BS EN 1551-2000 Scan

STDmBSI BS EN L55L-ENGL 2000 II Lb24bb9 0862289 ab9
BRITISH STANDARD 35 EN
1551:ZOOO
Safety of industrial
trucks - Self propelled
trucksoverlO000kg
capacity
The European Standard EN 1551:2ûûûhas the status of a

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British Standard
ICs 53.060
NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMiïTED BY COPYBIGHT LAW
Copyright European Committee for Standardization

Provided by IHS under license with CEN
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale
STDoBSI BS EN 155L-ENGL 2000 L b 2 4 6 6 7 O B b 2 2 7 0 580 W
BS EN 1551:2000
National foreword
This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 1551:2000.
The UK participation in its prepasation was entrusted to Technical Committee
M H E l i , Industrial tnicks - Safety, which has the responsibility to:
- aid enquirers to understand the text,

- present to the responsible European committee any enquiries on the
interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed;
- monitor related international and European developments and promulgate
them in the UK.
A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to

its secretary.
Cross-references
The British Standards which implement international or European publications
referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the
section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the
“Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue.
A British Standard does not purport to include alI the necessary provisions of a
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contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application.
Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity
from legal obligations.
Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page,
pages 2 to 72, an inside back cover and a back cover.
The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document
was last issued
been prepared under the

direction of the Engineering Amd. No. Date Comments
Sector Committee, was published
under the authority of the
Standards Committee and comes
into effect on 15 July 2000
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STD-BSI BS EN 1551-ENGL 2000 L b 2 4 b b î Oäb2291 Y17
EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 1551

NORME EUROPEENNE
EUROPAISCHE NORM April 2000
ICs 53.060
English version
Safety of industrial trucks - Self propelled trucks over 10 O00 kg

capacity
Sbcurité des chariots de manutention - Chariots Sicherheit von Flurförderzeugen- Kraítbetriebene
automoteurs de plus de 10 O00 kg Flurförderzeugeüber 10 O00 kg Tragfähigkeit
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 16 April 1999.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CENICENELEC Intemal Regulationswhich stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning sich national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by traislation
under the responsibilityof a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as tie official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
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EUROPEAN COMMIïTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

C O M I T É EUROPÉEN D E N O R M A L I S A T I O N
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart, 36 8-1050 Brussels
O 2000 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 1551:2000 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

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EN 1551:2000
Contents
Foreword 3
Introduction 5
1 Scope 5
2 Normative references 6
3 Definitions 7
4 List of hazards IO
5 Requirements 18
6 Verification of safety requirements andlor measures 30
7 Information for use 32
Annex A (normative) Single side loading fork lift trucks -Stability tests 37
Annex B (normative) Rough terrain trucks with masts - Stability tests 43
Annex C (normative) Bi-directional and multi-directionaltrucks -Stability tests 48
Annex D (normative) Trucks operated with offset load (offset determined by utilization)
additional stability test 57
Annex E (normative) Side loading trucks handling freight containers of 6 m length and above
additional stability tests 61
Annex F (normative) Overhead guard - Impact drop test 67
Annex G (informative) Loading control 69
Annex ZA (informative) Clauses of this European Standard addressing essential requirements
or other provisions of EU directives 72
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EN 1551:2000
Foreword
This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 150, Industrial Trucks -
Safety, the Secretariat of which is held by BSI.
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This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2000 conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the
latest by October 2000.
This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission
and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA,which is an integral part of this standard.
This European Standard is one of a series of European Standards for the safety of Industrial trucks. The
complete series is as follows:
EN 1726, Safety of Industrial trucks - Self propelled trucks up to and including 1O O00 kg capacity
and industrial tractors with a drawbar pull up to and including 20 O00 N
EN 1726-1, Part 1 :General requirements
EN 1726-2, Part 2 :Additional requirements for trucks with elevating operator position and trucks
specifically designed to travel with elevated loads
EN 1551, Safety of Industrial trucks - Self propelled trucks over 1O 000 kg capacity
EN 1459,
EN 1757,
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Safety of Industrial trucks - Self propelled variable reach trucks
Safety of Industrial trucks - Pedestrian propelled trucks
EN 1757-1, Part 1 :Stacker trucks
EN 1757-2, Part 2 :Pallet trucks
EN 1757-3, Part 3 :Plaíform trucks
EN 1757-4, Part 4 :Scissors lift pallet trucks
EN 1525, Safety of Industrial trucks - Driverless trucks and their systems
EN 1526, Safety of Industrial trucks -Additional requirements for automated functions on trucks
EN 1175, Safety of Industrial trucks - Electrical requirements
EN i175-1, Part 1: General requirements for battery powered trucks
EN 1175-2, Part 2: General requirements for IC engine powered trucks
EN 1175-3, Part 3: Specific requirements for electrical power transmission systems of IC engine
powered trucks
EN 1755, Safety of Industrial trucks - Operation in potentially explosive atmospheres; use in

flammable gas, vapour, mist and dust.
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EN 1551:2000
EN 12053, Safety of Industrial trucks - Test methods for measuring noise emissions
EN IS0 13564, Safety of Industrial trucks - lest methods for measuring visibility from self propelled
trucks
EN 13059, Safety of Industrial trucks - Test methods for measuring vibration
EN 12895, Safety of Industrial trucks - Electromagnetic compatibility
According to the CENICENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal,
Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
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EN 1551:2000
Introduction
This European Standard is a type C standard as stated in EN 292-1.
This standard has been prepared to be a harmonized standard to provide one means of conforming with the
essential safety requirements of the Machinery Directive and associated EFTA regulations.
The extent to which hazards are covered is indicated in the scope of this standard. In addition, machinery
shall comply as appropriate with EN 292 for hazards which are not covered by this standard.
1 Scope
1.1 This standard applies to self propelled lift trucks, the rated capacity of which exceeds 1O O00 kg.
This standard does not cover:
- Trucks powered by natural gas.
- Trucks operated by remote control.
- Trucks with elevating operator position.
1.2 For the purposes of this standard, self propelled lift trucks (hereinafter referred to as "trucks") are
counterbalanced lift trucks, with masts, as defined in 3.1.3.1.1 of IS0 5053:1987; side loading trucks are
defined in 3.1.3.1.7 of I S 0 5053:1987 or rough terrain trucks, with masts, as defined in 3.1.3.1.8 of
IS0 5053:1987.
1.3 This standard applies to industrial trucks equipped with load handling devices for normal industrial
duties, e.g. fork arms or attachments for specified applications. Fork arms and integrated attachments are
considered to be parts of the industrial truck.
Attachments mounted on the load carrier or on the fork arms which are removable by the user are not
considered to be part of the industrial truck.
For attachments the appropriate clauses of this standard are applicable.
1.4 This European Standard contains the technical requirements to minimize the specific hazards listed in
clause 4 which may occur during normal operation and maintenance of the trucks in accordance with the
data given by the manufacturer or his authorized representatives.
This European Standard does not cover those requirements to minimize hazards which may occur:
- during construction;
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- when handling suspended loads which may swing freely;
- when using trucks on public roads;
- when using a work platform.
This European Standard does not repeat the technical rules which are state of the art and which are
applicable to the material used to construct the truck. Reference should be made to EN 292-2.
1.5 Where industrial trucks are required to operate in severe conditions (e.g. in extreme climates, in strong
magnetic fields, in potentially explosive atmospheres) special precautions may be necessary. These are not
covered in this standard.
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EN 1551:2000
2 Normative references
This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications.
These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed
hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply
to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references
the latest edition of the publication referred to applies.
EN 281:1988, Construction and layout of pedals of self propelled industrial trucks sit down rider
controlled
EN 292-2:1991, Safety of Machinery - Basic concepts, general principles of design - Part 1. Basic
terminology, methodology
EN 292-1 11991, Safety of Machinery - Basic concepts, general principles of design - Part 2. Technical
principles and specifications
EN 1175-1:1998, Safety of industrial trucks - Electrical requirements - Part 1: General requirements for
battery powered trucks
EN 1175-2:1998, Safety of industrial trucks - Electrical requirements - Part 2: General requirements for
internal combustion engine powered trucks
EN 1175-33 998, Safety of industrial trucks - Electrical requirements - Part 3: Specific requirements for
electrical power transmission systems of internal combustion engine powered trucks
EN 1526:1998, Safety of industrial trucks -Additional requirements for automated functions on trucks
EN 1755:2000, Safety of industrial trucks - Operation in potentially explosive atmospheres: Use in
prEN 12053,
flammable gas, vapour mist and dust.
Safety of industrial trucks - Test methods for measuring noise emissions
prEN IS0 13564, Safety of industrial trucks - Test methods for measuring visibility from self propelled
industrial trucks
prEN 13059, Safety of industrial trucks - Test methods for measuring vibration.
IS0 1074:1991, Counterbalanced fork lift trucks - Stability tests
IS0 2330:1995, fork litl trucks - Fork arms - technical characteristics and testing.
I S 0 2867: 1994, Earth moving machinery -Access systems

I S 0 3287: 1999, Powered industrial trucks - Control symbols
IS0 37951989, Road vehicles, and tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry - Determination
of burning behaviour of interior materials
IS0 3874: 1997, Series ? Freight containers - Handling and securing
IS0 5053:1987, Powered industrial trucks - Terminology
IS0 5767:1992, Industrial trucks operating in special conditions of stacking with the mast tilted forward -
Additional stability test
IS0 6055:1997, High lift rider trucks - Overhead guards - Specification and testing
IS0 6292:1996, Powered industrial trucks - Brake performance and component strength
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EN 1551:2000
IS0 10525:1997, Counterbalanced trucks handling freight containers of 6rn length and above -Additional
stability tests
IS0 10658:1996, Industrial trucks operating in special conditions of stacking wifh load laterally displaced by
powered devices -Additional stability test
ISOIDIS 15870, Powered industrial trucks - Safety signs and hazard pictorials - General principles
3 Definitions
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For the purposes of this standard, the definitions of the industrial trucks and their components given in
IS0 5053 apply, together with the following.
3.1
rated capacity of truck
load in kilograms, given by the manufacturer, that the truck type is capable of transporting or lifting under the
following specific conditions
For the load Q the following conditions apply:
- Load centre of gravity G (see Figure 1) positioned at the standard load centre û. (3.3).
- Load Q vertically stacked to the standard lift height (3.2).
- Truck equipped with a double mast where the maximum lift height is equal to the standard lift height.
When the truck does not utilize a double mast it shall be given rated capacity on the standard lifl height
as if the mast were available.
D = standard load centre distance
G = load centre of gravity, positioned in the longitudinal plane of symmetry between the mast uprights
H = standard lift height
Q = rated load
Figure I
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EN 1551:2000
3.2
standard lift height
height H from the ground to the upper face of the fork arm blade, which is 5 O00 mm for all truck types
3.3
standard load centre distance
distance D for the centre of gravity G of the load measured horizontally to the front face of the fork arm shank
and vertically to the upper face of the fork arm blade as specified in 3.3.1 for counterbalanced trucks and
3.3.2 for side loading trucks
3.3.1 Values for distance D are defined in Table 1.
Table 1
I Rated load Q, kilograms
From (included) To (excluded) 600

