Important Questions for Class 11

Maths

Chapter 10 - Straight Lines

Very Short Answer Type Questions 1 Mark

1. Find the slope of the lines passing through the point  3,  2  and  1,4 
Ans: Slope of the line = m
The given points are  3,  2  and  1,4  .
Let  x1 , y1  be  3,  2  and  x2 , y2  be  1,4  .
y 2  y1
m
x2  x1
4   2 

1  3
6 3
 
4 2

3
Therefore, the slope of the line passing through the point  3,  2  and  1,4  is  .
2

2. Three points P  h, k  , Q  x1 , y1  and R  x2 , y2  lie on a line. Show that

 h  x1  y2  y1    k  y1  x2  x1 

Ans. The given points are P  h, k  , Q  x1 , y1  and R  x2 , y2  .

Since, the points P , Q and R lie on a line. Therefore, they are collinear.
Hence,
Slope of PQ = Slope of QR
y1  k y2  y1  y2  y1 
 
x1  h x2  x1  Slope  
 x2  x1 

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
 k  y1   y2  y1
(On cross multiplication)
 h  x1  x2  x1
 h  x1  y2  y1    k  y1  x2  x1 

3. Write the equation of the line through the points 1, 1 and  3, 5
Ans: The given points are 1, 1 and  3, 5 .
y2  y1
Equation of a line when two points are given is y  y1   x  x1 
x2  x1
Let  x1 , y1  be 1,  1 and  x2 , y2  be  3, 5 .
Substituting the values in the above formula, we get
5   1
 y   1   x  1
3 1
5 1
 y 1   x  1
2
6
 y  1   x  1
2
 2  y  1  3  x  1
 3 x  y  4  0

4. Find the measure of the angle between the lines x  y  7  0 and x  y  1  0 .

Ans: The given equation of lines are x  y  7  0 and x  y  1  0 .
Express the given equation as slope-intercept form y  mx  c
where,
(Slope) m = co-efficient of x

For the first line,

x y 7  0
y  x  7
 m1  1

For the second line,

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x  y 1  0
y  x 1
 m2  1

m1 .m2  1
Therefore, the lines are perpendicular to one another. As the product of slope of
perpendicular lines is 1 .

5. Find the equation of the line that has y  intercept 4 and is perpendicular to
the line y  3x  2 .
Ans: The given equation of the is y  3x  2 .
Express the given equation as slope-intercept form y  mx  c
where,
(Slope) m = co-efficient of x
m1  3
When the lines are perpendicular. Then the product of slope is 1 .
 m1 .m2  1
3.m2  1
1
m2  
3
Given,
y  intercept of other line is 4.
Therefore, the required equation of the line using the slope-intercept form
y  mx  c .
1
y   x4
3

6. Find the equation of the line, which makes intercepts 3 and 2 on the x and
y -axis respectively.

Ans: Given,

( x  intercept) a  3

( y  intercept) b  2

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 x y
Required equation is given by  1
a b

a  3, b  2

x y
  1
3 2
2 x  3y  6  0

7. Equation of a line is 3x  4y  10  0 find its slope.

Ans: Given,

Equation of the line is 3x  4y  10  0 .

 co-efficient of x
Slope of the line is given by m 
co-efficient of y

3 3
 
4 4

8. Find the distance between the parallel lines 3x  4y  7  0 and 3x  4y  5  0 .

Ans: Given,

Equation of the parallel lines are 3x  4y  7  0 and 3x  4y  5  0 .

The general equation of the parallel lines is given by

Ax  By  C1  0 and Ax  By  C2  0 .

On comparing the given equation of two parallel lines with general equation, we
get

A  3, B  4,C1  7and C2  5 .

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 C1  C 2
Distance between two parallel lines is d 
A2  B2

|7  5|

(3)2  (4)2
2

9  16
2

5

9. Find the equation of a straight line parallel to y -axis and passing through
the point  4,  2  .
Ans: Given point is  4,  2 
Equation of line parallel to y -axis is x  a ...(i)
Since, equation (i) passing through  4,  2 
a  4
So,
x 4
x 4  0

10. If 3x  by  2  0 and 9x  3y  a  0 represent the same straight line, find the

values of a and b .
Ans: Given equation of the line are 3x  by  2  0 and 9x  3y  a  0 .
ATQ,
3 b 2
 
