1 write a report what you visit of Arsi university Data center.

Data centers are an integral part of the enterprise, designed to support

business applications and provide services such as:
 Data storage, management, backup and recovery.
 Productivity applications, such as email.
 High-volume e-commerce transactions.
 Powering online gaming communities.

A data center infrastructure may include:

 Servers
 Computers
 Networking equipment, such as routers or switches
 Security, such as firewall or biometric security system
 Storage, such as storage area network (SAN) or backup/tape
storage
 Data center management software/applications

It can also include non-computing resources, such as:

 Power and cooling devices, such as air conditioners or

generators
 Physical server racks/chassis
 Cables
 Internet backbone

A fiber-optic cable
contains anywhere from a few to hundreds of optical fibers within a plastic casing.
Also known as optic cables or optical fiber cables, they transfer data signals in the form of
light and travel hundreds of miles significantly faster than those used in traditional
electrical cables.
SWITCH
A network switch connects devices (such as computers, printers, wireless access
points) in a network to each other, and allows them to 'talk' by exchanging data
packets. Switches can be hardware devices that manage physical networks, as well as
software-based virtual devices

A switch is a device in a computer network that connects other devices

together. Multiple data cables are plugged into a switch to enable
communication between different networked devices.
2. The main difference between the public cloud and a data center is where the data is stored. In a
data center, data is most often stored on the premises of your organization. Some data centers may
be in locations not owned by your organization—in this case, your data center is located, but not
in the cloud.
The Data Center
An on-premises data center is a server, or a collection of servers, that you purchase and keep on
site to serve your data storage needs. Some people see this as a disadvantage; you have to
purchase the server hardware along with networking hardware. Like any technology, it will age
and need to be replaced. Along with the cost of purchasing all of this equipment, you will also
need to hire a staff to
The Cloud
In a cloud-based solution, you store your data on someone else’s hardware and infrastructure.
Many people are concerned about the idea of giving up so much control. Even though employees
at reputable cloud hosting vendors undergo background checks, some companies just aren’t
comfortable with someone else handling and possibly accessing their data.

Key benefits of cloud computing:

• Flexibility
– There is the ability to update hardware and software quickly to adhere to customer demands and
updates in technology.
• Savings
– There is a reduction of capital expenditures and IT personnel. •
Location & Hardware Independence – Users can access application from a web browser
connected anywhere on the internet.
Multi-tenancy – Resources and cost are shared among many users, allowing overall cost
reduction.
Reliability – Many cloud providers replicate their server environments in multiply data centers
around the globe, which accounts for business continuity and disaster recover
• Scalability
– Multiply resources load balance peak load capacity and utilization across multiply hardware
platforms in different locations
Security
– Centralization of sensitive data improves security by removing data from the users’ computers.
Cloud providers also have the staff resources to maintain all the latest security features to help
protect data.
Maintenance
– Centralized applications are much easier to maintain than their distributed counter parts. All
updates and changes are made in one centralized server instead of on each user’s computer

3 discuss about server operating system and thier types.

A server operating system (OS) is a type of operating system that is designed to be installed
and used on a server computer. It is an advanced version of an operating system, having features
and capabilities required within a client-server architecture or similar enterprise computing
environment.
UNIX operating system
UNIX was originally a time-sharing operating system supporting small computers, but eventually
became one of the most popular server operating systems in a client-server environment. It is
written in C language, and because the C language abbreviator supports many different platforms,
compared with other operating systems, UNIX has been ported to a wider range of machines.
Linux operating system
Linux is a kind of free software, which has all the functions of UNIX. Originally developed by
students of Finnish universities, version 0.11 was released in 1991.

Linux is an excellent operating system. It is open, supports multi-user, multi-process, multi-thread,

good real-time performance, powerful and stable, and can be obtained for free under the GPL
organized by the CNU Free Software Foundation. A POSIX-compliant operating system.

This operating system software package also includes application software such as a text editor
and a high-level language compiler, allowing the use of windows, icons and menus to operate the
system.
Netware operating system
The NetWare system is a server-based network operating system, which requires a dedicated
server in the network. The NetWare operating system was commonly used in early computer
networks.
NetWare series operating systems can support multi-processor and large-capacity physical
memory management; can provide shared file access and printing functions; support the high
scalability of corporate networks, including open standards and file protocols.
Windows operating system
The Windows series of operating systems include different series such as Windows 2000 and
Windows 2003, which are mainly network operating systems used for servers in the network.

