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42 MCQ Question Answers with

Explanations

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1. What does DDoS stand for?

A. Data Distribution over Systems
B. Distributed Denial of Service
C. Dynamic Domain of Security
D. Digital Defense against Strikes
Correct Answer: B. Distributed Denial of Service
Explanation: DDoS stands for Distributed Denial of Service, indicating a coordinated attack
to deny services to users.

2. What is the primary goal of a DDoS attack?

A. Data theft
B. Server disruption
C. Unauthorized access
D. Network encryption
Correct Answer: B. Server disruption
Explanation: The primary goal of a DDoS attack is to disrupt the normal functioning of a
targeted server or network.

3. Which of the following is a key characteristic of DDoS attacks?

A. Centralized nature
B. Limited traffic
C. Singular source
D. Distributed nature
Correct Answer: D. Distributed nature
Explanation: DDoS attacks involve a large number of distributed devices working together.

4. What does a botnet consist of in the context of DDoS attacks?

A. Human operators
B. Malicious software
C. Cryptocurrency
D. Compromised computers
Correct Answer: D. Compromised computers
Explanation: A botnet is a network of compromised computers used to launch DDoS
attacks.

5. Which type of DDoS attack aims to exhaust server resources by exploiting the stateful
nature of TCP?
A. Volumetric attack
B. TCP State Exhaustion attack
C. Application layer attack
D. DNS amplification attack

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Correct Answer: B. TCP State Exhaustion attack

Explanation: This type of attack targets the stateful nature of TCP to deplete server
resources.

6. What is a common motivation for DDoS attacks?

A. Software development
B. Financial gain
C. Network encryption
D. DNS configuration
Correct Answer: B. Financial gain
Explanation: DDoS attacks can be motivated by various factors, including financial gain.

7. Which layer of the OSI model is often targeted in application layer DDoS attacks?
A. Data Link Layer
B. Network Layer
C. Transport Layer
D. Application Layer
Correct Answer: D. Application Layer
Explanation: Application layer DDoS attacks target vulnerabilities in the application layer.

8. What is the purpose of DNS amplification attacks in DDoS?

A. To exploit TCP vulnerabilities
B. To overload DNS servers
C. To amplify network traffic
D. To encrypt DNS traffic
Correct Answer: C. To amplify network traffic
Explanation: DNS amplification attacks exploit vulnerabilities in DNS to generate a large
volume of traffic.

9. Which network security measure is commonly used to mitigate DDoS attacks by

distributing traffic across multiple servers?
A. Intrusion Detection System (IDS)
B. Load balancing
C. VPN encryption
D. Firewall configuration
Correct Answer: B. Load balancing
Explanation: Load balancing helps distribute traffic across multiple servers to prevent
overload on a single server.

10. What is a common technique for defending against DDoS attacks at the network
perimeter?

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A. VPN encryption
B. Network segmentation
C. Load balancing
D. Traffic filtering
Correct Answer: D. Traffic filtering
Explanation: Traffic filtering helps block malicious traffic and allows only legitimate traffic
through.

11. What is the purpose of a Volumetric DDoS attack?

A. To exploit TCP vulnerabilities
B. To overwhelm a target with a large volume of traffic
C. To compromise user credentials
D. To disrupt DNS services
Correct Answer: B. To overwhelm a target with a large volume of traffic
Explanation: Volumetric DDoS attacks aim to saturate a target's network bandwidth.

12. Which of the following is a common amplification technique used in DDoS attacks?
A. SYN flooding
B. ICMP flooding
C. DNS amplification
D. Application layer attacks
Correct Answer: C. DNS amplification
Explanation: DNS amplification involves using vulnerable DNS servers to amplify the
volume of attack traffic.

13. What role does a SYN flood attack play in DDoS attacks?
A. Amplification
B. Traffic flooding
C. Resource exhaustion
D. TCP state exhaustion
Correct Answer: B. Traffic flooding
Explanation: SYN flood attacks flood a target with TCP connection requests, overwhelming
its resources.

14. Which layer of the OSI model is targeted in SYN flood attacks?
A. Network Layer
B. Data Link Layer
C. Transport Layer
D. Application Layer
Correct Answer: C. Transport Layer

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Explanation: SYN flood attacks exploit vulnerabilities in the Transport Layer (TCP).

15. What is the main advantage of using a DDoS botnet for attackers?
A. Increased network speed
B. Anonymity and control
C. Encryption of attack traffic
D. Improved DNS resolution
Correct Answer: B. Anonymity and control
Explanation: A botnet provides attackers with anonymity and centralized control over
multiple compromised devices.

