R r institute of modern

technology Bkt-lucknow
TOPIC-CNC MACHINE (COMPUTER
NUMERICAL CONTROL MACHINE)

SUBMITTED TO- SUBMITTED BY-

Mr. SHASHANK DIXIT SIR NAME- VIKASH KUSHWAHA

ROLL NO.- 2103610400073
11
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BRANCH – ME 3RD YEAR

CNC MACHINE:
 CONTENT
➢ HISTORY
➢ CNC INTRODUCTION
➢ ELEMENTS OF CNC
➢ BLOCK DIAGRAM OF CNC
➢ TYPE OF CNC MACHINE
➢ HOW CNC WORKS ?
➢ FEATURES OF CNC MACHINE
➢ CNC PROGRAMMING BASICS
➢ PROGRAMMING KEY LETTERS
➢ ADVANTAGES
➢ CHALLENGES
➢ CONCLUSION
➢ REFERENCES
 HISTORY
❖ The first CNC machine were built in the 1940s
and 1950s by Prof. John T Parson.
❖ CNC machine came into existence after
evolution of computer around 1980.
❖ Modern CNC machine are improving further as
the technology is changing with a variety of
functions according to applications.
Introduction of cnc:

A numerical control
system in which the
data handling, control
sequence and
response to input is
determined by an on-
board computer
system at the machine
tool.
Elements of cnc machine:

➢ A CNC machine consist of following 6 major elements:

1. Input Device
2. Machine Control Unit
3. Machine Tool
4. Driving System
5. Feedback Devices
6. Display Unit
Block diagram of cnc machine:
 Types of cnc machine:
1.Plasma
2.Spring Forming
3.Laser Cutting Machine
4.Flame Cutting Machine
5.Electric Discharge Machine
6.Water Jet
7.Welding
8.CNC Punch Machine
 HOW CNC WORKS:
➢ Controlled by G and M codes.
➢ These are number values and co-ordinates.
➢ Each number or code is assigned to a
particular operation.
➢ Typed in manually to CAD by machine
operators.
➢ G and M codes are automatically generated
by the computer software.
fEatures of cnc machine:
➢ The tool or material moves are automatically.
➢ Tools can operate in x and z axis.
➢ Larger machines have a machine control unit
(MCU) which manages operations.
➢ Movement is controlled by motors.
➢ Feedback is provided by sensors.
➢ Tool magazines are used to change tools
automatically.
CNC PROGRAMMING BASICS:
➢ CNC instructions are called part program
commands.
➢ When running, a part program is interpreted one
command line at a time all lines are completed.
➢ Commands, which are also referred to as blocks,
are made up of words which each begin with a
letter address and end with a numerical value.
PROGRAMMING KEY LETTERS:
1. O- Program number
2. N- Sequence number
3. G- Preparatory function
4. X-X axis direction
5. Z-Z axis direction
6. R- Radius designation
7. F- Feed rate designation
8. S- Spindle speed designation
9. H- Tool length offset designation
10. D- Tool radius offset designation
11. T- Tool designation
12. M- Miscellaneous function
Advantages of cnc:

1. Easier to program.
2. Easy storage of existing programs.
3. Easy to change a program.
4.Avoid human errors.
5. CNC machines are safe to operate.
challenges:

1. Costly setup, skilled operators.

2. Computers, programming knowledge required.
3. Maintenance is difficult.
 conclusion
➢ The advantage ofa CNC system are that the operation of a
conventional machine is removed and the part production is
made automatic.
➢ It reduces the labour work and hence highly efficient in the
manufacturing process.
➢ Industries generally uses CNC machine to achieve its
manufacturing targets. For manufacturing works of large scale it
is very difficult to work with manual machines as they are time
consuming.
➢ CNC machines have their wide scope
because they are easy to handle, the work
becomes easier and job are done with
perfection.
REFERENCES:
➢ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/computer_numerical
_control
➢ http://www.motioncontrol.com/articles/gearheads-
modular
➢ http://www.seminarprojects.com/cnc