahmoud E Kamare ‘Basle G. Rabbat K Mark Kuver, Stephen V. Skalko Basile G, Rabbit Basile GRabbat Basile G.Rabbat Baile G:RabbstContents 1 General Requirements .... "3 S00RE. 1.1.6 So-Suppoed Sls LB Special Provisions fr Earthquake Resiunce 1.2 DRAWINGS AND SPECIFICATIONS 1.2.1 hems Required tobe Stown 1S INSPECTION 13.4 Records of aspecton 13.5 Special Inspections [REFERENCES 2 Materials, Concrete ually .... S-MATERIALS [UPDATE FOR THE 05 CODE. |, TESTS OF MATERIALS 32 CEMENTS, SS AGGREGATES 34 WATER 43S STEEL REINFORCEMENT. 3.52 Whising of Rinfercerent 4153 Deformed Reinforcement 3.6ADMECIURES 39 Sila Fume 4 DURABILITY REQUIREMENTS. ‘GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 2 “41 WATER CEMENTITIOUS MATERIALS RATIO. : 2 ‘42 FREEZING AND THAWING EXPOSURES. 142.3 Concrete Exposed to Deking Cheri 463 SULFATE EXPOSURES {64 CORKOSION PROTECTION OF REINFORCEMENT 'S-CONCRETE QUALITY, MIXING, AND PLACING LUPDATE FOR THE05 CODE. ‘5.11 Concrete Proportions or Sent. 5.13 Test Age for Steagth of Conse '52 SELECTION OF CONCRETE PROPORTIONS 53 PROPORTIONING ON THE BASIS OF FIELD EXPERIENCE ‘ANDIOR TRIAL MIXTURES 53.1 Supe Stn Deviation 1532 Regie Average Strength 5.3 Dosamentton of Average Compesive Suengh ‘54 PROPORTIONING WITHOUT FIELD EXPLRIENCE OR THUAL MIXTURES 28 ‘6 EVALUATION AND ACCEPTANCE OF CONCRETE 2s 561 Laboratory an Fd Tecicians 218 562 Frequency of Testing ‘(65 Investigation of Low Seng Test Ress[REFERENCES Example 2.1—Sclcon of Wat Cention Mari Rat for Sength and Durability Example 22—Suength Test Das Report Exanple 23 Selection of Concrete opoicas by Til Mixtures Example 2—Froyency of Teng Example 2 5—Freqency of Testing sane 26—Acceptres of Concree Bump 27—Accgpunee of Conese Details of Reinforcomont .........2sssscesseeeseeeee (GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 11 STANDARD HOOKS 72 MINIMUM BEND DIAMETERS TA BENDING 73.2 Feld Bending of Reilocng Bc. 115 PLACING REINFORCEMENT 75:1 Suppor for Renfree 1752 Trance in Pacing Reinforcement 754"Tack Welding 76 SPACING LIMITS FOR REINFORCEMENT 16:5Bandied Bare. 16:7 Prestesing Stel ind Dues, . 111 CONCRETE PROTECTION FOR REINFORCEMENT 178 SPECIAL REINFORCEMENT DETAILS FOR COLUMNS ‘7 CONNECTIONS ‘TOLATERAL REINFORCEMENT FOR COMPRESSION MEMBERS 0s Spiel 5 7305 Tee 71 LATERAL REINFORCEMENT FOR FLEXURAL MEMBERS. "1413 Closed Tes or Ser 1112 SHRINKAGE AND TEMPERATURE REINFORCEMENT 7713 REQUIREMENTS FOR STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY. "L131 General Sur negriy 7132 Casein Place Foi and Beas 7133 Press Concrete Construction 13. Lif-Sab Construction REFERENCES Example 3.1—Placing Tolerance for Rebar. Development and Splices of Reinforcement... (GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 121 DEVELOPMENT OF REINFORCEMENT —OENERAL. 122 DEVELOPMENT OF DEFORMED BARS AND DEFORMED WIR IN TENSION. 