I. CORPORATION LAW (R.A. No. 11232, Revised Corporation Code) [Dec.

13, 2023]
A. General Principles
1. Nature and Attributes (R.A. No. 11232, Section 2)
2. Nationality of Corporations
a. Control Test
b. Grandfather Rule
3. Doctrine of Separate Judicial Personality
4. Doctrine of Piercing the Corporate Veil
5. Trust Fund Doctrine

B. Kinds of Corporation
1. Stock Corporation – R.A. No. 11232, Section 3
2. Non-Stock Corporation –R.A. No. 11232, Sections 86-87
3. Close Corporation –R.A. No. 11232, Section 95
4. Educational Corporations –R.A. No. 11232, Section 105
5. Religious Corporation– R.A. No. 11232, Sections 107-08
6. One Person Corporation— R.A. No. 11232, Section 115
7. Holding/Parent and Subsidiary Corporation

C. Incorporation and Organization

1. Number and Qualification of Incorporators –R.A. No. 11232, Section
10,
2. Corporate Name –R.A. No. 11232, Section 14, 17-18
3. Capitalization – R.A. No. 11232, Section 12
4. Corporate Term – R.A. No. 11232, Section 11
5. Classification of Shares – R.A. No. 11232, Sections 6-9
6. Articles of Incorporation - R.A. No. 11232, Sections 13-15
7. By-Laws - R.A. No. 11232, Sections 45-47
8. Corporate Officers –R.A. No. 11232, Section 24
9. De Facto Corporation –R.A. No. 11232, Section 19
10. Corporation by Estoppel –R.A. No. 11232, Section 20

D. Directors and Trustees

1. Qualifications and Disqualifications – R.A. No. 11232, Sections 22-26
2. Elections –R.A. No. 11232, Sections 23 and 25, 91
3. Independent Directors –Section 22
4. Term, Holdover, and Removal – Section 22 and 27
5. Compensation – R.A. No. 11232, Section 29
6. Vacancy –R.A. No. 11232, Sections 28 and 25
 7. Voting Requirements
8. Duties and Liabilities
Doctrine of Centralized