Vocabulary Book 1to 30 - 1-1

Book 1 to 30 Vocabulary in one book
Book 1 Vocabulary
Book 1 Lesson 1 Vocabulary
circle verb: round, like a ring and equally spaced from the center
Circle the letter A.
close verb: to shut something:
Close the door.
go (to) verb: to leave on place and move to another
Go to the window.
listen (to) verb: to pay attention to what someone is saying or to something you can hear
Listen to the teacher.
look (at) verb: to turn your eyes towards something or someone so that you can see them
Look at the clock.
open verb: opposite of closed
Open the door and let in some fresh air.
repeat verb: to say or do something again
Repeat the word.
write verb: to make letters or words on paper, using a pen or pencil
Write your name at the top of your paper.
it pronoun: used to refer to something that has already been mentioned
See the book on the desk? Please give it to me.
it’s contraction: combination of “it” and “is”
It’s a book.
my possessive adjective: belonging or relating to me
It’s my book.
please interjection: used when you are politely asking for something
Please close the book.
that demonstrative pronoun: used to talk about someone or something that is a
distance away from you
That is a chair.
that’s contraction: combination of the words “that” and “is”
That’s a chair.
the article: used to talk about someone or something that is a distance away from
you
The door is open.
this demonstrative pronoun: used to talk about something or someone that is near to
you
This is a desk.
to preposition: used to talk about something or someone that is near to you
Go to the door.
what interrogative pronoun: used to ask for information about something
What is your name?
what’s contraction: combination of the words, “what” and “is”
What’s your name?
your possessive adjective: belonging or relating to you
What’s your name?
alphabet noun: a set of letters that are used when writing a language
There are 26 letters in the alphabet.
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book noun: a set of printed pages held together in a cover so that you can read them
The book is blue.
capital letter noun: UPPER CASE form of a letter.
The letter “A” is a capital letter.
chair noun: a piece of furniture for one person to sit on
Sit in the chair.
classroom noun: a room where students are taught
We study in the classroom.
clock noun: an instrument that shows the time
Look at the clock.
door noun: the thing that you open and close to get into or out of a house, room, or
car
Close the door.
example noun: something that you mention because it is typical of the kind of thing you
are talking about
Listen to the example.
lab noun: a special room or building used for specialized work
Go to the lab to listen to tapes.
letter noun: a mark or symbol used to represent a sound.
A is a capital letter.
name noun: what someone or something is called
My name is Patrick.
notebook noun: a book in which you can write notes
Write the words in your notebook.
number noun: a word or sign that shows an amount or quantity
Two (2) is a number.
page noun: a piece of paper in a book, newspaper etc, or one side of it
Open your book to page five.
pen noun: a thing that you use for writing and drawing in ink
Write with your pen.
pencil noun: a thing that you use for writing and drawing using the black or colored
substance in the middle
Write with your pencil.
picture noun: a painting, drawing, or photograph
It’s a picture.
sir noun: used when speaking politely to a man, for example a customer in a shop
Good morning, sir.
small letter noun:
A small letter is the lower case of the alphabet.
table noun: a piece of furniture which has a flat top resting on legs
It’s a table.
window noun: an area of glass in the wall of a building or vehicle that lets in light
Open the window.
word noun: a separate group of sounds or letters that has a particular meaning
Write the word in your notebook.
See you later expression:
See you later. OK, goodbye.
spell verb: to form a word by writing or saying the letters in the correct order
I spell chair: c-h-a-i-r.
and conjunction: used to join two words or parts of sentences
I have a pen and a pencil.
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don’t verb (negative): the short form of 'do not'
I don’t like Pepsi.
her adjective: belonging or relating to a woman or girl who has already been mentioned
I have a sister. Her name is Fatima.
his adjective: the possessive form of ’he’
I see a boy. His name is Ahmed.
I pronoun: used by the person speaking or writing to refer to himself or herself
I am a teacher. You are a student.
I’m contraction: The combination of the words “I” and “am.”
I’m a teacher. You’re a student.
these demonstrative pronoun (plural): the plural form of this
These pencils here are yellow.
those demonstrative pronoun (plural): the plural from of that
Those pencils there are red.
you subject pronoun: the person or people that someone is speaking or writing to
I am a teacher. You are a student.
you’re contraction: combination of the words “you” and “are”
I’m a teacher. You’re a student.
barber(s) noun: a man whose job is to cut men's hair
He is a barber. He cuts hair.
cook(s) noun: someone whose job is to prepare and cook food
He is a cook. He cooks pizza.
doctor(s) noun: someone who is trained to treat people who are ill
He is a doctor. He helps sick people.
mechanic(s) noun: someone whose job is to repair vehicles and machinery
He is a mechanic. He fixes cars.
pilot(s) noun: someone who flies a plane
He is a pilot. He flies airplanes.
radio(s) noun: a piece of equipment that you use to listen to program that are broadcast, such as
music and news
I have a radio. It plays music.
recorder(s) noun: a piece of equipment that records sound or pictures
I have a recorder. It records tapes for the lab.
student(s) noun: someone who studies at a school or university
I am a student. I study English.
tape(s) noun: a thin band of plastic used to record sounds or pictures, or the plastic box that
contains it
I listen to tapes in the lab.
teacher(s) noun: someone whose job is to teach
I am a teacher. I teach English.
television(s) noun: a thing shaped like a box with a screen, which you use to watch programs
I like to watch television.
TV noun: a television
I like to watch TV.
What’s his name? question
What’s his name? His name is Ahmed.
What’s her name? question for female’s name
What’s her name? Her name is Fatima.
spell verb: to form a word by writing or saying the letters in the correct order
I spell desk d-e-s-k.
he subject pronoun (man)
He is a man.
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he’s contraction
He’s a man.
no exclamation
No! Don’t smoke in the classroom.
not adverb (negative)
He is a student. He is not a teacher.
she subject pronoun (woman)
She is a woman.
she’s contraction
She’s a woman.
they subject pronoun (plural)
They are students.
they’re contraction
They’re students.
we subject pronoun (plural + I)
Ali and I are friends. We are friends.
we’re contraction
Ali and I are friends. We’re friends.
cent noun: 1/100th of the standard unit of money in some countries
A penny is one cent.
dime noun: a coin worth 10 cents
A dime is ten cents.
dollar noun: written sign $; the standard unit of money in the US, Australia, Canada, and some
other countries
A dollar is 100 cents.
half dollar noun:
A half dollar is fifty cents.
money noun: what you earn by working and use to buy things, often in the form of coins, paper
notes, etc.
Dollars and Riyals are money.
nickel noun: a coin used in the US and Canada that is worth 5 cents
A nickel is five cents.
penny noun: See “cent” above.
A penny is one cent.
quarter noun: a coin in the US and Canada worth 25 cents
A quarter is 25 cents.
put verb: to move something to or into a place or position

He puts the pencil on his desk.
sit verb: to be on a chair, on the ground etc with the top half of your body upright and your
weight resting on your bottom
Sit down!
stand verb: to be on your feet with your body in an upright position
Stand up!
at preposition: used to say where someone or something is or where something happens
Look at the clock.
in preposition: used to say the place or container where someone or something is
The pen is in the box.
o’clock adverb: one of the times when the clock shows the exact hour as a number from 1 to 12
The time is 5 o’clock.
on preposition: touching something or being supported by something
The pencil is on the desk.
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under preposition: below or at a lower level than something, or covered by something
The pencil is under the chair.
Sunday noun: a day of the week
Today is Sunday. Tomorrow is Monday.
Monday noun: a day of the week
Today is Monday. Tomorrow is Tuesday.
Tuesday noun: a day of the week
Today is Tuesday. Tomorrow is Wednesday.
Wednesday noun: a day of the week
Today is Wednesday. Tomorrow is Thursday.
Thursday noun: a day of the week
Today is Thursday. Tomorrow is Friday.
Friday noun: a day of the week:
Today is Friday. Tomorrow is Saturday.
Saturday noun: a day of the week
Tomorrow is Saturday. Tomorrow is Sunday.
board noun: a smooth board that you write on with felt pens in schools
Write the answer on the board.
box noun: a container for putting things in, especially one with four straight sides, or the
amount that this container can hold
The ball is in the box.
calendar noun: a set of pages showing the days and months of a year, that you usually hang on a
wall
The calendar has 12 months.
day noun: a period of time equal to 24 hours
There are 7 days in the week.
desk noun: a table where you sit and write or work
Put the pen on the desk.
dialog noun: a conversation in a book, play, or film:
Listen to the dialog.
map noun: a drawing of a particular area that shows its roads, rivers, mountains, etc.
The map is on the wall.
sound noun: something that you can hear
Listen to the sound of the bell.
time noun: the thing that is measured in minutes, hours, years, etc., using clocks
today noun: this day
Today is Sunday. Tomorrow is Monday.
tomorrow noun: the day after this day
Tomorrow is Monday. Today is Sunday.
wall noun: one of the sides of a room or building
The room has 4 walls.
week noun: a period of seven days
A week has 7 days.
weekend noun: Saturday and Sunday. In Saudi Arabia, Thursday and Friday
The weekend is Saturday and Sunday.
Book 2 Vocabulary
and conjunction: used to join two words or parts of sentences

