CONTENTS

Acknowledgement i-ii

Contents iii-viii

List of Tables ix-xv

List of Figures xvi-xvii

List of Abbreviations xviii-xx

Preface xxi-xxiii

Chapters Title Page

Numbers

Chapter 1 Introduction 1-63

1.1 The Effects of Globalization in the Workplace 1-2

1.2 Labour Policy in India 2-3
1.3 Chapter Layout 3

Chapter Conceptual Framework of Employee Welfare 5-40

1.1

1.1.1 Introduction 5-6

1.1.2 Concept of Employee Welfare 7-8
1.1.3 Interpretations of Employee Welfare 8-10
1.1.4 Necessity of Employee Welfare in India 10-12
1.1.5 Origin and Historical Development of 12-15
Employee Welfare in India
1.1.6 Objectives of Employee Welfare 15-17
1.1.7 Scope of Employee Welfare 17-22
1.1.8 Benefits of Welfare activities 22-24
1.1.9 Theories of Employee Welfare 24-28
1.1.10 Employee Welfare: Some Basic Principles 28-29
1.1.11 Agencies for Employee Welfare work
29-37
1.1.12 Deterrents of Employee Welfare Measures 37

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Chapter Conceptual Framework of Social Security 41-63
1.2

1.2.1 Concept of Social Security 41

1.2.2 Interpretations of Social Security 41-44
1.2.3 Necessity of Social Security in India 44-45
1.2.4 Origin and Historical Development of Social 45-49
Security in India
1.2.5 Objectives of Social Security 49-50
1.2.6 Methods of Social Security 51-53
1.2.7 The Basket of Social Security 53-57
1.2.8 Principles underlying the Basis and Organization 57-60
of Social Security
1.2.9 Social Security of Indian Labour and Challenges 60-61
of Globalization
61
1.2.10 Deterrents of Social Security Benefits
Chapter 2 Review of Literature and Research Methodology 64-123

2.1 Different Studies Related to Employee Welfare 64-91

and Social Security
2.2 Summary of the Literature Review 91-93
2.3 Research Gap 93
2.4 Focus of the Present Study 93-94
2.5 Research Methodology 94
2.6 Research Questions 95
2.7 Research Objectives 95-96
2.8 Research Hypotheses 96-98
2.9 Identified Variables 98-103
2.10 Significance of the Study 103
2.11 Scope of the Study 104
2.12 Research Design 104-107
2.13 Scaling and Measurement Techniques 107-108
2.14 Pilot Study 108
2.15 Sampling Design 108-110

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 2.16 Analysis Design 110-111
2.17 Plan of the Study 111-113
2.18 Referencing Style 113
2.19 Limitations 113

Chapter 3 Profile of Diesel Locomotive Works (DLW), Varanasi 124-184

3.1 Introduction 124-125

3.2 Evolution of DLW 126-128
3.3 Objectives of DLW 128-129
3.4 Vision 129
3.5 Mission 129
3.6 Organizational Strengths 129-130
3.7 Organization Structure 130-132
3.8 Departments and Wings 133-143
3.9 Human Resource Profile 143-148
3.10 HRM Practices in DLW 148-165
3.11 Product Profile 165
3.12 Production 165-169
3.13 Customers 169
3.14 Cost of Production 169-170
3.15 Sales Value and Trend 170-172
3.16 Cost of Production and Sales Value/ Profit and Loss 173
3.17 Export of Diesel Locomotives 174-175
3.18 Contribution to the Exchequer 175
3.19 Financial Profile 176-177
3.20 Green Efforts 178-179
3.21 Awards and Honours Received by DLW 179
3.22 Information Technology 180-182

Chapter 4 Analysis and Discussion 185-266

4.1 Introduction 185

4.2 Analysis Layout 185-186

iii
Chapter Analysis of General Profile of the Employees 187-196
4.1

4.1.1 Introduction 187

4.1.2 Demographic Profile of the Employees of DLW, 187-196
Varanasi

Chapter Satisfaction Assessment of Employees on 197-228

4.2 Employee Welfare and Social Security Benefits

4.2.1 Introduction 197

4.2.2 Satisfaction Assessment of Employees on 197-218
Employee Welfare Benefits provided in DLW,
Varanasi
219-228
4.2.3 Satisfaction Assessment of Employees on Social Security
Benefits provided in DLW, Varanasi
Chapter Demographics Comparison on Employees Satisfaction with 229-241
4.3 the Employee Welfare and Social Security Benefits