1225 Excess Reinforcement 123 DEVELOPMENT OF DEFORMED BARS AND DEFORMED Wiki IN ‘COMPRESSION 124 DEVELOPMENT OF BUNDLED BARS 125 DEVELOPMENT OF STANDARD HOOKS IN TENSION1252 Developmest Length “a 1253 Modication Facer. claer 125 Standard Hook at scnuous Ps. : a 126 MECHANICAL ANCHORAGE 8 127 DEVELOPMENT OF WELDED DEFORMED WiRE REINFORCEMENT INTENSION 4-8 28 DEVELOPMENT OF WELDED PLAIN WIRE REINFORCEMENT IN TENSION, 129 DEVELOPMENT OF PRESTRESSING STRAND. a 12:10 DEVELOPMENT Of FLEXURAL REINFORCEMENT GENERAL 43 12.1 DEVEL OPMENT OF POSITIVE MOMENT REINFORCEMENT. . as 12.12 DEVELOPMENT OF NEGATIVE MOMENT REINFORCEMENT “7 12.13 DEVELOPMENT OF WES REINFORCEMENT. 5 “7 12.13 Anchorage for en-Up Bas 420 12:135Closed Smaps or Ties a 12.4 SPLICES OF REINFORCEMENT. “GENERAL, a 12142 Lap Slies 42 12.143 Mechanical and Weide Slices a2 12.15 SPLICES OF DEFORMED BARS AND DEFORMED WIRE IN TENSION, 43 17216 SPLICES OF DEFORMED BARS IN COMPRESSION - 425 12.161 Compression La pees 235 12.164 az Bearing Slices. : 428 (2.17 SPECIAL SPLICE REQUIREMENTS FOR COLUMNS... co as 12.172 Lap Spices ia Colas 25 12174 Mecanlal or Welded Spices in Cale a 12.174 Rnd Bearing Slices in Colors SOT ae 1218 SPLICES OF WELDED DEFORMED WIRE REINFORCEMENT IN TENSION 428 1219 SPLICES OF WELDED PLAIN WIRE REINFORCEMENT IN TENSION a CLOSING REMARKS OT aa REFERENCES 430 Example 4-Development of Bars n Tension : a1 Example 42-Development of Bars in Tension - [Example 43.—Developmett of Bari Tension jample 44—Development of Pera Reinforcement Example 45—Lap Spe in Tetrion : Eran 4&-—Lap Spies in Compesion : ample 47—Lap Spices in Cols Design Methods and Strength Requirements... UPDATE FOR THE "05 CODE. ‘81 DESIGN METHODS. 11 Seep sig Met {£12 Unified Design Provisions 9. STRENGTH AND SERVICEABICITY GENERAL 9.1. SuengthRequirenens | : 9112 Servieaility Requires, z 913 Appendix C 92 REQUIRED STRENGTH 193 DESIGN STRENGTH 9.3.1 Nominal Sengih ve Doin Sens 9.32 Suengta Reduson Factors93,3 Development Lengths for Reinforcement 935 Suuctua iain Coneee 24 DESION STRENGTH FOR REINFORCEMENT REFERENCES General Principles of Strength Design .........+.cssse00008+ UPDATE FOR THE 0S CODE. (GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS INTRODUCTION TO UNIFIED DESIGN PROVISIONS 102 DESIGN ASSUMPTIONS 102.1 Eger of Forces and Compt of Sire 102.2 Design Asursion 1023 Desig Assunpon #2 102.4 Desigs Assunpion 3 102.5 Design Astin #8 1026 Design ASumpon 102.7 Design Asumguion 103 GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND REQUIREMENTS 103. Nomitl Renae Senet 103.2 Baunced Stan Conon 103.3 Compresson-Conraled Sections 10.34 Tesen-Conoled Sections and Triton : 1033 Maxinar Reafowenen for Fleurs Members 10.346 Maximo Axil Suen 103.7 Nominal Seng for Comieed Plesee and Axial Load 105 MINIMUM REINFORCEMENT OF FLEXURAL MEMBERS {ILLS TRANSMISSION OF COLUMN LOADS THROUGH FLOOR SYSTEM 10.17 BEARING STRENGTH ON CONCRETE . REFERENCES "Example 6.1—Moment Strength Ushg Eguvale Recangolar Suess Distabuion. Example 62 Design of Beam with Compresin Reino. ample 3 Mtimum Atal Lad Suengh ve Minium Been sample 64Load-Moren’Stengh Py td My, fe Given Sean Conions Design for Flexure and Axial Load... +++ + (GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS FLEXURE DESION OF RECTANGULAR SECTIONS WITH TENSION REINFORCEMENTS ONLY DESIGN PROCEDURE FOR SECTIONS WITH TENSION REINFORCEMENT ONLY DDFSIGN PROCEDURE FOR SECTIONS WITH