9 3 a
On comparing the values, we get
3 b 3 2
 and 
9 3 9 a
 b  1 and a  6

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11. Find the distance between P  x1 y1  and Q  x2 , y2  when PQ is parallel to the
y -axis.
Ans: When PQ is parallel to the y -axis,
Then x1  x2
 x2  x1    y2  y1 
2 2
 PQ 

 x2  x2    y2  y1 
2 2

 y2  y1

12. Find the slope of the line, which makes an angle of 30 with the positive
direction of y  axis measured anticlockwise.
Ans: Given,
Line which makes an angle of 30 with the positive direction of y  axis measured
anticlockwise.
Let  be the inclination of the line,
  120
(slope) m  tan120
 tan 90  30 
 3

13. Determine x so that the inclination of the line containing the points ( x, 3)
and (2,5) is 135 .
Ans: Slope of the line = m , also

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m  tan135
The given points are ( x, 3) and (2,5) .
Let  x1 , y1  be ( x, 3) and  x2 , y2  be (2,5) .
y2  y1
 m
x2  x1
 m  tan 
5  (3)  
  tan135
2 x m  y2  y1 
 x2  x1 
53
  1
2 x
 8  2  x
 10  x

14. Find the distance of the point (4,1) from the line 3x  4 y  9  0
Ans: Given,
Point (4,1) and equation of the line 3x  4 y  9  0
Let d be the required distance,
| 3  (4)  4(1)  9 |
d
(3)2  (4) 2
| 1| 1
 
5 5

15. Find the value of x for which the points ( x, 1),(2,1) and (4,5) are collinear.
Ans: Given three collinear points.
Let the point be A( x, 1), B(2,1), C (4,5)
Since, the points are collinear. Therefore,
Slope of AB  Slope of BC
1  1 5 1

2 x 42
2 42

2 x 8
2  x 1
 x  1
x 1

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16. Find the angle between the x -axis and the line joining the points (3, 1) and
 4,  2 .
Ans: Given,
Line joining the points (3, 1) and  4,  2  .
m1  0 [Slope of x -axis]
m2  slope of line joining points (3, 1) and (4, 2)
y2  y1
m2 
x2  x1
2  (1)
  1
43
m2  m1
Angle between two line is given by tan  
1  m1m2
0 1
tan  
1  0  (1)
tan   1
  45

17. Using slopes, find the value of x for which the points ( x, 1),(2,1) and (4,5)
are collinear.
Ans: Given,
Three collinear points.
Let the points be A  x ,  1 , B 2, 1 and C  4, 5 .
Since, the points are collinear. Therefore,
Slope of AB  Slope of BC
1   1  5  1
 
2 x 4 2
11 4
 
2 x 2
 2  22  x 
 1 2 x
 x 1

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18. Find the value of K so that the line 2 x  ky  9  0 may be parallel to
3x  4 y  7  0
Ans: Given,
Equation of two parallel lines are 2 x  ky  9  0 and 3x  4 y  7  0 .

 co-efficient of x
Slope of the line is given by m 
co-efficient of y

ATQ,
Slope of 1st line = slope of 2nd line
2 3

k 4
8
k 
3

19. Find the value of K , given that the distance of the point (4,1) from the line
3x  4 y  K  0 is 4 units.

Ans: Given,

The distance of the point (4,0) from the line 3x  4 y  k  0 is 4 units.

|3(4)  4(1)  k |
 4
(3)2  (4)2
12  4  k
 4
25
8k
 4
5
 8  k  20

When,

8  k  20
k  12

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When,

  8  k   20
k  28

20. Find the equation of the line through the intersection of 3x  4 y  1  0 and
5x  y  1  0 which cuts off equal intercepts on the axes.

Ans: Given,

Equation of two intersecting lines 3x  4 y  1  0 and 5x  y  1  0 .

Slope of a line which makes equal intercept on the axes is 1 any line through the
intersection of given lines is,

(3x  4 y  1)  K (5x  y  1)  0

(3  5K ) x  y( K  4)  1  K  0

 co-efficient of x
Slope of the line is given by m 
co-efficient of y

(3  5K )
 m
K 4
(3  5K )
 1  
K 4
7
K
4

21. Find the distance of the point (2, 3) from the line 12 x  5 y  2 .

Ans: Given point (2, 3) and equation of the line 12 x  5 y  2 .

