THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODEL OF A

NEW THIN-PLATE LEAD-ACID BATTERY

Jérémy Lannelongue
PhD Student
(with M. Cugnet & A. Kirchev)

15/10/2015 | 1
 CONTEXT

THIN-PLATE TECHNOLOGY
FOR LEAD-ACID BATTERIES

~ 3 mm

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 MODELISATION : GEOMETRY

Positive Negative

Separators Electrolyte

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 MODELISATION : HYPOTHESIS

84 domains
• Hypothesis : remove collectors (ex : positive)
- High mesh cost
- Low influence (at low rate)

Ti grid

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 MODELISATION : HYPOTHESIS

84 domains
• Hypothesis : remove collectors (ex : positive)
- High mesh cost
- Low influence (at low rate)

64 elements/
x 1 495

95680 elements

J = 10,7 A.m-2

Collector :
Ohmic Loss ≅ mV

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 MODELISATION : HYPOTHESIS

84 domains
• Hypothesis : remove collectors (ex : positive)
- High mesh cost
- Low influence (at low rate)

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 MODELISATION : PHYSICS

84 domains
•• Hypothesis
Hypothesis : suppress collectors
: remove collectors (ex : positive)
• Physics implementation
• Physics implementing
 Ohm’s law (solid/liquid) (1)
 Porosity
Ohm’s(2)law (solid (1)/liquid)
 Material
Porosity (2)
balance
 Material balance

𝛿𝜑𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑑
(𝟏) 𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑛 − 𝜖𝑎𝑒𝑥𝑚 𝜎 −𝐼 =0
𝛿𝑥

𝜕𝜖 𝛿𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑛 1 𝑅𝑏,𝑒
(𝟐) − 𝑉𝑎 𝑠𝑎,𝑒 + 𝑉𝑏 𝑠𝑏,𝑒 + 𝑉𝑎 𝑠𝑎,𝑠 + 𝑉𝑏 𝑠𝑏,𝑠 = 0
𝜕𝑡 𝛿𝑥 𝑛𝐹 𝑠𝑏,𝑠

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 MODELISATION : PHYSICS

84 domains
• Hypothesis : remove collectors
• Physics implementing
Parameters, Variables & Selections

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 MODELISATION : MESH

Physics-controlled mesh User-controlled mesh User-controlled mesh

Coarser size Mapped 1 & Distribution 1 Mapped 2 & Distribution 2
57 107 elements 13 860 elements 4 032 elements
1h10min 15min

EFFICIENT MESH = TIME GAIN

• User-controlled mesh
• Mapped & Swept
• Distribution
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 RESULTS

Discharge + rest : first results

DISCHARGE

Cell potential (V)

DISCHARGE
Utilization

DISCHARGE : PbO2 + Pb + 2H2SO4- 2PbSO4 + 2H2O

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 RESULTS

Discharge + rest : first results

Negative potential (V)

Positive potential (V)

PbO2 + HSO4− + 3H+ + 2e− → PbSO4 + 2H2O Pb + HSO4− → PbSO4 + H+ + 2e−

• Lack of acid (+ & -)

• Inappropriate surface coverage (-)
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 RESULTS

• PAM & NAM thicknesses / Porosity

Adjustments • Electrolyte volume
• Coverage factor
Cell potential (V)

Cell potential (V)

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 RESULTS

• PAM & NAM thicknesses / Porosity

Adjustments • Electrolyte volume
• Coverage factor

Negative potential (V)

Positive potential (V)

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 RESULTS

Acid concentration
• Heterogeneous consumption
• Critical volume

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 CONCLUSIONS & PERSPECTIVES

Conclusions
• Importance of Hypothesis / Mesh / Parameters
• Determine precisely the key parameters :
- AM thicknesses
- Porosity
- Exchange current etc
• Better understanding of the reaction (Acid consumption)

Perspectives
• Add Physics (heat transfer, nucleation and growth)
• Modelisation of Discharge at high rate
• Move to 2D ?

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 Thank you
for your attention

Commissariat à l’énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives Direction de la Recherche Technologique

INES RDI | Savoie Technolac – BP332 – 50 avenue du Lac Léman
73377 Le Bourget-du-Lac Département des Technologies Solaires
T. +33 (0)4 79 79 20 66
Email : jeremy.lannelongue@cea.fr Service Stockage et Systèmes électriques

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