MULTIPLE LAYERS OF STEEL. DESIGN PROCEDURE FOR RECTANGULAR SECTIONS WITH COMPRESSION REINFORCEMENT (se Part 6) DESIGN PROCEDURE FOR FLANGED SECTIONS WITH TENSION REINFORCEMENT (se Par 6) [GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS ~ FLEXURE AND AXTAL LOAD (GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS BIAXIAL LOADING. BIAXIAL INTERACTION STRENGTH FAILURE SURFACES A, Breer Resprocel Load Method B. Brser Land Cntr Method W os 1 0 ua ™ 3(C. PCA Load Contour Meth. as MANUAL DESIGN PROCEDIRE, nm REFERENCES 7 Example 7.1—Desgn of Recangilr Beam with Tension Reinfocinet Only 73 Example 72—Despn of Oa Way Sola Sb ™ ‘Example 73 —Devgn of Recianglr Bes win Compesin Reinfercemert 275 ‘Bxample 14—Design of Flanged Scion wit Tension Resforceent Oly mae) Example 7.5—Design of Flange! Seeuen with Tension Renfreest Oly 235 Example 716-Dsign of One-Way ist. : 138 Example 77-Oesgn of Cotanous Beams . 13 Example 78—Design of Squre Cal fr Bll Looting 146 8 Recstution of Negative Moments in Continuous Flexural Members « UPDATE FOR THE "05 CODE, BACKGROUND £84 REDISTRIBUTION OF NEGATIVE MOMENTS IN CONTINUOUS FLEXURAL MEMBERS a REFERENCE. eo ramp 8.1 Moran Redistitotion . Bs ample #2—MernentRedttaion . : Bs 8 Distribution of Flexural Felnforcement 04 UPDATE FOR THE "05 CODE... . 94 (GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS . ca 1 BEAMS AND ONE-WAY SLABS uo of 92 1064 Ditton of Teasin Reinforemeat . sa 1063 Comosve Eavzcamets : 93 1066 Distt of Tesi Rlsforcemnt in Flanges of F cas, : 4 167 Gas Cn Reiafareaa ap sarees, 34 13.4 TWO-WAY SLABS : 38 REFERENCES 95 _Bxample 9.1—Distibon of Reafrcemen for Esectve Crk Conol . re ‘uani92_Dstbuiof Furl Rfocenen Deep Fen Mester wh Flanges 7 10 Dettections P . peeeeeeer 104 ‘GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS : : 1 9 SCONTROL OF DEFLECTIONS, . : 10 -ACISI8 Matos . 06 ‘Aemate Method 107 5553 Two. Way Consryticn Noupresres) 1010 95. Presuesso Concrete Consroction ras 95:5 Composite Consrvcon jour REFERENCES 1020 Exanpe 10.1—Sirpl Spay Nowpresessed Recanglar Bea on sat 2 Contos opted Fea 1025 3S System Wit Beams (Fla Pate) ioe Exam bao Way Bean append Sys oat ‘Example 1055—Simple Span esested Single Fea : 2 aesExample 10.6—-Uasared Nonpeestessed Compas Beam ne Example 10.7—Shore Nongrestested Composite Beam wos 11 Design for Slonderness Etfects .......cessescescsessseeecsceesesseeees HD UPDATE FOR THE ts CODE, (GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS ‘CONSIDERATION OF SLENDERNESS EFFECTS. [IL10 SLENDERNESS EFFECTS IN COMPRESSION MEMBERS 10101 Second OrerFrame Aalysis.-. 10.11 APPROXIMATE EVALUATION OF SLENDERNESS EFFECTS 10.1.1 Seeoa operator Frame Anas 1112 Radios of Gyrtion 1WL113, 10.121 Unspponed ind Eocve Lengths of Compression Member L114 Now Sway Vers Sway Famer L118 Moment Mapai d for Bisa Bending 101122, 10132 Consderion of Senderess feces 10123 Moment Mapnifieaioe—Nonsvay Panes... a 10133 Moment Mapaifiatin—Sway Fame 10134 Caleulton of 4, 10135 Location of Maximus omen. 10.1346 Stet Sability Under Geaviy Loads 10.137 Moment Mapifietion fo Flexural Memes SUMMARY OF DESIGN EQUATIONS REFERENCES... "Example 1-1 Slendeness Elec for Coluens ia a Nosnay ome ramp 1 2—Slenderess fe for Columns a Sway Frames sos UPDATE FOR THE 05 COD, GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS , — 11 SHEARS ILL2 Limite yf, 1H.L3 Computaten of Maxim Faced Shear Fre . 