The distance is given by,

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 |12 x  5 y  2 |
d
(12)2  (5)2

|12  2  5  3  2 |
d
169

| 41| 41
 
13 13

22. Find the equation of a line whose perpendicular distance from the origin is
5 units and angle between the positive direction of the x -axis and the
perpendicular is 30 .

Ans: Given,

Perpendicular distance of the line from the origin is 5 units.

Angle between the positive direction of the x -axis and the perpendicular is 30 .
Hence,

p  5,   30

Required equation is given by x cos  y sin  p .

x cos30  y sin 30  5

3x  y  10  0

1
23. Write the equation of the lines for which tan   , where Q is the
2
inclination of the line and x intercept is 4.

Ans: Given,

Slope of the line,

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 1
m  tan   and
2

x  intercept, i.e., d = 4

1
y  ( x  4)  y  m( x  d )
2

2y  x  4  0

24. Find the angle between the x -axis and the line joining the points (3, 1) and
(4, 2) .

Ans: Given,

Two distinct points.

Let A(3, 1) and B(4, 2)

Slope of AB,

y2  y1
m
x2  x1
2  (1)

4 3
 1

m  tan
 tan  1

 where  is the angle which AB makes 

  135  
 with positive direction of x  axis 

25. Find the equation of the line intersecting the x -axis at a distance of 3 unit
to the left of origin with slope 2 .

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Ans: Given,

Line intersecting the x -axis at a distance of 3 unit to the left of origin.

Therefore, the point is  3,0 

Slope of the line = m  2

Required equation is given by one-point form,

y  y1  m  x  x1 
 y  0  2(x  3)
 2x  y  6  0

Long Answer Type Questions 4 Marks

1. If p is the length of the  from the origin on the line whose intercepts on
1 1 1
the axes are a and b. Show that 2
 2 2
p a b

x y
Ans: Equation of the line is  1
a b

x y
  1  0
a b

The distance of this line from the origin is P

0 0
 1
a b  | ax  by  c | 
P  d  
2
1 1
2
 a 2  b2 
   
a b

P 1

1 1 1

a 2 b2

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1 1 1
 2
 2
P a b

Squaring both the sides,

1 1 1
2
 2 2
P a b

Hence proved.

2. Find the value of p so that the three lines 3x  y  2  0, px  2 y  3  0 and

2 x  y  3  0 may intersect at one point.

Ans: Given,

Equation of three lines,

3x  y  2  0 .....(i)
px  2y  3  0 .....(ii)
2x  y  3  0 .....(iii)

On solving equation (i) and (iii),

x 1 and y  1

Put x, y in equation (ii),

px  2y  3  0
p.1  2.  1  3  0
p 23  0
p5 0
p5

3. Find the equation to the straight line which passes through the point (3, 4)
and has intercept on the axes equal in magnitude but opposite in sign.

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Ans: Given the makes equal intercepts in axes but opposite in sign.

Let the intercepts be,

( x  intercept) a  a

( y  intercept) b  b

x y
The equation of the line is given by   1.
a b

On substituting the values,

x y
 1
a a

 x  y  a .(i)

Since it passes through the point (3, 4)

3 4  a

a  1

Put the value of a in equation (i)

x  y  1

x  y 1  0

4. By using area of . Show that the points (a, b  c), (b, c  a) and (c, a  b) are

collinear.

Ans: Given,

Three points, let the points be A(a, b  c), B(b, c  a) and C(c ,a  b)

The three points will be collinear if the area of triangle is 0.

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 1
Area of   x1  y2  y3   x2  y3  y1   x3  y1  y2 
2

1
 a(c  a)  b(b  c)  b(a  b)  c(c  a)  c(b  c)  a(a  b)
2
1
 .0
2
0

5. Find the slope of a line, which passes through the origin, and the midpoint
of the line segment joining the point P(0, 4) and Q(8,0)

Ans: Given,

Line segment joining the point P(0, 4) and Q(8,0) .