Standard load centre distance D, millimetres
900 1 200
I
10 O01 20 O00 X X X
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20 O00 25 O00 X X
25 O00 and above X
3.3.2
3.4
actual capacity of the truck
The distance D for side loading trucks is specified by the manufacturer
the maximum load in kilograms permitted by the manufacturer, that the subject truck is capable of
transporting or lifting in normal use (the use for which the truck is designed according to the manufacturer or
his authorized representative)
Actual capacity will vary with the different types and heights of mast fitted, changes of fork arms or
attachments and different load centre distances used in rating.
Additional actual capacity ratings with removable attachments may also be established where permitted by
the appropriate stability specifications.
3.5
rated capacity of removable attachments
maximum load in kilograms, and load centre where applicable, that the attachment is capable of handling in
normal operating conditions; as specified by the attachment manufacturer
3.6
operator
any trained person who is responsible for the movement and load handling of the industrial truck
3.7
normal operating position
position in which the operator shall be able to control all functions for driving and load handling. Additional
positions may be needed if it is not possible to control all functions of the truck from one position
3.8
forward driving direction and the front end of the truck
the front end of the truck and the forward direction is the end nearest the arrow in Figures 2 and 3
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3.8.1
counterbalanced truck
Figure 2
3.8.2
side loading truck
Figure 3
3.9
automatically acting brakes
brakes which are applied in non-operated conditions by stored energy, e.g. spring force, until released by
sustained force under control of the operator
The brake system is automatically applied in the event of failure of energy supply to the brake system.
3.1 O
normal operating conditions
are those described in the stability documents as shown in 5.8.
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4 List of hazards
The following hazards from Annex A of EN 414:1992 are applicable in the situations described and could
invoke risks to persons if not reduced or eliminated. The corresponding requirements are designed to limit
the risk or reduce these hazards in each situation.
Hazard Corresponding requirement

4.1 Mechanical hazard
4.1 .I Crushing hazard 5.3 Brakes
5.4 Controls
5.5.3 Engine access
5.7 Operator position
5.7.4 Protection from road wheels
5.7.6 Protection against crushing, shearing and
trapping
5.9.1 Operators overhead guard
5.9.2 Warning device
5.10.1 Visibility
5.11.1.1 Cab
5.11.5 Transport
7.2.2 Operation of the truck
7.3.3.4 Warning symbols
4.1.2 Shearing hazards 5.3 Brakes

5.4 Controls
5.5.3 Engine access
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trapping

5.10.1 Visibility
4.1.3 Cutting or severing hazard 5.1.3 Edges or angles

5.5.3 Engine access
trapping
4.1.4 Entanglement hazard 5.5.3 Engine access
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4.1.5 Drawing in or trapping hazard 5.5.3 Engine access
trapping
5.1 I.I
.6 Operators cablemergency exit
4.1.6 Impact hazard 5.1.2 Calculation
- from mechanical failure 5.6.1 Lift chains and wire ropes
5.6.2 Mechanical lifting system
5.6.3 Hydraulic lifting and tilting system
5.6.5 Fork arms
6.2 Structural verification
- from unstable loads 5.6.2 Mechanical lifting system

5.6.5 Fork arms
5.6.6 Fork carriers
5.6.7 Load handling attachments
5.9.3 Load backrest
.I Operators cab
5.11.I
- from road debris 5.7.4 Protection from road wheels
- from lifting or transporting a truck 5.1 1.5 Transport
4.1.7 Stabbing or puncture hazard 5.1.3 Edges or angles

7.2.5 Service and maintenance of the truck
4.1 .€i Friction or abrasion hazard Not applicable
4.1.9 High pressure fluid ejection 5.1.4 Stored energy components

5.6.4.1 Hydraulic system
5.6.4.2 Pressure relief valves
5.6.7.3 Attachment hydraulic system
5.6.7.4 Combined hydraulic system
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EN 1551:2000
4.1 .I
O Ejection of parts See 4.10.2
4.1 .I
1 Loss of stability 5.6.3.4 Hydraulic tilting system
5.8 Stability
7.3 Minimum marking
4.1 . I 2 Slip trip and fall hazards 5.7.2 Operator access and egress
4.2 Electrical requirements
4.2.1 Electrical contact 5.1.1 Electrical requirements
4.2.2 Electrical phenomena - Not covered by this standard
4.2.3 Thermal radiation - Not applicable
4.2.4 External influences - Not covered by this standard

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4.3 Thermal hazards
4.3.1 Burns and scalds 5.5.1 Exhaust system

5.7.5 Protection from burning
5.11.I
.2 Cab material fire resistance
4.3.2 Severe climate conditions - Not covered by this standard
4.4 Hazards generated by noise
4.4.1 Hearing loss 5.1 1.2 Noise emission

7.2.1 Concerning the trucklattachment
4.4.2 Interference with speech 5.1 1.2 Noise emission

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EN 1551:2000

4.5 Hazards generated by vibration 5.1 1.3 Vibration
4.6 Hazards generated by radiation - Not covered by this standard
4.7 Hazards generated by materials
4.7.1 Contact or inhalation 5.5.1 Exhaust system

5.11.1.3 Totally enclosed cab
7.2.4 Effect of exhaust emissions
4.7.2 Fire or explosion 5.1 .I Electrical requirements

5.5.2 Fuel tanks
5.5.4 LPG requirements
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5.1 1.1.2 Cab material fire resistance

7.2.1 Concerning the truckiattachment
4.7.3 Biological and microbiological hazards - Not applicable
4.8 Hazards due to neglect of ergonomics
4.8.1 Unhealthy postures or excess effort 5.7.1 Operator position dimensions

5.7.2 Operator access and egress
5.7.3 Seat
5.9.1 .i Overhead guard headroom
5.11.1.l Cab headroom
7.2.2 Operation of truck
4.8.2 Inadequacy with human anatomy 5.5.1 Exhaust system

and comfort 5.1 I.I
.3 Cab ventilation
5.1 1.1.4 Cab heater
4.8.3 Neglected use of personal protection - Not applicable

equipment
4.8.4 Inadequate local lighting 5.10.2 Truck lighting
4.8.5 Mental overload and underload - Not applicable
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4.8.6 Human errors 5.4.7 Marking of controls
7.1 Residual hazards
7.2 Instruction handbook
4.9 Hazard combinations - Not applicable
4.1O Hazards due to functional disorders
4.10.1 Failure of energy supply 5.3.3 Automatically acting brakes

5.4.3.2 Steering power supply
5.6.4.3 Supply to hydraulic circuit
4.10.2 Ejection of parts - Not applicable

- Loss of load 7.2.2 Operation of truck
4.1 0.3 Failure of control system 5.1 .I Electrical requirements

5.2.2 Unintended movement
5.6.4 Hydraulic system
7.2.5 Service and maintenance
4.10.4 Errors of fitting 5.1.4 Stored energy components

7.2.5 Service and maintenance
7.2.6 Transportation
4.10.5 Loss of machinery stability See 4.1 .I

1
4.1 1 Hazards due to missing safety means - Not applicable
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Additional hazards due to mobility

4.12 Inadequate lighting of moving/working 5.10.2 Truck lighting
area
4.13 Hazards due to sudden movement, 5.2.1 Unintended starting

Instability etc, during handling 5.8 Stability
5.1 1.5 Transport
6.3 Functional verification
4.14 Inadequate/inergonomicdesign of
driving position
4.14.1 Hazards due to dangerous 5.5.1 Exhaust system

Environments (contact with moving 5.5.3 Engine access
parts, exhaust gases etc.)

5.1 1.4 Operation in potentially explosive
atmospheres
4.14.2 Inadequate visibility from drivers 5.10.1 Visibility

Position 5.1 1.I
.5 Windscreen wipers
4.14.3 Inadequate seaheating 5.7 Operators position
4.14.4 Inadequate/ergonornicdesign/
positioning of controls
- Distance between the levers - Not covered by this standard

- Power for acting levers - Not covered by this standard
- Strength of controls - Not covered by this standard
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- Strength of brake components 5.3.1 Brakes
4.14.5 Startinglmoving of self propelled

machinery
- Layout of pedals 5.4.2.1 Layout of pedals

- Additional operator positions 5.4.1.2 Additional operator positions
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4.14.6 Road traffic of self propelled machinery
- Layout of pedals 5.4.2.1 Layout of pedals
- Direction of movement 5.4.2 Travel and braking controls
5.4.3.1 Steering direction
5.4.5 Multifunction controls
5.10.2 Lighting
4.14.7 Movement of pedestrian controlled - Not applicable

machinery
4.15 Mechanical hazards
4.15.1 Hazards to exposed persons due to 5.4.1 .I Arrangement of controls

uncontrolled movement 5.6.3.1 Leakage in hydraulic lift system
5.6.3.4 Leakage in hydraulic tilt system
4.1 5.2 Hazards due to break up and/or Not applicable

ejection of parts
4.1 5.3 Hazards due to rollover Not applicable
4.1 5.4 Hazards due to falling objects 5.9.1 Overhead guard

5.9.3 Load backrest
.I Operators cab
5.1 1.I
4.1 5.5 Inadequate means of access 5.7.2 Operator access and egress
4.1 5.6 Hazards due to towing, coupling, 7.2.2 Operation of the truck
connecting transmission etc.
4.15.7 Hazards due to batteries, fire, 5.1.1 Electrical requirements

Emissions etc. 5.5.1 Exhaust system
5.5.2 Fuel tanks
5.5.4 LPG requirements
7.2.1 Concerning the truck
- Fire extinguisher
7.2.3 Battery powered trucks
- hydrogen accumulation
7.2.4 Engine powered trucks
- exhaust emissions
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Additional hazards due to lifting operations

4.16.1 Lack of stability 5.8 Stability
4.16.2 Derailment of machinery - Not applicable
4.16.3 Loss of mechanical strength 5.1.2 Calculation

5.6.1 Lift chains and wire ropes
5.6.5 Fork arms
6.1 Verification, general
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4.16.4 Hazards caused by uncontrolled 5.4.2 Travel and braking controls

movement 5.4.4 Load handling controls
5.4.5 Multifunction controls
5.4.6 Controls for automated functions
5.6.7.2 Clamping devices
5.6.7.5 Spreader
4.1 7 Inadequate view of the trajectories of 5.10.1 Visibility

moving parts
4.18 Hazards caused by lightning Not applicable
4.19 Hazards due to loading/overloading 5.6.4.2 Pressure relief valve

