Introduction To

Lecture#1

➢What is Management?
➢Who are Managers?
➢What do Managers do?
 Management
• Management involves
coordinating and
overseeing the work
activities of others so that
their activities are
completed efficiently and
effectively.
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• Management refers to the key components/
process of:
-Planning
-Organizing
-Leading &
-Controlling
resources (people, finances, materials, and
information) within an organization to achieve
specific goals and objectives efficiently and
effectively.
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• It is a fundamental function in business and
various other types of organizations, including
government agencies, non-profit organizations,
and educational institutions.
 Managerial Concerns:
– Efficiency:
• “Doing things right”
–Getting the most output for the least
inputs
– Effectiveness:
• “Doing the right things”
–Attaining organizational goals
Effectiveness & Efficiency in
Management
 Who are Managers?
• Manager is someone who
coordinates and oversees the
work of other people so that
organizational goals can be
accomplished.

• Managers are individuals within

an organization who are
responsible for planning,
organizing, leading, and
controlling resources to achieve
the organization's goals and
objectives.
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• They play a crucial role in overseeing various
aspects of an organization's operations and
ensuring that the work is carried out efficiently
and effectively.
• Managers can be found at different levels within
an organization, and their specific titles and
responsibilities may vary based on the
organization's size, structure, and industry.
Classification/Types of Managers

Top-Level Managers

Middle-Level Managers

Front-Line Managers

Project Managers

Functional Managers

General Managers
 Classification/Types of Managers
1. Top-Level Managers:
• These are typically the highest-ranking executives
in an organization, such as CEOs (Chief
Executive Officers), Presidents, and Vice
Presidents.
• They are responsible for setting the overall
strategic direction of the organization, making
major decisions, and ensuring that the
organization achieves its long-term goals.
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2. Middle-Level Managers:
• Middle managers, often referred to as department
heads, directors, or managers, are responsible for
specific functional areas or departments within
the organization.

• They translate the organization's strategic goals

into actionable plans and oversee the work of
their teams to achieve departmental objectives.
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3. Front-Line Managers:
• Front-line managers, also known as supervisors,
team leaders, or first-line managers, are
responsible for managing the day-to-day activities
of employees who directly produce goods or
provide services.

• They play a critical role in ensuring that tasks are

completed efficiently and that employees have the
necessary resources and support to perform their
jobs effectively.
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4. Project Managers:
• Project managers are responsible for planning,
executing, and controlling specific projects within
the organization.

• They work to ensure that projects are completed

on time, within budget, and in accordance with
project objectives.
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5. Functional Managers:
• These managers oversee a specific function
within the organization, such as marketing,
finance, human resources, operations, or
information technology.

• They focus on managing resources and processes

within their functional area to contribute to the
organization's overall success.
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6. General Managers:
• In some cases, individuals may hold the title of
"General Manager" and

• Have broad responsibility for the overall

performance of a business unit, division, or
branch of an organization.
 What Managers Do?
• Managers play a critical role in organizations
by performing a wide range of tasks and
responsibilities to ensure the efficient and
effective achievement of the organization's
goals and objectives.

• Managers often possess a combination of

technical expertise, leadership skills, and
decision-making abilities.
Functions & Activities of Managers
Key functions & activities that Managers
typically perform:

Decision- Resource
Planning Making Mgt.

Organizing
Communi Strategic
cation Thinking

Leading
Team
Building

Controlling
Problem
Solving
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1. Planning:
▪ Setting organizational goals and objectives.

▪ Developing strategies and plans to achieve

these goals.

▪ Creating budgets and allocating resources.

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2. Organizing:
▪ Designing the organizational structure and
hierarchy.

▪ Allocating responsibilities and tasks to employees

or teams.

▪ Establishing workflows and processes to ensure

work is carried out efficiently.
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3. Leading:
▪ Providing leadership and direction to employees
or team members.
▪ Motivating and inspiring individuals to work
toward common goals.
▪ Communicating the organization's vision,
mission, and objectives.
▪ Coaching and developing employees to enhance
their skills and capabilities.
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4. Controlling:
▪ Monitoring progress toward goals and objectives.
▪ Measuring performance against established
benchmarks and key performance indicators
(KPIs).
▪ Analyzing variances and taking corrective actions
when necessary.
▪ Implementing quality control measures to ensure
products or services meet standards.
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5. Decision-Making:
▪ Making critical decisions that impact the
organization's direction and success.
▪ Evaluating alternative courses of action and their
potential outcomes.
▪ Balancing risks and rewards when making
choices.
▪ Collaborating with other stakeholders to reach
consensus on decisions.
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6. Communication:
• Facilitating effective communication within the
organization.

• Relaying important information, policies, and

changes to employees.

• Listening to feedback and concerns from

employees and addressing them.
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7. Team Building:
• Building and managing teams to work cohesively
toward common goals.

• Fostering a positive work environment and

culture.

• Resolving conflicts and promoting collaboration

among team members.
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8. Problem-Solving:
• Identifying and analyzing problems or challenges
within the organization.

• Developing and implementing solutions to

address issues.

• Continuously improving processes and

operations.
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9. Resource Management:
• Allocating and managing financial resources,
including budgets and expenses.

• Allocating human resources, including hiring,

training, and performance management.

• Managing physical resources, such as equipment

and facilities.
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10. Strategic Thinking:
• Evaluating long-term trends and opportunities in
the external environment.

• Formulating and adjusting the organization's long-

term strategies.

• Adapting to changes in the industry and

marketplace.
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• Effective managers are essential to the success

and growth of organizations as they help
ensure that resources are used efficiently and
that the organization adapts to changing
circumstances and challenges.
Reference Books:
• Book Name: Management by
“Stephen P. Robbins” & “Mary Coulter”
(Latest edition)

• Book Name: Management by

“H. Koontz Odonnel” & “H.Weihrich”
(Latest edition)
Reference Books:

• Book Name: Management Foundation and

Practice by: “Mc Farland” (Latest edition)

• Book Name: The New Management by:

“Robert M. Fulmer” (Latest edition)
THANK YOU