16. Which DDoS attack type focuses on exploiting vulnerabilities in web applications?
A. Volumetric attack
B. Application layer attack
C. SYN flood attack
D. DNS amplification attack
Correct Answer: B. Application layer attack
Explanation: Application layer attacks target vulnerabilities in web applications to disrupt
services.

17. What is the purpose of a UDP flood attack in DDoS?

A. To exploit TCP vulnerabilities
B. To overwhelm a target with a large volume of UDP packets
C. To compromise user credentials
D. To disrupt DNS services
Correct Answer: B. To overwhelm a target with a large volume of UDP packets
Explanation: UDP flood attacks flood a target with a high volume of UDP packets.

18. Which type of DDoS attack aims to consume the target's resources by establishing and
maintaining a large number of incomplete connections?
A. Volumetric attack
B. TCP State Exhaustion attack
C. Application layer attack
D. SYN flood attack
Correct Answer: D. SYN flood attack
Explanation: SYN flood attacks create a large number of incomplete TCP connections to
exhaust server resources.

19. How do DDoS attackers often hide their identity?

A. Through strong encryption
B. Using a VPN

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C. Utilizing a proxy network

D. Modifying DNS settings
Correct Answer: C. Utilizing a proxy network
Explanation: Attackers often use proxy networks to hide their identity and location.

20. Which of the following is a common countermeasure against DDoS attacks that
involves diverting traffic to a separate network?
A. Network segmentation
B. Load balancing
C. Traffic filtering
D. Scrubbing centers
Correct Answer: D. Scrubbing centers
Explanation: Scrubbing centers divert and filter traffic to mitigate the impact of DDoS
attacks.

21. What is the purpose of a DNS reflection attack in DDoS?

A. To exploit TCP vulnerabilities
B. To amplify attack traffic using DNS servers
C. To compromise user credentials
D. To disrupt web application services
Correct Answer: B. To amplify attack traffic using DNS servers
Explanation: DNS reflection attacks use vulnerable DNS servers to amplify the volume of
DDoS traffic.

22. Which type of DDoS attack aims to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of the
TCP threeway handshake?
A. Volumetric attack
B. Application layer attack
C. SYN/ACK attack
D. TCP State Exhaustion attack
Correct Answer: C. SYN/ACK attack
Explanation: SYN/ACK attacks manipulate the TCP threeway handshake to exhaust server
resources.

23. What is the main objective of a Layer 7 DDoS attack?

A. Overloading network bandwidth
B. Disrupting DNS services
C. Exploiting TCP vulnerabilities
D. Overwhelming web application resources
Correct Answer: D. Overwhelming web application resources

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Explanation: Layer 7 DDoS attacks target specific aspects of web applications to disrupt
services.

24. Which of the following is a method to detect and mitigate DDoS attacks in realtime?
A. Load balancing
B. Intrusion Detection System (IDS)
C. DNS amplification
D. SYN flood attack
Correct Answer: B. Intrusion Detection System (IDS)
Explanation: IDS can detect and respond to abnormal network behavior indicative of a
DDoS attack.

25. How can a Content Delivery Network (CDN) assist in DDoS mitigation?
A. By encrypting all network traffic
B. By diverting traffic to a separate network
C. By distributing content across multiple servers
D. By filtering DNS requests
Correct Answer: C. By distributing content across multiple servers
Explanation: CDNs distribute content to multiple servers, helping to mitigate DDoS impact.

26. What is the primary goal of an Application Layer DDoS attack?

A. To overload network bandwidth
B. To exploit TCP vulnerabilities
C. To compromise user credentials
D. To disrupt specific functions of a web application
Correct Answer: D. To disrupt specific functions of a web application
Explanation: Application Layer DDoS attacks aim to disrupt the functionality of web
applications.

27. Which of the following is a technique to distinguish between legitimate and malicious
traffic during a DDoS attack?
A. Load balancing
B. Anycast routing
C. Traffic analysis
D. DNS amplification
Correct Answer: C. Traffic analysis
Explanation: Traffic analysis helps identify patterns and characteristics of malicious traffic.

28. What is the role of rate limiting in DDoS defense?

A. To encrypt network traffic
B. To divert traffic to a separate network

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C. To restrict the rate of incoming requests

D. To amplify attack traffic
Correct Answer: C. To restrict the rate of incoming requests
Explanation: Rate limiting restricts the rate of incoming requests to prevent overload.

29. Which network security measure is designed to prevent unauthorized access and
secure network resources during a DDoS attack?
A. Intrusion Detection System (IDS)
B. Network segmentation
C. VPN encryption
D. Firewall configuration
Correct Answer: B. Network segmentation
Explanation: Network segmentation helps contain the impact of a DDoS attack by isolating
network segments.