Ali and Ahmed are students.
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angry adjective: feeling or showing anger
Ali is not happy. He is angry.
bye exclamation: goodbye
Ahmed: Good-bye, Ali! Ali: Bye!
cold adjective: something that is cold has a low temperature
It’s not hot. It’s cold.
happy adjective: feeling pleased and cheerful
He’s not sad. He’s happy.
hi exclamation: hello
Ahmed: Hello, Ali! Ali: Hi!
hot adjective: having a high temperature
It’s not cold. It’s hot.
hundred noun: a number.
The tree was probably a hundred years old.
people noun: men, women, or children. “People” is the usual plural of “person.” I
like the people I work with.
person Noun: a man, woman, or child
Dan was the first person I met when I arrived.
let’s verb: contraction of the words “let” and “us”
Let’s go to Riyadh.
hungry adjective: Ill or weak as a result of not having enough to eat for a long
time. I'm getting hungry, let's eat!
Miss noun: used in front of the name of a girl or a woman who is not married
The young girl is Miss Al Enazi.
Mr. noun: a title used before a man's family name
The man’s name is Mr. Al Enazi.
Mrs. noun: a title used before a married woman's family name
The woman’s name is Mrs. Al Enazi.
Ms noun: a title used before the family name of a married or unmarried woman
The woman’s name is Ms Smith.
now adverb: at the present time
The man is eating now.
old adjective: someone or something that has lived or existed for a long time
He is not young. He’s old.
or conjunction: used between two possibilities, or before the last in a series of
possibilities
Do you want an apple or an orange.
short adjective: not very tall
Ali is a short fat man.
tall adjective: a tall person, building, tree etc is a greater height than normal
She's only five feet tall.
toast noun: bread that has been heated until it is brown
Would you like some butter on your toast?
syllable noun: a part of a word that contains a single vowel sound. ’Cat’ has one
syllable, and ’butter’ has two.
sick adjective: to feel ill in your stomach and as if you might vomit
He’s in the hospital. He’s sick.
tired adjective: feeling that you want to sleep or rest
He is tired.
too adverb: also
I have a car. I have a truck, too.
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very adverb: more than is acceptable or possible
He is very sick. He’s in the hospital.
well adverb: a man or boy who has the same parents as you
He’s not sick. He’s well.
young adjective: a man or boy who has the same parents as you
He’s not old. He’s young.
alphabet noun: a set of letters that are used when writing a language
I know the alphabet. It’s ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ.
boy noun: more than is acceptable or possible
Ali is a boy. Fatima is a girl.
brother noun: a man or boy who has the same parents as you
My brother is Mohammed.
child noun: a young person who is not yet an adult
He’s very young. He’s a child.
children noun: plural form of the above (child)
They are very young. They are children.
consonant noun: any letter of the English alphabet except a, e, i, o, and u
The letter “C” is not a vowel. It’s a consonant.
dad noun: informal word for “father”
My father is Dad. My mother is Mom.
family noun: a group of people who are related to each other, especially parents
and their children
My father, mother, brother, and sister are my family.
father noun: a male parent
My father is a man. My mother is a woman.
friend noun: someone that you know well and enjoy spending time with
Ali is my friend.
girl noun: a female child:
My sister is a girl.
man noun: an adult male person
My father is a man.
men noun: plural form of men
My father and my teacher are men.
mother noun: female parent, or any woman who is a parent
My mother is a woman.:
sister noun: a girl or woman who has the same parents as you
My sister is a girl.
vowel noun
There are five vowels. A, E, I, O, U.
woman noun: an adult female person
My mother is a woman.
women noun: the plural form of “woman”
My mother and my grandmother are women.
answer verb: to say something to someone when they have asked you a question or
spoken to you
The students answer questions.
Ask verb: to say to someone that you want them to tell you something
The teachers ask questions.
belong(s) to verb: if something belongs to you, you own it:
The pen belongs to Ahmed.
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An determiner: used instead of ’a’ when the following word begins with a vowel
sound
I have an apple and an orange.
At preposition: used to say where someone or something is or where something
happens
Ali is at the mess hall.
Big adjective: something that is big is large or larger than average size
It’s not little. It’s big.
inside preposition: in or into a building or room
Ali is studying in the classroom. He’s inside.
Our possessive adjective: belonging to or relating to us
Our house is white.
outside preposition: not inside a building or room, but near it
Ali is playing football. He’s outside.
Sgt noun: the written abbreviation of Sergeant
Sgt Jones is in the army.
small adjective: not big
I have a small car.
Their possessive adjective: relating to or belonging to the people or things that have
already been mentioned
Their car is a Toyota.
thousand number:
I have one thousand riyals. I have SR1,000.
where interrogative adverb: in or to which place
Where is Ahmed?
whose possessive determiner: used to ask which person or people a particular thing
belongs to
Whose car is this?
your possessive adjective: belonging or relating to you
My car is red. Your car is blue.
Air Force noun: the part of a country's military organization that uses planes to fight
The Sgt. is in the Air Force. He’s not in the Army.
barracks noun: a group of buildings where soldiers live
Soldiers sleep in the barracks.
base noun: a place where people in the army, navy etc live and work
The soldier is on the base.
bed noun: a piece of furniture for sleeping on
I sleep in my bed.
building noun: a structure such as a house, church, or factory that has a roof and walls
The hospital is a big building.
bulletin board noun: a board on a wall where you can put information for people to see
The schedule is on the bulletin board.
bus noun: a large vehicle that people pay to travel on
He takes a bus to school.
bus stop noun: a place at the side of a road, marked with a sign, where buses stop for
passengers
The soldier is at the bus stop.
BX noun: Base Exchange
I buy things at the BX.
base exchange noun
The BX is the base exchange.
commissary noun: a shop that supplies food and other goods on a military base
Soldiers buy food at the commissary.
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dining hall noun: a room where you eat your meals
Soldiers eat in the dining hall.
dispensary noun: a place where medicines are prepared and given out
The sick man is at the dispensary.
hospital noun: a building where sick or injured people receive medical treatment
The doctor works at the hospital.
library noun: a room or building containing books that can be looked at or borrowed
I study at the library.
mess hall noun: a room in which members of the military eat and drink together
Soldiers eat in the mess hall.
office noun: a building that belongs to an organization, where people work
I work in the office.
question noun: something you say or write when you are asking for information
There are fifty (50) questions on the test.
room noun: a space in a building that is separated from the rest by walls and a door
My bed is in my room.
schedule noun: a plan of what someone is going to do, or when work is to be done
The class schedule begins at 07:45.
snack bar noun: a place where you can buy snacks
I drink juice at the snack bar.
Excuse me, please. Excuse me, please.
Thank you. Ahmed: Thank you.

Ali: Your welcome.
buy Verb: to pay money for, to purchase

Mrs. Wilson is buying food.
come Verb: to approach, to move toward, to get nearer
The teacher is coming.
cherry (ies) Noun: a small round red or black fruit with a stone in the middle
I bought a bunch of cherries at the supermarket.
drink Verb: to swallow, to consume a liquid
Ahmed is drinking Pepsi.
here Adverb: in, to, or from this place
I've lived here all my life.
eat Verb: to consume food by chewing and swallowing
I eat chicken for dinner.
read Verb: to look at and understand writing
Tom is reading a book.
study Verb: to learn something through concentration and effort
They are studying English.
talk Verb: to speak, to converse, to have a discussion
Ali and Ahmed are talking.
watch Verb: to observe, to look at over a period of time
I watch TV every night.
an Determiner: used after a, e, i, o, u or other words that begin with a vowel sound
Eat an orange! We have an hour to write the test.
nothing Pronoun: not anything
What are you doing? Nothing.
now Adverb: at this time, at this moment
He’s eating now.
apple Noun: a round red fruit that grows on a tree
An apple is usually red but it can be green or yellow.
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banana Noun: a long curved yellow fruit that grows on a tree
A banana is yellow.
beef Noun: Beef is the meat from a cow.
Beef is the most common meat eaten in America
bread Noun: a food made from wheat and water usually combined with yeast.
I eat bread with dinner.
breakfast Noun: The first meal of the day eaten in the morning.
Breakfast is a meal. I have orange juice, eggs and toast for breakfast.
chicken Noun: The most common bird meat eaten by people. (Kapsa)
I eat chicken for dinner.
coffee Noun: A hot brown or black drink made from the beans of a coffee plant.
I drink coffee with breakfast.
dinner Noun: supper; the last meal of the day usually eaten in the evening
Dinner is a meal. In America it is the biggest meal of the day
drinks Noun: any liquid consumed by people
Milk, juice, and water are drinks.
egg(s) Noun: an oval shaped object produced by female birds such as chickens.
I eat chicken eggs for breakfast.
fish Noun: a type of animal that lives in water.
Fish swim in the sea. Hamour is a type of fish.
food Noun: anything you eat is food.
I’m hungry. I want to eat some food.
fruit Noun: a type of food that is usually sweet and grows on a tree
Bananas, apples and oranges are fruit.
juice Noun: a drink made from the liquids of fruit and vegetables
I drink apple juice for breakfast.
lamb Noun: lamb is the meat from a sheep.
In Saudi Arabia lamb is one of the most common meats that people eat.
just Adverb: Only.
I just want to go to bed.
lunch Noun: a meal eaten in the middle of the day.
I eat lunch at 12 noon.
meal Noun: anytime when food is eaten is a meal
Breakfast, lunch, and dinner are meals. At Ramadan we eat a midnight meal.
meat Noun: animal muscles or organs eaten as food
Beef, chicken, and lamb are meat.
milk Noun: A white liquid produced by animals such as cows to feed their newborns
I put cows milk in my coffee. Camel milk is good for you.
movie(s) Noun: a story that you can see on TV or at a cinema
I watch movies at the cinema.
orange Noun: an orange fruit that grows on a tree, a color
I like to eat an orange for breakfast.
pork Noun: pork is the meat from a pig
Muslims do not eat pork.
pear Noun: a sweet juicy fruit that is round at the bottom and thinner at the top. I ate a
pear that was grown in France.
rice Noun: a type of grain usually grown in Asia that is eaten as a food.
I eat meat and rice for lunch.
salad Noun: a mixture of raw vegetables or fruit usually eaten at lunch or dinner
I eat a salad with my dinner every night.
both Pronoun: used to talk about two people or things together
Anne and John are both students.
tea Noun: a hot brown or black drink made from the leaves of a bush
I drink tea in the morning.
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bored Adjective: tired and impatient because something is uninteresting or you have
nothing to do
I'm so bored with my job.
water Noun: a clear liquid made of oxygen and hydrogen (H20)
I drink 4 liters of water every day.
nothing much Not anything important
What are you doing? Nothing much.
What are you doing? What are you doing?
Nothing much.
answer verb: something you say or write in response to a question

He is answering the questions.
ask verb: to make a question that requires a response
The teacher is asking the questions.
check verb: to look at something to make sure it was been done correctly
Check your answers.
do verb: to perform, to carry out, to complete
He is doing his homework.
count verb: to try to find out how many people or things there are in a group It took
hours to count all the votes.
correct adjective: right, something that is accurate or true, the opposite of wrong
The answer is correct.
different adjective: something that is not like something else, the opposite of same
They’re different. They’re not the same.
million Number
1,000,000 is 1 million.
right adjective: correct, something that is accurate or true, the opposite of wrong
The answer is right.
same adjective: things that are alike, impossible to tell apart, opposite of different
They are the same. They’re not different.
who pronoun: used to ask the question ‘which person’
Who is Ali? Ali is a student.
wrong adjective: incorrect, the opposite of correct or right
The answer is not correct. It’s wrong.
answer noun: the response to a question
What are 2 + 2? The answer is 4.
daughter noun: a man or woman’s female child
Linda is Mr. and Mrs. Wilson’s daughter.
homework noun: work to be done at home
Students love doing homework.
husband noun: a married man, the opposite of wife
Mr. Wilson is Mrs. Wilson’s husband.
son noun: a man or woman’s male child
Tom is Mr. and Mrs. Wilson’s son.
time noun: something used to indicate a specific part of a day
wife noun: a married woman, the opposite of husband
Mrs. Wilson is Mr. Wilson’s wife.
It’s time for.. sentence
It’s 8 o’clock. It’s time for English class.
Me, too. expression: me also, me as well
Ali: I like Pepsi. Ahmed: Me, too (I want one too).
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You’re welcome. sentence: a polite response used when someone says thank you
Ali: Thank you. Ahmed: You’re welcome.
Book 3 Vocabulary
do/does (not) verb: Helping verbs are verbs that COME WITH ANOTHER VERB. In the sentence,
“He does not eat lunch” the verb ‘does’ is a helping verb because it comes
with the action verb ‘eat.’
I do not sleep in the afternoon. He does not eat in the evening.
don’t/doesn’t verb: contraction of do not / does not
I don’t sleep in the afternoon.
He doesn’t eat in the evening.
get up verb: to get out of bed after sleeping
He gets up at 6:00a.m. every day.
shave verb: to remove hair with a razor
He shaves before going to school.
sleep verb: to nap, to be asleep,
He sleeps in the barracks.
swim verb: to move around on the surface of water
Ahmed swims every Thursday.
get dressed verb: to put on clothes
I get dressed after I take a shower.
go to bed verb: get into bed
I go to bed at 10:00 p.m.
take a verb: to bathe in a shower
shower He takes a shower before breakfast.
after preposition: following something, later than something
He goes to school after breakfast.
a.m. adjective: the time from 12 a.m. (midnight) to 11:59 a.m. (noon)
He gets up at 5 o’clock a.m.
at preposition: used with the time of day
I eat breakfast at 6 o’clock a.m.
before preposition: earlier than something
I eat breakfast before I brush my teeth.
early adjective: before the usual time
Class is at 0700. Ali goes to class at 0655. Ali goes to class early.
every determiner: something done all the time
I watch TV every evening.
for preposition: a specific period of time
I studied for 3 hours.
hungry adjective: feeling a need or desire for food
She is hungry. She is eating.
in preposition: used to describe part of the day (in the morning, afternoon or
evening)
I study in the evening.
late adjective: after the usual time
Class is at 0700. Ali goes to class at 0705. Ali goes to class late.
p.m. adjective: the time from 12 p.m. (noon) to 11:59 p.m. (midnight)
I eat dinner at 6 p.m.
thirsty adjective: feeling a need or desire for a liquid
She is thirsty. She is drinking water.
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afternoon noun: a time between 12 p.m. and 5:59 p.m.
I swim in the afternoon.
class noun: a group of students
There are 12 students in the class.
evening noun: a time from 6 p.m. to bedtime
I eat dinner in the evening.
lesson noun: a time when teaching and learning occurs
We have an English lesson in the morning.
midnight noun: 12 o’clock at night is midnight.
We are going to bed at midnight.
morning noun: an early part of the day ending at noon (11:59 a.m.)
I eat breakfast in the morning.
night noun: the time from sunset to sunrise
I watch TV at night (or in the evening).
noon noun: 12 p.m. is noon.
We are going to eat at noon.
shower noun: the act of bathing while standing up under a stream of water
I take a shower in the morning.
snack noun: a small meal
I have a snack before I go to bed.
toast noun: sliced bread browned on both sides
Pat eats toast for breakfast.
have Verb: to possess, to own

