TUTORIAL 2 – LIMBA ENGLEZĂ 4

Ex.1 Choose one of the underlined words/ expressions.

1. Simone was talking about to grow / growing up in Tanzania. She has had such an interesting life!
2. I need him to help / helping me lift this heavy box.
3. Thank you for coming / to come to the meeting on such short notice.
4. I suggest to visit / visiting Japan when the cherry trees are in bloom.
5. We hired professional translators translating / to translate the documents into Arabic and Chinese.
6. After work, I always go to jog / jogging. I'm a fitness freak!
7. His interest in to learn / learning languages is very impressive.
8. I don't mind your friend Sally's coming / Sally to come along with us. Why don't you invite her and her husband?
9. Roberta is getting tired of to do / doing the same old job day in and day out. I think she is going to quit!
10. Health professionals encourage people eating / to eat less red meat.
11. Agatha invited me to spend / spending the summer at her family's home in Costa Rica.
12. I didn't believe Camille's story about finding / to find a rattlesnake in her bed.
13. The terrible weather forced us changing / to change our plans.
14. Diane has been scared of swimming / to swim in the ocean ever since she saw the movie "Jaws."
15. I don't know how you got my son to eat / eating his broccoli. He hates vegetables!
16. I went bungee jumping / to bungee jump when I was in New Zealand. It was awesome!
17. Sally loves to go to window shop / window shopping in her free time. She doesn't usually buy anything, she just
likes to look.
18. What do you think about Sarah's and Doug's getting / Sarah and Doug to get married just one week after they
met? Isn't that crazy?
19. I urge you reconsidering / to reconsider your decision.
20. His reasons for to choose / choosing to study Latin were always unclear to me
21. Michael's talent for choosing / to choose the right investments made him rich.
22. Katie's talking caused me making / to make a mistake.
23. I'm bored of doing / to do the same old thing every weekend.
24. Neil Armstrong is famous for being / to be the first man to walk on the Moon.
25. The zoo keeper allowed us petting / to pet the cheetah.
26. I went to snorkel / snorkeling in Hawaii. It was spectacular!
27. Carrie reminded me to call / calling Dave and Stacey and invite them over for dinner.
28. The little girl pretended being / to be sick, so that she didn't have to go to school.
29. She took up playing / to play the piano at the age of six.
30. Constance denied being / to be related to the royal family.
31. The certification program requires me taking / to take several tests.
32. The certification program requires my to take / taking several tests.
33. I told the others to meet / meeting me at the beach after work. Why don't you come along?
34. Robin talked me into participating / to participate in the 24-hour dance marathon.
35. He appreciated our helping / us to help him prepare for the Halloween party.
36. To go/ Going skydiving tomorrow will test how brave you are.
37. Don't you need to take / taking a break? You've been working non-stop for over 8 hours!
38. Our arriving / Us to arrive late would be an insult to our dinner hosts.
39. Beth was excited about meeting/ to meet the world famous photographer.
40. How did you manage getting / to get tickets for that concert? It has been sold out for months.

Ex. 2 Choose the correct relative pronoun (who, which, whose).

1. This is the bank ______ was robbed yesterday.

2. A boy ______ sister is in my class was in the bank at that time.
3. The man ______ robbed the bank had two pistols.
4. He wore a mask ______ made him look like Mickey Mouse.
5. He came with a friend _______ waited outside in the car.
6. The woman _______ gave him the money was young.
7. The bag _______ contained the money was yellow.
8. The people _______ were in the bank were very frightened.
9. A man _______ mobile was ringing did not know what to do.
10. A woman _______ daughter was crying tried to calm her.
11. The car _______ the bank robbers escaped in was orange.
12. The robber _______ mask was obviously too big didn't drive.
13. The man _______ drove the car was nervous.
14. He didn't wait at the traffic lights _______ were red.
15. A police officer _______ car was parked at the next corner stopped and arrested them.

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Ex. 3 Decide whether the relative pronouns must be used or not (if the relative pronoun is necessary or
not).