4.3.1 Introduction 229-230

4.3.2 Comparison of employees’ satisfaction on the basis of 230-231
gender with the employee welfare benefits provided in
DLW, Varanasi
4.3.3 Comparison of employees’ satisfaction on the basis of 231-232
gender with the social security benefits provided in
DLW, Varanasi
4.3.4 Comparison of employees’ satisfaction on the basis of
age group with the employee welfare benefits provided 232-234
in DLW, Varanasi
4.3.5 Comparison of employees’ satisfaction on the basis of
age group with the social security benefits provided in 234-235
DLW, Varanasi
4.3.6 Comparison of employees’ satisfaction on the basis of
educational qualifications with the employee welfare 235-237
benefits provided in DLW, Varanasi
4.3.7 Comparison of employees’ satisfaction on the basis of
educational qualifications with the social security 237-238
benefits provided in DLW, Varanasi
4.3.8 Comparison of employees’ satisfaction on the basis of
work experience with the employee welfare benefits 238-240
provided in DLW, Varanasi

iv
 4.3.9 Comparison of employees’ satisfaction on the basis of 240-241
work experience with the social security
benefits provided in DLW, Varanasi

Chapter Impact Assessment of Employees Satisfaction with the 242-266

4.4 Employee Welfare and Social Security Benefits on Job
Involvement, Organizational Commitment and Turnover
Intention of Employees

4.4.1 Introduction 242

4.4.2 Impact of Employees’ Satisfaction with the Employee 242-246
Welfare Benefits on the Job Involvement of Employees
4.4.3 Impact of Employees’ Satisfaction with the Social 246-249
Security Benefits on the Job Involvement of Employees
4.4.4 Impact of Employees’ Satisfaction with the Employee
Welfare Benefits on the Organizational Commitment of 249-257
Employees
4.4.5 Impact of Employees’ Satisfaction with the Social 257-260
Security Benefits on the Organizational Commitment
of Employees
4.4.6 Impact of Employees’ Satisfaction with the Employee 260-263
Welfare Benefits on the Turnover Intention of
Employees
4.4.7 Impact of Employees’ Satisfaction with the Social
Security Benefits on the Turnover Intention of 263-266
Employees

Chapter 5 Summary of Findings, Conclusions and Suggestions 267-297

5.1 Introduction 267

5.2 Research Objectives 267-268
5.3 Research Hypotheses 269-270
5.4 Research Design and Process of the Study 270-271
5.5 Major Findings of the Study 271-289
5.6 Conclusions 290-294
5.7 Suggestions 294-295
5.8 Future Research Attempts 295-296
5.9 Contribution of the Study to the Existing Body of 296-297
Knowledge

v
Bibliography xxiv-
xxxvii

Annexures

Published Papers

Curriculum Vitae


vi
 List of Tables

Table Description of Tables Page No.

No.

2.1 Number of Questions under Different Dimensions in the 106

Questionnaire

2.2 Department- wise Distribution Chart of Population and Samples 110

2.3 Reliability Statistics of Different Dimensions 110-111

3.1 Manufacturing Units of Indian Railways 124-125

3.2 Group-wise Classification of Staff Employed by DLW (2005-06 144

to 2014-15)

3.3 Department-wise Human Resources Employed in DLW as on 145

31.3.2015

3.4 Classification of Human Resources Employed in DLW: Cadre- 146

wise, Gender-wise and Reservation-wise as on 31st March, 2015

3.5 Department-wise Total Number of Female Employees (Permanent 147

and Temporary) Employed as on 31st March, 2015

3.6 Recruitment done during the Financial year 2014-15 149

3.7 Wages and Salaries paid to Employees during the Financial Year 151
2014-15

3.8 Wages and Salaries of Officers and Staff (2005-06 to 2014-15) 152

vii
3.9 Allocation of Staff Benefit Fund among Employees 162-163

3.10 Cumulative Locomotive Production till 31st March, 2015 166

3.11 Total number of Locomotives Produced (2005-06 to 2014-15) 167

3.12 Cumulative HHP Locomotive Production till 31st March, 2015 168

3.13 Total number of HHP Locomotives Produced (2005-06 to 2014- 168

15)