I have a pen and a pencil.
hear Verb: to listen to
Do you hear the teacher?
know Verb: to have information, to have knowledge of something
I know the answer.
learn Verb: to get knowledge, to acquire new information
We learn new words in class.
leave Verb: to go away from a place, to depart, the opposite of to come
I leave my house at 7 o’clock.
have (eat) Verb: to eat (one of many meanings of the verb to have)
I have eggs for breakfast.
say Verb: to speak or tell something using specific words,
Ali says, “Good morning” to the teacher everyday.
see Verb: to observe
I see an airplane.
speak Verb: to say something in normal conversation not using specific words
They speak Arabic in Saudi Arabia. The students speak to the teacher.
want Verb: to desire, to wish for
I want coffee and toast.
always Adverb: all the time, on all occasions
I always eat breakfast in the morning.
how often Adverb: how regularly, how frequently
How often do you eat breakfast? I always eat breakfast in the morning.
never Adverb: not ever, at no time
I never eat in the classroom.
on + day Preposition: preposition used with days of the week
I don’t go to school on Friday.
sometimes Adverb: occasionally, not regularly
I sometimes go to Riyadh on Thursday.
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when Adverb: a wh- question word asking for a time, date or occasion
When does Ahmed go to Riyadh? He goes to Riyadh on Thursday.
airplane Noun: plane, aircraft
He takes an airplane to England.
Arabic Noun: a language spoken in the Middle East
They speak Arabic in Saudi Arabia.
car Noun: a motor vehicle, automobile
I drive a car.
Chicago Noun: An American city in the state of Illinois in the middle of the country.
President Barack Obama was originally a senator from Chicago.
Chinese Noun: a language spoken in the China, a nationality.
They speak Chinese in China. People from China are Chinese.
English Noun: a language originating in England, a nationality
They speak English in England. People from England are English.
French Noun: a language spoken in France, a nationality and culture
They speak French in France. People from France are French.
french fries Noun: long thin cut of fried potatoes
I eat french fries at McDonald’s.
hamburger Noun: a food made from ground beef
I eat hamburgers at McDonald’s.
language Noun: words used to talk to other people
Arabic, English, and French are languages.
New York Noun: a city in northeast state of New York in the United States on the Atlantic
Ocean.
The city of New York is also known as The Big Apple.
Los Angeles Noun: a city of southern California, United States on the Pacific Ocean.
The city of Los Angeles is also known as LA.
plane Noun: airplane, aircraft
I take a plane to England twice a year.
Italian Noun: a language spoken in Italy, a nationality
They speak Italian in Italy. People from Italy are Italian.
Japanese Noun: a language spoken in Japan, a nationality
They speak Japanese in Japan. People from Japan are Japanese.
Korean Noun: a language spoken in Korea, a nationality
They speak Korean in Korea. People from Korea are Korean.
Russian Noun: a language spoken in Russia, a nationality
They speak Russian in Russia. People from Russia are Russian.
Spanish Noun: a language spoken in Spain, a nationality
They speak Spanish in Spain. People from Spain are Spanish.
Take a… Verb: to use a car, bus, train etc to go somewhere, or to travel using a particular
road. Let's take the bus.
taxi Noun: a vehicle for hire that takes people from one place to another place
I take a taxi to school.
train Noun: a type of transportation
He takes a train from Riyadh to Khobar.
truck Noun: a vehicle usually used to carry things
He drives a truck.
colonel Noun: an officer with a high rank in the Army, Marines, or the US Air Force. I
was a colonel in the United States Marine Corp.
choose Verb: to select, to make a choice

The students must choose the correct answer on the test.
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look up Verb: to search (look) for information in a book
The students look up words in the dictionary.
mark Verb: to indicate a choice on an answer sheet such as by writing an X or making
a circle to indicate the ‘correct’ answer
They mark their answers on their answer sheets.
memorize Verb: to learn something and keep it in your memory
Students must memorize the words on this vocabulary sheet.
review Verb: To go over (study) something for a second time
The students are reviewing their lessons.
select Verb: to choose, to make a choice
The students must select the right answer.
ago Adverb: earlier, in the past
I was in Riyadh 3 weeks ago.
how many Adverb: what number of
How many students are in the class?
in + month Preposition used with months (in July) or years (in 2001)
in + year I am going to Riyadh in July.
I am going to Riyadh in 2002.
last Adjective: most recent time in the past
Last year was 2001.
next Adjective: after that, a position in a sequence of things or people
This month is May. Next month is June.
He is the next person in the line.
was / were Verb: the past tense of the verb be in the first and third person singular
Ali was absent yesterday, but the rest of the students were present.
yesterday Noun: the day before today
Today is Tuesday. Yesterday was Monday.
answer sheet Noun: a piece of paper where answers are indicated
Mark the answer on your answer sheet.
Canada Noun: a country
Canada is a country.
China Noun: a country
China is a country.
country Noun: a nation with borders
He’s from Saudi Arabia. His country is Saudi Arabia.
dictionary Noun: a book used to look up the meaning of words
Students look up the meaning of words in a dictionary.
Egypt Noun: a country
Egypt is a country.
England Noun: a country
England is a country.
France Noun: a country
France is a country.
hour Noun: a period of time, 60 minutes = 1 hour
A day has 24 hours.
minute Noun: a period of time, 60 seconds is 1 minute
An hour has 60 minutes.
month Noun: a period of time, 1 month is 1/12th of a year.
January is a month. There are 12 months in a year
quiz Noun; a type of test or examination, a test of knowledge
The students are studying for their quiz.
Saudi Arabia Noun: a country
They speak Arabic in Saudi Arabia.
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second Noun: a period of time, 1/60th of a minute
A minute has 60 seconds.
Russia Noun: The country formally known as the Soviet Union in eastern Europe.
They are from the Russia. They speak Russian.
Spain Noun: a country
They are from Spain. They speak Spanish.
test Noun: a type of quiz or examination, a test of knowledge
Students have an English test every week.
test booklet Noun: a book with questions or information used in a test
Don’t write in your test booklet.
United States Noun: a country
They speak English in the United States.
Venezuela Noun: a country
He is from Venezuela. He speaks Spanish.
year Noun: a period of time, 1 year = 12 months, 1 year = 365 days
A year has 12 months.
Zaire Noun: a country
Zaire is a country in Africa.
January Noun: a month in the year
January is the first month.
February Noun: a month in the year
February is the second month.
March Noun: a month in the year
March is the third month.
April Noun: a month in the year
April is the fourth month.
May Noun: a month in the year
May is the fifth month.
June Noun: a month in the year
June is the sixth month.
July Noun: a month in the year
July is the seventh month.
August Noun: a month in the year
August is the eighth month.
September Noun: a month in the year
September is the ninth month.
October Noun: a month in the year
October is the tenth month.
November Noun: a month in the year
November is the eleventh month.
December Noun: a month in the year
December is the twelfth month.
Drive Verb: to be in control of a vehicle

Ali has a car. He drives to work every day.
Fly Verb: to travel by air, to be in control of an airplane
Abdullah is a pilot. He likes to fly.
Walk Verb: to travel on foot
The student walks to class every day.
want to Verb: to desire to do something
I’m hungry. I want to eat.
Work Verb: something done to make money or accomplish a task
My father works in Riyadh.
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all right Adjective: satisfactory; correct
Was everything done correctly? Yes it is all right.
Bad Adjective: not good, the opposite of good
That coffee is bad. I don’t like it.
enlisted Adjective: a military person below the officer ranks
He isn’t an officer. He’s an enlisted man.
Good Adjective: not bad, the opposite of bad
This coffee is good. I like it.
Here Adverb: at this place, at this location
It’s not there (at that place). It’s here (at this place).
In Preposition: used to indicate membership in the armed forces
Ali is in the Army. He’s a soldier.
New Adjective: something made recently, opposite of old
My car isn’t old. It’s new.
right now Adverb: immediately, at once
I’m hungry. I want to eat right now.
Short Adjective: a small measurement from top to bottom (opposite of tall) or side to
side (opposite of long)
Ahmed isn’t tall. He’s short.
Tall Adjective: a large measurement from top to bottom (opposite of short)
Ali isn’t short. He’s tall.
There Adverb: at that place, at that location
It’s not here (at this place). It’s over there (at that place).
airman Noun: a man who flies or a man that is in the Air Force
John is in the Air Force. He’s pilot. He’s an airman.
Army Noun: a branch of the armed forces trained to deal with warfare on land
Ahmed is a soldier. He’s in the Army. He’s an enlisted man.
captain Noun: a rank in the military
Tom is a captain. He’s an officer.
civilian Noun: a person not in the armed forces or police force
John is a civilian. He isn’t in the military.
Driver Noun: a person who drives a vehicle
Ahmed drives a taxi. He’s a taxi driver.
London Noun: a city
London is a city in England.
military Noun: the armed forces of a country
The Army, Navy, and Air Force are the military.
Marine Corp Noun: a branch of the U.S. armed forces composed chiefly of amphibious troops
under the authority of the Secretary of the Navy.
Joe is stationed with the Marine Corp at Camp Pendleton, California U.S.A.
marine Noun: a soldier serving in the Marine Corp.
Joe is a marine.
Navy Noun: a branch of the armed forces trained to deal with warfare at sea.
John is a sailor. He’s in the Navy.
officer Noun: anyone above the rank of enlisted man in the armed forces.
A lieutenant is the lowest ranking officer in the army.
sailor Noun: a member of the Navy
Bill is a sailor in the U.S. Navy. He’s in the Navy.
soldier Noun: a member of an army
John is a soldier in the land forces. He’s in the Army.
work Noun: a place (location) where a job is done
Where is John?
He’s at work.
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Here they are They’re not over there. Here they are!
Here it is It’s not over there. Here it is!
There they are They’re not over here. There they are!
There it is It’s not over here. There it is!
Book 4 Vocabulary
clean (up) verb: to make clean, to remove dirt