112 LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE. 13 SHEAR STRENGTH PROVIDED BY CONCRETE FOR NONPRESTRESSED MEMBERS ns 11.5 SHEAR STRENGTH PROVIDED BY SHEAR REINFORCEMENT 126 15.1 Types of Shear Reafoeement 26 154 Anchorage Detals for Sear Reinforces 26 1155 Spacing Limits for Shoe Reinforeme3t 26 15.6 Minima Sher Reinforcement ; ns 159 Design Seat Reinforces? at Design Procedure for Stew Reinforce. na 17-—COMPOSITE CONRETE FLEXURAL MEMBERS 1210 174 VERTICAL SHEAR STRENGTH 20 17S HORIZONTAL SHEAR STRENGTH — : 17.6TIES FOR HORIZONTAL SHEAR io REFERENCES cm xanple12.1—Design or Shea Memes Subject Shear and Flexare Oaly = 13sample (22—Design er Shear with Axial Teasion Example [23—Desgn fer Shar with AXal Compression Example [24 Design fer Shor Concrete Fer Joist. Example 125—Desgn fer Shear Shear Strngt at Wed Opeigs. Example 12.6—Desgn fr Horzotal Shes 13 Torsion [UPDATE FOR THE 08 CODE. BACKGROUND 1.61 Thestald Torsion. : 1.62 Bqulim and Compt Facoed Torsional Moment Ty 1,63 Tesora Mores Stet 1164 Dewi of Tein Relaforcencat 1165 Misi Toon Renfrcem=nt : 1,66 Spcig of Tonson Reinforcement : 11.87 Alematve Design fr Tsion o Z18.4SU ALTERNATIVE DESIGN PROCEDURE FOR TORSION REFERENCES : Example 13. Preset Sandel Beam Despn for Combine) Shea snd Tenon 14 Shear Friction. ..-.-.+.0-++ ‘GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 117 SHEAR-FRICTION, 5 : 1.71 applications 11.73 Shear Tranter Design Methods 1.74 Sheanicion Desge Metod 1.75 Maslow Shew-Transfer Strength a 11727 Normal Frees . 178 — In 10 Addon Reqirements : DESIGN EXAMPLES, cr mS [Example 14.1 Shan Friston Dion Example 142 SbeanFetion Desig (ined Shear Pan) 5 : 16 Brackets, Corbels and Beam Ledges -...-.. (GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS, 11.9 LIMITATIONS OF BRACKET AND CORBEL PROVISIONS =. 11.9. - 1195 Desig Provisions [BEAM LEDGES : 11.94 Develepient and Anchorage of Relfocezent REFERENCES 0 -. "Example 15.1 Corte Design Example 152—Corel Deg. Using Liphweight Coe ané Modi ‘Shear Friston Metod. ample 15 3-Beam Lege Design. : 16 Shear in Slabs . coer UPDATE FOR THE"08 CODE... 1,12 SPECIAL PROVISIONS FOR SLABS AND FOOTINGS. 11.121 Cie Sher Section a6 128 1229 ne 12365 we Ba “1 ba Bs 36 Bt Be me Be bs waar Ba a4 11 wt 2 M2 2 ws 145 145 46 7 149 154 1st is 152 13 1s 158 159 asia 1516 164 161 161 1611.122 She Seng Reqienent for Two-Way Acton 11123 She Stent Provided by Bar, Wises, ad Single or lint Straps 112-4 Shear Steagt Provided by Shearbende. (ier ype of Shes Reinforcement 11125 Efex of Openings in Stabs on Sher Sength 112.6 Monet ease at lab-Coluna Comectons REFERENCES sample 16.1—Stear Suegth of Sib at Colurn Suppor Exanpe 162-SheaeSvengt for Non Rectangular Suppor sane 163 Shear Seng cf Sab with Shear Reinforcement sample 16. Shear Seng f Sb wih Teafer of Moret 17 Strut-And-Te Models. GENERAL. ‘A. DEFINITIONS. ‘A2 STRUTAND-TIE MODEL DESIGN PROCEDURE 183 STRENGTH OF STRUTS ‘Ad STRENGTH OF TIES [85 STRENGTH OF NODAL ZONES REFERENCES ‘Example 17.1 Design of Deep esl Member by he ‘Stotand Tie Mode - . ‘Example 172—Desgn of Colma Cota 18 Two-Way Slab Systems. UPDATE FOR THE 0S CODE. 1 SCOPE 15.14 Deflesion Centro Minimum Sab Thiskous . 