1. A calendar is something which tells you the date.

2. Strikers are soccer players who try to score goals for their team.
3. Jane is a person who everybody likes.
4. A stamp is something which you put on a letter if you want to send it.
5. The Thames is a river which runs through London.
6. Cheese is food which mice like eating.
7. A racket is something which you use to hit a ball when you play tennis or badminton.
8. Socks are things which you wear on your feet.
9. A guide is a person who shows tourists around a place.
10. Love is a feeling which nobody can describe.

Ex. 4 Study the situations and then decide whether the following relative clauses are defining or non-
defining (defining – no commas; non-defining – commas)

1. I have three brothers.

My brother who lives in Sidney came to see me last month.
My brother, who lives in Sidney, came to see me last month.
2. I have one sister.
My sister who is 25 years old spent her holiday in France.
My sister, who is 25 years old, spent her holiday in France.
3. Bob's mum has lost her keys.
Bob's mum who is a musician has lost her car keys.
Bob's mum, who is a musician, has lost her car keys.
4. My friend Jane moved to Canada.
My friend Jane whose husband is Canadian moved to Canada last week.
My friend Jane, whose husband is Canadian, moved to Canada last week.
5. I am a shoe fanatic.
The shoes which I bought yesterday are very comfortable.
The shoes, which I bought yesterday, are very comfortable.
6. Mr Robinson is very famous.
Mr Robinson whom I met at the trade fair is a famous inventor.
Mr Robinson, whom I met at the trade fair, is a famous inventor.
7. Tamara has two cats. Both of them are black.
Tamara's two cats which can play outside are black.
Tamara's two cats, which can play outside, are black.
8. Kevin has four cats. Two of them are black.
Kevin's two cats which are black can play outside.
Kevin's two cats, which are black, can play outside.
9. We are on holiday. Yesterday we visited a church.
The church which we visited yesterday is very old.
The church, which we visited yesterday, is very old.
10. We are on holiday. Yesterday we visited a church.
St. Mary's Church which we visited yesterday is very old.
St. Mary's Church, which we visited yesterday, is very old.

Ex. 5 Choose the correct relative pronoun or relative adverb (WHO, WHICH, WHOSE, WHERE, WHEN).

1. A castle is a place ______a king or queen lives.

2. An actress is a woman ______ plays in films or theatre plays.
3. This is the girl _______ mother is from Canada.
4.This is the time of the year _______ many people suffer from hayfever.
5.The flowers _______ grow in the garden are beautiful.

Ex. 6 Decide whether the relative pronoun is necessary or not.

1. This is the picture that Jane painted.

2. Do you know the man who is speaking on the phone?
3. We ate the sweets which my mother had bought.
4. Is this the boy who plays the piano?
5. This is the house that was broken into.
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Ex. 7 Complete the sentences using a relative clause.

1. Catherine and Sue are two girls (like dancing)

2. My mobile phone is something (be very important to me)
3. Antony is a friend of mine (live in Boston)
4. West Side Story is a musical (be very famous)
5. An airport is a place (planes land)

Ex. 8 Combine the sentences using relative clauses without relative pronouns.

1. We bought a car last week. The car is blue.

The car
2. The girl is a singer. We met her at the party.
The girl
3. The bananas are on the table. George bought them.
The bananas
4. We watched a film last night. It was really scary.
The film
5. I have to learn new words. They are very difficult.
The new words

Ex. 9. Fill in with at / in / NO PREP / on OR until

1. Jane is arriving ___ January 26 ___2 o'clock _______the afternoon.

2. It snows here every year _______December. We always go outside and play in the snow _______Christmas
day.
3. Michael is leaving _______Friday _______noon.
4. Frankie started working for her law firm _______1995.
5. Franklin began working on the project _______yesterday.
6. Normally, _______New Year's Eve, it's tradition to kiss the one you love _______midnight.
7 Don't be ridiculous; there were no telephones _______the seventeenth century! The telephone was invented
_______the 1870s.
8. The plane leaves _______tomorrow morning _______8:00 AM.
9. The hills here are covered with wildflowers _______early spring.
10. We met at the restaurant _______6:30 and stayed _______10:30.

