Subnetting

11.7.5 Packet Tracer - Subnetting Scenario - ILM

Design an IP Addressing Scheme

Subnet the 192.168.100.0/24 network into the appropriate number of subnets.

• n =  N𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 subnets = 2𝑛 = 2 = 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑛𝑒𝑡.
• h =  N𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝐻𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑠 = 2ℎ − 2 = 2 − 2 = host.

192.168.100.00000000/24 255.255.255.0
a. Based on the topology, how many subnets are needed?

5 Subnet

b. How many bits must be borrowed to support the number of subnets in the topology table?

Type your subnets = 𝟐𝒏 = 𝟐𝟑 = 8 subnets h

3bits

c. How many subnets does this create?

Type your answers here.

 n =  N𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 subnets = 2𝑛 = 23 = 8 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑛𝑒𝑡

d. How many usable hosts does this create per subnet?

• h =  N𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝐻𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑠 = 2ℎ − 2 = 25 − 2 =32 -2 = 30 host.

Type your answers here.
 192.168.100.00000000/24
192.168.100. 00000000 / 27
/ 27 255.255.255.11100000
255.255.255.224
x x x x x x x x
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

Subnet Network Address Network Address

0
192.168.100. 00000000 / 27 192.168.100.0/27
1
192.168.100. 00100000 / 27 192.168.100.32/27
2
192.168.100. 01000000 / 27 192.168.100.64/27
3
192.168.100. 01100000 / 27 192.168.100.96/27
4
192.168.100. 10000000 / 27 192.168.100.128/27
5
192.168.100. 10100000 / 27 192.168.100.160/27
6
192.168.100. 11000000 / 27 192.168.100.192/27
7
192.168.100. 11100000 / 27 192.168.100.224/27
 Subnet Table

Subnet
Number Subnet Address First Usable Host Address Last Usable Host Address Broadcast Address

0
192.168.100.00000000/27 192.168.100. 00011111/27
R1 G0/0 192.168.100.0/27 192.168.100.1/27 192.168.100.30/27 192.168.100.31/27

1
192.168.100.00100000/27 192.168.100.00111111/27
R1 G0/1 192.168.100.32/27 192.168.100.33 192.168.100.62 192.168.100.63/27

2
192.168.100.01000000/27 192.168.100.01011111/27
R2 G0/0 192.168.100.64/27 192.168.100.65 192.168.100.94 192.168.100.95/27

3
192.168.100.01100000/27 192.168.100.01111111/27
R2 G0/1 192.168.100.96/27 192.168.100.97 192.168.100.126 192.168.100.127/27

4
192.168.100.10000000/27 192.168.100.10011111/27
WAN 192.168.100.128/27 192.168.100.129 192.168.100.158 192.168.100.159/27
192.168.100.10100000/27 192.168.100.10111111/27
5 192.168.100.160/27 192.168.100.161 192.168.100.190 192.168.100.191/27
192.168.100.11000000/27 192.168.100.11011111/27
6 192.168.100.192/27 192.168.100.193 192.168.100.222 192.168.100.223/27
192.168.100.11100000/27 192.168.100.11111111/27
7 192.168.100.224/27 192.168.100.225 192.168.100.254 192.168.100.255/27
 Device Interface IP Address Subnet Mask Default Gateway

R1 G0/0 192.168.100.1 255.255.255.224 N/A

R1 G0/1 192.168.100.33 255.255.255.224 N/A

R1 S0/0/0 192.168.100.129 255.255.255.224 N/A

R2 G0/0 192.168.100.65 255.255.255.224 N/A

R2 G0/1 192.168.100.97 255.255.255.224 N/A

R2 S0/0/0 192.168.100.158 255.255.255.224 N/A

S1 VLAN 1 192.168.100.2 255.255.255.224 192.168.100.1

S2 VLAN 1 192.168.100.34 255.255.255.224 192.168.100.33
S3 VLAN 1 192.168.100.66 255.255.255.224 192.168.100.65
S4 VLAN 1 192.168.100.98 255.255.255.224 192.168.100.97
PC1 NIC 192.168.100.30 255.255.255.224 192.168.100.1
PC2 NIC 192.168.100.62 255.255.255.224 192.168.100.33
PC3 NIC 192.168.100.94 255.255.255.224 192.168.100.65
PC4 NIC 192.168.100.126 255.255.255.224 192.168.100.97
 • h =  N𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝐻𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑠 = 2ℎ − 2 = 25 − 2 = 32-2 = 30 host.

• 192.168.100. 00000000 / 27
Subnet
Number Subnet Address First Usable Host Address Last Usable Host Address Broadcast Address

192.168.100.0/27 192.168.100.31/27
192.168.100.1 192.168.100.30
0 31+0=31
192.168.100.32/27 192.168.100.63/27
1 192.168.100.33 192.168.100.62 31+32=63
192.168.100.64/27 192.168.100.95/27
2 192.168.100.65 192.168.100.94 31+64=95
192.168.100.96/27 192.168.100.127/27
3 192.168.100.97 192.168.100.126 31+96=127
192.168.100.128/27 192.168.100.159/27
4 192.168.100.129 192.168.100.158 31+128=159

192.168.100.160/27 192.168.100.191/27
5 192.168.100.161 192.168.100.190 31+160=191
192.168.100.192/27 192.168.100.223/27
6 192.168.100.193 192.168.100.222 31+192=223
192.168.100.224/27 192.168.100.255/27
7 192.168.100.225 192.168.100.254 31+224
11.9.3 VLSM
Example 1: VLSM