5.8 Stability
6. I Verification, general
G Informative annex, loading control
4.20 Hazards due to pressure vessels - Not covered by this standard
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5 Requirements
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5.1 General
5.1.1 Electrical requirements
Electrical systems and equipment shall comply with EN 1175-1:1998, EN 1175-2:1998 and EN 1175-3:1998.
5.1.2 Calculation
For calculation of strength and durability of components the requirements of clause 5 and 6.2 shall be met.
5.1.3 Edges or angles
In the area of the operator in the normal operating position and in the area of access and egress no sharp
edges or angles shall occur.
5.1.4 Stored energy components
Stored energy components which cannot be removed or disassembled without decompression, e.g.
hydraulic accumulator or spring applied brakes, shall have the capability of decompression.
5.2 Starting/moving
5.2.1 Unintended starting
The truck shall be provided with a device (e.g. a key) which prevents unintended starting by unauthorized
persons.
5.2.2 Unintended movement
5.2.2.1 A parking brake shall be provided complying with 5.3.1.
5.2.2.2 Internal combustion engine powered trucks shall be fitted with a device which prevents the
engine being started whilst the transmission is engaged.
5.2.2.3 Travel controls on internal combustion engine powered trucks shall be so arranged that on level
ground, the truck will not move from rest until the transmission has been engaged. With the transmission
engaged, the truck shall not move faster than 2,5 km/h as long as the controls for the driving speed are not
activated.
5.2.2.4 Means shall be provided to prevent powered travel when the operator dismounts from the truck.
On internal combustion engine powered trucks, the parking brake and neutral travel control, applied by the
operator, may be used to satisfy this requirement.
5.3 Brakes
5.3.1 Service and parking brakes shall comply with IS0 6292.
5.3.2 For trucks with capacities greater than 50 O00 kg, brakes shall also comply with IS0 6292.
5.3.3 Failure of the power supply for automatically acting brakes shall not result in loss of braking.
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5.4 Controls
5.4.1 General
5.4.1.1 Controls shall, where practicable, be consistent with the truck motions being operated and shall
be confined within the plan view outline of the truck.
5.4.1.2 If additional operating positions are fitted, the operation of the controls shall only be possible
from one operating position at a time, except the emergency switch off.
A suitable safeguard shall be specified to ensure that the change over from one control position to another is
done safely.
5.4.2 Travel and braking controls
5.4.2.1 Pedal layout
Pedal operated travel and braking controls shall comply with EN 281.
5.4.2.2 Differential locking
For trucks fitted with a differential lock which is pedal operated, depression of the pedal shall lock the
differential.
It shall be possible to unlock the differential when the truck is moving.
5.4.2.3 Hand operated direction control lever
The movement of a direction control lever shall correspond to the required direction of travel.
5.4.2.4 Hand operated accelerator control lever
The control lever shall be a hold to run control, on release of the control its action shall return to minimum
speed. The movement of an accelerator control lever shall be parallel to the longitudinal axis of the truck.
Movement towards the front of the truck shall increase speed.
5.4.3 Steering controls
5.4.3.1 Steering direction
Clockwise rotation of the steering wheel shall steer the truck to the right when the truck is travelling in the
forward direction. If a reversible control unit or multiple controls are fitted, clockwise rotation of a steering
wheel shall also steer the truck to the operators right when the truck is travelling in reverse with the operator
facing in that direction.
5.4.3.2 Power supply
In the event of an interruption of the power supplied to the steering system (including a dead motor or
engine), it shall be possible to maintain the path being steered until the truck is brought to a controlled stop.
5.4.3.3 The steering system shall be non reactive, full power or power assisted.
5.4.4 Load handling controls
Controls shall return to neutral when released, even in the case of accidental operation, stopping all load
movement.
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Controls for lift and tilt shall preferably be located to be operable by the operators right hand and clearly
separate from the driving controls.
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The control closest to the operator shall preferably be for lift.
5.4.5 Multi function controls
Where a control is designed and constructed to perform more than one function each separate function shall
be clearly marked.
5.4.6 Controls for automated functions
The controls shall comply with EN 1526.
5.4.7 Marking
For marking controls graphic symbols complying with 7.3.1.3 are sufficient.
5.5 Power systems and accessories
5.5.1 Exhaust system
The exhaust system shall be so designed that the health of the operator is not impaired by temperature rises
(see 5.7.5) or exhaust gases (see 7.2.4).
5.5.2 Fuel tanks
5.5.2.1 If a fuel tank is within or contiguous with the engine compartment and excessively high
temperatures may occur, the tank and/or filling arrangement shall be isolated from the electrical and exhaust
system by suitable protection e.g. a separate enclosure or baffles. The tank location and facilities for filling
shall be such that spillage or leakage will not drain into the engine or operators compartment or onto
electrical or exhaust system parts.
5.5.2.2 Fuel spillage shall not be possible under normal operating conditions.
5.5.3 Engine access
5.5.3.1 If when the engine cover is open there are unguarded moving parts within the engine
compartment, access to the compartment shall be possible only by means of a key or tool or by a release
handle within a lockable operator’s cab.
Access from underneath is considered guarded if the access underclearance is less than 600 mm between
the underside of the truck and level ground.
5.5.3.2 Opening access covers, such as traction battery or engine covers, shall be provided with a
means of preventing unintentional closure, where such unintentional closure could cause injury.
5.5.4 Additional requirements for internal combustion engine powered trucks using liquefied
petroleum gas (LPG)
5.5.4.1 Containers
a) Containers for LPG shall be either permanently fixed on the truck or removable.
b) Removable containers shall be secured on the truck in such a way that only intentional release is
possible.
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Pipe fittings and accessories on containers shall be adequately protected against mechanical damage
when used as specified by the container manufacturer.
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Containers, whether fixed or removable, shall be equipped with a device to prevent the unintentional
emission of gas or liquid, particularly in the case of a pipe failure. This does not apply to pressure relief
valves.
The fuel take-off on the container shall be equipped with an easily and quickly accessible manually
operated valve. The position and method of operation of this valve shall be clearly marked on the
outside of the truck on or near the valve.
The fuel take-off shall be in a liquid form unless the container and engine are specially equipped for
direct vapour withdrawal.
Containers to be filled by the user shall have the following fitted:
1) A safety pressure relief valve shall be connected to the vapour space of the container.
Where such containers are fitted inside compartments of trucks the discharge side of the relief valve
shall be piped to atmosphere. The gas shall be led away safely. See also 5.5.4.3d.
2) A fixed maximum level indicating device shall be fitted. Where containers are fitted inside
compartments of trucks the discharge side of any maximum level indicating device which relies on
bleeding gas to atmosphere shall at a readily visible position on the outside of the truck, as follows:
- Maximum level indicating devices which rely on bleeding to atmosphere shall be designed
so that the bleed hole is not larger than 1 3 mm diameter and also so that the parts of the
device cannot be completely withdrawn in normal gauging operations.
- All maximum liquid level devices shall be suitable for the LPG in use, indicate the
maximum product level and shall not vent to atmosphere.
If containers are installed in a compartment, this compartment shall have permanent openings at the
bottom. The total surface area of these ventilation openings shall be at least 200 c d allowing adequate
ventilation to the outside atmosphere and without risk to the operator.
When containers are removable, their fastenings shall permit easy handling and checking of the
installation after the exchange of containers.
Removable containers which incorporate a safety pressure relief valve shall be so positioned on the
truck that the safety pressure relief valve is always in communication with the vapour space at the top of
the container. This may be accomplished by an indexing pin which positions the container when the
container is properly installed.
If a spare or an additional container is carried on the truck, it shall be secured in the same manner as
the main container.
Containers shall be positioned in such a way that they are not exposed to the damaging effects of heat,
particularly heat from the engine and the exhaust system. It shall be possible to fit a heat shield which
shall not inhibit ventilation under any circumstances.
Containers shall be fitted on the truck in such a way that they are not unduly exposed to abrasion or
shock nor to the corrosive action of the products handled by the truck.
Containers and their connections shall be installed in such a way that there are no projections outside
the plan view outline of the truck.
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5.5.4.2 LPG piping
Connecting piping and all associated parts shall be protected against damage and wear, and flexible
enough to withstand vibration and deformation in service, as follows:
- Piping shall be so arranged that damage or leaks are easily detectable.
- Piping shall be installed in such a way that it cannot be damaged by the hot parts of the engine.
- Fully rigid pipes shall not be used for connecting the container to equipment on the engine.
Pressure hoses above 1 bar shall be supported at least every 500 mm. Rigid pipes shall be supported
at least every 600 mm.
Hoses, pipes and all connections operating at pressure above 1 bar shall be suitable for a working
pressure of 25 bar and shall withstand without bursting a test pressure of 75 bar. Hoses, pipes and all
connections operating below 1 bar shall withstand without bursting a test pressure of five times the
maximum pressure likely to be encountered in service.
Excessive pressure shall be avoided in any section of pipework containing LPG in liquid form between
two shut off valves which may be closed; e.g. a pressure relief valve or other suitable means may be
used if necessary.
Aluminium piping shall not be used in LPG lines.
Hose lengths shall be as short as practicable.
High pressure unions and joints (above 1 bar) shall be made of metal except for any constrained sealing
washers.
5.5.4.3 Equipment
The supply of gas shall be automatically cut off when the engine stops irrespective of whether or not the
ignition system has been switched off.
For multifuel applications, the system shall be designed to avoid the possibility of LPG entering any
other fuel container, and to shut off each fuel source before the alternative one is opened.
If the truck is equipped with two or more containers to supply fuel, they shall be connected via a
multiway valve, or other suitable means, so that LPG can only be drawn from one container at a time.
The use of two or more containers at the same time shall not be possible.
Safety pressure relief valves and liquid level indicators shall be installed in such a way that they cannot
discharge in the direction of the operator or onto truck components which may be a source of ignition.
If corrosion of a part would interfere with its proper functioning, that part shall be provided with a
corrosion resistant protective coating.
All fuel system components shall be firmly secured to the truck.
Pressure reducing valves shall be readily accessible for inspection and maintenance.
5.6 Systems for lifting and tilting

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5.6.1 Lift chains and wire ropes
Chains and wire ropes shall have a certificate on record, from the chain or wire rope manufacturer, showing
the breaking load.
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5.6.1 .1 Chains
When the lifting mechanism includes a chain or chains, the manufacturer shall only use leaf or roller chains
which, in relation to the minimum breaking load certified by the manufacturer of the chain, will provide a
minimum factor Ki = 4 in relation to the static load that would exist in a single chain or equally loaded chains
when the maximum rated load is in the transporting position, assuming no friction in the mast structure and
satisfying both of the following conditions:
a) KI = 5 - 0,2(Q1- I O )
b) Ki is not less than 4
Where:
minimum breaking load of a new chain x number of chains

