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Introduction
The purpose of this tutorial is to provide guidelines and recommendations for setting up
and solving a natural gas combustion problem.
This tutorial demonstrates how to do the following:
Prerequisites
This tutorial is written with the assumption that you have completed Tutorial 1 from the
ANSYS FLUENT 13.0 Tutorial Guide, and that you are familiar with the ANSYS FLUENT
navigation pane and menu structure. Some steps in the setup and solution procedure will
not be shown explicitly.
If you have not used k-epsilon turbulence, P-1 radiation, and Eddy Dissipation Finite-rate
Reaction models before, it would be helpful to first refer to the ANSYS FLUENT 13.0 User’s
Guide.
Problem Description
This problem was modeled after the experiments carried out at the Burner Engineering
Research Laboratory (BERL) as part of a large project (Scaling 400 study) for combustors
ranging in size from 30 KW to 12 MW. The schematic of the problem is shown in Figure 1.
The flow under study is an unstaged natural gas flame in a 300 KW swirl-stabilized burner.
The furnace is vertically fired. It has an octagonal cross-section with a conical furnace
hood and a cylindrical exhaust duct. The furnace walls can be refractory-lined or water-
cooled. The burner features 24 radial fuel ports and a bluff centerbody. Air is introduced
through an annular inlet and movable swirl blocks are used to impart swirl. Figure 2 shows
a closeup of the burner assuming 2D axisymmetry. Appropriate area adjustments were
made to account for the 2D representation of a 3D problem. It has been ensured that the
cross-sectional areas of the model and real furnaces are the same. The input conditions for
this case, i.e. wall temperature, inlet boundary conditions, and profile have been derived
from this experimental data.
Preparation
Figure 3: Mesh
General
Step 3: Models
Models
Step 4: Materials
Materials
(a) Click on Edit... next to Mixture Species and reorder the species as follows:
i. h2o
ii. o2
iii. fuel
iv. co2
v. n2
A transport equation is not solved for the last species in the list, instead its
concentration is determined by difference. To reduce the round-off error, the
species of the greatest quantity should be placed last in the list. In most cases,
this is n2.
(b) Click on Edit... next to Reaction and define the following reaction.
4. Enter 16.313 for Molecular Weight and -1.0629e+08 Standard State Enthalpy for fuel.
5. Select polynomial from the Cp drop-down list for all the species and set the values for
the coefficients as shown below:
Species 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
fuel 2005 -0.3407 2.362e-03 -1.178e-6 1.703e-10 - -
co2 535.4 0.6393 -1.823e-04 -5.956e-08 3.784e-11 - -
h2 o 1938 -0.5904 1.215e-03 -7.158e-07 1.519e-10 - -
n2 1027 0.01081 4.955e-5 -1.121e-08 - - -
o2 876.3 0.06141 1.861e-04 -3.006e-07 2.295e-10 8.54e-14 1.224e-17
Boundary Conditions
Step 6: Solution
(a) Calculate the Mass Flow Rate with velocity-inlet-4 and velocity-inlet-5 as Bound-
aries.
(b) Calculate Mass Flow Rate with pressure-outlet-3 as Boundary.
10. Compute the gas phase energy fluxes through all the boundaries.
Reports −→ Fluxes −→ Set Up...
(a) Select Total Heat Transfer Rate from the Options list.
(b) Select all the zones from the Boundaries selection list and click Compute.
(c) Close the Flux Reports dialog box.
This value is quite high. For a converged case Total Heat Transfer Rate should be of a
conserved value.
13. Save the case and data files, berl-mag-3.cas.gz and berl-mag-3.dat.gz.
14. Compute the gas phase mass fluxes through all the boundaries.
Reports −→ Fluxes −→ Set Up...
(a) Calculate the Mass Flow Rate with velocity-inlet-4 and velocity-inlet-5 as Bound-
aries.
(b) Calculate Mass Flow Rate with pressure-outlet-3 as Boundary.
15. Compute the gas phase energy fluxes through all the boundaries.
(a) Select Total Heat Transfer Rate from the Options list.
(b) Select all the zones from the Boundaries selection list and click Compute.
The heat imbalance is smaller as compared to the previous case.
(c) Close the Flux Reports dialog box.
Results
Use of the DO radiation model, which is more CPU intensive, and also a second order
solution, can help to increase the accuracy of the predictions.
Summary
Inherent limitations in the available models result in inaccuracies while predicting interme-
diate species. Overall, fairly meaningful results within engineering accuracy are obtained.