132 DEFINITIONS. 132.1 Design Sip 132.4 Efeeve Bou Secice 13.3 SLAB REINFORCEMENT. 13.4 OPENINGS INSLAB SYSTEMS 135 DESIGN PROCEDURES 1354 Stearn Two Way Sab Systens 1353 Transfer of Momeni Sl Column Comection: ‘sequEL, 19 Two-Way Slabs — Direct Design Method. (GENERAL. CONSIDERATIONS PRELIMINARY DESIGN 1361 Liniatces 1362 Teal Fatored Ste Moment fora Spa 13.6.3 Nepstive and Postive Faered Moments 1364 Factor Moment in Coamn Sti 136 Facored Moment in Beans 13466 Facored Momens in Middle Sips. 1389 Factored Momens in Courins and Wills DESIGN AID — DIRECT DESIGN MOMENT COCFFICIENTS 163 16s 167 169 110 160 6:7 1620, en 161 4 Wr ns vs m4 ns ns rm10 mt 184 18 ie ea ie ies 6s ee 186 6s we10 ie 194 191 rst 192 192 195 96 90 1.10 1.10 palExample 10.1TwoWay Sab without Beams Analyzed by th Direct Design Metod Example 192—TWwo Way Sab wih Beams Analyzed byte Diet Design Method 20 Two-Way Slabs — Equivalent Frame Method... oo [GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS, PRELIMINARY DESIGN, 13:72 Equivalent Frame 1373 Sh Beans 1374Coiumne 137.5 Torsional Nenbers pial Coe (13.7. os Arangement of Live Load 13:7. Fatored Moments 7 “Appendix 208 DESIGN AIDS FOR MOMENT DISTRIBUTION CONSTANTS ‘Example 20—Two-Way Slab Wilnout Beams Analyzed by Equivalent Frame Method ‘Beample 20.2—TWo- Way Slab with Beas Atay2ed By Equivalent rane Meo! 21 Walls... UPDATE FOR THE "05 CODE. M41 SCOPE 182 GENERAL. 143 MINIMUM WALL REINFORCEMENT. 1144 WALLS DESIGNED AS COMPRESSION MEMBERS 1143 EMPIRICAL DESIGN METHOD. . 143. ALTERNATE DESIGN OF SLENDER WALLS 1.10 SPECIAL SHEAR PROVISIONS FOR WALLS DESAGN SUMMARY a [REFERENCES ‘Beanple2-1—Desion of itp Wall Pel by Chapter 10 (14 ‘Example 21.2—Design of Bearing Wall by Empial Design Method (145) ‘Burp 21.3-Design of Precas Parl by the Alemte Design Method (148) [Bxanpl 24 Shear Desian of Wall . 22 Footings... UPDATE FOR THE "05 CODE (GENERAL. CONSIDERATIONS IS2 LOADS AND REACTIONS 154 MOMENT IN FOOTINGS 155 SHEAR IN FOOTINGS 15 TRANSFER OF FORCE AT BASE OF COLUMN, WALI, OR REINFORCED PEDESTAL PLAIN CONCRETE PEDESTALS AND FOOTINGS, REFERENCE. yale 22Desig for Bas Area of oot ‘Example 222 Design for Depth of ovting . [Example 22 Design fr Fooig Reinert yap 22.4-Desig for Tanslerof Fre at Base of Coens Example 22 Design for Trrse of Face hy Reinforcement Example 226Dexgn fr Transfer of Horizontal Face Bas Colum ‘Bxample 227 Design fr Deaf Footing on Pes 2020 a3 a4‘23 Precast Concrete .....-. (GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 162 GENERAL. 163 DISTRIBUTION OF FORCES AMONG MEMBERS. Be 164 MEMBER DESIGN. ne 165 STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY, a 155 CONNECTION AND BEARING DESIGN ns 16) FTEMS EMBEDDED AFTER CONCRETE PLACEMENT ns 168 MARKING AND IDENTIFICATION Be 169 HANDLING Bs 1610 STRENGTH EVALUATION OF PRECAST CONSTRUCTION Bs REFERENCES ns ane 23.1—Load Distabuson in Double Tess 26 124 Prestressod Concrete — Flexure .. pore UPDATE FOR THE "05 CODE, (GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS PRESTRFSSINO MATERIALS NOTATION AND TERMINOLOGY. 