Ki = maximum load of the truck + dead weight of the lifting mechanism carried by the chains
Qi = the rated capacity in tonnes.
Pulley diameters shall be at least three times the pitch of the chains.
5.6.1.2 Wire ropes
When the lift mechanism includes one or more wire ropes, the truck manufacturer shall select wire ropes
which, in relation to the minimum breaking load certified by the manufacturer of the wire rope, will provide a
minimum factor K2 = 6 in relation to the static load that would exist in a single wire rope or equally loaded
wire ropes when the maximum rated load is in the transporting position, assuming no friction in the mast
structure.
Where:
minimum breaking load for new wire rope x number of wire ropes
K2 =
maximum load of the truck +dead weight of the lifting mechanism carried by the wire ropes
The diameter of the wire rope guide pulleys, measured from the bottom of the groove, shall be at least 22
times the diameter of the wire rope.
Splicing of wire ropes except at the terminal ends is not allowed.
5.6.2.1 The lifting system shall comply with the requirements of 5.6.3.3.
5.6.2.2 When mechanical lifting systems are used it shall not under normal operation be possible to
lower the load using a friction brake.
5.6.2.3 In the event of the failure of the lifting mechanism or its parts (e.g. gearwheel, chainwheel,
spindle or rope pulley) it shall not cause the elevated driver position and/or the load to fall. This requirement
also applies to rack and pinion lifting systems or with spindle drive.
5.6.2.4 The lowering speed of the lifting mechanism with its rated load shall not exceed 0,6m/s.
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5.6.3.1 Hydraulic lifting system
The descent of the rated load caused by an internal leakage in the hydraulic system, with the mast
substantially vertical, shall not exceed 200 mm in the first 10 min, with the oil in the hydraulic system at
normal operating temperature.
5.6.3.2 Lowering speed limitation
A control device shall be incorporated in the lift circuit which even in the event of failure of the hydraulic
circuit, excluding the hydraulic lift cylinder(s), shall restrict the rate of descent of the lifting mechanism with its
rated load to 0.6 m/s maximum.
5.6.3.3 Limitation of stroke
The lift assembly shall be fitted with stops to prevent over travel. In addition, means shall be provided to
prevent the fork carrier and moving elements of the mast structure from accidentally disengaging from the
upper end of the mast.
5.6.3.4 Hydraulic tilting systems
The internal leakage rate of the complete hydraulic tilting system (¡.e. cylinders, valve, etc.) with the oil at
normal operating temperature shall allow an average tilting speed of the mast to the front of less than 5" in
the first 10 minutes, from the vertical mast position when the rated load is at a height of 2 500 mm, or in the
case of trucks with lift heights of less than 2 500 mm, at their maximum lift height. The average tilting speed
allowed by leakages shall not exceed O,S"/min for trucks with a maximum forward tilt of less than 5".
5.6.4.1 Hydraulic circuit
All hoses, piping and connections subject to internal pressure shall be capable of withstanding without
bursting a pressure equal to at least three times the operating pressure to which the respective hydraulic
circuit may be subjected.
5.6.4.2 Pressure relief valves
All hydraulic systems shall include a device which prevents the pressure in the system from exceeding a
preset level.
The device shall be so designed and fitted that accidental loosening or adjustment is avoided and so that a
tool or key is required to alter the pressure setting.
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NOTE Loading control see informative Annex G.
5.6.4.3 Failure of energy supply to hydraulic circuit
In the case of a fault or interruption of the supply of energy, the design of the hydraulic installation shall be
such that the hydraulic pressure in the system does not unintentionally cause the pump to function as a
hydraulic motor.
5.6.4.4 Oil purification
The hydraulic systems shall be protected against the risk of contamination of the hydraulic oil e.g. by means
of magnet(s), filter(s), etc.
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5.6.5 Fork arms
5.6.5.1 Fork arms shall be manufactured and tested in accordance with IS0 2330. The total capacity of
the fork arms fitted to the truck shall not be less than the actual capacity of the truck.
5.6.5.2 Means shall be provided to prevent unintentional lateral displacement of the fork arms on the
fork carrier.
5.6.6 Fork carriers
5.6.6.1 Means shall be provided on the fork carrier to prevent lateral disengagement of the fork arms at
the extremities.
5.6.6.2 If a fork arm removal slot is provided at the bottom of the fork carrier it shall not be positioned
opposite a slot at the top of the fork carrier unless means are provided to prevent the fork arm being
inadvertently displaced.
5.6.7.1 Attachments (e.g. fork arm extensions, clamps, sideshifters, etc.) shall be designed and
manufactured in such a way that unintentional lateral displacement or detachment from the truck is
prevented. Movement of the attachment and its parts shall be mechanically limited at the extreme positions.
5.6.7.2 Clamping devices shall be so designed that the load is automatically retained for at least
10 minutes by means of non return valves, or any other effective system, when the trucks control
mechanisms are in the neutral position or in the event of a malfunction in the power supply system for the
attachment.
5.6.7.3 If an attachment has its own separate hydraulic system, it shall comply with 5.6.4.
5.6.7.4 If an attachment has a hydraulic system which is connected to the truck hydraulic system, the
two systems shall be compatible and the combined systems shall comply with 5.6.4.
5.6.7.5 On spreaders for top lifting of freight containers a device shall be provided that prevents the
containers being lifted unless all four twist locks are fully engaged and locked. All attachments for the
handling of freight containers shall be fitted with a device to prevent unlocking of the interface mechanism
when the container is suspended.

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5.7.1 Dimensions
The operators seat shall be so located that the operator whilst operating the truck has enough room to
remain within the plan view outline of the truck. The dimensions, in millimetres, shall not be less than those
shown in Figure 4. Where there are facilities for additional personnel these minimum dimensions are also
applicable.
The operator positions shall be arranged and structured in such a way that, in the normal operating position,
the operator is able to reach and operate all the controls whilst maintaining an ergonomic posture.
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EN 1551:2000
1 1
t t
f
4
5 6
1 Direction of travel
2 Side of truck
3 Side of truck
4 Rear of truck
5 Front seated
6 Sideseated
Figure 4
5.7.2 Operator access and egress
5.7.2.1 Trucks shall be designed to permit easy access and egress without undue risk of slipping and
falling. Steps, running boards and handholds (e.g. grab handles, fixed parts of the truck structure, etc.) shall
be provided, where necessary, to give three point contact at all heights (¡.e. one hand and two feet or two
hands and one foot). Step and handhold dimensions shall comply with I S 0 2867.
5.7.2.2 Steps may be of open construction but shall have slip resistant surfaces or covering
(e.g. expanded metal, abrasive coating). The first step shall be not more than 550 mm from the ground and
succeeding steps shall preferably be at regular intervals of 250 mm to 350 mm. Step width, instep clearance
and toe clearance shall comply with Figure 1 of I S 0 2867.
5.7.2.3 Any walkways, including appropriate parts of the operators compartment floor, shall have a slip
resistant surface (e.g. ribbed mats, abrasive coating, expanded metal, etc.). Walkways more than two metres
from the ground shall have adequate guard rails 1 O00 mm to 1 100 mm high.
5.7.3 Operators seat
The seat shall be designed to provide ready access to the controls, a comfortable position for the operator
and shall fulfil the following requirements:
a) Fore and aft adjustment without the use of tools shall be provided to allow ready access to the controls.
b) If a weight adjustable seat is fitted, the adjustment shall cater for a minimum weight range of 55 kg to
110 kg. Manual adjustment of the weight mechanism shall be possible without the use of tools.
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c) If the seat has a facility allowing it to swivel about a vertical axis, this shall be possible at all seat
adjustment positions without inadvertently operating the controls.
d) The seat mounting shall withstand the forces which may occur during operation (e.g. braking forces).
e) The requirements of a) to d) also apply to additional operators seats.
The operator in the normal operating position shall be protected against contact with the truck road wheels
and against objects thrown up by the wheels (e.g. mud, gravel, stones, etc.). The protective device for the
steered wheels need only cover the wheels in the straight line position.
5.7.5 Protection from burning
All parts of the truck within the reach of the operator in the normal operating position, or when getting into or
leaving the operating position, shall be insulated or shielded, if necessary, so that their surface temperature
does not exceed 65 "C for bare metal parts and 83 "C for painted or plastic parts, where the heat is
generated by the truck.
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The temperature of the air at the heater outlet, where fitted, shall not exceed 60 "C.
5.7.6 Protection against crushing, shearing and trapping
5.7.6.1 Parts which move relative to one another, which are within the reach of the operator in the
normal operating position, shall be adequately, guarded or be separated by the following minimum distance:
- Places where the operators fingers can be trapped: 25 mm minimum.
- Places where the operators hands or feet can be trapped: 50 mm minimum.
- Places where the operators arms or legs can be trapped: 100 mm minimum.
Relative moving parts that need to contact or move in close proximity to one another shall be guarded to
prevent access when the distance between those parts is more than 8 mm.
If residual hazards exist, those shall be identified on the truck in accordance with 7.3.3.4.
5.7.6.2 Crushing and shearing hazards associated with attachments, except at the load supporting
points, shall also meet the relevant requirements of 5.7.6.1. If residual hazards exist, those shall be identified
on the attachment in accordance with 7.3.3.4.
5.7.7 Additional operator positions
Positions for additional operator(s) shall comply with the requirements as specified in 5.7.1 to 5.7.7.
5.8 Verification of stability
5.8.1 In order to restrict the hazards of longitudinal and lateral tipover during normal operations, trucks
shall comply with the requirements specified below without permanent deformation (see 7.2.2 and Annex G).
- Counterbalanced trucks: IS0 1074.
- Single side loading trucks: Annex A.
- Rough terrain trucks: Annex B.
- Bi-directional and multi-directional trucks: Annex C.
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5.8.2 For the use of trucks other than in normal operating conditions, the following additional stability tests
shall apply where appropriate:
- Counterbalanced trucks: I S 0 5767, IS0 10525, I S 0 10658, Annex D.
- Single side loading trucks: Annex E.
- Rough terrain trucks: IS0 5767, I S 0 10658, Annex D.
5.8.3 For trucks with capacities greater than 50 O00 kg, stability shall also comply with the minimum
requirements specified in IS0 1074, IS0 5767, I S 0 10525 and IS0 10658 as appropriate.
5.9 Protective devices
5.9.1.1 Trucks shall be fitted with an overhead guard complying with IS0 6055, to protect the operator
5.9.1.2 The overhead guard shall be constructed in such a manner that it can be provided with an
additional fitting making it possible in special cases to increase the protection of the operator against small
falling objects.
5.9.1.3 Trucks shall be constructed in such a manner that they can be provided with an overhead guard
complying with Annex F to provide increased protection for the operator when handling such items as paper
reels or packaged timber.
Trucks shall be equipped with an audible warning device so that the operator can warn persons who are
within or approaching a dangerous area.
5.9.3 Load backrest
Trucks fitted with fork arms with a lift height of more than I 800 mm shall be designed so that they may be
fitted with a load backrest.
5.1O VisibilitylLighting
5.10.1 The operator shall have sufficient visibility so that all travel and manoeuvres can be carried out
safely. If direct visibility is limited, aids shall be used to provide adequate visibility such as mirrors, cameras,
monitors, audible and visual alarms, devices sensing persons and/or objects, raised or rotatable seat etc.
Requirements for visibility shall be in accordance with prEN I S 0 13564.
5.10.2 Trucks shall be so designed that it is possible for the manufacturer or any other qualified person
referring to the manufacturers instructions to equip them with an electrical circuit whereby travel lights,
working lights and signal lights can be installed.
5.1I Environmental conditions
5.1 1.I Operators cab