Ex. 10. Choose the correct words in the following text.

(NOT SO) MERRY-GO-ROUND!

The customers at the funfair were leaving (and/but) the lights were going out. The last two people on dodgem cars
paid (and/so) left. The big wheel stopped (for/and) the merry-go-round stopped (as well/not only). The stalls closed
down (so/and) the stall-owners went home. At 2 a.m. four night watchmen walked round the funfair, (but/so) there
was no one to be seen. "I'm fed up walking round," one of them said, ("yet/what) what can we do?" "We can
(or/either) play cards (either/or) sit and talk." They were bored, (so/for) there was nothing to do on this quiet warm
night. "We can have a ride on the merry-go-round!" one of them cried. "That'll be fun!" Three of them jumped on
merry-go-round horses (yet/and) the fourth started the motor. Then he jumped on too (and/but) round they went.
They were having the time of their lives, (but/so) suddenly realized there was no one to stop the machine. They
weren't rescued till morning (and/but) by then they felt very sick indeed!

Ex. 11. Match the sentences in A) and B).

A.
1. I took my raincoat and umbrella ...
2. I still won't be able to get to a meeting at 8.30 ...
3. The team is likely to do well this season ...
4. The building work is still on schedule ...
5. We've decided not to go on holiday this year ...
6. The council have planted trees at the side of the road ...
7. The parcel had been delayed ...
8. We've put a table and chair in the spare bedroom ...
9. She didn't have to be at work until 10.00 that morning...
10.We had to queue for two hours ...
B.
a. ... because we want to save money for a new car.
b. ... and so she called in on her sister.
c. ... as the weather forecast was so bad.
d. ... despite a problem in digging the foundations.
e. ... but we really enjoyed visiting the Eiffel Tower.
f. ... because Davies is its captain.
g. ... because of the postal workers’ strike.
h. ... in an attempt to reduce traffic noise.
i. ... whether or not I catch an earlier train.
j. ... to give Dave somewhere private to study before his exams.
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Ex. 12. Choose the correct alternative.

1. The road was under water. The Police _______ closed it to traffic. (therefore / due to)
2. A strike by air traffic controllers has begun. Many flights have __________ been cancelled. ( since /
consequently)
3. Olivia booked a babysitter_________ she could go out for the evening. ( to / so that)
4. I’ve got no money,______ I’ve got to earn more. (so / in order to)
5. I turned the heating on ________ it was cold. ( because / because of)
6. Melanie was hurrying _____ catch the bus. (for / to)
7. It was cold, ________ I turned the heating on. ( so / however)
8. The government took several measures ________ reduce crime. ( to / in order to)
9. The staff are working at weekends _________ complete the project. ( so that / so as to)
10. Jessica was hurrying ___________ miss the train. (in order to / in order not to)
11. I’ll give you a map _________ you can find the way back. ( so as to / so that )
12. ___________ it was raining, I stayed home. ( because of / since)
13. _____________ the rain, I stayed home. ( because of/ despite )

Ex. 13. Choose the correct alternative.