3.14 Year-wise Average Cost of Production of Locomotives (including 170

proforma charges) (2005-06 to 2014-15)

3.15 Number of Locomotives Supplied (2005-06 to 2014-15) 171

3.16 Sales Value from the Sales of DLW Products (2005-06 to 2014- 172
15)

3.17 Profit and Loss (2005-06 to 2014-15) 173

3.18 Locomotives Exported to Countries up to the Year 2014-15 174

3.19 Net ED Paid after adjustment of MODVAT Credit (2005-06 to 175

2014-15)

3.20 Financial Figures of DLW (2005-06 to 2014-15) 177

4.1.1 Department-wise Distribution of the Sample 187

4.1.2 Gender-wise Distribution of the Sample 189

4.1.3 Marital Status-wise Distribution of the Sample 190

4.1.4 Age Group-wise Distribution of the Sample 191

4.1.5 Educational Qualification-wise Distribution of the Sample 192

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4.1.6 Residential Status-wise Distribution of the Sample 193

4.1.7 Family Pattern-wise Distribution of the Sample 194

4.1.8 Number of Family Members-wise Distribution of the Sample 195

4.1.9 Work Experience-wise Distribution of the Sample 196

4.2.1 Employees’ Satisfaction on Urinals and Bathrooms 197

4.2.2 Employees’ Satisfaction on First-Aid Appliances 199

4.2.3 Employees’ Satisfaction on Canteen Facilities 200

4.2.4 Employees’ Satisfaction on Shelters, Rest Rooms and Lunch 201

Rooms

4.2.5 Employees’ Satisfaction on Creches 203

4.2.6 Employees’ Satisfaction on Welfare Officers 204

4.2.7 Employees’ Satisfaction on Working Hours 205

4.2.8 Employees’ Satisfaction on Leave Facilities 206

4.2.9 Employees’ Satisfaction on Medical Facilities 208

4.2.10 Employees’ Satisfaction on Housing Facilities 209

4.2.11 Employees’ Satisfaction on Education Facilities 211

4.2.12 Employees’ Satisfaction on Transport Facilities 212

4.2.13 Employees’ Satisfaction on Sports and Recreational Facilities 213

4.2.14 Employees’ Satisfaction on Other Welfare Facilities 215

ix
4.2.15 Overall Satisfaction on Employee Welfare Benefits 216

4.2.16 Employees’ Satisfaction on Provident Fund Benefits 219

4.2.17 Employees’ Satisfaction on Pension Benefits 221

4.2.18 Employees’ Satisfaction on Compensation Scheme Benefits 222

4.2.19 Employees’ Satisfaction on Maternity Benefits 224

4.2.20 Employees’ Satisfaction on Gratuity Benefits 225

4.2.21 Overall Satisfaction on Social Security Benefits 227

4.3.1 Group Statistics 230

4.3.2 Independent Samples Test 230

4.3.3 Group Statistics 231

4.3.4 Independent Samples Test 232

4.3.5 Descriptives (Satisfaction of Employee Welfare Benefits) 233

4.3.6 Test of Homogeneity of Variances (Satisfaction of Employee 233

Welfare Benefits)

4.3.7 ANOVA (Satisfaction of Employee Welfare Benefits) 233

4.3.8 Descriptives (Satisfaction of Social Security Benefits) 234

4.3.9 Test of Homogeneity of Variances (Satisfaction of Social Security 234

Benefits)

4.3.10 ANOVA (Satisfaction of Social Security Benefits) 235

4.3.11 Descriptives (Satisfaction of Employee Welfare Benefits) 236

x
4.3.12 Test of Homogeneity of Variances (Satisfaction of Employee 236
Welfare Benefits)

