EXERCISE 1

1. He was annoyed because his secretary came late to work.

He objected to his secretary coming late to work.

2. Mrs. Scott is proud of her cooking.

Mrs. Scott prides herself on her cooking

3. What a surprise to see you here!

Fancy seeing you here.

4. Please take a seat

Would you please take a seat?

Would you mind taking a seat?

5. “You damaged my bicycle, John!” said Margaret.

Margaret accused John of damaging her bicycle.

6. John Spike failed to find the source of the River Nile.

John Spike didn’t succeed in finding the source of the River

John Spike didn’t manage to find the source of the River Nile

7. The doctor advised me to rest.

The doctor suggested that I (should) rest.

The doctor suggested me resting.

8. Many people were delayed because of the traffic jam.

A number of people were delayed by the traffic jam.

9. I am afraid I’m still having problems with understanding life in NY.

I am not used to living in NY

10. Jane does not play tennis as well as she used to.

Jane used to play tennis better than she does now.

11. It isn’t necessary for you to finish by Saturday.

 You don’t need to finish by Saturday.

12. Mrs. Edwards is the owner of that car.

That car belongs to Mrs. Edwards.

13. My French friend finds driving on the left difficult.

My French friend isn’t accustomed to driving on the left.

14. I’m always nervous when I travel by air.

Travelling by air always makes me nervous.

15. Collecting dolls from foreign countries is one of Janets’s interests.

Janet is interested in collecting dolls from foreign countries.

16. “I am sorry I gave you the wrong number,” said Paul to Susan.

Paul apologized to Susan for giving Susan the wrong number.

17. The flight to Moscow lasted three and a half hours.

It took three and a half hours to fly to Moscow.

18. “You stole the jewels!” the inspector said to him.

The inspector accused him of stealing the jewels.

19. Most of a child’s life is spent in playing.

A child spends most of his life playing.

20. It’s extremely difficult for us to make ends meets these days.

We find it difficult to make ends meet today.

21. I don’t want to go to the party tonight

I don’t feel like going to the party tonight.

22. I wish I hadn’t told him what we were planning to do.

I regret telling him what we were planning to do

23. It is interesting to go out with friends at weekends

Going out with friends at weekends is interesting.

24. The long walk is very tiring

They are tired of the long walk.

25. I don’t read newspaper any more

I’ve given up reading newspaper.

26. He looks older when he wears glasses

Glasses make him look older.

27. Did you manage to solve the problem?

Did you succeed in solving the problem.

28. The street was flooded after the heavy rain, so I did not go to work

The flood street prevented me from going to work

29. My parents find fault with everything I do.

No matter what I do, my parents find fault with it.

30. You can use it as long as you like, and it won’t wear out.

No matter how long you use it, it won’t wear out.

EXERCISE 2
1. The only way you can become a good athlete is by training hard everyday.

Only by training hard every day can you become …..

2. It was only when I left home that I realized how much my father meant to me.

Not until I had left home did I realize how much……

3. He never suspected that the money had been stolen.

At no time did he suspect that the money had been stolen.

4. They had to wait for twelve hours before their flight left.

Only after a twelve hours wait did the flight leave.

5. The result of the match was never in doubt

 At no time was the result of the match in doubt.

6. I had only just put the phone down when the boss rang back.

Hardly had I put the phone down when the boss ……

7. I write to him almost every day.

Hardly a day passes without my/me writing to him.

8. There are more people out of work in this country than ever before.

Never have there been more people out of work in this country

9. We only dispatch goods after receiving the money.

Only after the money is received, do we dispatch goods.

10. Shirley didn’t begin to read until she was eight.

It wasn’t until she was eight that Shirley began to read.

11. Everyone started complaining the moment the announcement was made.

No sooner had the announcement been made than everyone started complaining.

EXERCISE 3
1. Staying at home would be better than going out tonight

I’d rather stay at home than go out tonight.

2. I advise you to wear a coat when you go out (had better)

I had better you wore a coat when you go out.

3. Hoa prefers to play ping pong (would rather)

Hoa would rather play ping pong.

4. It is high time for us to go home

It is high time we went home.

5. Those students arrived late because they had an accident

Because of an accident, those students arrived late.

6. Tom was worried because of the heavy traffic

Because the traffic was heavy, Tom was worried.

7. We didn’t expect you, but we’re glad you’ve come

Although we didn’t expect you, we’re glad you’ve come.

8. He passes the test though he was frequently absent from class

In spite of being frequently absent from class, he passes…..