• 192.168.72.0/24 192.168.72.00000000 /24 255.255.255.255.0

 SW1 will require 7 host IP addresses

 Sw2 LAN will require 15 host IP addresses
 Sw3 LAN will require 29 host IP addresses
 Sw4 LAN will require 58 host IP addresses
 Remote site will require 2 host IP addresses

192.168.72.00000000 /24

Reorder
1. Sw4 LAN will require 58 host IP addresses N𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝐻𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑠 = 2ℎ − 2 = 26 − 2 = 62 host / 26
2. Sw3 LAN will require 29 host IP addresses N𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝐻𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑠 = 2ℎ − 2 = 25 − 2 = 30 host / 27
3. Sw2 LAN will require 15 host IP addresses N𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝐻𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑠 = 2ℎ − 2 = 25 − 2 = 30 host / 27
4. Sw1 LAN will require 7 host IP addresses N𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝐻𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑠 = 2ℎ − 2 = 24 − 2 = 14 host / 28
5. Remote site will require 2 host IP addresses N𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝐻𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑠 = 2ℎ − 2 = 22 − 2 = 2 host / 30

26/ 255.255.255.11000000 27/ 255.255.255.11100000

/26 255.255.255.192 /27 255.255.255.224 /28 255.255.255.240 30/ 255.255.255.252

 192.168.72.00000000/24
First host Last host
Subnet Network address Broadcast address
address address

Subnet 192.168.72.00000000/26 192.168.72.00111111/26

192.168.72.1 192.168.72.62
#1 192.168.72.0/26 192.168.72.63/26

Subnet 192.168.72.01000000/27 192.168.72.01011111/27

192.168.72.65 192.168.72.94
#2 192.168.72.64/27 192.168.72.95/27

Subnet 192.168.72.01100000/27 192.168.72.01111111/27

192.168.72.97 192.168.72.126
#3 192.168.72.96/27 192.168.72.127/27

Subnet 192.168.72.10000000/28 192.168.72.10001111/28

192.168.72.129 192.168.72.142
#4 192.168.72.128/28 192.168.72.143/28

Subnet 192.168.72.10010000/30 192.168.72.10010011/30

192.168.72.145 192.168.72.146
#5 192.168.72.144/30 192.168.72.147/30
Another Solution

• 192.168.72.0/24 192.168.72.00000000 /24 255.255.255.255.0

Reorder
1. Sw4 LAN will require 58 host IP addresses N𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝐻𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑠 = 2ℎ − 2 = 26 − 2 = 62 host /26
2. Sw3 LAN will require 29 host IP addresses N𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝐻𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑠 = 2ℎ − 2 = 25 − 2 = 30 host /27
3. Sw2 LAN will require 15 host IP addresses N𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝐻𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑠 = 2ℎ − 2 = 25 − 2 = 30 host /27
4. Sw1 LAN will require 7 host IP addresses N𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝐻𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑠 = 2ℎ − 2 = 24 − 2 = 14 host /28
5. Remote site will require 2 host IP addresses N𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝐻𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑠 = 2ℎ − 2 = 22 − 2 = 2 host /30

Subnet Network address First host address Last host address Broadcast address

192.168.72.63/26
Subnet #1 192.168.72.0/26 192.168.72. 192.168.72.62/26
0+63=63

192.168.72.94/27 192.168.72.95/27
Subnet #2 192.168.72.64/27 192.168.72.65/27
64+31=95

192.168.72.126/27 192.168.72.127/27
Subnet #3 192.168.72.96/27 192.168.72.97/27
96+31=127

192.168.72.142/28 192.168.72.143/28
Subnet #4 192.168.72.128/28 192.168.72.129/28
128+15

192.168.72.146/30 192.168.72.147/30
Subnet #5 192.168.72.144/30 192.168.72.145/30
144+3=147
Example 2: VLSM
Create subnets that meet the host requirements using 192.168.0.0/24.
o Staff: 100 hosts
o Sales: 50 hosts
o IT: 25 hosts
 Guest network to be added later: 25 hosts

• n =  N𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 subnets = 2𝑛 = 2𝑛 = 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑛𝑒𝑡.
• h =  N𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝐻𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑠 = 2ℎ − 2 = 2ℎ − 2 = host.

• 192.168.0.0/ 24 192.168.0.00000000
Total subnets = 4
 Staff: 100 hosts N𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝐻𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑠 = 2ℎ − 2 = 27 − 2 = 126 host / 25 255.255.255.128
 Sales: 50 hosts N𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝐻𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑠 = 2ℎ − 2 = 26 − 2 = 62 host / 26 255.255.255.192
 IT: 25 hosts ℎ 5
N𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝐻𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑠 = 2 − 2 = 2 − 2 = 30 host / 27 255.255.255.224
 Guest network to be added later: 25 hosts N𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝐻𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑠 = 2ℎ − 2 = 25 − 2 = 30 host / 27
Subnet Network address First host address Last host address Broadcast address

Subnet
#1 192.168.0.0/25 192.168.0.1/25 192.168.0.126/25 192.168.0.127/25
Staff

Subnet
#2 192.168.0.128/26 192.168.0.129/26 192.168.0.190/26 192.168.0.191/26
Sales

Subnet
#3 192.168.0.192/27 192.168.0.193/27 192.168.0.222/27 192.168.0.223/27
IT

Subnet
#4 192.168.0.224/27 192.168.0.22/27 192.168.0.254/27 192.168.0.255/27
Guest