The soldiers clean up the barracks every weekend.
break noun: a time to rest or eat: take a break, have a snack, drink coffee
Let's take a ten-minute break.
cook verb: to prepare food by heating it
My mother cooks good food.
did verb: the past tense of verb to do
A: Did Col. Malik study last night? B: Yes, he did.
didn’t verb: negative past tense of to do
A: Did Julie study last night? B: No, he didn’t.
end verb: to finish, opposite of to start or to begin
My English class ends at 3:00 pm.
like (to) verb: to enjoy
I like to play football.
live (in) verb
I live in a house in Kabul.
play verb
Erik plays football everyday.
team noun: a group of players (example: a football/basketball team)
Which football team do you support?
start verb: to begin, opposite of to end OR to finish
Our English class starts at 13:15 in the afternoon.
visit verb
We visit my grandmother in the hospital every day.
again adverb: once more, another time, for a second time
“I studied last night. Now, I’m studying again.”
all determiner:
All of the students are taking a test
downtown noun: the center of a city
A: “Is there a bird market in the center of Kabul?”
B: “Yes, it’s downtown.”
long adj
The ruler is 30 cm long. Sometimes I study English all night long.
ball noun
I have a ball. Let’s play soccer.
baseball noun
John plays baseball on Saturday afternoon.
basketball noun
Basketball is a very popular sport in the United States.
Chicago Noun: a large American city in the Midwest
Chicago is a city in the state of Illinois.
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city/cities noun: a very large town where lots of people live
Bratislava is a city in Slovakia. New York and Bratislava are cities.
Dallas noun: a large city in Texas
Dallas is a city in Texas.
football noun
Football is a popular sport in the United States.
American football and soccer are different games.
game noun
I watch a football game on TV every night.
Houston noun: a large American city in Texas
Houston is a city in Texas. It’s very hot in the summer.
New York noun: a large American city in New York state
New York is a city. A lot of people from different countries live there.
restaurant noun: a place where a person buys and eats food
I eat in a restaurant every weekend.
San Antonio noun: a large city in Texas
San Antonio is a city in Texas.
show noun: a TV program or movie
I like to watch that TV show. My favorite TV show is ‘the Flash’.
soccer noun: the American English word used for football
Soccer is a sport called football in Europe.
sport noun
Football is a sport.
tennis Noun
Tennis is a sport.
town noun: a small city
Rye is a small town in New Hampshire. It is not a city.
visit verb: to go somewhere for a short time
I will visit my mother tomorrow.
I don’t live in Kabul. I’m just visiting for two weeks.
noun: a short meeting with someone
I am planning a visit with my mother tomorrow.
Los Angeles noun: a large American city in California
Los Angeles is a city on the west coast of the United States.
Georgetown noun: - a section of Washington, D.C. in the western part of the city
(Also: a small town in Texas)
There is a big university in Georgetown.
Washington noun: The US Capital city in the Eastern part of the United States.
The Whitehouse is in Washington, D.C.
to begin verb
School begins at 0700 every morning.
to bring verb
The students always bring their books to school.
to report verb
New students must report to the commander before they begin.
to salute verb
You must salute an officer.
to smoke verb
He likes to smoke cigarettes.
false adjective
False is the opposite of true.
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gold adjective
Gold is a color.
naval adjective
Sailors live on a naval base.
silver adjective
Silver is a color.
true adjective
True is the opposite of false.
with preposition
I drink coffee with sugar.
break noun
Take a 5 minute break between classes.
butt can noun
Put your cigarette in the butt can when you are finished.
cap noun
A cap is a hat.
Captain/Capt noun
A Captain is an officer in the army.
cigarette noun
I will smoke a cigarette at the break.
Colonel/Col noun
The Colonel is my commanding officer.
first Lieutenant noun
A 1st Lieutenant is an officer. He wears silver bars on his shoulders.
General/Gen noun
The General is the base commander.
I.D. card noun
I need my I.D. card to come on base.
identification noun
My military I.D. is my identification.
Lieutenant noun
Lt. A Lieutenant is a junior officer.
Lieutenant Colonel noun
Lt Col A Lieutenant Colonel is an officer. He wears silver oak leaves.
Major noun
Maj. A Major is an officer. He wears gold oak leaves on his shoulders.
military adjective
A Major is military rank. A tank is a military vehicle.
name tag noun
I wear a name tag on my shirt.
pack noun
A soldier carries a pack in the field.
post noun
A post another name for an Army base.
rank noun
A Sergeant and a Lieutenant are ranks.
razor noun
I shave with a razor.
Second Lieutenant noun
A 2nd Lieutenant is an officer. He wears gold bars on his shoulders.
Sergeant noun
Sgt A Sergeant is an enlisted man.
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stripe noun
A sergeant has three stripes.
uniform Noun
Soldiers wear uniforms every day.
can verb
John can speak English.
can’t verb (negative)
John can’t speak Russian.
may verb (permission)
You may watch TV after you finish your homework.
must verb
You must salute an officer.
must not verb
You must not eat in the classroom.
put on verb
put on It’s very cold outside. Put on your coat.
take off verb
took off It’s very hot in the classroom. Take off your coat.
wake up verb
woke up Ahmed wakes up early on school days.
wear verb
wore I wear my uniform to work every day.
asleep adjective
He’s not asleep. He’s awake.
awake adjective
He’s not awake. He’s asleep.
well adverb
Mohammed speaks English very well. He’s a good student.
belt noun
You must buy some pants and a belt.
blouse noun
A blouse is a shirt for women.
boots Noun
The soldiers wear boots to work. They don’t wear shoes.
clothes noun
Pants, shirts, and jackets are clothes.
coat noun
It’s cold. You must wear a coat.
dress noun
That girl has a pretty dress.
gloves noun
I wear gloves on my hands.
hat Noun
Put on your hat before you go outside.
jacket Noun
The teacher is wearing a jacket and tie.
necktie Noun
The teacher is wearing a necktie.
pants noun
The men wear pants. The women wear skirts.
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period noun: finishes a sentence
They eat dinner at 5 o’clock.
question mark noun: finishes a question
Where are you from?
scarf noun
scarves Sue: Did you buy a scarf?
Jane: No, I bought 2 scarves.
shirt noun
You must wear a white shirt and tie.
shoes noun
Don’t wear boots to the restaurant. Wear shoes.
skirt noun
Susan doesn’t like to wear dresses. She likes to wear skirts.
slacks Noun
Slacks are pants.
socks Noun
His shoes are black, but his socks are white.
stockings Noun
Men wear socks, but women wear stockings.
suit Noun
A suit is a jacket and a pair of slacks that look the same.
sweater Noun
The weather is cool. Wear a sweater today.
tie Noun
A tie is a necktie.
trousers Noun
Trousers and slacks are pants.
T-shirt Noun
I wear a T-shirt under my shirt.
to cost Verb
cost This shirt costs 25 dollars. The price is 25 dollars.
to dance Verb
Murtaza likes to dance and sing.
to help Verb
The clerk helps people in a store.
to record Verb
The teacher records tapes and CDs to play in the lab.
to sell Verb
sold He’s a clerk in a shoe store. He sells shoes.
to take Verb
took Abed: Did Zabi take his book home?
Mustfa: Yes, he took his book home.
black Adjective
Black is a color.
blue Adjective
Blue is a color.
brown Adjective
Brown is a color.
cool Adjective
Autumn is a cool season.
green Adjective
Green is a color.
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orange Adjective
Orange is a color.
pink Adjective
Pink is a color.
purple Adjective
Purple is a color.
red Adjective
Red is a color.
that adjective (far away)
I don’t like this pencil. I like that pencil over there.
these adjective (plural, close)
These pencils are yellow. Those pencils are red.
this adjective (close)
This pencil is on my desk, but that pencil is on your desk.
those adjective (plural, far away)
These pencils are yellow. Those pencils are red.
warm Adjective
Spring is a warm season.
white Adjective
White is a color.
yellow Adjective
Yellow is a color.
autumn Noun
Autumn is a cool season.
clerk Noun
A clerk works in a store.
color Noun
Red, orange, and blue are colors.
dance Noun
They play music at the dance.
fall Noun
Fall is a cool season.
headphones Noun
In the lab, we wear headphones to listen to the dialogs.
headset Noun
Headsets are the same as headphones.
music Noun
They play music at the dance.
rainbow Noun
After it rains, sometimes you can see a rainbow in the sky. You can see
many colors.
season Noun
Spring, Summer, Fall, and Winter are seasons.
spring Noun
Spring is a warm season.
store Noun
Jane is a clerk. She works in a store.
summer Noun
Summer is a hot season.
winter Noun
Winter is a cold season.
the day after tomorrow Expression
Tomorrow is Saturday. The day after tomorrow is Sunday.
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the day before Expression
yesterday Yesterday was Sunday. The day before yesterday was Saturday.
Here you are. Hezarat: May I borrow your pen?
Kalilullah: Yes. Here you are.
how much...? Eimal: How much is this shirt?
Airfan: That shirt costs 25 dollars.
over here Khair: Where is my English book?
Kushal: It’s over here on my desk.
over there Ahmed: Where is John’s English book?
Ali: It’s over there on the teacher’s desk.
Book 5 Vocabulary

to hurt verb
hurt Alan can’t run today. He hurt his leg.
to move verb
My arm hurts. I can’t move it.
to point (to) verb
Point to your ankle.
to touch verb
My arm is sore. It hurts when I touch it.
about preposition
TITANIC is a movie about a ship.
large adjective
We have a large car because we have 6 children.
last adjective
First, he eats dinner. Then, he watches TV. Last, he goes to bed.
left adjective
I have two arms. I have a left arm and a right arm.
long adjective
My leg is long. My finger is short.
next adjective
First, he wakes up. Then he takes a shower. Next, he eats breakfast.
of preposition
The first month of the year is January.
one pronoun
Adam: Do you have a pencil?
Ali: Yes, I have one.
right adjective
I have two arms. A left arm and a right arm.
short adjective
My leg is long. My finger is short.
sore adjective
I hurt my leg yesterday. Today it’s very sore.
then adverb
First, open your book. Then, read page 10.
which determiner
Doctor: Which arm did you hurt?
Mr. Jones: I hurt my left arm.
arm noun
I have two arms and two legs.
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body noun
bodies Our bodies have a head, a trunk, and limbs.
bone noun
I have bones and muscle under my skin.
date noun
Roger: What’s today’s date?
Frank: It’s June 2, 2017.
Ear noun
I hear with my ears.
Eye noun
I see with my eyes.
finger noun
Point to the clock with your finger.
foot/feet noun
I can’t walk. My feet hurt.
hand noun
I use my hand when I write.
head noun
My head is above my neck.
Leg noun
I have two legs and two arms. I walk on my legs.
medicine noun
I’m sick. The doctor gave me medicine.
mouth noun
I talk with my mouth.
nail noun
I have nails on my fingers and toes.
neck noun
My head is above my neck.
nose noun
I smell with my nose. My nose is under my eyes.
Skin noun
My skin is on the outside of my body.
throat noun
My throat is inside my neck.
thumb noun
I have 8 fingers and 2 thumbs.
Toe noun
I have 5 toes on each foot.
take medicine I am taking medicine because I am sick.
What’s the matter? Terry: What’s the matter?