Let M be the midpoint of segment PQ then

x x y y 
M  1 2  1 2 
 2 2 
 0  8 4  0 
 , 
 2 2 
  4, 2 

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Slope of line joining origin O  0,0  and the mid-point M  4, 2 ,

y2  y1
OM 
x2  x1
2  0

40
1

2

6. Find equation of the line passing through the point (2, 2) and cutting off
intercepts on the axes whose sum is 9.

x y
Ans: Required equation is   1(i)
a b

Where,

( x  intercept)  a

( y  intercept)  b

Given,

Sum of intercepts = 9

ab  9

b  9a .....  ii 

Substituting the value of equation (ii) in equation (i),

x y
  1
a 9a

This line passes through (2, 2)

2 2
  1
a 9a

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a 2  9a  18  0

a2  6a  3a  18  0

a(a  6)  3(a  6)  0

(a  6)(a  3)  0

a  6,3

a  6 or a  3

On substituting the values of a in equation (ii), we get

b  3 or b  6

Therefore, the equation of line are,

x y x y
 1  1
6 3 3 6

7. Reduce the equation 3x  y  8  0 into normal form. Find the values p and
.

Ans: Given,

Equation of a line 3x  y  8  0

Let 3x  y  8.(i)

( 3)2  (1)2  2

Dividing (i) by 2

3 y
x 4
2 2

x cos30  y  sin 30  4.(ii)

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On comparing the above equation with the standard from,

x cos   y sin   p

Where,

p is the perpendicular distance from the origin

 is the angle between perpendicular and the positive x  axis

p4


6

8. Without using the Pythagoras theorem show that the points (4, 4),(3,5) and

(1, 1) are the vertices of a right angled  .

Ans: Let given points be A(4, 4), B(3,5) and C (1, 1)

Slope of AB,

54
m1   1
3 4

Slope of BC,

1  5
m2 
1  3
6 3
 
4 2

Slope of AC,

1  4
m3   1
1  4

Since,

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Slope of AB  slope of AC  1

m1  m3  1

 AB  AC (if the product of slope is 1 , then the lines are

perpendicular)

Hence ABC is right angled at A .

9. The owner of a milk store finds that, he can sell 980 litres of milk each week
at Rs 14 per litre and 1220 litre of milk each week at Rs 16 per litre. Assuming
a linear relationship between selling price and demand how many litres could
he sell weekly at Rs 17 per litre?

Ans: Assuming the sell along x -axis and cost per litre along y -axis, we have two
points (980,14) and (1220,16) in xy plane

Let  x1 , y1  and  x2 , y2  be (980,14) and (1220,16) respectively.

Using equation of straight line by two-point form,

y2  y1
y  y1   x  x1 
x2  x1

16  14
y  14  ( x  980)
1220  980

2
y  14  ( x  980)
120

120 y 14 120  x  980

120 y 1680  x  980

x  120 y  700

When cost per litre, i.e., y  17

Class XI Maths www.vedantu.com 20

x 120 17  700

 x  1340 litres.

10. The line through the points (h,3) and (4,1) intersects the line 7 x  9 y 19  0
a right angle. Find the value of h .

Ans: Given a line joining (h,3) and (4,1)

Let  x1 , y1  and  x2 , y2  be (h,3) and (4,1) respectively.

Find slope by two-point form,

y2  y1
m1 
x2  x1
13 2
 
4h 4h

Given line is 7 x  9 y 19  0

 co-efficient of x
Slope of the line is given by m 
co-efficient of y

7
m2 
9

ATQ,

The lines intersect at right angles, i.e., product of slope  1

 m 1 m2  1
 2   7 
      1
 4h   9 
22
 h
9

Class XI Maths www.vedantu.com 21

11. Find the equations of the lines, which cut off intercepts on the axes whose
sum and product are 1 and 6 respectively.

Ans: Let the intercepts made by the line on the axes be,

( x  intercept)  a

( y  intercept)  b

ATQ,

Sum of intercepts, i.e., a  b  1 .....(i)

Product of intercepts, i,e., ab  6 ..... ii 

b  1  a [ from (i)]

Put b in equation (ii)

a(1  a)  6

a  a 2  6

a2  a  6  0

(a  3)(a  2)  0

a  3, 2

When a  3

b  2

x y
Required equation is  1
a b

x y
 1
3 2

2x  3 y  6  0

Class XI Maths www.vedantu.com 22

When a  2

b3

x y
Required equation is  1
a b

x y
 1
2 3

3x  2 y  6  0

12. The slope of a line is double of the slope of another line. If tangent of the
1
angle between them is , find the slopes of the lines.
3

Ans: Given,

Slope of a line is double of the slope of another line.