9. Although the play erreceived good notices, not many people went to see it

Despite receiving good notices, not many people ……..

10. Daisy’s father was very busy, but he still played with her.

Busy as/ though Daisy’s father was, he still played ……..

11. I learnt English so that I can talk to foreigners

I learnt English so as to be able to talk to foreigners.

12. Our grandparents often worked hard on the farm when they were young (used to)

Our grandfather used to work hard on the farm when …..

13. It is quite pointless to complain.

There’s no point/ sense in complaining.

14. I don’t really like her, even though I admire her achievements.

Much as I admire her achievements, I don’t really like her.

15. We were very impressed by the new cinema but we found it rather expensive.

Impressed as/ though we were by the new …….

16. The children couldn’t go swimming because the sea was very rough

The sea was too rough for the children to go swimming/ to swim.

17. The question was so difficult that no one could answer it

It was such a difficult question that no one could answer it.

18. Peter is too ill to get up

 Peter is so ill that he can’t get up.

19. She can’t have more children because of her age

She is too old to have more children.

She is not young enough to have more children.

20. It is such a heavy book that I can’t lift it

The book is so heavy that I can’t lift it.

21. You can eat as much as you like for $5 at the new lunch-bar.

There is no limit/ restriction on how much/ what you can eat at the new lunch-bar.

22. You really should be able to dress yourself by now.

It’s high time you were able to dress yourself.

23. We left quietly so that we wouldn’t disturb the children.

So as not to disturb the children, we left quietly.

24. For a teacher of her experience and ability, discipline was not a problem.

For such an experienced and able teacher discipline was not a problem.

25. Her grief was so great that she almost fainted

So great was her grief that she almost fainted.

26. She prefers Italian food to French food.

She’d rather Italian food than French food.

EXERCISE 4
1. They are washing my father’s new car

My father’s new car is being washed.

2. People say that he is a famous singer

It is said that he is a famous singer.

He is said to be a famous singer.

3. People say that he was a famous singer

It is said that he was a famous singer.

He is said to have been a famous singer.

4. Mrs Ha told Ba to carry those books back home

Mrs Ha had Ba carry those books back home.

5. They did not finish the kitchen on Monday.

The kitchen wasn’t finished on Monday.

6. The ancient Egyptians built the pyramids

The pyramids were built by the ancient Egyptians.

7. She hasn’t finished the letter yet

This letter hasn’t been finished yet.

8. I’ll ask someone to make a new dress

I’ll have someone make a new dress

I’ll have a new dress made

9. The bridge might be built in a hurry

People might build the bridge in a hurry.

10. You are not permitted to smoke in the hall

Smoking is not permitted in the hall.

11. They need to repaint their living room.

Their living room needs to be repainted.

Their living room needs repainting

12. Somebody should tell him.

He needs to be told by someone.

13. They believe the students were educated in Canada.

 The students are believed to have been educated in Canada

14. We may not be able to give the concert.

The concert may have to be cancelled.

15. It is essential that Professor Van is/ be met at the airport

Professor Van must be met at the airport.

16. They never made us do anything we didn’t want to do.

We were never made to do anything we didn’t want to.

17. Experts think that all dogs evolved from wolves.

All dogs are thought to have evolved from wolves.

18. The mechanic serviced my car last week.

I had/ got my car serviced last week.

19. My parents let me go abroad alone for the first time last year.

I was allowed to go abroad alone for the first time last year.

20. If the work is finished by lunchtime you can go home.

Get the work finished by lunchtime and you can go home.

EXERCISE 5
1. He said, “I wish I knew the answer.”

He said that he wished he knew the answer.

2. Peter said he wasn’t feeling well.

Peter said: ‘I am not feeling well’

3. “Can I borrow your typewriter, Janet?” asked Peter.

Peter asked if he could borrow Janet’s typewriter.

4. Ronald denied stealing Mrs. Clark’s handbag.

Ronald said that he had not stolen Mrs. Clark’s handbag.

5. “John, please don’t tell anyone about my new address”, said Mary.

Mary asked John not to tell anyone her new address.

6. “Please don’t drive so fast!” Ann begged her boyfriend.

Ann pleaded with her boyfriend not to drive so fast.

7. “You should take more exercise, Mr. Roberts,” the doctor said, if you want to lose weight.

The doctor advised Mr. Roberts to take more exercise if he wanted to lose weight.

8. “Will I ever find a job?” Tim said to himself.

Tim wondered if he would find a job.