Doug: I hurt my leg yesterday.
What’s wrong? Tom: What’s wrong?
Steve: I hurt my leg yesterday.
Book 5 Lesson2 Vocabulary
can modal verb

You can get a haircut at a barber shop.
to brush verb
My sister always brushes her hair in the morning.
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to change verb
He is changing his t-shirt because it’s dirty.
to comb verb
I always comb my hair in the morning.
to dry verb
dried First, I take a shower. Next, I dry myself.
to get verb
got Andy gets a haircut at the barber shop.
to need (to) verb
I’m hungry. I need to eat.
to rinse verb
Rinse these dishes. Don’t use soap, only water.
to wash verb
The car is dirty. I want you to wash it.
a few determiner: used with count nouns
I have a few pencils, but I need a lot for my class.
a little determiner: used with noncount nouns
I’d like a little sugar in my coffee, please.
a lot of determiner: same as many
There are a lot of students in the canteen.
any determiner
Andy: Do you have any milk? Tom: Yes, I have some.
clean adjective
I took a shower. I’m clean.
dirty adjective
I need to take a shower. I’m dirty.
lots of determiner: same as many
There are lots of students in class today.
only adverb
I don’t put pepper on my food. I only use salt.
some determiner
Andy: Do you have any milk? Tom: Yes, I have some.
there + be There is a teacher in the classroom.
There are many students in the classroom.
barbershop noun
Let’s get a haircut. There’s a barbershop over there.
bathroom noun
There is a toilet and a sink in the bathroom.
brush noun
My sister has a brush. She brushes her hair with it.
butter noun
I eat bread and butter with my soup.
comb noun
I have a comb. I comb my hair with it.
drugstore noun
I can buy medicine in a drugstore.
face noun
Your face is dirty. Go to the bathroom and wash it.
grocery store noun
I buy milk and sugar at the grocery store.
hair noun
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The barber cuts my hair.
haircut noun
Your hair is short today. I think you got a haircut.
pepper noun
I always put salt and pepper on my food.
pocket noun
I have two pockets on my uniform shirt.
salt noun
Abdullah puts salt on his French fries.
shampoo noun
Sue washes her hair with shampoo.
soap noun
I wash my body with soap. I wash my hair with shampoo.
soup noun
I usually eat soup and a sandwich for lunch.
sugar noun
I put sugar in my coffee.
thing noun: not a person or a place
Combs, brushes, pencils, desks, and cars are things.
tooth/teeth noun
My tooth hurts.I have 32 teeth in my mouth.
toothbrush noun
I use a toothbrush to clean my teeth.
toothpaste noun
I put toothpaste on my toothbrush when I clean my teeth.
towel noun
I use a towel to dry my face.
to arrive verb: the opposite of depart

The plane will depart at 0700 and arrive at 0900.
to button verb: to close a shirt or jacket using a button
It’s cold outside. You need to button your coat to keep warm.
to call verb: to use a telephone
John called Andy yesterday, but Andy wasn’t home.
to come back verb: to return
came I’m going home tomorrow, but I will come back next week.
to depart from verb: to begin a journey from
Our plane departs from Kabul at 0700.
to go back verb: to return
went I am coming home tomorrow, but I will go back next week.
to graduate verb: to finish school
I graduated from high school last year.
to lock verb: to close so it can’t be opened
Always lock the door when you leave your house.
to meet verb:
met Col Mathers is going to meet Ali at the restaurant.
to pack verb: to put things in a suitcase
My wife packed her suitcase for the trip.
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to pick up verb: to get
I made my travel reservations yesterday. Today, I will pick up the tickets.
to pull verb:
Turn the doorknob and then pull the door open.
to push verb: to put pressure on; to move something with force
You must push the buttons on the telephone to call someone.
to return verb: to come back; to go back
I was in Herat last week. I will return there next week.
to shampoo verb: to wash your hair
My wife shampoos her hair every day.
to sharpen verb:
He sharpened his pencil before the book quiz.
to stop verb:
When the book quiz is finished, stop writing.
to turn verb: to move in a circle
Turn the handle on the pencil sharpener.
to turn off verb: to stop electricity to something
Turn off the radio before you go to bed.
to turn on verb: to start electricity to something
Turn on the TV. I want to watch the football match.
will modal verb: future
I will go to Kabul tomorrow.
won’t modal verb (negative): future (will not)
I won’t go to Kabul tomorrow.
first First, turn the doorknob. Then, open the door.
from prep
The plane will travel from Kabul to Herat.
In prep
The plane departs in ten minutes.
next to prep: beside
The pencil is next to the book.
push-button adjective
You don’t have to dial the phone. It’s a push-button phone.
off prep
Turn the radio off.
On prep
Turn the radio on.
one-way adjective: a trip that doesn’t return to its beginning point
He’s taking a one-way trip from Kabul to Mazar-e-Sharif.
round-trip adjective: a trip that returns to its beginning point
He has a round-trip ticket to England. He’s returning to Kabul next week.
together adverb: with someone or something else
My wife and my sister are traveling together. They will arrive tonight.
tonight adverb: this evening
Let’s go to a restaurant tonight. It’s too hot to cook.
airline noun: a company that sells air transportation
Safi Airlines is the national airline of Afghanistan.
airport noun: a place where flights begin and end
The airport in Kabul is usually crowded.
arrival noun: when a plane lands at its destination
The arrival of Abed’s flight was delayed.
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button noun: a thing used to close a shirt or jacket
I have 6 buttons on my shirt.
cuff noun: the end of a shirt sleeve
Please button the cuffs on your shirt.
customer noun: someone who buys from a business
There are many customers in the grocery store.
departure noun: when the plane begins the trip
Ali: What time does the plane depart?
Andy: The departure is at 1830.
doorknob noun: a thing used to open a door
Turn the doorknob and open the door.
flight noun: a plane trip
The flight from Kabul to Herat takes 3 hours.
gate noun: the place where you get on an airplane
The flight departs from Gate 17.
graduation noun: a ceremony at the end of school
Our university graduation is on Friday.
handle Noun
Turn the handle on the sharpener to sharpen your pencil.
instructions noun: directions; how to do something
I don’t understand this machine. Do you have the instructions?
key noun: used to open a locked door
The door is locked. Do you have the key?
knob noun: a thing used to open a door
Turn the door knob and then open the door.
lock noun: something to close a thing so it can’t be opened
Put the key in the lock and turn it.
phone noun: a telephone
The phone is on the coffee table.
reservation noun: a promise for a ticket on a plane or a room at a hotel
I need to make travel reservations for my trip.
school noun: a place to study and learn
My children go to school every day at 0700.
sharpener noun
We have a pencil sharpener in the classroom.
sleeve noun: part of a shirt or jacket that you put your arm in
I have long sleeves on my new shirt.
suitcase noun: something to put things in for a trip
My wife packed my clothes in a suitcase for the trip.
telephone noun
John called me on the telephone this afternoon.
ticket noun
I will buy my plane tickets tomorrow.
travel agency noun: a place to buy travel tickets
I went to the travel agency to talk to my travel agent.
travel agent noun: a person who sells airplane tickets
I made reservations to go to Egypt. My travel agent gave me a good deal.
trip noun: a journey; travel to a different city or country
I took two trips last year. I went to Egypt and to Italy.
twin noun: brothers or sisters born at the same time
Andy has two sons. They are twins. They are 1 year old now.
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zipper noun: something to close trousers, jackets, .......
My jacket has a zipper. It doesn’t have buttons.
to dial verb: to turn a number wheel with your finger