1
Tangent of the angle between them, i.e., tan 
3

Let the slope of one line is m and other line is 2m

1 2m  m

3 1  (2m)(m)

1 m

3 1  2m 2

1 m
 
3 1  2m 2

1 m

3 1  2m 2

2m2  3m  1  0

Class XI Maths www.vedantu.com 23

2m2  2m  m  1  0

2m(m 1) 1(m  1)  0

(m  1)(2m  1)  0

1
m  1, m 
2

1 m

3 1  2m 2

1  2m2  3m

2m2  3m  1  0

2m2  2m  m  1  0

2m(m  1)  1(m  1)  0

(m  1)(2m  1)  0

1
m  1, m 
2

13. Point R(h, k ) divides a line segment between the axes in the ratio 1: 2 . Find
equation of the line.

Ans: It is given that R(h, k ) divides AB in the ratio 1: 2

Class XI Maths www.vedantu.com 24

 x y
Required equation is   1 .....  i 
a b

 2a b 
  h, k    , 
 3 3
2a b
h and k 
3 3
3h
 a and 3k  b
2

Put a and b in equation ……(i)

x y
 1
3h 3k
2
2x y
 3
h k

14. The Fahrenheit temperature F and absolute temperature K satisfy a linear

equation. Given that K  273 when F  32 and that K  373 when F  212 .
Express K in terms of F and find the value of F when K  0

Class XI Maths www.vedantu.com 25

Ans: Let Fahrenheit temperature F along x -axis and absolute temperature K
along y -axis.

Let  x1 , y1  and  x2 , y2  be  273,32  and  373, 212  respectively.

Using equation of straight line by two-point form,

y2  y1
y  y1   x  x1 
x2  x1

373  273
K  273  ( F  32)
212  32

10
K  273  ( F  32)
18

When K  0 , then

5
K  ( F  32)  273
9
9
 F   K  273  32  K  0
5
9
   273  32
5
 491.4  32
 459.4

a b
15. If three points (h,0), (a, b) and (0, k ) lie on a line, show that  1
h k

Ans: Let A(h,0), B(a, b) and C(0, k )

Since, the three points lie on same line. Therefore,

Slope of AB  slope of BC

b 0 k b

ah 0a

Class XI Maths www.vedantu.com 26

 b hb

ah a

(a  h)(k  b)  ab

ak  ab  hk  hb  ab

ak  hb  hk

ak hb
 1
hk hk

a b
 1
h k

16. P  a, b  is the mid-point of a line segment between axes. Show that equation
x y
of the line is   2.
a b

Ans: Given,

Mid-point of a line segment between axes P  a, b  .

ATQ,

Let P be the mid-point of A  c ,0  and B  0,d 

x y x y
Required equation is   1 i.e.,   1 .
a b c d

Where,

x  intercept = a

y  intercept = b

  x  x y  y 
Coordinate of P   , 
c d
 mid-point   1 2 , 1 2  
2 2   2 2 

Class XI Maths www.vedantu.com 27

 c d
 ( a , b)   , 
2 2

a c

1 2

c  2a

b d

1 2

d  2b

Put the value of c and d in equation (i)

x y
 1
2a 2b
x y
 2
a b

17. The line  to the line segment joining the points (1, 0) and (2,3) divides it in
the ratio 1: n find the equation of the line.

Class XI Maths www.vedantu.com 28

Ans: Given,

Coordinates of line segment.

Let A 1, 0  and B 2, 3 . Ratio = 1: n

2n
Coordinate of C   3
 
 1 n 1 n 

Slope of AB,

mAB  3

Slope of PQ,

1
mPQ  
3

Equation of PQ using one-point form,

2n
 x1 , y1   
3 
 
 1n 1n 
1
mPQ  
3

y  y1  m x  x1 

y 3 1 x 2n 
    
1 1 n 3 1 1 n 
(n  1)x  3(n  1)y  (n  11)  0

Class XI Maths www.vedantu.com 29

Long Answer Type Questions 6 Marks

1. Find the values of k for the line (k  3) x   4  k 2  y  k 2  7k  6  0

(a). Parallel to the x -axis

(b). Parallel to y -axis

(c). Passing through the origin

Ans: Given, equation of line (k  3) x   4  k 2  y  k 2  7k  6  0

(a) The line is parallel to x -axis, if coefficient of x  0

coefficient of x  k  3

 k 3  0
k 3

(b) The line is parallel to y -axis, if coefficient of y  0

Class XI Maths www.vedantu.com 30

coefficient of y  4  k 2

 4  k2  0
k  2

(c) line passes through the origin if (0,0) lies on given equation,

(k  3)  (0)   4  k 2  (0)  k 2  7k  6  0

(k  6)(k  1)  0

k  6,1

2. If p and q are the lengths of  from the origin to the lines

x cos  y sin   k cos 2 and x sec  y cosec  k respectively, prove that
p  4q  k .
2 2 2

Ans: Equatin of lines are,

x cos  y sin   k cos 2 ....(1)

x sec  y cosec  k .(2)

The general equation is of the from Ax  By  C  0 .