4.3.13 ANOVA (Satisfaction of Employee Welfare Benefits) 236

4.3.14 Descriptives (Satisfaction of Social Security Benefits) 237

4.3.15 Test of Homogeneity of Variances (Satisfaction of Social Security 237

Benefits)

4.3.16 ANOVA (Satisfaction of Social Security Benefits) 238

4.3.17 Descriptives (Satisfaction of Employee Welfare Benefits) 239

4.3.18 Test of Homogeneity of Variances (Satisfaction of Employee 239

Welfare Benefits)

4.3.19 ANOVA (Satisfaction of Employee Welfare Benefits) 239

4.3.20 Descriptives (Satisfaction of Social Security Benefits) 240

4.3.21 Test of Homogeneity of Variances (Satisfaction of Social Security 240

Benefits)

4.3.22 ANOVA (Satisfaction of Social Security Benefits) 241

4.4.1 Pearson’s Correlation 243

4.4.2 Variables Entered/Removed 244

4.4.3 Model Summary 244

4.4.4 ANOVAa 245

4.4.5 Coefficientsa 245

4.4.6 Pearson’s Correlation 246

xi
4.4.7 Variables Entered/Removeda 247

4.4.8 Model Summary 247

4.4.9 ANOVAa 248

4.4.10 Coefficientsa 248

4.4.11 Excluded Variablesa 249

4.4.12 Pearson’s Correlation 250

4.4.13 Variables Entered/Removeda 251

4.4.14 Model Summary 252

4.4.15 ANOVAa 252

4.4.16 Coefficientsa 253-254

4.4.17 Excluded Variablesa 255-257

4.4.18 Pearson’s Correlation 257

4.4.19 Variables Entered/Removeda 258

4.4.20 Model Summary 258

4.4.21 ANOVAa 259

4.4.22 Coefficientsa 259

4.4.23 Excluded Variablesa 260

4.4.24 Pearson’s Correlation 261

4.4.25 Variables Entered/Removeda 262

xii
4.4.26 Model Summary 262

4.4.27 ANOVAa 262

4.4.28 Coefficientsa 263

4.4.29 Pearson’s Correlation 264

4.4.30 Variables Entered/Removeda 264

4.4.31 Model Summary 265

4.4.32 ANOVAa 265

4.4.33 Coefficientsa 265

xiii
 List of Figures

Figure Description of Figures Page No.

No.