9. The patient recovered more rapidly than expected.

The patient made a more rapid recovery than expected.

10. My boss works better when he’s pressed for time.

The less time my boss has, the better he works.

11. The house seemed to have been unoccupied for several months.

It looked as if the house had been unoccupied for …….

12. What a shame he wasn’t able to come.

I wish he had been able to come.

13. I didn’t understand what he was saying because I hadn’t read his book.

If I had read his book I would have understood what he was….

14. If you missed the program, you can’t really judge.

Unless you watched the program, you can’t really judge.

15. If his solicitor hadn’t advised him, he would have made a serious mistake.

Had it not been for the advice of his solicitor, he would ….

16. You might fall if you’re more careful.

Be careful or you will fall

17. John is fat because he eats so many chips.

 If John didn’t eat so many chips, he would not be so fat.

18. It was his incompetence which led to their capture.

If it hadn’t been for his incompetence, they wouldn’t have been captured.

19. The only thing that makes this job worthwhile is the money.

Were it not for the money, this job wouldn’t be worthwhile.

20. Thanks to his aunt’s legacy of $100.000 he was able to buy the house he wanted.

Had his aunt not died and left him a legacy of $100.000, he would not have been able to buy
the house he wanted.

21. This book is very boring and so is that one

This book is as boring as that one.

22. It is not as warm in Canada as it is in Mexico

Mexico is warmer than Canada.

23. If you do a lot of exercise, you will get healthy

The more exercise you do, the healthier you will get.

24. No one in the group is younger than her

She is the youngest in the group.

25. No matter how hard I tried I couldn’t open the door.

Try as hard as I might I couldn’t open the door.

26. Susan likes staying in hotels but she prefers camping.

Susan doesn’t like staying in hotels as much as she enjoys camping

27. He could not afford to buy the car.

The car cost more than he could afford.

28. You will never meet anyone more generous than Mrs. Johns.

Mrs. Johns is the most generous person you’ve ever met.

29. She knows a lot more about it than I do.

I don’t know as/ so much about it as she does.

30. He could not afford to buy the car.

The car cost more than he could afford.

The car was too expensive for him to buy.

EXERCISE 6
1. We were told to wait here by the director.

It was the director who told us to wait here.

2. Michael laughed when I told him the joke.

The joke that I told Michael made him laugh.

3. Temperature is measured by a thermometer.

A thermometer is s.t which is used for measuring temperature.

4. In Stratford-on-Avon we saw Shakespeare’s birthplace.

We saw the house in Stratford-on-Avon where Shakespeare was born.

5. The people who were at the meeting will say nothing to the press.

Nobody who was at the meeting will say anything to the press.

6. I haven’t seen this man here before

This is the first time I have seen this man here.

7. Tom and Mary moved to Paris 20 years ago

It is 20 years since Tom and Mary (have) moved to Paris

8. It started to rain at 2 PM

It has rained since 2 PM

9. They have learnt English for 3 years

They began learning English 3 years ago.

10. I was not surprised to hear that Harry had failed his driving test
 It came as no surprise to me to hear that Harry had ……..

11. It hasn’t rained for a fortnight.

The last time it rained was a fortnight ago.

12. Mackenzie wrote four best-sellers before he was twenty.

By the age of twenty Mackenzie had written 4 best-sellers.

13. She started working as a secretary five years ago.

She has worked as a secretary for five years.

14. Laurence hasn’t seen his sister since she left for Japan.

Laurence last saw his sister was when she left for Japan.

15. He was the first man who left the burning building (REDUCE FORM OF RELATIV CLAUSE)

He was the first man to have left the burning building

16. A pacifist is a person who believes that all wars are wrong.

(REDUCE FORM OF RELATIV CLAUSE)

A pacifist is a person believing that all wars are wrong.

17. Mr. Bake will buy the house __WHICH/ THAT__ is opposite to my house

18. Alexander Fleming _WHO/ THAT_ discovered penicillin received the Nobel Prize in 1945

19. The tree _WHOSE_ branches are dry should be cut down.

20. Kark Marx _WHOSE__ theories have changed the world’s history is the German Philosopher.

21. You have to take care of the books _WHICH/ THAT_ you borrowed from the library

22. The book _WHICH/ THAT__ I need can’t be found in the library.

23. The decision was postponed _THAT_ was exactly what I wanted

24. I was sitting in a chair _WHICH/ THAT_ suddenly collapsed.

25. The film was about a spy __WHOSE__ wife betrays him.