30. What is a benefit of using anomalybased detection in DDoS mitigation?

A. It encrypts all network traffic
B. It diverts traffic to a separate network
C. It identifies deviations from normal traffic patterns
D. It amplifies attack traffic
Correct Answer: C. It identifies deviations from normal traffic patterns
Explanation: Anomalybased detection identifies abnormal patterns that may indicate a
DDoS attack.

31. What is the primary purpose of a reflection attack in the context of DDoS?
A. To exploit TCP vulnerabilities
B. To amplify attack traffic using legitimate services
C. To compromise user credentials
D. To disrupt DNS services
Correct Answer: B. To amplify attack traffic using legitimate services
Explanation: Reflection attacks use legitimate services to amplify and reflect attack traffic
towards the target.

32. Which of the following is a characteristic of a Layer 4 DDoS attack?

A. Targets specific web application functions
B. Amplifies traffic using DNS servers
C. Overloads network bandwidth
D. Manipulates the TCP handshake
Correct Answer: C. Overloads network bandwidth
Explanation: Layer 4 DDoS attacks focus on overwhelming the target's network
infrastructure.

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33. How does a SYN/ACK flood attack contribute to a DDoS attack?

A. By amplifying attack traffic
B. By diverting traffic to a separate network
C. By manipulating the TCP handshake
D. By exploiting DNS vulnerabilities
Correct Answer: C. By manipulating the TCP handshake
Explanation: SYN/ACK flood attacks manipulate the TCP handshake to consume server
resources.

34. What is the primary objective of using DNSSEC in DDoS attacks?

A. To amplify attack traffic
B. To encrypt DNS traffic
C. To divert traffic to a separate network
D. To secure DNS against attacks
Correct Answer: A. To amplify attack traffic
Explanation: DNSSEC can be exploited to amplify DNS reflection attacks.

35. Which DDoS attack type focuses on exploiting vulnerabilities in the internet routing
protocol BGP (Border Gateway Protocol)?
A. BGP amplification
B. SYN flood attack
C. UDP reflection attack
D. Smurf attack
Correct Answer: A. BGP amplification
Explanation: BGP amplification attacks exploit vulnerabilities in the Border Gateway
Protocol.

36. What is the role of a honey pot in DDoS defense?

A. To amplify attack traffic
B. To divert traffic to a separate network
C. To analyze and attract malicious activity
D. To encrypt network traffic
Correct Answer: C. To analyze and attract malicious activity
Explanation: Honey pots are decoy systems designed to attract and analyze malicious
activity.

37. Which type of DDoS attack targets the transport layer by overwhelming a target with a
high volume of TCP connection requests?
A. SYN flood attack
B. Application layer attack

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C. UDP flood attack

D. DNS amplification attack
Correct Answer: A. SYN flood attack
Explanation: SYN flood attacks target the transport layer by overwhelming a server with
TCP connection requests.

38. How does a Smurf attack amplify DDoS traffic?

A. By manipulating the TCP handshake
B. By using ICMP packets to reflect traffic
C. By overwhelming network bandwidth
D. By exploiting DNS vulnerabilities
Correct Answer: B. By using ICMP packets to reflect traffic
Explanation: Smurf attacks use ICMP packets to amplify and reflect traffic towards the
target.

39. What is the primary purpose of using IP spoofing in a DDoS attack?

A. To amplify attack traffic
B. To divert traffic to a separate network
C. To compromise user credentials
D. To hide the source of malicious traffic
Correct Answer: D. To hide the source of malicious traffic
Explanation: IP spoofing involves using false source IP addresses to mask the identity of
the attacker.

40. What role does a WAF (Web Application Firewall) play in DDoS defense?
A. To amplify attack traffic
B. To divert traffic to a separate network
C. To analyze and filter web traffic
D. To secure DNS against attacks
Correct Answer: C. To analyze and filter web traffic
Explanation: WAFs help analyze and filter malicious web traffic, providing protection
against certain DDoS attacks.

41. What is the purpose of using Anycast routing in DDoS mitigation?

A. To amplify attack traffic
B. To encrypt network traffic
C. To divert traffic to a separate network
D. To distribute traffic across multiple locations

Correct Answer: D. To distribute traffic across multiple locations

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Explanation: Anycast routing helps distribute traffic to multiple locations, improving

resilience against DDoS attacks.

42. How does a UDP flood DDoS attack differ from a TCP SYN flood attack?
A. UDP floods target DNS servers
B. UDP floods use the TCP handshake
C. UDP floods focus on overwhelming network bandwidth
D. UDP floods manipulate the DNS protocol
Correct Answer: C. UDP floods focus on overwhelming network bandwidth
Explanation: UDP flood attacks aim to saturate network bandwidth with a high volume of
UDP packets.

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