First, pick up the receiver. Then, dial the telephone number.
to have to verb: must
A sergeant has to salute a captain.
to make verb: to build; to construct
You need two slices of bread to make a sandwich.
among preposition
Tom is the tall boy standing among the students.
between preposition
Tom is the tall boy standing between Roger and Hamidullah.
half adjective: 50% of a total
A half dozen equals 6.
many determiner: before count nouns
There are many students in the classroom.
much determiner: before non-count nouns
There isn’t much milk in the bottle.
bar noun: a piece of soap or candy
At the grocery store I bought a bar of soap and a candy bar.
bean noun
I like to eat beans and rice for dinner.
bottle noun
I drank a bottle of Pepsi with my lunch.
bowl noun
I ate a bowl of soup for lunch.
cake noun
Roger want ice cream and cake for dessert.
can noun
I can buy Pepsi in a can or a bottle.
candy noun
My children like to eat candy.
carrot noun
Carrots are long orange vegetables.
cheese noun
I always put cheese on my hamburger.
chocolate noun
My wife likes to eat chocolate for dessert.
cookie noun
Our son eats cookies and milk after school.
corn noun
Corn is a yellow vegetable.
cup noun
I would like a cup of coffee with dessert.
dessert noun: a sweet
Do you want ice cream or cake for dessert?
dial noun: the wheel on a telephone used to dial the number
Put your finger in the dial and turn it to the right.
dish noun
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Hamidullah wants a dish of ice cream and a bowl of soup.
dozen noun
A dozen equals 12.
gallon noun
4 quarts make a gallon.
glass noun
I’ll drink a glass of water with my sandwich.
ice cream noun
John likes chocolate ice cream.
lettuce noun
I put lettuce on my hamburger.
ounce noun
oz. 8 ounces equal a half pint.
paper noun: something to write on
Write your name on a piece of paper.
pie noun: a sweet for dessert
I ate some chicken for dinner and I had a piece of pie for dessert.
piece noun: a part of something; a sheet (of paper)
I want a piece of cake with my coffee. Write your name on a piece of paper.
pint noun
pt. 16 ounces make one pint.
pound noun
lb. 2.2 pounds make one kilo.
quart noun
qt. Two pints make a quart.
receiver noun: the part of the phone you listen and speak with
Pick up the receiver and listen for the dial tone.
sandwich noun
You need two pieces of bread to make a sandwich.
slice noun: a piece of bread, cake, or pie
You need two slices of bread to make a sandwich.
tomato noun: a red fruit
I ate a sandwich with lettuce and tomato on it.
tube noun: a container for toothpaste
I have to buy a bar of soap and a tube of toothpaste.
vegetable noun
Carrots, corn, and beans are vegetables.
Book 6 Vocabulary
to cry Verb
cried Sue is very sad. She is crying.
to get verb: to change
got (become) It was cold in the morning, but it got warm in the afternoon.
to rain Verb
It’s raining. Take your umbrella.
to shine verb
shone It’s hot outside when the sun shines.
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to snow Verb
The weather is cold. I think it will snow.
to think verb
thought John is thinking about his test tomorrow.
Clear Adjective
There are no clouds in the sky. The weather is clear.
cloudy adjective: full of clouds
It was clear yesterday, but it’s cloudy today.
Dry Adjective
I need a dry towel. This one is wet.
How adverb
How is the weather today?
Nice Adjective
The weather is nice. It’s clear and warm.
Rainy adjective: full of rain
Take an umbrella. The weather looks rainy today.
Sunny adjective: full of sun
There are no clouds in the sky. The weather is sunny.
Upset adjective: angry; worried
The students are all late. The teacher is very upset.
Wet Adjective
It’s raining outside. My clothes are wet.
Windy adjective
It’s very windy today. My hat blew off my head.
change Noun
It rained yesterday, but today it’s nice. I like the change in the weather.
Cloud noun
There are black clouds in the sky. I think that it will rain.
Grade noun: score
Abed’s grade on the book quiz was 98. He got an A+.
Rain noun
The rain is very heavy. You need an umbrella.
raincoat Noun
It’s raining outside. Wear your raincoat so your clothes keep dry.
Score noun: grade
Abed’s score on the book quiz was 98.
shower noun
A shower is a short rain. In the spring there are many showers.
Sky Noun
There are many clouds in the sky today.
Snow noun
In the winter it snows.
Storm noun: wind and rain
There is a bad storm outside. It’s rainy and windy.
Sun noun
The sun comes up in the morning and goes down in the evening.
sunshine Noun
It’s very clear and there is a lot of sunshine.
umbrella noun
It’s raining. You need an umbrella.
weather noun: rain, snow, cloudy, sunny, ......
The weather is very bad today. It’s raining and it’s windy.
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to cut Verb
cut We cut meat with a knife.
to get verb: to travel
got I get to work by bus.
to get on verb: to enter a bus, plane, train, or boat
got The man got on the bus at Olaya Street.
to get off verb: to exit a bus, plane, train, or boat
got The man got off the bus at the market.
to leave verb: to depart
left The plane left at 1800.
to order verb: to ask for food in a restaurant
We went to a restaurant. I ordered chicken.
to travel verb: to go from one place to another place
Ahmed travels from Kabul to Jalalabad every week.
would like (to) modal verb: polite request; + noun or + infinitive
I would like rice for dinner. I would like to eat rice for dinner.
anything pronoun: used with question or negative statement
Ahmed: Do you want anything? Ali: No, I don’t want anything.
awful adjective: bad (food)
The chicken is awful. Don’t eat it.
by preposition: used with method of travel
I travel to Kabul by car every week.
delicious adjective: very good (food)
I like to eat beef. It’s delicious.
her object pronoun: for a woman or girl
Fatima is my friend. I like her.
him object pronoun: for a man or boy
Ali is my friend. I like him.
home noun: the place where you live
My home is a house in Kabul.
later adverb: a time in the future
I have to study now. I will watch TV later.
me object pronoun: for the speaker
My wife cooked dinner for me. It was delicious.
nothing pronoun: not any thing; negative meaning in positive sentence
Ahmed: Do you have anything? Ali: No, I have nothing.
something pronoun: used with a question or positive statement
Ahmed: Do you want something? Ali: Yes, I want something.
sure adjective: 100% belief
He didn’t eat yesterday. I’m sure he’s hungry.
them object pronoun: plural (people or things)
Ali and Ahmed are my friends. I like them.
us object pronoun: used for the speaker and other persons
My brother and I are happy. My father bought us a car.
without preposition: not having any
I drink my coffee without sugar.
blade noun: the sharp part of a knife; part of a helicopter
The helicopters blades are dangerous. The knife has a sharp blade.
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boat noun: a small ship
We went to Egypt by boat.
check noun: the bill in a restaurant
After we ate, the waiter brought our check.
fork noun: an eating utensil
I use a knife and fork when I eat meat.
helicopter noun: a flying machine
My brother is a pilot. He flies helicopters.
house noun: a building where people live
I have a house in Kabul. It is my family home.
jet noun: a fast flying machine
An F-16 is a jet.
knife/knives noun: a sharp tool used for cutting
I use a knife and fork when I eat meat.
menu noun: a card that shows the food you can buy in a restaurant
Here is the menu. What do you want to eat?
napkin noun: a cloth used to stay neat when you eat
Put the fork and knife on the napkin.
plate noun: dish
I ate a plate of chicken last night. It was delicious.
ship noun: a large boat
We put the oil in large ships.
spoon noun: used to eat soup or put sugar in tea
I eat soup with a spoon.
vehicle noun: car; bus; truck; taxi
There was an accident when two vehicles crashed.
waiter noun: a man who serves food in a restaurant
The waiter brought our food.
waitress noun: a woman who serves food in a restaurant
The waitress brought our food.
anything else pronoun phrase: any other thing
Waiter: Do you want anything else? Ahmed: Yes, I’d like soup and salad.
leave a tip verb phrase: give extra money to the waiter for good service
I left a tip for the waiter. It was five riyals.
nothing else pronoun phrase: no other thing
Waiter: Do you want anything else?
Ahmed: No, nothing else.
something else pronoun phrase: anything else; some other thing
Waiter: Do you want something else? Ahmed: Yes, I’d like soup and salad.
to deliver Verb
The mailman delivers letters and packages.
to finish verb
I finished my homework at 8 o’clock.
to give verb
gave He finished the test and he gave it to the teacher.
to mail verb: to put in the mailbox
I wrote a letter yesterday. I mailed it to Ahmed today.
to pick out verb: to select; to choose
Ahmed bought a new car yesterday. He picked out a blue BMW.
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to send verb: to put in the mail; to mail
sent My wife sent her sister a letter yesterday.
to show verb: to let somebody see
You must show your I.D. to cash a check at the bank.
to sign verb: to write your name
After I wrote the letter, I signed my name at the bottom.
also adverb: in addition to
Ahmed will go to Kabul tomorrow. Ali will also go to Kabul.
crowded adjective: full of people
There were many people in the bank. It was crowded.
near adjective: opposite of far
The commissary is near the post office. You can walk there.
address noun: the street name and number of your house
Before you mail the letter, write the address on the front of the envelope.
bank noun: a place to save or borrow money
I need to go to the bank. I have to cash a check.
check noun: a piece of paper that is used as money
I receive my salary in a check each month.
driver’s license noun: a document that gives you permission to drive
You can’t drive until you get your driver’s license.
envelope noun: a container for a letter
Put the letter in the envelope and mail it.
help noun: assistance; aid
When I go to the bank, the teller always gives me some help.
identification noun: I.D.
My driver’s license is good identification.
letter noun: a piece of mail
I got a letter from my brother today.
mail noun: letters and packages
I received a lot of mail today. I got 2 letters and 3 packages.
mailman noun: the person who delivers mail
The mailman delivered many letters today.
money order noun: a check that you buy at the bank
My brother needs money. I’m going to send him a money order.
package noun: a box delivered in the mail
I received a package yesterday. It was full of books.
people noun: men, women, boys, girls
There were many people in the commissary. It was crowded.
postcard noun: a card with a picture on it to send when you are on vacation
I received a postcard from my friend. He’s on holiday in Egypt.
post office noun: a place to mail letters and buy stamps
Ahmed bought some stamps at the post office.
return address noun: your address, written on the top left side of the envelope
When you send a letter, be sure your return address is on the envelope.
stamp noun: a sticker that shows your payment for the mail
Put the stamp on the letter before you mail it.
state noun: one of 50 local governments in the U.S.: New York, Texas, .....
Disney World is in the state of Florida.
street noun: a road
Masood street is in Kabul.
teller noun: a person who works in a bank
My wife is a bank teller.
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traveler’s check noun: a check that is the same as cash when you sign it
It’s not safe to carry cash. Carry traveler’s checks.
cash a check verb: to give a check to the bank for cash
I need some cash. I’ll go to the bank and cash a check.
in line prepositional phrase: waiting behind another person
Sue is waiting in line. There are 3 people in front of her.
to check in verb: to register at a hotel when you arrive

I checked in when I arrived at the hotel.
to check out verb: to pay your bill and leave a hotel
You have to pay your bill when you check out of the hotel.
to load verb: to put film in a camera
Load the film in the camera before you take a picture.
to relax verb: to rest
I’m very tired. I need to relax.
to rest verb: to relax
I’m very tired. I need to rest.
to smile verb: to show that you’re happy
My wife smiled when I gave her the gift.
to stay verb: to live at a hotel; to remain
They stayed at the hotel for three days.
because conjunction: the reason why
I was absent because I was sick.
but conjunction
He wants to run, but he can’t. He hurt his leg.
final adjective: last
Our final book quiz is next week. Then we will graduate.
for preposition: used to show how long
I stayed at the hotel for two weeks.
long (trip/time) adjective: used for distance or time
From Riyadh to New York is a long trip.
We began school yesterday. It will be a long time until we graduate.
overnight adjective: from the evening to the next morning
Ahmed stayed overnight at the hotel. He arrived Sunday night and left Monday
morning.
short (trip/time) adjective
It is a short trip from Camp Morehead to downtown Kabul.
We began school 4 years ago. It will be a short time until we graduate.
why adverb: question word used to find a reason
Ahmed: Why were you absent? Ali: Because I was sick.
camera noun: a machine used to take photos
film noun: used in cameras to take photos
hotel noun: a place to live when you travel
I stay at the Serena hotel when I’m in Kabul.
lake noun: a body of water with land on all sides
I like to swim in the lake when I take a vacation.
mountain noun: a large hill
There is a lot of snow in the mountains.
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ocean noun: a large body of water
There are many ships on the ocean.
rest noun
I’m very tired. I need some rest.
roll (of) noun: a unit of film
I have two rolls of film for my camera.
spoonful noun
Bob is sick. The doctor told him to take a spoonful of medicine every hour.
state noun
There are 50 states in the United States.
tree noun
There are many palm trees in Saudi Arabia.
vacation noun: a time when you don’t have to work
I will take a one month vacation in July. I’m going to travel.
at first prepositional phrase: in the beginning
At first, I was afraid of the dog, but now I like it.
at last prepositional phrase: finally
I studied for 6 hours. At last, I’m finished.
go sightseeing verb: see famous things
I went sightseeing in Washington. I saw the White House.
take a picture of verb: use a camera
take pictures of I want to take a picture of the mountains.
take a rest verb: to relax
I’m tired. I want to take a rest.
take a vacation verb: to stop working for a period of time to relax and rest
He works very hard. He needs to take a vacation.
Book 7 Vocabulary
to compare verb: to see if two things are the same or different

