TUTORIAL 1 Drept I ID

LIMBA ENGLEZA 1 – 12.11.2017

I. To fill the spaces, use a word formed from the words in the list below.

PARLIAMENT

Parliament consists of two houses: the House of Commons and the House of Lords. The third part of the
(01) ...................... is the Monarchy, which is of (02) ................... (03) ...................... only.
The Lords are not elected. A member of the House of Lords can inherit his position, or he can be made a
member, appointed for his service to the State. The members of the House of Lords receive no salary for
their (04) ...................... work. However, they receive travelling expenses from their homes to Westminster,
together with an (05) ...................... (06) ...................... .
The House of Commons is a (07) ...................... (08)...................... elected by everyone over the age of 18.
Members receive a salary for their work, and are elected. The Commons is presided over by the Speaker
who is elected by the members immediately after a new Parliament is formed.
English politics have been dominated by two parties: the Conservative, or Tory, party, and the Socialist, or
Labour, party. The small Liberal party also has quite a lot of popularity. However, as England does not have
proportional (09) ...................... , small parties are not very (10)......................

01. govern
02. symbol
03. signify
04. parliament
05. attend
06. allow
07. represent
08. assemble
09. represent
10. succeed

II. Read the following text and choose the right explanation for the underlined words:

Constitutional law is the body1 of law which defines the relationship of different entities2 within a state,
namely, the executive, the legislature and the judiciary3.
One of the key tasks4 of constitutions is to indicate hierarchies and relationships of power. For example, in a
unitary5 state, the constitution will vest6 ultimate authority in one central administration and legislature7, and
judiciary, though there is often a delegation8 of power or authority to local or municipal authorities. When a
constitution establishes a federal state, it will identify the several levels of government coexisting with
exclusive or shared areas9 of jurisdiction over lawmaking, application and enforcement10.

1. body the whole physical core

structure that forms a
person or animal
2. entity
3. judiciary
4. task
5. unitary
6. vest
7. legislature
8. delegation
9. area
10. enforcement

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III. Write a letter in each blank to match the words on the left to the definitions on the right.

_____ President a) The leader of a city

_____ Prime Minister b) A king or queen
____ Monarch c) A “member” of a country
_____ Dictator d) A person who controls a country by force
_____Legislator e) The leader of a country (usually elected, like in the USA)
_____Governor f) A person who votes for the representatives in a country
_____ Mayor g) One of the people who makes the laws in a country
_____ Representative h) The leader of a state (in the US)
_____ Secretary (US) / Minister (UK) i) A person appointed by the president to lead a department in the
government
_____ citizen j) The leader of a country (usually appointed, like in the UK)
_____ voter k) Any person who represents other people

IV. QUOTATIONS:

1. Although we have some laws which are unfair to women, some women can live their whole lives and
not know the law as it affects them. Taujan Faisal (1949 - ) Jordanian politician
2. A judge is a law student who marks his own examination papers. H. L. Mencken (1880–1956), U.S.
journalist, critic, and editor.
3. Bad laws are the worst sort of tyranny. Edmund Burke(1729–1797), Irish-born British statesman and
political philosopher
4. Every law is a contract between the king and the people and therefore to be kept. John Selden (1584–
1654), English historian, jurist, and politician
5. Every law is an evil, for every law is an infraction of liberty. Jeremy Bentham (1748–1832), British
philosopher, economist, jurist, and social reformer.
6. Good men must not obey the laws too well. Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803–1882), U.S. poet and
essayist
7. How can law contradict the lives of millions of people and hope to be administered successfully?
Richard Wright (1908–1960), U.S. novelist.
8. Human law is law only by virtue of its accordance with right reason, and by this means it is clear that it
flows from Eternal law. In so far as it deviates from right reason it is called an Unjust law; and in such a
case, it is no law at all, but rather an assertion of violence. Thomas Aquinas (1225–1274), Italian
theologian and philosopher.
9. I have come to regard the law courts not as a cathedral but rather as a casino. Richard Ingrams (1937– ),
British journalist.
10. I know no method to secure the repeal of bad or obnoxious laws so effective as their stringent execution.
Ulysses S. Grant (1822–1885), U.S. general and president.

V. 1. Find the definition for each item:

authority court govern Judge

law enforcement agency lawyers legal action legal system
legislation Rule the judiciary tribunal

1. A body that is appointed to make a judgment or inquiry. ________

2. A country’s body of judges ________
3. An act or acts passed by a law-making body ________

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4. Behavior recognized by a community as binding or enforceable by authority ________

5. Legal proceedings ________
6. An official body that has authority to try criminals, resolve disputes, or make other legal decisions
________
7. An organization responsible for enforcing the law, especially the police ________
8. A senior official in a court of law ________
9. The body or system of rules recognized by a community that are enforceable by established process
________.
10. The control resulting from following a community’s system of rules ________
11. Members of the legal profession ________
12. To rule a society and control the behavior of its members ________