PHONOLOGY IV

ALLOPHONE RULE
WITHIN THE
WORD OR AT
WORD
BOUNDARY?
allophones COMPLEMENTA
RY DISTRI. OR OR
FREE VARIA.?
REGRESSIVE

PROGRESSIVE
FINAL
POSITION OR
INITIAL
POSITION?
OTHER
COMMENTS

ASPIRATION [ h] [p, t, k] + any vowel Within the word. Complementary - - At all is the only
when it’s primarily distribution expression in which
stressed. = [p, t, k ] aspiration occur at
word boundary.
DEVOICING AS A [p, t, k]+ [j, l, w, r] Within the word Complementary - - At least, at last, at
RESULT OF = distribution random: aspiration
ASPIRATION [o] [j, l, w, r] occurs at word
boundary.
SEQUENCE OF Plosive+ plosive Within the word Complementary - - -
PLOSIVES [-] and at word distribution
boundary
RELEASED/ [p, t, k]+silence or - Free variation - Final position Diacritics for
UNRELEASED pause. voiceless plosives: [
PLOSIVES IN ,-]
FINAL PO [b, d, g]+silence or Free variation Final position
pause Diacritics for voiced
plosives: [ª, - ]
NASAL RELEASE [p, k, t, d, g, b]+ [m, Within the word Complementary - - There is nasal
[N] n, ŋ] = [p, k, t, d, g, and at word distribution release even if the
b] boundary nasal is syllabic.
LATERAL [p, k, t, d, g, b ]+ [l] Within the word Complementary - - There is lateral
RELEASE [L] = and at word distribution release even if the
[p, k, t, d, g, b ] boundary nasal is syllabic.
DARK LATERAL [l]+ *w Within the word Complementary - - -
[l] *Consonants and at word distribution
*silence boundary
Or when syllabic
DARK LATERAL [l]+ *j Within the word Complementary - - -
[l] *vowels and at word distribution
boundary
POST ALVEOLAR [l, t, d, n, z, s]+ [r] Within the word Complementary Regressive and - Post alveolar
CONTACT [.] [ l, t, d, n, z, s ]+ and at word distribution progressive. But contact does not
boundary regr in most cases occur when [l] or
[ŋ] are syllabic
POST ALVEOLAR [t, d]+ [r] = [ tɹ, dɹ ] Within the word Complementary Regressive - At random :only
FRICATIVE [ ɹ ] Distribution expression in which
the post alveolar
fricative occurs at
[p, k]+ [r]= [ pɹ, kɹ ] Within the word Free variation Regressive - wb
-
DENTALISATION [l, t, d, n]+ [θ,ð] = [ Within the word Complementary Regressive or - not when [l] or [n]
̪l, ̪t, ̪d, ̪n] and at word Distribution progressive. But are syllabic
boundary regr in most cases
DEVOCING [o] [d, g, b] - Complementary - Final or initial In initial position,
[z, ð, ʒ, v] distribution position devoicing is
[ʤ] PARTIAL.
When preceded or In final position, it
followed by silence is COMPLETE.
LABIALIZATION [t, d, p, b, k, g, s, z] Within the word Complementary Regressive - -
[W] +[w]=[t, d, p, b, k, and at word distribution
g, s, z] boundary
DENTO LABIAL [f, v] + [m, v] =[ɱ] Within the word Complementary Regressive or - Regre ass can occur
NASAL [ɱ] and at word distribution progressive. But within the word or
boundary generally regr at wb

Prog ass can only

occur within the
word when the
nasal sound is
syllabic.
ASSIMILATION [t]+ [p,b,m] =[p] Within the word Complementary regressive - -
OF PLOSIVES [k,g]= [k] and at word distribution
boundary.
[d]+ [p,b,m]= [b] But generally it
[k,g]= [g] occurs at wb.

MILAGROS CRU