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5.11.1.1 If a cab is fitted in lieu of an overhead guard on an industrial truck, it shall comply with 5.9.1.
5.1 1.I.2 The material of the cab and fixing devices shall be fire resistant, with a maximum burning speed
of 250 mm/min when the standard test piece is tested in accordance with I S 0 3795.
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5.11.1.3 If a totally enclosed cab is fitted, provision shall be made for efficient ventilation. Heating andlor
air conditioning may be required dependent on the climate and environmental conditions in which the truck is
to be used.
NOTE Due to the fact that trucks are used in a wide range of temperature and environmental conditions it is not
possible to give precise technical requirements in this standard.
5.11.1.4 If a totally enclosed cab is fitted with a heaterldemister the air intake shall be connected to a
fresh air inlet, partial recycling of the air up to 50 % is permissible. The heater shall be securely fixed. The
heater shall be so designed that the requirements of 5.7.5 can be met. Demistldefrost capability shall be
provided for the windscreen and rear window.
5.11.1.5 The front and rear windows of the cab shall be fitted with wipers so that the operator has an
adequate view of the road. If glass is used in the window apertures it shall be toughened or laminated safety
glass.
5.11.1.6 The cab shall have at least one door complying with the requirements of IS0 2867, plus an
emergency exit, which may be a window complying with I S 0 2867, allowing escape in another direction.
5.1 1.1.7 Provision shall be made for the storage of the instruction handbook, which does not obstruct the
operators normal operation.
5.1 1.1.8 Positions for additional operator@)shall comply with 5.1 1.I
.ito 5.1 1.1.6.
5.11.2 Noise emission
The value of noise emission shall be measured by the test method given in prEN 12053. The values shall be
either the actual figure or a figure calculated from measurements performed on identical trucks. The
A weighted emission sound pressure level and if necessary the sound power level emitted by the truck shall
be measured. The results shall be recorded.
5.11.3 Vibration
Whole body vibration shall be measured by the test method given in prEN 13059.
The value of the vibration transmitted to the operator and the method of measurement shall be included in
the instruction handbook. The figures given shall be either the actual figure or a figure calculated from
measurements on identical trucks.
5.1 1.4 Operation in potentially explosive atmospheres
Trucks operating in potentially explosive atmospheres shall comply with prEN 1755.
5.1 I.5 Transport
5.11.5.1 If the manufacturer specifies in the instruction handbook that a truck may be lifted without
disassembling, locations for slinging points shall be provided.
5.1 1S.2 Lifting points for the removal and transportation of individual assemblies of the truck, if required,
shall be indicated on the assembly or in the operating instructions.
5.1 1S . 3 Locations for the slinging of removable attachments shall be provided as stated in the instruction
handbook.
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6 Verification of safety requirements and/or measures
6.1 GeneraJ
The manufacturer shall have verification that the requirements of section 5 have been met. Compliance with
this requirement may be verified by other means giving equivalent results.
The verifications shall be as follows:
- Visually e.g. no permanent deformation after structural verification, verification of the marking of the
truck.
- By measures e.g. tests of lowering speed, lift and tilt leakage.
- By design e.g. verification of drawings and documents.
- Further tests e.g. as described in 6.2 and 6.3.
6.2.1 General
These tests are to be performed on a sample which is representative of production.
6.2.2 Structural test
The structural components of the truck and its attachments shall carry static loads of 1,33 QI and 1,33 Q2 for
15 minutes.
- QI is the rated capacity at the standard lift height and the standard load centre distance in accordance
with the information on the capacity plate.
- Q2 is the actual capacity at the maximum lift height in accordance with the information on the capacity
plate.
The truck shall be on substantially level ground with the mast in the substantially vertical position and may be
anchored to prevent tip over.
The loads may be applied at the corresponding height by means independent of the truck.
The test shall not result in any visual permanent deformation or damage.
6.3 Functional verification
6.3.1 General
The functional tests given in 6.3.3 and 6.3.4 shall be carried out on each truck to verify that it is able to
perform the tasks for which it was designed.
6.3.2 Inspection before tests
6.3.2.1 Each truck shall be inspected to make sure that the travelling, braking, steering, load handling
controls and combined functions, if any, are appropriately identified and operate correctly. The correct
operation of warning devices, safety devices and lighting, if any, shall also be checked.
6.3.2.2 The information plates for the truck, battery (for battery powered trucks) and attachment, if any,
shall be inspected to make sure that they contain the relevant information in accordance with 7.3.
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6.3.3 Dynamic tests
6.3.3.1 General
During the performance of the tests the truck shall be operated by a competent person in accordance with
the manufacturers instructions (see 7.2).
Tests shall either be performed by operating the truck in the manner prescribed below or, where practicable,
be simulated by any method giving an equivalent effect and producing substantially the same result.
6.3.3.2 Travelling and manoeuvring test
This test shall be carried out with load QI as follows:
Pick up the test load into the travel position as recommended by the manufacturer e.g.
- The load raised 300 mm from the ground and the mast fully tilted back.
- The bottom of the freight container no higher than 1 O00 mm above the point of maximum
depression of the seat cushion under the operator and the mast fully tilted back.
- The load on a plaiform of a side loading truck.
Drive the truck forward at low speed, change to reverse, and change to forward again to verify that the
direction change mechanism operates effectively. Reversal of direction changes shall be made at the
speeds recommended by the manufacturer.
Drive the truck forward and backward through all speed ranges to the maximum speed and check that
range changing and service brakes operate in both directions.
Make several turns in both forward and reverse directions at approximately one third maximum speed
and approximately three times the minimum outside turning radius specified by the manufacturer. Check
the function and direction of the steering.
Deposit the load on the ground.
6.3.3.3 Stacking test
This test shall be carried out with load Q2.
Pick up the test load from ground level and elevate it to maximum height. Lower to ground level at maximum
speed, making several stops during descent, and deposit the load on the ground.
6.3.3.4 Maximum lowering speed test
With the mast vertical, the maximum lowering speed shall be measured with load Q2 to verify that it does not
exceed 0,6 m/s. This may be determined by dividing the total lowering distance in metres by the number of
seconds required for the total descent.
6.3.4 Hydraulic lift and tilt leakage test
The permissible lowering shall be tested in accordance with 5.6.3.1 and the permissible tilting in accordance
with 5.6.3.4.
6.3.5 Inspection after tests
Following the tests in 6.3.3 and 6.3.4 the truck shall be examined visually to ensure that there are no defects.
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EN 1551:2000
7 Information for use
7.1 Residual hazards

The requirements of clause 5 are suitable to minimize the risk from the truck. If residual hazards are
identified, particular information shall be given in the instruction handbook.
7.2 Instruction handbook
Each truck and removable attachment shall be supplied to the user with an instruction manual covering
operating and regular servicing, printed in the language(s) of the country where the truck is to be used.
By way of derogation, the workshop manual and parts manual for use by specialized personnel employed by
the manufacturer or his authorized representative do not need to be supplied with each truck and may be
printed in only one of the languages, understood by those personnel.
These manuals shall include, if applicable, at least the following information:
Name and address of the manufacturer or the authorized representative.
Designation of type e.g. counterbalanced, side loader.
Description of the truck and its accessories.
Attachments which are fitted to the truck and their assembly precautions.
Details of use of the load backrest.
Details for the installation of a fire extinguisher, if required by the application of the truck.
Admissible wheel rims and tyres with inflation pressures for pneumatic tyres.
Description of the safety devices and warning labels.
Details of the noise and vibration generated by the truck. (The noise and vibration declarations shall be
made in accordance with prEN 12053 and prEN13059 respectively).
Overall dimensions, load capacity and performance details of the truck.
- Intended and prohibited uses of the truck and attachments, including those relating to hazardous
atmospheres and overhead guards when handling very small or large heavy objects.
- Training required by the operator.
- Function of operating controls and displays.
- Daily checks before putting the truck into operation.
- Instructions for adjustment of the operators seat.
- Instructions for operation with/without a cab, with/without doors.
- Instructions for access and egress.
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EN 1551:2000
De-energizing of stored energy components.
Instructions for safe handling by the operator e.g. when changing attachment, moving fork arms.
Influence of tyres and floor conditions on noise emission.
Requirements of the floor where the truck is to be used.
The use of additional aids when the operators direct visibility is limited.
Instructions for starting, driving and stopping the truck.
Instructions for handling loads, warning about the hazards due to the action of wind forces.
Instructions when operating on a gradient.
Instructions for towing the truck.
Instructions for parking the truck.
Warning of residual risks during the use of the truck and its attachments.
Climatic conditions in which the truck is designed to operate.
7.2.3 Details for battery powered trucks
- Specification of approved batteries and battery chargers.
- Service mass of battery including ballast when required.
- Procedure for safe handling of batteries, including installation, removal and secure mounting on the
truck.
- Warning of risks of accumulation of hydrogen under covers.
7.2.4 Details for internal combustion engine powered trucks
- Approved fuels.
- Procedure for safe handling of fuels.
- Procedure for refuelling.
- Warning of the effect of exhaust emissions in confined spaces.
- Warning of the effect of exhaust emissions for the operator.
7.2.5 Service and maintenance of the truck
- Training and qualifications for service and maintenance staff.
- Safe procedure for the identification, detection and correction of faults.
- Type and frequency of inspections and maintenance operations with particular attention to the
replacement and durability of wearing parts and to the users logbook.
- Inspection for exhaust emission.
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EN 1551:2000
- Instructions for verification of marking.
- Instructions for decompression of stored energy components.
- Access to maintenance at high levels.
- Servicing operations for which no special skills are required.
- Use of approved spare parts.
- Drawing and diagrams necessary for truck servicing and maintenance.
- Instructions for disposing of waste material e.g. oils and batteries.
7.2.6 Transportation, commissioning and storage
- Mass and overall dimensions of the truck and dismantled parts.
- Procedures for transporting including loading and unloading.
- Procedure for truck reassembly and mounting of attachments.
- Functional tests on completion of commissioning.
- Procedure for retrieval of defective trucks.
- Procedure for prolonged shut down and storage of trucks.
7.3 Minimum marking
7.3.1 Information plates
7.3.1.1 Trucks
Trucks shall be marked legibly and indelibly (e.g. weather proof, profiled letters) with the following minimum
details:
- Name and address of the manufacturer or authorized representative.
- Designation of the series or type.
- Serial number and the year of manufacture.
- Unladen mass of the truck in working order without removable attachments and battery for battery
powered trucks, but with fork arms or integral attachments. The mass may vary from the figure shown by
up to I5 % or 1 O00 kg whichever is the lower.
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- Rated capacity.
- Actual capacity at maximum lift height with load centre distance.
- Actual capacities at other lift heights and load centre distances if applicable.
- Actual capacity with each removable attachment fitted at the manufacturers authorized lift height@)and
load centre(s).
- On battery powered trucks, the authorized maximum and minimum battery mass and the system
voltage.
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EN 1551:2000
- The nominal power in Kw.
The actual capacities shall be easily readable by the operator in the normal operating position.
7.3.1.2 Removable attachments
Removable attachments shall be marked legibly and indelibly (e.g. weather proof, profiled letters) with the
following minimum details:
Name of the attachment manufacturer or authorized representative.
Model or type.
Serial number and year of manufacture.
Mass of attachment, which may vary from the figure shown by up to f5 % or 200 kg whichever is the
lower.
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Distance of the centre of gravity of the attachment from its mounting face on the truck.
Rated load capacity.
In the case of hydraulically or pneumatically operated attachments, the maximum operating pressure
recommended by the attachment manufacturer.
The warning "The capacity of the truck and attachment combination shall be complied with".
7.3.1.3 Marking
Controls shall be legibly and indelibly marked (e.g. weather proof, profiled letters) with graphic symbols
indicating the function@). Each symbol shall be affixed on or in close proximity to the control to which it
applies. Control symbols shall comply with IS0 3287 where available.
7.3.2 Information plate for trucks operating in special conditions
If a truck is designed to operate in special conditions (see 1.5 and 5.8),it shall be legibly and indelibly
marked (e.g. weather proof, profiled letters) with the designation of the special conditions of use including
capacity if different from the actual capacities.
7.3.3 Other information
7.3.3.1 Marking for slinging of trucks
Locations for slinging shall be clearly indicated on the truck.
7.3.3.2 Pneumatic tyre inflation pressure
The specified inflation pressures shall be clearly indicated on the truck.
7.3.3.3 Filling points
Filling points for fuel and hydraulic oil shall be clearly indicated on the truck in accordance with I S 0 3287
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EN 1551:2000
Symbols giving warning of residual hazards in accordance with ISO/FDIS 15870 shall be affixed to the truck
or attachments on or in close proximity to the hazard concerned.
7.3.4 Languages
If any of the information in 7.3.1 to 7.3.3 is in words, it shall be written in the language(s) of the country
where the truck is to be used.
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STDmBSI BS EN L551-ENGL 2000 0 1624669 08b2327 4 T 2 E
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EN 1551:2000
Annex A
(normative)
-
Single side loading fork lift trucks Stability tests
A.1 Scope
This annex specifies the basic verification of stability of single side loading fork lift trucks with tiltable or non
tiltable mast or fork arms. It is applicable to trucks fitted with fork arms and/or attachments, but does not
apply to trucks when adapted for use as mobile cranes.
A.2 Conditions of validity