The Windows series of operating systems can support symmetric multi-processor systems, large-
capacity memory management, and unique file and file management systems, and are also deeply
loved by users.
Samba
is the standard Windows interoperability suite of programs for Linux and Unix.
4. a following write a linux command following serve installation.
A Samba server B DNS server
C DHCP server D WAMP server/web server
SAMBA SERVER
Since 1992, Samba has provided secure, stable and fast file and print services for all clients using
the SMB/CIFS protocol, such as all versions of DOS and Windows, OS/2, Linux and many others.

Samba is an important component to seamlessly integrate Linux/Unix Servers and Desktops into
Active Directory environments. It can function both as a domain controller or as a regular domain
member.
Samba is a software package that gives network administrators flexibility and freedom in terms of
setup, configuration, and choice of systems and equipment. Because of all that it offers, Samba has
grown in popularity, and continues to do so, every year since its release in 1992.

For more details on Samba or SMB, see:

Intro to Samba
SMB/CIFS Links
Samba, a re-implementation of the popular SMB (server message block) protocol, is a stable and
free application that allows sharing of files and print services across a network. The software is
installed on a central Linux server from which shared files can be accessed from both Linux and
Windows systems.
The Domain Name System (DNS)
is used to resolve (translate) hostnames to internet protocol (IP) addresses and vice versa. A DNS
server, also known as a nameserver, maps IP addresses to hostnames or domain names.
DHCP (short for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)
is a client/server protocol that enables a server to automatically assign an IP address and other
related configuration parameters (such as the subnet mask and default gateway) to a client on a
network.
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
is a client/server protocol that automatically provides an Internet Protocol (IP) host with its IP
address and other related configuration information such as the subnet mask and default gateway
Steps to set up DHCP Server on Ubuntu
Install DHCP Server. You can install the DHCP Server using the apt command as follows: ...
Configure the DHPC Server. The main configuration file of ISC DHCP server is
/etc/dhcp/dhcpd. ...
Bind the DHCP Server to an interface. ...
Restart the DHCP Server. ...
Check the status of DHCP Server
WAMP server
is an acronym that stands for Windows, Apache, MySQL, and PHP. It's a software stack which
means installing WAMP installs Apache, MySQL, and PHP on your operating system (Windows
in the case of WAMP). Even though you can install them separately, they are usually bundled up,
and for a good reason too.
A web server
is a computer that runs websites. It's a computer program that distributes web pages as they are
requisitioned. The basic objective of the web server is to store, process and deliver web pages to
the users. This intercommunication is done using Hypertext Transfer Protocol
A server stores, sends, and receives data. In essence, it "serves" something else and exists to
provide services. A computer, software program, or even a storage device may act as a server, and
it may provide one service or several.
5 .write a security machanism to protect a data from malaware and hacker

Antivirus
software is designed to detect, remove and prevent malware infections on a device or network.
Though specifically created to eliminate viruses, antivirus software can also aid against spyware,
adware and other malicious software.
The best thing you can do to protect your computer from hackers is use a trusted password
manager. These managers keep track of all your passwords securely and will generate randomized
strong passwords that are almost impossible to guess using brute force or any other password
cracking method.
antivirus program
If you need to download something, you should use an antivirus program to scan that download
for malware before opening it. Antivirus software also allows you to scan your entire computer for
malware. It's a good idea to run regular scans of your computer to catch malware early and prevent
it from spreading.

Here are some practical steps you can take today to tighten up your data security.
Back up your data. ...
Use strong passwords. ...
Take care when working remotely. ...
Be wary of suspicious emails. ...
Install anti-virus and malware protection. ...
Don't leave paperwork or laptops unattended. ...
Make sure your Wi-Fi is secure.
Malware is short for malicious software. It is any type of software designed to infiltrate or damage
a computer system without the owner's informed consent. Trojans, viruses, worms, ransomware,
and other threats fall into the category of malware. Good malware protection begins with effective
antimalware software
6. write each a protocol each layer tcp/ip model
The TCP/IP model consists of five layers: the application layer, transport layer, network layer, data
link layer and physical layer.