Ahmed compared the BMW and the Mercedes before he bought the BMW.
to describe verb: to tell what something looks like
I can describe Ahmed’s car. It’s a blue BMW with 4 doors.
to draw verb: to make a picture with a pencil, pen, or marker
drew My son likes to draw pictures.
alike adverb: almost the same
Ali’s car and Ahmed’s car are alike. They’re both blue and fast. Ali’s car is a
Mercedes and Ahmed’s car is a BMW.
both adjective: the two
Ahmed is a student. Ali is a student. Both boys are students.
fast adjective: opposite of slow
Ahmed drives very fast. He drives 200 km per hour.
like adjective: alike
Ali’s car is like Ahmed’s car, but it’s not the same.
little adjective: small; opposite of big
A baby is little but a man is big.
narrow adjective: opposite of wide
The road is very narrow. Only one car can drive on it.
opposite noun: opposite of same
Big is the opposite of little.
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other adjective: not this one
I don’t like this car. I like the other car.
round adjective: shaped like a circle
A ball is round.
slow adjective: opposite of fast
Ali drives very slow. He drives 50 km per hour.
strong adjective: opposite of weak
He’s very strong. He can lift the table.
weak adjective: opposite of strong
He’s very weak. He can’t lift the chair.
wide adjective: opposite of narrow
The road to Riyadh is very wide. Many cars can drive on it.
circle noun: a round shape
Draw a circle around the correct answer.
description noun
Teacher: Can you give me a description of a triangle?
Student: Yes, I can. A triangle has three sides.
edge noun: the end
The book is on the edge of the desk.
job noun: work
Ahmed: What’s your job? Ali: I’m a teacher.
line noun
I drew some lines on a piece of paper.
math noun: mathematics
John studies math at his school.
mathematics noun: the study of numbers
John studies mathematics at his school.
mistake noun: an error; an answer that is wrong
Ahmed made a mistake on the book quiz. His score was 98.
rectangle noun: a shape with 4 unequal sides
A rectangle has 4 sides. All of the sides are not the same.
shape noun
Squares, circles, and triangles are shapes.
side noun
Squares and rectangles have 4 sides. Triangles have 3 sides.
square noun: a shape with 4 equal sides
A square has 4 sides. All of the sides are the same.
triangle noun: a shape with three sides
A triangle has three sides.
to add Verb
I added two and two. The answer is four.
to count verb: to find out how many
Ahmed: Did you count the students? Ali: Yes, there are ten students.
to divide (into) verb: to separate into parts
Divide the cake into 6 pieces.
to equal verb: to be the same as
Two plus two equals four.
to explain verb: to help someone understand
I didn’t understand the problem, but the teacher explained it to me.
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to multiply verb
When you multiply five times five, the answer is twenty-five.
to subtract verb: opposite of add
Teacher: Subtract two from six. Ahmed: Six minus two equals four.
to understand verb: to know
I understand this problem. It’s very easy.
any pronoun: used in question or negative statement
Do you have any money? No, I don’t have any.
both pronoun
I have a BMW and a Mercedes. Both are good cars.
curved adjective: not straight
The road is curved. Be careful.
each adjective: every
Each student has a book. There are 10 books and 10 students.
easy adjective: not hard or difficult
This problem is easy. Two plus two is four.
hard adjective: difficult; opposite of easy
This problem is not easy. It’s hard.
heavy adjective: opposite of light
My cap is light. My desk is heavy.
into preposition
Ahmed is walking into the classroom.Ali walked into the door and hurt his head.
My mother cut the cake into ten pieces.
He divided the apple into halves and gave one half to his friend.
light adjective: opposite of heavy
My cap is light. My desk is heavy.
minus preposition: less
Six minus two is four.
more determiner: an additional amount
I’d like some more coffee. I finished this cup.
other pronoun
One car is blue. The other is red.
plus preposition: and
Two plus two is four.
some determiner: an unknown amount
I want to drink some coffee.
straight adjective: not curved
There are 4 straight lines in a square.
than conjunction/preposition
A car is faster than a bicycle.
times preposition
Five times five is twenty-five.
bottom noun: opposite of top
The page number is at the bottom of the page.
center noun: the middle
The radius of a circle is from the center to the outside of the circle.
circumference noun
The line around the outside of a circle is called the circumference.
diameter noun
The line from one side of a circle to the other side is the diameter.
error noun: a mistake
Ahmed made one error on the book quiz. His score was 98.
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explanation noun: something that helps you to understand
I didn’t understand the problem, but the teacher gave me an explanation.
half/halves noun: 50%; two equal parts of a whole
The radius is one half the diameter.
price noun: the cost
The price of the car was SR30,000.
problem noun: question on a math test; something that is difficult
I understood all the problems on the math test.
radius noun: half the diameter
The diameter is 12 inches. The radius is 6 inches.
top noun: opposite of bottom
Write your name on the top of the answer sheet.
total noun: the sum; the complete number
The total of two and two is four.
to climb verb: to go up something

The baby climbed the stairs. The man climbed the mountain.
The cat climbed the tree.
to run verb: to move very fast on your feet
ran We’re late to class. Let’s run.
above adjective: over
The helicopter is flying above our house.
absent adjective: not here; not present
Ahmed is absent today. He’s sick.
around preposition: in a circle
The cat is walking around the tree.
back adjective: in the rear
The back door of the house is in the kitchen.
below preposition: under
The airplane is in the sky. The airport is below the airplane.
by preposition: next to; near
Ahmed’s desk is by the door.
front noun: opposite of rear
In my house, the living room is in the front, and the kitchen is in the rear.
high adjective
In the morning, the sun is low. In the evening, the sun is high.
low adjective
In the morning, the sun is low. In the evening, the sun is high.
next to preposition: beside
Ahmed sits next to Ali in English class.
over preposition: above
The airplane flew over our house.
past adjective: before the present
In English class we studied the past tense.
rear noun: opposite of front
The flowers are in the rear, not in the front of the house.
animal noun
Cats, dogs, and birds are animals.
backyard noun: the land in back of a house
I grow flowers and vegetables in my backyard.
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bird noun: an animal that flies
Birds fly.
cat noun: an animal
I have a dog and a cat.
dog noun: an animal
I have a dog and a cat.
earth noun: the world
We live on the earth.
fence noun
I have a fence around my yard.
flower noun: a beautiful plant
There are many flowers in my front yard.
front adjective: opposite of back or rear
My front yard has flowers. My back yard has grass.
garage noun: a place to put a car at your house
After I get home from work, I put the car in the garage.
gate noun: a door in a fence
Close the gate when you come into the yard.
grass noun
I have beautiful green grass in my front yard.
hill noun: a small mountain
A mountain is taller than a hill.
land noun: earth; dirt; soil; opposite of water or sea
The moon has land but it doesn’t have water.
leaf/leaves noun
Leaves fall from the trees in the autumn.
moon noun
The moon travels around the earth.
past noun: at a time before now
In the past, I lived in Riyadh. Now I live in Hafar Al Batin.
present noun: at this time
At the present, I’m working in Riyadh.
adjective: here; opposite of absent
John was absent yesterday, but today he’s present.
rear adjective: opposite of front
I like to travel in the rear car on a train.
river noun: water that moves toward an ocean or sea
The Nile River moves from Kenya to Egypt.
roof noun
The top of a house is called the roof.
star noun
You can only see stars at night.
world Noun
The earth is also called the world.
yard noun: land around a house with grass or flowers
My house has a big yard. The children like to play in it.
to keep verb: to store; to leave someplace for a long period of time

kept I keep a lot of food in my refrigerator.
to lay (down) verb: to put down on the floor (carpet); to rest on a floor, bed, or sofa
laid The men laid the new carpet in the living room today.
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John lays down on the sofa for a nap every afternoon.
to plug in verb: to provide electricity to a machine

Plug in the computer and then turn it on.Plug the computer in and then turn it on.
to use Verb
I use a knife for cutting meat. I use a knife to cut meat.
often adverb: many times
I often do my homework in the afternoon.
pretty Adjective
I like that car. It’s very pretty. My sister is a pretty girl.
seldom adverb: rarely; not often
He seldom goes to Riyadh. He often goes to Al Khobar.
ugly adjective: not good to look at; opposite of beautiful
That house is ugly. I don’t like the color of it.
usually adverb: almost always
He usually gets up at 0600, but on Saturday he gets up at 0630.
armchair noun: a soft, comfortable chair
I have a sofa and an armchair in my living room.
bookcase noun: a place to keep books
There are two bookcases in the living room.
cabinet noun: a place to keep things
I keep the dishes in a kitchen cabinet.
can opener noun: a tool to open cans
Use the can opener to open the can of vegetables.
carpet noun: rug; something to cover the floor
The carpet in my living room is green.
ceiling noun: the top of a room
The ceiling in this room is very high.
coffee table noun: a small table in the living room
The coffee table is in front of the sofa.
couch noun: sofa
I sometimes sleep on the couch in the afternoon.
curtain noun: something to cover windows
I like the curtains in the kitchen windows.
drapes noun: large curtains; usually in living and bedrooms
Close the drapes. It’s too light in this room.
drawer noun: a place to keep things
My desk has 3 drawers.
end table Noun
The lamps are on the end tables.
fan noun: a machine to move air or to keep you cool
It’s hot in this room. Please turn on the fan.
faucet noun: the place where water flows into the sink
Turn off the faucet when you finish using the water.
floor noun: opposite of ceiling
Your books are on the floor. Please put them in the bookcase.
kitchen noun: a place to cook and clean dishes
I have a big kitchen because my wife likes to cook.
furniture noun: chairs, tables, sofas, .......
Our house is big. We have to buy a lot of furniture.
lamp noun: a light that you plug into a wall
There is a lamp on the end table.
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living room noun: a room with sofas, chairs, coffee tables, ......
We have a TV in the living room and a TV in my bedroom.
outlet noun: a place on the wall to plug something in
Plug the TV in to that outlet on the wall.
pan noun: something that you cook in
My wife cooked chicken in the frying pan.
plug Noun
There is always a plug on an electric machine.
pot noun: something that you cook in
My wife is cooking a pot of soup on the stove.
refrigerator noun: a machine to keep things cold
Put the milk and the juice in the refrigerator.
rug noun: carpet
There’s a very pretty rug on the floor.
shelf/shelves noun
There are 3 shelves on the bookcase.
sink noun
There’s a sink in the kitchen and in the bathroom.
sofa noun: couch
The coffee table is in front of the sofa.
stove noun: a place where you cook your food
We use a stove to cook our dinner.
Book 8 Vocabulary
to be going to + V1 verb: will

Ahmed is going to go to Riyadh today.
to fall verb
fell (down) I fell down when I walked on the ice. In the autumn, leaves fall to the ground.
to follow verb: to go after
I drove to Riyadh yesterday, and Ahmed followed me in his car.
to freeze verb: to go below 0 degrees Celsius or 32 degrees Fahrenheit
froze When water gets very cold it freezes.
to grow verb: to get bigger
grew Farmers grow vegetables.
My son is growing very tall.
to land verb: to finish an airplane flight
The plane landed at the airport at 1830.
to take off verb: to begin an airplane flight
took off This airplane will take off for Riyadh in 10 minutes.
better than adjective: compares two people or things
Ali’s score is 90. Ahmed’s score is 89. Ali is a better student than
Ahmed.
the best adjective: compares three or more people or things
Ali’s score is 90. Ahmed’s score is 89. Abdullah’s score is 88. Ali
is the best student.
centigrade adjective
0 degrees centigrade is freezing.
for (time) preposition
We study English for 45 minutes each period.
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of (north of) Hafar Al Batin is north of Riyadh.
straight (ahead) adjective: no turns