The following stability tests in this annex ensure that the type of truck specified has satisfactory stability when
--````,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
used under normal operating conditions, namely:
a) Operating (travelling and stacking) on substantially firm, smooth, level and prepared surfaces.
b) Travelling with mast or fork arms etc. tilted backwards and the load retracted and in the lowered
(travelling) position or resting on the load carrying deck, including up or down modest gradients.
c) Stacking with the mast substantially vertical and the fork arms substantially horizontal.
d) Operating with the load centre of gravity approximately on the centre plane between the mast uprights.
When operating conditions differ from normal reference shall be made to other appropriate standards (e.g.
IS0 5767, Annex D).
A.3 Conditions of test
A.3.1 Equipment and method
The stability of these trucks shall be verified by means of one of the procedures described below.
A.3.1 .I Tilting platform
A test platform which can be tilted about one side shall be used. A truck being tested for stability is placed on
the initially horizontal test platform, in the conditions specified in A.3.2, A.3.3 and A.3.4, and successively in
each of the positions described in Table A.1.
In each of these tests, the test platform shall be tilted slowly to the slope indicated in Table A.I. The truck is
considered stable if it passes all the tests without overturning.
For the purpose of these tests, overturning is defined as the test platform slope which, if increased, would
cause overturning of the truck.
It is permissible in the lateral tests for one of the load wheels to lose contact with the test platform and it is
acceptable for parts of the structure or other designed features to make contact with the test plaiform.
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EN 1551:2000
A.3.1.2 Fixed slope
Fixed slopes with inclinations equivalent to the prescribed test slope shall be used. The slope surface shall
be smooth and capable of supporting the truck mass with no deformation likely to affect the test results.
The truck under test shall be driven onto the fixed slopes with the mast lowered and positioned according to
table A.l. For each of the laden truck positions, the load shall be elevated slowly and smoothly to the height
indicated in table A. 1.
A.3.1.3 Calculation
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Compliance with the specified stability values may be determined by calculation methods verified by
empirical data.
Such calculated values shall take into account manufacturing variations and deflections of mast, tyres etc.
A.3.2 Conditions of the truck
A.3.2.1 General
The tests shall be carried out with the truck ready for use without operator (fuel tanks of engined trucks shall
be full if stability is thereby reduced; all other tanks shall be filled to their correct operating levels). The load
carrying means shall be fully equipped with any protective or supplementary lifting apparatus supplied as
original equipment, and the mast or fork arms, if adjustable for tilt, shall be positioned in accordance with
Table A.1. Where applicable, tyres shall be inflated to the pressure specified by the manufacturer, where tyre
ballast is permitted is shall be used in accordance with the manufacturers instructions.
A.3.2.2 Verification of the vertical position of the mast
Before starting the first test, the vertical position of the mast shall be verified by means of a plumb line or
other suitable equipment.
Projection onto the horizontal plaíform of the centre of gravity G (or any other point having a fixed
relationship to G) shall, at the selected test height, be the same as with the load lowered to the normal
travelling height. Deviations caused by deflection shall be corrected by varying the tilt of the mast or fork
arms within the limits imposed by the design of the truck.
This procedure does not apply to trucks where the design does not allow such corrections.
A.3.2.3 Lift height for tests simulating travelling
For tests simulating travelling, the upper face of the load platform or fork arms at the heels shall be
positioned 300 mm from the ground or at the minimum height for transporting the load, whichever is the
greater.
A.3.2.4 Lift height for tests simulating stacking
For tests simulating stacking the lift height shall be measured between the surface of the tilting platform and
the upper surface of the fork arm blade near the inside heel.
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EN 1551:2000
A.3.3 Effect of the operators weight on stability
The operator shall be represented by a weight (mass) of 90 kg if the stability during the test is thereby
decreased. The weight (mass) shall be secured with its centre of gravity 250 mm above the operators seat in
a compressed condition. Where the operators position can be moved relative to the truck, it shall be located
for each test in the position that minimizes the trucks stability.
A.3.4 Location of the truck on the test platíorm
The specified position of the truck on the test platform shall be maintained during the test.
Wheel rotation shall be prevented by application of the parking brake or service brakes, which may be
secured in the 'on' position. Additionally, the wheels may be wedged against the truck frame but in such a
way that any axle/frame articulation is not affected.
It is permissible to use chocks or blocks between the wheels and the test platform to prevent the truck sliding
out of position. The height of the chocks or blocks shall not exceed 0,l ú, where d = the outside diameter of
the wheel, and shall not artificially improve stability.
A.3.5 Test load (see Figure A.1)
The test load shall be a weight (mass) equivalent to the rated load Q acting through a centre of gravity G,
nominally positioned at the standard load centre distance D, horizontally from the front face of the fork arm
shank and vertically from the upper face of the fork arm blade.
The centre of gravity G (or the equivalent in the case of unladen trucks) shall be on the centre plane between
the mast uprights.
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Figure A.l
For trucks having a lift height greater than the standardized lift height, the test load weight (mass) shall be
adjusted, where appropriate, to the actual capacity corresponding to the lift height used in the test.
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EN 1551:2000
A.3.6 Safety precautions
Precautions shall be taken to prevent the overturning of the truck or displacement of the test load during the
course of the test. If the means of preventing the total overturning of the truck consist of rope lashing or
chain, this shall be sufficiently slack to impose no appreciable restriction on the truck until the overturning
point is reached.
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Displacement of the test load shall be prevented by means such as:
a) Firmly securing the test load to the load carrier or equivalent structure.
b) Suspending the test load near the ground from an appropriate support placed on the fork arms so that
the suspension point is at the point where the centre of gravity, G, of the test load would be if the test
load were to be placed on the fork arms.
A.4 Test procedure

The truck shall be positioned in accordance with Table A.1.
When the truck rating is related to the use of stabilizers, suspension locks etc. such devices shall be used
during tests. If, however, the truck may also be used without engagement of them, an additional test shall be
carried out in this condition.
A S Test for trucks fitted with attachments

Trucks fitted with attachments shall be subjected to the foregoing stability tests.
The test load shall be the actual capacity at the load centre distance specified for the attachment when used
on the truck being tested.
The lift heights required in the tests shall be measured between the surface of the tilting platform and the
underside of the load in its approved handling position or the underside of the load engaging means,
whichever is the smaller.
O BSI 07-2000

STD.BS1 B S EN 1551-ENGL 2000 I
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Page 43
EN 1551:2000
Annex B
(n ormative)
-
Rough terrain trucks with masts Stability tests
B.l Scope
This annex specifies the basic verification of the stability of rough terrain trucks with rated capacity exceeding
10 O00 kg, with tiltable or non tiltable mast or fork arms andlor attachments, but does not apply to trucks
when adapted for use with suspended loads which may swing freely.
B.2 Conditions of validity

These requirements apply to trucks that have a fixed or articulated chassis construction and which may have
optional equipment for the lateral slope correction of the chassis, mast or fork carrier.
a) Operating (travelling and stacking) on non prepared ground.
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b) Travelling with mast or fork arms etc. tilted backwards and the load in the lowered (travelling) position,
including up and down gradients.
d) Operating with the load centre of gravity approximately on the centre plane of the truck.
When operating conditions differ from normal, reference shall be made to other appropriate standards (e.9.
IS0 5767, IS0 10658, Annex D).
8.3 Conditions of test
B.3.1 Equipment and method

6.3.1.1 Tilting platform
the initially horizontal test platform, in the conditions specified in 8.3.2, B.3.3 and 8.3.4, and successively in
each of the positions described in Table B.l.
In each of these tests, the test platform shall be tilted slowly to the slope indicated in Table 6.1. The truck is
It is permissible in the lateral tests for one of the load wheels to lose contact with the test platform.
Q BSI 07-2000
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EN 1551:2000
8.3.1.2 Fixed slope
Fixed slope with inclinations equivalent to the prescribed test slope shall be used. The slope surface shall be
smooth and capable of supporting the truck mass with no deformation likely to affect the test results.
Table B.1. For each of the laden truck positions, the load shall be elevated slowly and smoothly to the height
indicated in Table B.1.
8.3.1.3 Calculation
empirical data.
B.3.2 Conditions of the truck
8.3.2.1 General
Table B.l. Where applicable, tyres shall be inflated to the pressure specified by the manufacturer, where tyre
ballast is permitted it shall be used in accordance with the manufacturers instructions.
B.3.2.2 Verification of the vertical position of the mast
Projection onto the horizontal platform of the centre of gravity G (or any other point having a fixed
8.3.2.3 Lift height for tests simulating travelling
positioned 500 mm from the ground.
B.3.2.4 Lift height for tests simulating stacking
B.3.3 Effect of the operators weight on stability

a compressed condition.
O BSI 07-2000
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Page 45
EN 1551:2000
B.3.4 Location of the truck on the test platform
The specified position of the truck on the test platform shall be maintained during the test
out of position. The height of the chocks or blocks shall not exceed O,ld, where d = the outside diameter of
B.3.5 Test load (see Figure B I )
the mast uprights, except where a lateral slope correction device is used on test B3.
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B.3.6 Safety precautions
point is reached.
load were to be placed on the fork arms.
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EN 1551:2000
B.4 Test procedure

The truck shall be positioned in accordance with Table B1.
Tests shall be conducted with the stabilizers disengaged.
For test B.3, lateral slope correction may be used to bring the lifting mechanism as close to vertical as
possible on the tilted plaiform. For other tests, the lifting mechanism shall be perpendicular to the test
plaiform.
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B.5 Tests for trucks fitted with attachments
Trucks fitted with attachments shall be subjected to the foregoing stability tests, except where the attachment
can bring the centre of gravity of the load out of the longitudinal centre plane of the truck.
The lifi heights required in the tests shall be measured between the surface of the tilting platform and the
(o BSI 07-2000

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STD-BSI BS E N 1551-ENGL 2000 M 1 6 2 4 h b î 0862337 341 W
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Page 48
EN 1551:2000
Annex C
(normative)
-
Bi-directional and multi-directional trucks Stability tests
(2.1 Scope
This annex specifies the basic verification of the stability of bi-directional and multi directional trucks with
rated capacity exceeding 10 O00 kg, with tiltable or non tiltable mast or fork arms. It is applicable to trucks
fitted with fork arms and/or attachments, but does not apply to trucks when adapted for use with suspended
loads which may swing freely.
C.2 Conditions of validity

a) Operating (travelling and stacking) on substantially firm, smooth, level and prepared surfaces.
b) Travelling with mast or fork arms etc. tilted backwards and the load in the lowered (travelling) position.
d) Operating with the load centre of gravity approximately on the centre plane of the truck.
When operating conditions differ from normal, reference shall be made to other appropriate standards (e.g.
IS0 5767, Annex D).
C.3 Conditions of test
C.3.1 Equipment and method
C.3.1.1 Tilting platform
the initially horizontal test platform, in the conditions specified in C.3.2, C.3.3 and C.3.4, and successively in
each of the positions described in Table C.1.
In each of these tests, the test platform shall be tilted slowly to the slope indicated in Table C.1. The truck is
acceptable for parts of the structure or other designed features to make contact with the test platform.
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Page 49
EN 1551:2000
C.3.1.2 Fixed slope
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Table C.I. For each of the laden truck positions, the load shall be elevated slowly and smoothly to the height
indicated in Table C.1.
C.3.1.3 Calculation
empirical data.
Such calculated values shall take into account manufacturingvariations and deflections of mast, tyres etc.
C.3.2 Conditions of the truck
C.3.2.1 General
Table C.1. Where applicable, tyres shall be inflated to the pressure specified by the manufacturer, where tyre
C.3.2.2 Verification of the vertical position of the mast
C.3.2.3 Lift height for tests simulating travelling
positioned 300 mm from the ground or at the minimum height for transporting the load, whichever is the
greater.
C.3.2.4 Lift height for tests simulating stacking
C.3.3 Effect of the operators weight on stability

a compressed condition. Where the operator position can be moved relative to the truck it shall be located for
each test in the position that minimizes the trucks stability.
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EN 1551:2000
C.3.3.1 Location of the truck on the test platform
The specified position of the truck on the test platíorm shall be maintained during the test.
secured in the ‘on’ position. Additionally, the wheels may be wedged against the truck frame but in such a
way that any axle/frame articulation is not affected. However, as a safety measure when testing longitudinally
with the articulating axle parallel and nearer to the tilt axis of the platform, the articulation of the axle may be
locked/blocked.
out of position. The height of the chocks or blocks shall not exceed 0.1 d, where d = the outside diameter of
C.3.4 Test load (see Figure Cl)
The test load shall be a weight (mass) equivalent to the rated load Q acting through the centre of gravity G,
nominally positioned at the standard load centre distance û, horizontally from the front face of the fork arm
the mast uprights.
\
E Inside heel of fork arm
Figure C.1
C.3.5 Safety precautions
point is reached.
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STD.BS1 BS EN 1553-ENGL 2000 W 1 b 2 4 b b î OBb2341 872
Page 51
EN 1551:2000
load where to be placed on the fork arms.
C.4 Test procedure