1. Nate deserved winning/ to win the prize for writing to write that amazing short story about traveling to
travel through Peru. I don't understand him not to receive / his not receiving the award.
2. I can't believe you wanted going / to go fishing / to fish, and you forgot to bring /bringing a fishing pole.
How did you expect to catch /catching any fish? Were you just going to sit in the river to try / trying catching / to
catch fish with your bare hands? You would have had a hard time to do / doing that!
3. Vince is determined to save / saving enough money traveling / to travel to South Africa next year. If he
avoids wasting / to waste his money and manages to save / saving what he needs to make / making the trip, he
plans on leaving / to leave in June.
4. When Sam mentioned wanting / to want going / to go swimming / to swim, Nina warned his not going /
him not to go into the river. She explained that the national park did not allow visitors' swimming / visitors to swim
for several reasons. The number one reason for not to permit / not permitting visitors swimming / to swim was the
large number of crocodiles in the park.
5. The Oscar-winning actor avoids talking / to talk to his fans and refuses to give / giving his autograph.
Moreover, he has difficulty giving / to give interviews and appears having / to have problems to interact / interacting
with other people. Doesn't he seem way too shy being / to be an actor?
6. Simone and Michael discussed about to go / going to Tahiti on their honeymoon, but they had very
different opinions about visiting / to visit such an expensive destination. Michael said that after such a costly
wedding, he couldn't see to spend / spending so much money on a vacation. Simone defended their going / them
to go to Tahiti by arguing / to argue that a honeymoon is a once in a lifetime experience.
7. To use / Using a search engine to look / looking things up on the Internet is a skill that all students need
to learn / learning. That is why the government is urging schools to begin / schools' beginning teaching / to teach
basic computer skills in elementary school. Schools also encourage parents' reinforcing / parents to reinforce these
skills at home by to surf / surfing the Internet together with their children.
8. Samantha kept having / to have problems with her computer at work. Her co-worker Denise suggested to
shut / shutting down the computer and to restart / restarting it to see / seeing if that would solve the problem.
9. Jack's interest in learning / to learn foreign languages is a major factor in his decision to move / moving
to China. One of his life-long goals is to learn / learning to speak / speaking Chinese fluently. To learn/ Learning
Chinese will be quite a challenge, but to live/ living in China should enable his achieving / him to achieve his goal of
mastering / to master the language more quickly.
10. Simon's attempts to find / finding accommodation in Paris were not very successful. He tried calling / to
call every hotel in his guidebook, but he was shocked to discover / discovering they were all full. He called all the
youth hostels finding / to find out if they had any beds, but they were full, too. Another traveler advised him going /
to go to the tourist information office asking / to ask for help, but the office was closed. Although Simon hated the
idea of leaving / to leave Paris without to have seen / having seen anything, the thought of to sleep / sleeping in the
train station or walking / to walk the streets all night convinced him to take / his taking the train to another city to
look / looking for accommodation there.

Ex. 14. Choose the correct expression of purpose in order to / so as not to / to / so that.

1. Concentrate on your exercise _______ make any mistakes.

2. You have to wake up _______ be on time.
3. You have to register _______ participate in the forum.
4. She left work early _______ be at home when he arrives.
5. Ships carry life boats _______ the crew can escape when the ship sinks.
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6. I will go to university _______ that continue my studies.
7. He exercises regularly _______ that be overweight.
8. _______ produce a good essay, you need to edit your writing before you hand it in.
9. She works hard _______ she can earn a living.
10. These men risk their lives _______ we may live more safely.

Ex. 15. Choose the right answer:

1. Although / In spite of she is beautiful, everybody hates her.

2. The children slept deeply although / in spite of the noise.
3. Although / In spite of earning a low salary, Sara helped her parents
4. Jane rarely sees Alan although / in spite of they are neighbors.
5. Kate did not do well in the exam although / in spite of working very hard.
6. Although / In spite of I was very hungry, I couldn't eat.
7. Although / In spite of the difficulty, they managed to solve the math problem.
8. Liza never talked to him although / in spite of she loved him.
9. Although / In spite of it was cold, Marie didn't put on her coat.
10. Clare did the work although / in spite of being ill.
11. Although / In spite of / Because /Because of the weather was bad, we had a good time.
12. Although / In spite of / Because / Because of all our hard work, a lot of things went wrong.
13. Although / In spite of / Because / Because of we had planned everything carefully, a lot of things went wrong.
14. I went to hospital although / in spite of / because / because of I was feeling very ill.
15. I went to work the next day although / in spite of / because / because of I was still feeling ill.
16. She accepted the job although / in spite of / because / because of the low salary.
17. She refused the job although / in spite of / because / because of the low salary.
18. I managed to sleep although / in spite of / because / because of the hotel was noisy.
19. I could not get to sleep although / in spite of / because / because of the noise.
20. He runs fast although /in spite of / because / because of his old age.