The perpendicular distance d of a line from a point  x1 , y1  is given by,

Ax1  By1  C
d
A 2  B2

On comparing equation (1) to the general equation of line i.e.,

Ax  By  C  0 , we obtain

A  cos , B   sin  , and C  k cos 2

Class XI Maths www.vedantu.com 31

It is given that p is the length of the perpendicular from  0, 0  to line (1)
| A(0)  B(0)  C |
p 
A 2  B2
|C| | k cos 2 |
 
A B
2 2
cos 2   sin 2 
 | k cos 2 | ..(3)

On comparing equation(2) to the general equation of line i.e.,

Ax  By  C  0 , we obtain

A  sec , B  cosec , and C  k

It is given that q is the length of the perpendicular from (0,0) to line (2)
| A(0)  B(0)  C |
q 
A 2  B2
|C| | k |
  ..(4)
A B
2 2
sec   csc 2 
2

From (3) and (4) we have,

2

 | k | 

p  4q  | k cos 2 |  4 
2 2 2

 sec2   csc2  
 

4k 2
 k 2 cos 2 2 
 sec2   csc2  
4k 2
 k 2 cos 2 2 
 1 1 
 2  2 
 cos  sin  

4k 2
 k 2 cos 2 2 
 sin 2  cos 2  
 2 
 sin  cos  
2

 k 2 cos2 2  4k 2 sin 2  cos2 

Class XI Maths www.vedantu.com 32

 k 2 cos2 2  k 2 (2sin  cos  )2

 k 2 cos2 2  k 2 sin 2 2

 k 2  cos2 2  sin 2 2   k 2  cos2   sin 2   1

Hence proved p2  4q 2  k 2 .

3. Prove that the product of the  drawn from the points  a 2  b2 , 0  and

 
a 2  b2 , 0 to the line
x
a
y
cos   sin   1 is b 2 .
b

x y
Ans: Given equation of line is cos   sin   1
a b

Let p1 be the distance from  

a 2  b2 , 0 to the given line,

a 2  b2
∣  cos   1
p1  a   from the points a 2  b 2 , 0 
 
 cos    sin  
2 2

   
 a   b 

Similarly,


p2 be the distance from  a 2  b2 , 0 to given line, 
a 2  b2
 cos   1
a
p2 
 cos    sin  
2 2

   
 a   b 

Product of perpendicular lines, i.e., p1 .p2

Class XI Maths www.vedantu.com 33

  a 2  b2  a 2  b2 
 cos   1  cos   1
 a  a 
  
p1 p2 
cos  sin 
2 2
 2
a2 b

 a 2  b2 
  cos   1
2
 2
 a 
 2
b cos   a 2 sin 2 
2

a 2b 2

a 2 cos 2   b2 cos2   a 2 a 2b2



a 2 a 2 sin 2   b2 cos 2  

 a 2 sin 2   b2 cos2  b2 

a sin   b cos 
2 2 2 2  
 a 2 cos 2   a 2  a 2 cos 2   1 
 


a 2
sin 2   b 2 cos 2  b 2 
a sin   b cos 
2 2 2 2

b 2

Hence proved that the product of the  drawn from the points  
a 2  b2 , 0 and

 
a 2  b2 , 0 to the line
x
a
y
cos   sin   1 is b 2 .
b

4. Find equation of the line mid way between the parallel lines 9 x  6 y  7  0
and 3x  2 y  6  0

Ans: The given equations of parallel lines are

9x  6 y  7  0

 7
3  3x  2 y    0
 3

Class XI Maths www.vedantu.com 34

 7
3x  2 y   0(i)
3

3x  2 y  6  0..(ii)

Let the eq. of the line mid way between the parallel lines (i) and (ii) be

3x  2 y  k  0.(iii)

ATQ,

Distance between (i) and (iii) = distance between (ii) and (iii)