The truck shall be positioned in accordance with Table C.1.
Lateral tests shall be conducted to the side to which the truck is least stable with a line through points MN of
the truck parallel to the tilting axis XY of the platform.
The truck wheel positions and general truck configurations in the figures are representative only and other
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arrangements are permissible provided the general principles relating to the test position are maintained.
C.5 Tests for trucks fitted with attachments

Trucks fitted with attachments shall be subjected to the foregoing stability tests, except where the attachment
can bring the centre of gravity of the load out of the longitudinal centre plane of the truck (see IS0 10658).
Q BSI 07-2000
STD-BSI B S EN 1551-ENGL 2000 IL h 2 4 h L î 0862342 709
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STD-BSI BS EN 1551-ENGL 2000 I1b24bbS û ö b 2 3 4 7 290 m
Page 57
EN 1551:2000
Annex D
(normative)
Trucks operated with offset load (offset determined by utilization) additional stability
test
D.1 Scope
Other annexesktandards specify the verification of stability under normal operating conditions. The definition
of "normal operating conditions" is contained in each relevant standard.
This annex specifies the additional test for trucks with rated capacity exceeding 10 O00 kg, excluding side
loaders, when operating conditions are not normal and it is necessary to operate a laden truck with the load
centre of gravity substantially offset from the longitudinal centre plane of the truck (see Figure D.l). It does
not apply to trucks when handling suspended loads which may swing freely.
Figure D.1
D.2 Conditions of validity

When a truck is to be used for stacking (depositing or retrieving a load) on level ground with the load centre
of gravity substantially offset from the longitudinal centre plane of the truck by an indeterminate amount
caused either by the nature of the load being handled, or by the load handling device, a special purpose
capacity rating shall be determined.
A substantial offset is considered to be more than 250 mm for a truck with a rated capacity over 10 O00 kg up
to and including 20 O00 kg and more than 350 mm for a truck with a rated capacity over 20 O00 kg.
The following stability test in this standard ensures that the type of truck specified has satisfactory stability
when used within the special rating and conditions.
--````,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
D.3 Conditions of test
D.3.1 Equipment and method
O BSI 07-2000
STD-BSI BS EN L55L-ENGL 2000 L b 2 4 b b 7 0 8 b 2 3 4 8 127
Page 58
EN 1551:2000
D.3.1 .I Tilting platform
the initially horizontal test platform, in the conditions specified in D.3.2, D.3.3 and D.3.4, and in the positions
described in D.4.
For the purpose of these tests, overturning is defined as the test plaiform slope which, if increased, would
D.3.1.2 Fixed slope
--````,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
D.4. The load shall be elevated slowly and smoothly to the height and offset indicated in D.4.
D.3.1.3 Calculation
empirical data.
D.3.2 Conditions of the truck
D.4. Where applicable, tyres shall be inflated to the pressure specified by the manufacturer, where tyre
D.3.3 Effect on the operators weight on stability
a compressed condition.
D.3.4 Location of the truck on the test platform
8 BSI 07-2000

~
~
STD.BS1 BS EN LCSL-ENGL 2000 II L b 2 4 b b 9 0862347 Ob3 I
Page 59
EN 1551:2000
D.3.5 Test load (see Figure D.2)
The centre of gravity G shall be offset laterally by the maximum amount that it is anticipated will be
encountered in actual operation.
D
F
I
I
I
I I?
E Inside heel of fork arm
t
Q
Figure D.2
If the manufacturer has detailed other possibilities on the capacity plate, it is also necessary to carry out a
test with the maximum load at its corresponding height and a test at the maximum height with its
corresponding load.
D.3.6 Safety precautions
point is reached.
load where to be placed on the fork arms.
O BSI 07-2000 --````,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

STD.BSI BS EN LSSL-ENGL 2000 E 3624669 0862350 885 m
Page 60
EN 1551:2000
D.4 Test procedure

The truck shall be positioned on the platform as follows:
- as for test 3 of IS0 1074 for counterbalanced trucks;
- as for test 3 of Annex B for rough terrain trucks;
- as for test 8 of Annex C for bi-directional and multi-directional trucks.
The test shall be conducted to the side to which the truck is the least stable.
The mast shall be retracted and tilted fully rearward where the design permits.
The load shall be displaced laterally and the maximum amount that it is anticipated will be encountered in
actual operation (see D.3.5) and shall be raised to the maximum elevation.
--````,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
D.5 Tests for trucks fitted with attachments
Trucks fitted with attachments shall be subjected to the foregoing stability tests, where appropriate.
The test loads and their positioning shall be the special loads specified on the capacity plates of the truck
equipped with the attachment concerned when used under the special conditions in accordance with the
manufacturers instructions.
0 BSI 07-2000

S T D - B S I B S EN L55L-ENGL 2000 m L b 2 4 6 b î 0862351 711
Page 61
EN 1551:2000
Annex E
(normative)
Side loading trucks handling freight containers of 6 rn length and above additional
stability tests
E.l Scope
This annex specifies additional verification of the stability for side loading trucks when handling freight
containers of 6 m length and above.
--````,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
This annex specifies tests in addition to those specified in Annex A - Single side loading fork lift trucks
Stability tests.
E.2 Condition of validity

The stability tests contained in this annex ensure that side loading trucks handling freight containers have
satisfactory stability when operating the truck stacking in conditions where wind speed is up to 12.2 m/s
(Beaufort Scale Force 6).
The manufacturer may provide alternative ratings for use in higher wind speeds by use of higher values for
'V' in the equation in E.3.5.3.
This standard does not apply to trucks when:
a) Handling suspended loads which may swing freely.
b) Handling a container which has a mobile centre of gravity (see IS0 3874).
E.3 Conditions of test
E.3.1 Equipment and method
E.3.1.1 Tilting platform
the initially horizontal test platform, in the conditions specified in E.3.2, E.3.3 and E.3.4, and successively in
each of the positions described in Table E.1.
In each of these tests, overturning is defined as the test platform slope which, if increased, would cause
overturning of the truck.
O BSI 07-2000
STDmBSI BS EN L551-ENGL 2000 3b24bb9 0862352 658
Page 62
EN 1551:2000
E.3.1.2 Fixed slope
Table E.1. For each of the laden truck positions, the load shall be elevated slowly and smoothly to the height
and offset indicated in Table E. 1.
E.3.1.3 Calculation
empirical data.
--````,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
E.3.1.4 Test conditions
Prevailing winds shall not have a significant effect on the test results.
E.3.2 Conditions of the truck
E.3.2.1 General
carrying means shall be fully equipped with any protective or supplementary lifting apparatus included in the
rating. The mast or fork arms, if adjustable for tilt, shall be positioned in accordance with Table E.l. Where
applicable, tyres shall be inflated to the pressure specified by the manufacturer, where tyre ballast is
permitted it shall be used in accordance with the manufacturers instructions.
E.3.2.2 Verification of the vertical position of the mast
Before starting test E.1, the vertical position of the mast shall be verified by means of a plumb line or other
suitable equipment.
relationship to G) shall, at the selected test height, be the same as the load lowered to the normal travelling
height. Deviations caused by deflection shall be corrected by varying the tilt of the mast or fork arms within
the limits imposed by the design of the truck.
E.3.3 Effect of the operators weight on stability
a compressed condition. Where the operators position can be moved relative to the truck, it shall be located
for each test in the position that minimizes the trucks stability.
Q BSI 07-2000

STD-BSI BS EN 1551-ENGL 2000 I1624hh9 0862353 594 I
Page 63
EN 1551:2000
E.3.4 Location of the truck on the test platform

secured in the ‘on’ position. Additionally, the wheels may be wedged against the truck frame but in such a
E.3.5 Test load
E.3.5.1 General
--````,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
The test load shall consist of a basic load corresponding to the weight of the freight container, and a load or
force simulating the effect of wind on the container.
Figure E.l Figure E.2
E.3.5.2 Basic load
The basic load shall be equivalent to an I S 0 2590 mm high container in either the laden or unladen condition
with its centre of gravity G acting at its centroid (see Figures E.l and E.2).
When using fork arms the basic test load shall be positioned using the container fork pockets with one side
of the load touching the front face of the fork shank (see Figure E.l).
When using other handling means such as a top lift or side lift spreader, the position of the centre of gravity
G shall be determined by the connection points to the test load, e.g. twist locks into the corner fittings (see
Figure E.2).
Where the handling means has positional adjustment capability lateral to the truck centre line, the lateral
adjustment shall be at its mid point.
Where the handling means has positional adjustment capability in the direction of the truck longitudinal
centre line, other than mast tilt, the tests shall be carried out at both extremes of adjustment.
The weight (mass) of the basic test load shall be equivalent to the rated load Q specified by the truck
manufacturer. This takes into account the normal degree of eccentric loading of laden containers as defined
in I S 0 3874.
When handling empty refrigerated containers with integral refrigeration unit (reefers) account shall also be
taken of the offset load.
Q BSI 07-2000
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STD-BSI BS EN L55L-ENGL 2000 IL b 2 4 b b 9 08b2354 420

Page 64
EN 1551:2000
E.3.5.3 Wind force
For the test, the critical wind force acting on the freight container is calculated by the following formula:
F = k h L 2 C fi
Where:
F = wind force [NI
Ns2
k = 0.613 [?] (Constant for wind pressure, where Ns = Newton seconds and m = metres)
m
h = Freight container height 2.59 [m]
L = Freight container length [m]
v = Wind speed 12,2 [mk] (Beaufort Scale 6)
C fl = Shape coefficient 1.3
NOTE Reference sources, e.g. crane and building standards confirm that a value of 1.3 for C fl is appropriate for a
wind acting normal to the longitudinal axis of freight containers.
The effect of this force can be simulated in the tests by one of the following methods:
--````,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
1) Applying this force in the direction of overturning, acting horizontally through the centre of
gravity of the test load.
or:
2) Applying a vertical load, in addition to the test load, giving an equivalent moment to the wind
force acting when the slope is at the required tilt angle as specified in Table E.1.
E.3.6 Safety precautions
point is reached.
Displacement by the test load shall be prevented by means such as:
b) Suspending the test load near the ground from an appropriate support placed on the fork arms so
that the suspension point is at the point where the centre of gravity, G, of the test load would be if the
test load were to be placed on the fork arms.
8 BSI 07-2000