1.1 Three- Fold Objectives of Employee Welfare 16

1.2 Methods of Social Security 51

3.1 Organization Structure of Diesel Locomotive Works (DLW), 132

Varanasi

4.1.1 Department-wise Distribution of the Sample 188

4.1.2 Gender-wise Distribution of the Sample 189

4.1.3 Marital Status-wise Distribution of the Sample 190

4.1.4 Age Group-wise Distribution of the Sample 191

4.1.5 Educational Qualification-wise Distribution of the Sample 192

4.1.6 Residential Status-wise Distribution of the Sample 193

4.1.7 Family Pattern-wise Distribution of the Sample 194

4.1.8 Number of Family Members-wise Distribution of the Sample 195

4.1.9 Work Experience-wise Distribution of the Sample 196

4.2.1 Employees’ Satisfaction on Urinals and Bathrooms 198

4.2.2 Employees’ Satisfaction on First-Aid Appliances 200

4.2.3 Employees’ Satisfaction on Canteen Facilities 201

4.2.4 Employees’ Satisfaction on Shelters, Rest Rooms and Lunch 202

Rooms

4.2.5 Employees’ Satisfaction on Creches 203

4.2.6 Employees’ Satisfaction on Welfare Officers 205

4.2.7 Employees’ Satisfaction on Working Hours 206

xiv
4.2.8 Employees’ Satisfaction on Leave Facilities 207

4.2.9 Employees’ Satisfaction on Medical Facilities 209

4.2.10 Employees’ Satisfaction on Housing Facilities 210

4.2.11 Employees’ Satisfaction on Education Facilities 212

4.2.12 Employees’ Satisfaction on Transport Facilities 213

4.2.13 Employees’ Satisfaction on Sports and Recreational Facilities 214

4.2.14 Employees’ Satisfaction on Other Welfare Facilities 216

4.2.15 Overall Satisfaction on Employee Welfare Benefits 217

4.2.16 Employees’ Satisfaction on Provident Fund Benefits 220

4.2.17 Employees’ Satisfaction on Pension Benefits 222

4.2.18 Employees’ Satisfaction on Compensation Scheme Benefits 224

4.2.19 Employees’ Satisfaction on Maternity Benefits 225

4.2.20 Employees’ Satisfaction on Gratuity Benefits 226

4.2.21 Overall Satisfaction on Social Security Benefits 227



xv
 List of Abbreviations

ABT Anamalais Bus Transport

ALCO American Locomotive Company
APA American Psychological Association
CDAC Centre for Development of Advanced Computing
CDE Chief Design Engineer
CEE Chief Electrical Engineer
CEO Chief Executive Officer
CLW Chittranjan Locomotive Works
CMD Chief Medical Director
CME Chief Mechanical Engineer
CMM Chief Marketing Manager
CORE Central Organization for Railway Electrification
COS Controller of Stores
CPO Chief Personnel Officer
CPPS Comprehensive Payroll Processing System
CPRO Chief Public Relations Officer
CQAM Chief Quality Assurance Manager
CRIS The Centre for Railway Information Systems
CTP Chromium Treatment Plant
CVO Chief Vigilance Officer
DBM Data Base Management
DIR Department of Information Resources
DMW Diesel Loco Modernization
DPC Departmental Promotion Committee
DRAS Death Relief Assistance Scheme
Dy. CE Deputy Civil Engineer
Dy. CMgM/ A/ c Deputy Chief Marketing Manager/ Accounts
Dy. DE Deputy Design Engineer
ED Excise Duty
EDP Electronic Data Processing
EMD Electro Motive Division
EMS Environmental Management System

xvi
ESI Employees’ State Insurance
FA & CAO Financial Advisor and Chief Accounts Officer
FMIS Financial Management Information System
GEC General Electric Company
HMT Hindustan Machine Tools
HTPS Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure
ICF Integral Coach Factory
IETP Industrial Effluent Treatment Plant
IGBT Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor
ILO International Labour Organization
IRCON Indian Railway Construction Company Limited
IRCOT Indian Railway Central Organisation for Telecom
IREM Indian Railways Establishment Manual
IRWRI The Indian Railway Welding Research Institute
ISO International Organisation for Standardization
IVRS Interactive Voice Response System
JSW Jindal Steel Works
KCP Krishna Commercial Products
LAP Leave with Full Pay
L&T Larsen and Toubro
LDCE Limited Departmental Competitive Examination
LTC Leave Travel Concession
LWO Labour Welfare Officer
MCF Modern Coach Factory
MDB Message Driven Bean
MMIS Material Management Information System
MNP Mobile Number Portability
MODVAT Modified Value Added Tax
MRVC Mumbai Rail Vikas Corporation Limited
NCR National Capital Region
NINL Neelachal Ispat Nigam Limited
NPCIL Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited
NRF National Renewal Fund
NTPC National Thermal Power Corporation
OHSAS Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Series
OHSMS Occupational Health and Safety Management System

xvii
PCL Poole Construction Company Limited
PMIS Personnel Management Information System
POL Petroleum Oil and Lubricants
PPNC Production Planning and Control
PRSS Pay Roll Salary Saving Scheme
PTC Principal of Training Centre
QMS Quality Management System
RCF Rail Coach Factory
RITES Rail India Technical and Economic Service
RPF Railway Protection Force
RWF Rail Wheel Factory
SCSM Salem Cooperative Sugar Mills
Sr. EDPM Senior Electrical Data Processing Manager
SPB Seshasayee Paper & Boards
Sr. SC Senior Security Commissioner
STP Sewage Treatment Plant
TTC Technical Training Centre
UPSC Uttar Pradesh Service Commission
WDG Wide Gauge Diesel Goods
WDM Wide Gauge Diesel Mixed
WDP Wide Gauge Diesel Passenger
WDS Wide Gauge Diesel Shunting
YMCA Young Men’s Christian Association


xvii
i