Distance between two parallel line,

c1  c2
d
a 2  b2

7
k
3  k  6  d  c1  c2 
 
94 94  a 2  b2 

7
k  k 6
3

11
k
6

Substituting the value of k in equation (iii)

11
Therefore, the required equation is 3x  2y   0.
6

5. Assuming that straight lines work as the plane mirror for a point, find the
image of the point (1, 2) in the line x  3 y  4  0

Ans: Let Q(h, k ) is the image of the point P(1, 2) in the line x  3 y  4  0(i)

Class XI Maths www.vedantu.com 35

 h 1 k  2 
Coordinate of midpoint of PQ   , 
 2 2 

This point will satisfy the eq. .......(i)

 h 1   k  2 
   3 4 0
 2   2 
h  1 3k  6
 40
2 2

h  3k  3.(ii)

Since, the object and the line are perpendicular. Therefore,

(Slope of line PQ) (slope of line x  3 y  4  0)  1

 k  2  1 
    1
 h  1  3 

3h  k  5.(iii)

On solving (ii) and (iii)

6 7
h and k 
5 5

Class XI Maths www.vedantu.com 36

6. A person standing at the junction (crossing) of two straight paths
represented by the equations 2 x  3 y  4  0 and 3x  4 y  5  0 wants to reach the
path whose equation is 6 x  7 y  8  0 in the least time. Find equation of the
path that he should follow.

Ans: The given equations of parallel lines are,

2 x  3 y  4  0 ....... (i)

3x  4 y  5  0(ii)

Person wants to reach the path whose equation is,

6 x  7 y  8  0(iii)

On solving eq. (i) and (ii)

31 2
we get  , 
 17 17 

To reach the line (iii) in least time the man must move along the perpendicular
31 2
from crossing point  ,  to (iii) line,
 17 17 

 co-efficient of x
Slope of the line is given by m 
co-efficient of y

6
Slope of line(iii) is
7

Therefore, the slope of the required path,

Slope of the required path  Slope of line(iii)  1

6
Slope of the required path   1
7

7
Slope of the required path  
6

Class XI Maths www.vedantu.com 37

Therefore, the equation of the lie using one-point form,

y  y1  m  x  x1 
 2  7 31 
y      x  
 17  6 17 
119 x  102y  205

7. A line is such that its segment between the lines 5x  y  4  0 and

3x  4 y  4  0 is bisected at the point (1,5) obtain its equation.

Ans: P  x1 , y1  lies on 5x  y  4  0

5x1  y1  4  0

and Q  x2 y2  lies on 3x  4 y  4  0

3x2  4 y2  4  0

On simplifying,

y1  5x1  4
4  3 x2
y2 
4

Since R is the mid-point of PQ,

x1  x2 y y
 1, 1 2  5
2 2
x1  x2  2 .....  i 
y1  y2  10 .....  ii 

On substituting the values of y1 and y2 from above in equation (ii),

Class XI Maths www.vedantu.com 38

 4  3 x2
5x1  4   10
4
20 x1  16  4  3x2  40
20 x1  3x2  20 .....  iii 

On solving equation (i) and (iii), we get

26 20
x1  , x2 
23 23

222 8
and y1  , y2 
23 23

Hence,

 26 222   20 8 
P ,  and Q  , 
 23 23   23 23 

Equation of line PQ using two-point form,

y2  y1
y  y1   x  x1 
x2  x1
8 222

222 23 23  26 
y   x 
23 20 26  23 

23 23
107 x  3y  92  0

8. Find the equations of the lines which pass through the point (4,5) and make
equal angles with the lines 5x 12 y  6  0 and 3x  4 y  7  0

Ans: Let the equation of line passing through the point (4,5) be,

y  5  m x  4  .....  i 

Given equation of two lines 5x 12 y  6  0 and 3x  4 y  7  0 .

Class XI Maths www.vedantu.com 39

 5
slope of line 5x 12 y  6  0 is m1 
12

3
slope of line 3x  4 y  7  0 is m2 
4

Since, the line makes equal angles. Therefore,

m  m1 m  m2
tan  and tan 
1  m.m1 1  m.m2
5 3
m m
12  4
5 3
1  m. 1  m.
12 4

On solving above equation, we get,

7 4
m and m 
4 7

Putting the above values in equation (i),

Required equations are

4 7
y  5  (x  4) and y  5  (x  4)
7 4
4 x  7y  19  0 and 7 x  4 y  48  0

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