STD-BSI BS EN 1551-ENGL 2000 .
II Zb24bb9 OBb2355 3b7
Page 65
EN 1551:2000
E.4 Test procedure

The truck shall be positioned in accordance with Table E.1.
Points M and N are the centre points of the area of contact between the platform surface and the load
wheels nearest to the tilting axis XY.
Outrigger wheels are not classed as load wheels for this purpose.
Axis MN must be parallel to tilting axis XY.
When the truck rating is related to the use of stabilizers, these devices shall be used during test E.1. If the
truck may also be used without engagement of them, an additional test shall be carried out in this condition.
ES Schedule of tests
For all trucks, additional stability tests shall be made based on the standard wind speed specified in E.2 or
higher wind speed in accordance with E.2 if the manufacturer is providing alternative ratings.
E.6 Marking
The additional capacity as determined by these stability tests shall be marked on the truck capacity plates
specified in 7.3.1.I.
The marking shall specify the container handling attachment used for the tests and whether the truck rating
is related to the use of stabilizers.
The wind speed used for the calculations in E.3.5.3 shall be indicated.
--````,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
O BSI 07-2000
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STD.BS1 BS EN 1551-ENGL 2000 W L b 2 Y b b î 0862356 2T3 II
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STD.BS1 B S EN 1551-ENGL 2000 1111 L b 2 4 6 6 7 08b2357 1 3 T

Page 67
EN 1551:2000
Annex F
(normative)
Overhead guard Impact drop test -
F.l Scope
Other standards specify the basic requirements and testing for overhead guards on high lift rider trucks with
a lift height exceeding 1 800 mm.
This annex specifies additional tests for trucks to be used when handling large loads, particularly when block
stacked (e.g. paper reels, packaged timber).
F.2 Conditions of test

The test shall be carried out on a guard fitted to a truck of the type and rated capacity for which it has been
designed or on a test chassis with similar mounting.
F.2.1 Test load

The test load shall be composed of 50 mm x 100 mm nominal normal construction grade timber 3 600 mm
long and not exceeding 1 O00 mm in width. The 50 mm x 100 mm lengths shall be placed with the 100 mm
nominal dimension of the cross section horizontal. The timber shall be bound together with at least three
metal bands, one approximately in the centre and the others not further than 900 mm from each end (see
Figure F.l).
The test load shall have a minimum weight of 1 360 kg.
A test load of different dimensions andlor materials may be used, provided it results in a test not less severe
than that described.
F.2.2 Test procedure
F.2.2.1 The test load shall be dropped in free fall from an approximate horizontal position and from a
height to develop the required impact of 48 960 joules.
The free fall height shall be determined from the formula:
energy in joules
Drop distance in metres =
9,8 actual weight of test load in kilograms
F.2.2.2 The test load shall be centred above the overhead guard with the length at right angles to the
longitudinal centre line of the truck, the 1 O00 mm dimension flat and shall strike the guard in this position
(see Figure F.l).
If the tests according to clause 5.9.1.1 are done first, the same overhead guard can be used to conduct this
test.
Cp BSI 07-2000
--````,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

Page 68
EN 1551:2000
F.2.3 Requirements
The permanent deformation of the overhead guard and its mounting after impact shall be measured between
the horizontal plane tangent to the underside of the guard at the operators position and a horizontal plane
tangent to the upper surface of the steering wheel. There shall not be less than 250 mm between the planes
(see Figure F.2).
--````,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Figure F . l - Overhead guard impact test method
Dimensions in millimetres
Figure F.2 - Overhead guard impact deformation limit
Q BSI 07-2000

STDmBSI BS EN L55L-ENGL 2000 ILb24bb9 0862359 TO2 H
Page 69
EN 1551:2000
Annex G
(informative)
Loading control
The Machinery Safety Directive 98/37/EC dated 22 June 1998 calls for loading control in clause 4.2.1.4.
Clause 4.2.1.4
Machinery with a maximum working load of not less than 1 O00 kg or an overturning moment of not less than
40 O00 Nm must be fitted with devices to warn the driver and prevent dangerous movements of the load in
the event of:
- overloading the machinery:
- either as a result of maximum working loads being exceeded; or
- as a result of the moments due to the load being exceeded;
- the moments conducive to overturning being exceeded as a result of the load being lifted.
During the development of the amending directive 91/368 it was recognized in a European Community
Council minute that this clause may be difficult to meet for some machinery, specifically lift trucks. Viz:
"The Council Commission recognize that specific machinery as ¡.e. industrial trucks, could not meet these
requirements following the today's state of the art. Possible user problems will be forwarded to the machinery
safety committee for agreement."
The requirements of a loading control and a load moment control shall not and cannot be followed in this
standard, because:
- The examples in Table G.1 show that essential hazards cannot be met, in the majority of cases, when
using these systems.
- Since I January 1961 all lift trucks have to comply with stability requirements developed by European
and USA manufacturers in the 1950's. These requirements have been further developed over the years
and are covered in the IS0 standards published in 1975 and were also included in the
EU directive 89/240. New standards were developed as new configurations and new applications of lift
trucks evolved. These standards are used worldwide.
- Stability can be influenced by truck speed, particularly when turning, accelerating and braking, and by
floor conditions.
- Truck manufacturers have for a number of years explored load controls and load moment controls which
measure the pressure in the lift and tilt cylinder, load cells on the steer axle, strain gauges on the
chassis frame and tilt cylinder pins. The reliable and repeatable results required by an effective safety
feature were not achievable because of the different influences when using lift trucks.
- To "warn and prevent", lockout would be necessary. Tests have shown that this can create additional
hazards, e.g. translation of braking effect, or require increased size of trucks or reduced speeds. Truck
size and speed are important aspects of operating costs, increased size and reduced speed would have
a significant negative effect on operating economies.
- No reliable overload control is available in the current state of the art to detect transverse overload.
- The weight and the arrangement of loads to be lifted is variable. The user is informed about residual
risks and hazards (see 7.1) and how to prevent them.
<e> BSI 07-2000 --````,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

STD.BS1 8s EN 1 5 5 1 - E N G L 2000 LbZLlbb9 08b2360 724 m
Page 70
EN 1551:2000
- The instruction handbook, delivered with each truck, includes information for intended and prohibited
use of the truck and its attachments and gives information for identified residual hazards and unintended
use.
- The instruction handbook, delivered with each truck, includes information about the operation of the
truck by trained operators who are informed about specific risks during operating of trucks and
attachments.
- The pressure control valve of the hydraulic system of the truck (see 5.6.4.2) can prevent excessive
overload (20 % $r 5 %)when lifting loads from the floor. The primary purpose of the pressure control is to
protect the hydraulic system and cannot be considered as a load control system. A qualified system for
load moment measurements in all directions is not yet available.
--````,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- Q BSI 07-2000

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STDOBSI BS E N L55L-ENGL 2000 ILb24bb9 O B b 2 3 b L 660
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Page 72
EN 1551:2000
Annex ZA
(informative)
Clauses of this European Standard addressing essential requirements or other

provisions of EU directives
This European standard has been prepared by CEN Technical Committee CENTTC 150 Industrial Trucks
under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association and
supports essential requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC.
Warning: Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the product(s) falling within the
scope of this standard.
The clauses of this standard are likely to support requirements of Directive 98/37/EC.
Compliance with this standard provides one means of conforming with the specific essential requirements of
the Directive concerned and associated EFTA regulations.
--````,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
8 BSI 07-2000

STD-BSI BS EN L55L-ENGL 2000 Lb24bb9 0862363 433 m
BS EN
1551:2000
BSI - British Standards Institution
ES1 is the independent national body responsible for preparing British Standards.It
presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at the intemational level. It is
incorporated by Royal Charter.
Revisions
British Standards are updated by amendment or revision. Users of British Símdards
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It is the constant aim of BSI to improve the quality of our products and services. We
wodd be grateful if anyone ñnding an inaccuracy or ambiguity while using this
British standard would inform the Secretary of the technical committee responsible,
the identity of which can be found on the inside front cover. Tel 020 8996 9ooo.
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In response to orders for intemational standards, it is BSI policy to supply the BSI
implementation of those that have been published as British Standards, unless
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Information on standards
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STDmBSI BS EN L55L-ENGL 2000 II Lb24bb9 0862289 ab9

The European Standard EN 1551:2ûûûhas the status of a

NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMiïTED BY COPYBIGHT LAW

Copyright European Committee for Standardization

- aid enquirers to understand the text,

A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to

been prepared under the

ISBN O 580 35352 4

Copyright European Committee for Standardization

STD-BSI BS EN 1551-ENGL 2000 L b 2 4 b b î Oäb2291 Y17

EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 1551

Safety of industrial trucks - Self propelled trucks over 10 O00 kg

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 16 April 1999.

EUROPEAN COMMIïTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart, 36 8-1050 Brussels

Copyright European Committee for Standardization

Copyright European Committee for Standardization

STDBBSI BS EN L551-ENGL 2 0 0 0 1624669 08b2293 29T

EN 1726-1, Part 1 :General requirements

Safety of Industrial trucks - Pedestrian propelled trucks

EN 1757-1, Part 1 :Stacker trucks

EN 1757-2, Part 2 :Pallet trucks

EN 1757-3, Part 3 :Plaíform trucks

EN 1757-4, Part 4 :Scissors lift pallet trucks

EN 1525, Safety of Industrial trucks - Driverless trucks and their systems

EN 1175, Safety of Industrial trucks - Electrical requirements

EN i175-1, Part 1: General requirements for battery powered trucks

EN 1175-2, Part 2: General requirements for IC engine powered trucks

EN 1755, Safety of Industrial trucks - Operation in potentially explosive atmospheres; use in

STD-BSI BS EN L552-ENGL 2 D O D 111 L b 2 4 b b î 0 8 b 2 2 9 4 L 2 b =

EN 13059, Safety of Industrial trucks - Test methods for measuring vibration

EN 12895, Safety of Industrial trucks - Electromagnetic compatibility

Copyright European Committee for Standardization

S T D - B S I B S EN L55L-ENGL 2000 M Lb24bb9 08b2295 Ob2 111

This standard does not cover:

- Trucks powered by natural gas.

- Trucks operated by remote control.

- Trucks with elevating operator position.

For attachments the appropriate clauses of this standard are applicable.

- when handling suspended loads which may swing freely;

- when using trucks on public roads;

- when using a work platform.

EN 1755:2000, Safety of industrial trucks - Operation in potentially explosive atmospheres: Use in

IS0 1074:1991, Counterbalanced fork lift trucks - Stability tests

I S 0 2867: 1994, Earth moving machinery -Access systems

IS0 3874: 1997, Series ? Freight containers - Handling and securing

IS0 5053:1987, Powered industrial trucks - Terminology

Copyright European Committee for Standardization

For the load Q the following conditions apply:

- Load Q vertically stacked to the standard lift height (3.2).

D = standard load centre distance

H = standard lift height

3.3.1 Values for distance D are defined in Table 1.

I Rated load Q, kilograms

From (included) To (excluded) 600

25 O00 and above X

STD-BSI BS EN 1551-ENGL 2000 m 1624669 0862299 708

Copyright European Committee for Standardization

STD-BSI B S EN 1551-ENGL 2000

Hazard Corresponding requirement

4.1.2 Shearing hazards 5.3 Brakes

5.7 Operator position

5.9.2 Warning device