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For 4x4 image

8x8 image
elementary images in terms of which DFT expands an image
created by taking the outer product of any two rows of matrix U
Image Restoration and Reconstruction

Image Enhancement vs Restortion

the degraded image is given in the spatial domain by

in the frequency domain is


Spatial and Frequency properties of noise

Noise Distributions

Salt-and-Pepper Noise
Adaptive, Local Noise Reduction
Estimating Noise
Filter

Adaptive Median Filter

Arithmetic Mean Filter


Median,Min,Max

Geometric Mean Filter

Harmonic Mean Filter

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