182 GENERAL, 13 DESIGN ASSUMPTIONS [84 SERVICEABILITY REQUIREMENTS —- FLEXURAL MEMBERS 15 PERMISSIBLE STRESSES IN PRESTRESSING TENDONS, 11.6 LOSS OF PRESTRESS ESTIMATING PRESTRESS LOSSES ‘COMPUTATION OF LOSSES Else Shortening of Cone (ES) (Creep of Concrete (CR). Sheinhage of Concrete (SH) Relation of Tendons (RE) Friction : [SUMMARY OF NOTATION 1 FLEXURAL STRENGTH 2410 [R§ LIMITS FOR REINFORCEMENT OF FLEXURAL MEMBERS en 189 MINIMUM BONDED REINFORCEMENT 23 11.104 Rederibetion of Negaive Moments in Coteus Prestesied Per! Menches 2417 11.11 COMPRESSION MEMBERS — COMBINED FLEXURE AND AXIAL LOADS. 217 REFERENCES aur yarpl 21 Estimating Presse Loses ais Example 21.2 Investigation of Stee t Press Taser and ut Service Load aaai Example 24.3—Flexr! Seng of Pesesed Mente ‘Using Approsnse Vlas fo oaze ample 244 FevaralSteegihof Pesussed Menber ‘Bed on Susin Company 2426 ample 2.5 Tenson-Conrole Limit fo Pressed Flesuel Meter. 202% Example 24.6—Cracking Momen: Seng ad Minimum Reinforcement Lisi" ‘Nos-compurite Pressed Member 2430 sample 47—Clacking Momen:Stengh od Minimum ReinforcesLimit Compose Pressed Mener Banple 248 —?reuessed Compresin Member xagye 219-Cracks Sst Design When Tension Exceeds 12 25 Prestressed Concrete Shear UPDATE FOR THE 's CODE. (GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS ‘Web Shear Flexor Shear Prestressed Cone 1,1 SHEAR STRENGTH FOR PRESTRESSED MEMBERS 255 1,12 Concrete Suen 255 1.1.3 Location for Computing Maximum Furor Shea 255 112LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE Bs 1.4 SHEAR STRENGTH PROVIDED BY CONCRETE FOR PRESTRESSED MEMBERS. 256 11.41 NOTATION 255 1.82 Serplifed Method 256 1.43 Detaled Metiog 289 LA, 1145 Special Consdertons fr Prtenioned Memes 259 1.5 SHEAR STRENGTH PROVIDED BY SHEAR REINFORCEMENT FOR PRESTRESSED MEMBERS 29 REFERENCE. 259 Example 251 Design fr Sher 114). 25.10 Example 252—Shear Design Using Fig. 254 sample 25.3—Desgn fr Shear (11.42). ase 26 Prestressed Slab Systems ....-.-+++-+ oon UPDATE FOR THE ‘95 CODE. 261 INTRODUCTION 2s 1.122 Stew Sucngth 261 1126 Shear Strength with Mere Tsfor 202 163.3 Permusibie exualTesleSeesses 18.42 Permissible Hexu Compesive Sreses 262 18.7.2 fp for Usbooded Tendone 263 18.12 SLANSYSTEMS. . 253 REFERENCES 264 Example 261—1wo- Wy Pestessed Slab System 265 27 Sholls and Folded Plate Members . poco intopucTiON ‘GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 19.2 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN 199.6 Pesuesied Sls. 19.2.7 Design Mend 104 SHELL REINFORCEMENT 18.46 Membeane Reinforcement 19.48 Coneneion of Remforceest 19.410 Spcingo Reinforcement28 Strength Evaluation of Existing Structures... ..scsssseeveses INTRODUCTION 20. STRENGVE EVALUATION - GENERAL. 202 DETERMINATION OF REQUIRED DIMENSIONS AND MATERIAL PROPERTIES 203 LOADTEST PROCEDURE. 