Ex. 16. Choose the best answer.

1 ........ he's been really ill lately, he insists on going into work.

A. Even though B. Even if C. Even when

2 I'll never forget you, ........ I live to be 100.

A. even if B. even though C. even when

3 We decided to go to Italy for our holiday, ........ it meant we needed to get our passports renewed.

A. despite B. despite the fact that C. in spite of

4 She decided to travel by plane ........ being very scared of flying.

A. in spite of B. despite the fact C. despite that

5 I'm not going out tonight. ........, I can see you tomorrow if you like.

A. Although B. However C. Yet

6 ........ the car was quite old, it was still very reliable.

A. Since B. Yet C. Although

7 ........ to the party they had last year, this one is great.

A. Contrary B. In contrast C. On the contrary

8 I do not agree with the criticism that her latest film is disappointing. ........, I find it one of her best pieces of work
so far.

A. In contrast B. Contrary C. On the contrary

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Ex. 17. Read the following text and choose the best answer

I have two friends, Ray and Rena. One has a very clear idea about the future, while / though the other is
clueless. Ray is very good at writing, whereas / although Rena is good at mathematics. Rena wants to spend the
next six years getting her masters degree in contrast to / in contrast Ray who only thinks as far as the next
weekend. While / On the one hand Ray is a "people" person, Rena likes to be by herself. On the one hand, Ray is
very organized and neat. Whereas / On the other hand, Rena is disorganized and drops her things everywhere.
While / Although Ray is not clear about what he wants to do now, he may have a better idea in a couple of years.
Ray sprained his ankle, but he's going to play soccer / but he's going to play soccer anyway.
Rena didn't study for her exams, but still / however she managed to pass.
Rena likes to do her work in advance. However/ Regardless of the fact that Ray does his work at the last
minute.
Despite the fact that / In contrast they have different study habits, they both are succeeding.

Ex. 18. Choose the best answer.

1. I worked there for / since a long time.

2 The airline is very reliable - their flights nearly always leave in time / on time.
3 I'm working late today. I'll be in the office until / by 9 p.m.
4 I'm coming back from my holiday after/ in 10 days.
5 The actual / current situation with our customers is very complicated. We are planning a meeting to discuss how
we can solve it.
6 I'm sure they'll pay us at last / eventually but it will take some time. We can't expect the money tomorrow.

Ex. 19. Fill in the following sentences with IN / ON / AT or X (IF NO PREPOSITION IS NEEDED).

1. Don't call me ______ lunch time, please. I won't be able to hear you in the restaurant.
2. You should come ______ time. It's impolite to be late.
3. Could you come ______ Monday morning?
4. I'm going to do the presentation at their company ______ next week.
5. They're getting married ______ two months.
6. This beautiful building was built ______ the 16th century.
7. The situation ______ present is very difficult.
8. John's away on holiday ______ the moment.
9. I've got two days off ______ Easter.
10. We told him about it ______ the following day.
11. You can wait for him. He'll be back ______ ten minutes.
12. The company is closed ______ public holidays.

Ex. 20. Choose the best answer.

1. He planned to stay here by / for / until two weeks but they need him back at work immediately.
2 Could you deliver the new computer monitors until / during / by / over the end of next week? We need them
before next Friday at the latest.
3 I waited for her call during / until / over / for 6 p.m. but she didn't call. I suppose she was busy.
4 No one was allowed to use any written materials by / during / over the exam.
5 I hope he hasn't had an accident. He said he would be here until / during / over /by six but he hasn't come yet.
6 The country's currency has fallen by around 15% over / for / until / by the last year.

7 They had a cup of coffee and relaxed until / over / for / by a while before continuing with their work.
8 My cousins from Germany arrived on Tuesday and they'll be here for / over / during / until the end of next week.
9 By / Until / For / During 8 p.m. I was completely exhausted but there was still a lot to do.
10 I met her for / by / during / over / until my time in Budapest.