204 LOADING CRITERIA, 20SACCEPTANCE CRITERIA 204 PROVISION FOR LOWER LOAD RATING 20.7 SAFETY [REFERENCES 129 Spocial Provisions for Seismic Design . [UPDATE FOR THE "65 CODE. BACKGROUND (GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 2 21.2 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 212.1 Seope 2122 Ana andProportoning of Sacral Neier Bs 21.23 Suength Reduction Factors 2s 1 2124,2125 Limtaions ov Maes 2s I! 21.2.6 Mechanical Spee: 21.27 Welded Spices 21.28 Anchoring 0 Conc 21,3 FLEXURAL MEMBERS OF SPECIAL MOMENT FRAMES 2123.1 Soope 21332 lear Reinforcement 21.3.3 TanverseRenforcerest 21.4 Shear Seength Requiemenss 21.4 SPECIAL MOMENT FRAME MEMBERS SLIJECTED TO BENDING ANDAXIALLOAD zon ALA Scope 2013 2142 Minmam lexural Strength of Couns a3 21.43 Lonptutinal Reinforcement 2 2946 21.44 Tanne Reifocemen 216 21.45 Shor Suongth Reqavement 2019 21 JOINTS OF SPECIAL MOMENT ERAMES 20 21:52 Tanwene Renfrcemen a 21583 She Stenghs 22 2154 Development Leng Bas in Tension 4 21,6SPECIAL MOMENT FRAMES CONSTRUCTED USING PRECAST CONCRETE... 29-25, 21.6.1 Special Moment Frames wit Doce Connections 2925 21,62 Special Momeat Eames with Song Connections 2925 | 2163 Nonemlaive Doign a8 21.7 SPECIAL REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURAL WALLS AND. COUPLING BEAMS. 2930 21.72 Reinfercemest 230 21173 Design Fores 2m | 217.8 Stear Steg 2s 2175 Design br Fetal and Axial Loa pat21.76 Boundacy Elements of Special Reinforced Concrete Sura Wall. om 21.77 Cauping Beams pas 218 SPECIAL STRUCTURAL WALLS CONSTRUCTED USING PRECAST CONCRETE -.__ 2938 219 STRUCTURAL DIAPHRAGMS AND TRUS 2038 2195 Reinorcmene 2 2197 Shear Seng 2939 2198 Boundary Elenen’ a Sacre Dapeages 3339 2110 FOUNDATIONS 240 21.102 Foctngs, Founéaton Mats, Pile Cape 2540 21.1033 Grate Beans and Sab on Gre 2040 21104 Piles, lr and Cases pot 21,1 FRAME MEMBERS NOT PROPOETIONED TO RESIST FORCES INDUCED BY EARTHQUAKE MOTIONS 20 21,12 REQUIREMENTS FOR INTERMEDIATE MOMENT FRAMES 20.83 21,13 INTERMEDIATE PRECAST STRUCTURAL WALLS a [REFERENCES Dw Esanple 29.1—Deion of a 12Stary Cat in ace ‘Fane Steavall Bulle ads Components 29-88 Example 29.2 Popotoning rd Dealing of esata Members ‘of Biling in Example 2.1 as sanple 29.3~Propertonig std Detalng of Colusa of Buding in Examgle 29.1 a0 sample 29-4 Proprtioning atd Dealing of Exterior BeamColurm ‘Cometono Bulg Example291 69 sanple 29 5~Proporoning and Detling of Interior Beam-Column ‘Conaecte of Bulding i Example29 1 an [Example 226—Proporioning and Dealing of Src Wal of Buising te Banpie 29.1 29.36 Example 28-1 Desig of 2 Stary Prevt Frame Bung sing Strong Comections bs Example 28.8 Design of Sib Column Comostions According © 21.11 30 Structural Plain Concrete ......2.2+.cscsee0e : BACKGROUND 221,222 SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS, 23 JomNTS 2LADESIGN METHOD. 225 STRENGTH DESION 226 WALLS : 2265 Enpinl Design Meio 226.3 Combined Flex and Ail Load Comparitn of the Two Meinde 227 FOOTINGS 228 PEDESTALS 22.10 PLAIN CONCRETE IN EARTHQUAKE RESISTING STRUCTURES 016 [REFERENCES sou [APPENDIX 304. sors Exanple 301 Designo Pain Conor Festi and Pees 7 Example 30.2—Desgn of Plain Concrete Raseinet Wall 30st