Go straight for two blocks and then
worse than adjective: compares two people or things
Ali’s score is 90. Ahmed’s score is 68. Ali is a worse student than
Ahmed.
the worst adjective: compares three or more people or things
Ali’s score is 90. Ahmed’s score is 89. Abdullah’s score is 68. Abdullah is the
worst student.
block noun: the distance between two city streets
Go two blocks on Olaya Street and take a right.
Celsius noun: centigrade
0 degrees Celsius is freezing.
corner noun: a place where two streets meet
The store is on the corner of Olaya St. and Aruba St.
degree noun: a measure of temperature
It’s 50 degrees Celsius today. It’s very hot.
direction noun
North, south, east, and west are directions.
directions noun: ways to get from one place to another
I don’t know how to get to Riyadh. Do you know the directions.
east noun: a direction
Al Khobar is east of Riyadh.
Fahrenheit noun
It’s 32 degrees Fahrenheit. It’s freezing.
ground noun
The plane landed. It’s on the ground now.
highway noun: a road where cars go very fast
The highway from Riyadh to Maajmah is very good.
ice noun: frozen water
I like to put ice in my Pepsi.
mile noun: 1.6 kilometers
I run 5 miles every day.
north noun: a direction
Hafar Al Batin is in the north. Jeddah is in the south.
park noun
Parks have many trees and flowers.
road noun: a street or highway
The road from Riyadh to Maajmah is a highway.
south noun: a direction
Hafar Al Batin is in the north. Jeddah is in the south.
temperature noun: how hot or cold it is
The temperature is 30degrees Fahrenheit. It’s freezing.
thermometer noun: a thing that measures temperature
I looked at the thermometer. The temperature is 50 degrees Celsius.
west noun: a direction
Iran is to the west of Saudi Arabia.
to exercise verb: to work out

Ahmed exercises every day. He does push-ups and sit-ups.
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to forget (to) verb: opposite of remember
forgot Ali forgot his English book. He left it in the car.
to hit verb: opposite of miss
hit Susan hit the tennis ball with her racket.
to miss verb: opposite of to hit
He wanted to hit the tennis ball, but he missed.
to remember (to) verb: opposite of forget
Ahmed remembered his English book. He didn’t forget it.
to shut verb: to close
shut It’s cold in here. Shut the window.
to try (to) verb: to attempt
tried The student tried to score 100, but he made one mistake.
to work out verb: to exercise
Ahmed works out every day. He does push-ups and sit-ups.
to get in shape verb: to become physically fit by working out
got Ahmed is getting in shape. He works out every day now.
to have a good time verb: to have fun; to do something you enjoy
had My family has a good time when we go to the beach.
to have fun verb: to have a good time; to do something you enjoy
had My family has fun when we go to the beach.
exercise noun: something that you do to get in shape
Push-ups and sit-ups are exercises.
fun noun: something that you enjoy
Playing football is a lot of fun.
gymnasium noun: a place to exercise and work out
The soldiers work out at the gymnasium every day.
push-up noun: an exercise to make the arms and shoulders strong
Ali does 20 push-ups when he gets up in the morning.
sit-up noun: an exercise to make the stomach strong
After he does 20 push-ups, Ali does 20 sit-ups.
volleyball noun: a game
We play volleyball at the gymnasium every afternoon.
watch noun: a timepiece worn on the wrist
Look at your watch and tell me what time it is, please.
workout noun: a period of exercise
Ahmed had a 45 minute workout today. He jogged and did sit-ups.
beautiful adjective: opposite of ugly
That woman is very beautiful.
difficult adjective: opposite of easy
Ahmed thinks that math is easy, but English is difficult.
exciting adjective: opposite of boring
The football game was very exciting. The score was 1-1.
healthy adjective: opposite of sick
The doctor said that Ali is healthy. He’s not sick.
important Adjective
The test is very important. If I pass, I will graduate.
interesting adjective: opposite of boring
This book about Saudi Arabia is very interesting.
terrific adjective: wonderful; very good
The football game was terrific. I had a lot of fun.
theirs possessive pronoun
This is not our car. It’s theirs.
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yours possessive pronoun
This is not my car. It’s yours.
mine possessive pronoun
This is not your car. It’s mine.
hers possessive pronoun
This is not his car. It’s hers.
his possessive pronoun
This is not her car. It’s his.
ours possessive pronoun
This is not their car. It’s ours.
free time expression: time when you don’t have to work or study
The students have free time on Thursday and Friday.
in shape expression: strong and healthy
John exercises every day. He’s in shape.
out of shape expression: not strong
Ahmed never exercises. He’s out of shape.
to call (up) verb: to telephone

Ali called up his wife to tell her he had to work late.
to deposit verb: to put money in
Ahmed deposited money in the pay phone.
to find verb: to learn where something is
found John found his money under the chair.
to hang up verb: to put the receiver down
hung up Susan finished talking and then hung up the phone.
to make (a call) verb: to telephone
made Ali made a call to his wife to tell her he had to work late.
may modal verb: might
Ali may go to Riyadh, but he’s not sure.
might modal verb: may
Ali might go to Riyadh, but he’s not sure.
to pay verb: to give money for a service
paid I have some change. I can pay for the phone call.
busy adjective: somebody is talking (phone)
I called my wife, but the line was busy. I’ll call again later.
cheap adjective: opposite of expensive
My car cost SR1,000. It was very cheap.
expensive adjective: opposite of cheap
My car cost SR100,000. It was very expensive.
just adverb: only
I can’t buy anything today. I have just one dollar.
less/least determiner: a smaller number or amount
Tennis is less exciting than football.
Baseball is the least exciting sport.
local adjective: near; close; opposite of long-distance
Ahmed made a local call. He called Hafar Al Batin.
more/most determiner: a higher number or amount
Tennis is more exciting than baseball.
Football is the most exciting sport.
whom pronoun: used for people; object of preposition
To whom did you give it.
46 | P a g e
Whom did you give it to.
call noun: a conversation you began using the telephone

He received two calls today. One from Ali and the other from Ahmed.
change noun: coins
I have some change with me to make a phone call.
coin noun: round metal money
I have some coins with me to make a phone call.
conversation noun: people talking to each other
Ali and Ahmed had a telephone conversation last night.
factory noun: a place where people make things
BMW makes cars at their auto factory.
kind (of) noun: type
What kind of long distance call do you want to make, person-to-person or station-
to-station.
line (phone) noun: wire over which a telephone call is made
Ahmed tried to call his wife but the line was busy.
0 (“oh”) noun: zero
The number is three-five-oh two-seven-two-oh.
operator noun: a worker who helps people make phone calls
An operator must help you when you make a person-to-person call.
page noun: a part of a book, magazine, letter, or document
There are many pages in the telephone book.
pay phone noun: a telephone that you must put coins in
There’s a pay phone at the restaurant. Call your wife from there.
person noun: a man, woman, or child
A dog is not a person. It’s an animal.
public phone noun: pay phone
There’s a public phone at the restaurant. Call your wife from there.
slot noun: the place you deposit your coin on a pay phone
Deposit your coin in the slot before you push the buttons.
just a minute expression: wait
Ahmed: Ali, please come here.
Ali: Just a minute. I’m busy.
long distance expression: a call to a place far away
call A phone call from Hafar Al Batin to Riyadh is a long distance call.
person-to-person expression: a long distance call to a specific person
call Ahmed is making a person-to-person call. He only wants to talk to his wife.
station-to-station expression: a long distance call to anyone at the number you call
call Ahmed is making a station-to-station call. He wants to talk to anyone in his
family.
to be back verb: to return

I will be back in ten minutes.
to call back verb: call again at a later time
Ahmed: Can I take a message? Ali: No, thanks. I’ll call back in one hour.
to hold verb: to wait for someone to come to the telephone
held Ahmed: May I speak to Sgt. Abdullah?
Please hold. I’ll get him for you.
to hold on verb: same as “to hold”
Ahmed: May I speak to Sgt. Abdullah?
Please hold on. I’ll get him for you.
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to look for verb: to try to find
I’m going to look for an apartment tomorrow. I need a bigger place to live.
to manage verb: to be in charge of
John is an apartment manager. He manages some apartments in Houston.
to rent verb: to pay to use; opposite of “to own”
Ali doesn’t own a house. He rents an apartment.
to ring verb
rang The telephone is ringing. Please answer it.
to tell verb: to say something to
told When my wife calls, please tell her I’ll call her back in one hour.
to wait (for) verb
I can’t go to lunch right now. I’m waiting for a phone call.
from (time) preposition
The men work from 8 o’clock till 3 o’clock.
that conjunction: introduces a noun clause
Tell her that I’ll call her at 7 o’clock.
till (time) preposition
The men work from 8 o’clock till 3 o’clock.
to (time) preposition
The men work from 8 o’clock to 3 o’clock.
until (time) preposition
The men work from 8 o’clock until 3 o’clock.
apartment noun: a place to live in a building with other people
There are ten apartments in that building.
basement noun: the floor below the first floor in a house
I keep my bicycle in the basement.
bedroom noun: the room where you sleep
My apartment has 2 bedrooms and 2 bathrooms.
bell noun: something that rings
Class is finished when the bell rings.
deposit noun: money you pay when you rent an apartment for cleaning
The rent is 500 dollars a month and the cleaning deposit is 200 dollars.
You get the deposit back when you move if the apartment is clean.
dining room noun: the room where you eat
We cook in the kitchen and we eat in the dining room.
garden noun: a place where you grow flowers or vegetables
I have a garden in the back yard. I grow flowers there.
manager noun: a person who is in charge
John has a good job. He’s the manager of a big hotel.
message noun: information from a phone call
I called you yesterday and left a message with your wife. Did you get it?
moment noun: a short time
Please wait a moment. I’ll see if the Colonel is here.
rent noun: the money you pay to live in an apartment
The rent in the new apartment is very high.
resident noun: a person who lives in an apartment or house
Ahmed is a resident in the new apartment building. He moved there last week.
a quarter after expression: fifteen minutes after the hour
What time is it?
It’s a quarter after eight. It’s 0815.
a quarter to/till expression: fifteen minutes before the hour
It’s a quarter to eight. It’s 0745.
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for rent expression
Nobody is living in that apartment. It’s for rent.
half past expression: thirty minutes after the hour
It’s half past eight. It’s 0830.
hold the line expression: wait on the telephone
held Ahmed: Hello, may I speak to Col. Ali, please?
John: Please hold the line. I’ll see if he’s here.
leave a message expression: give information on the phone for someone who isn’t there
left I want to leave a message for my wife. Tell her to call me back in one hour.
take a message expression: to write down information from a phone call
took The colonel isn’t here right now. May I take a message?
Book 9 Vocabulary
to complete verb: to finish
Please complete this form and we will open your new bank account.
to deposit verb: to put money in the bank
Hasan deposited 1,000 dollars in the bank today.
to feel verb
felt Ahmed is going on vacation. He feels happy.
to hide verb: to put something where no one can find it
hid Did you hide my hat? I can’t find it.
to look verb: to appear
John looks happy. He’s smiling.
to lose verb: to be unable to find something
lost Teacher: Where is your homework Johnny?
Johnny: I can’t find it, teacher. I lost it.
to save verb: to put money in the bank to buy something at a later time
John is saving to buy a new car next year.
to smell verb: to have an odor
My wife is cooking dinner. It smells very good.
to sound verb
I like this music. It sounds beautiful.
to spend verb: to use money or time
spent Ahmed spent 10,000 dollars on his new car.
to take verb
took Please take your books home this weekend.
to take out (of) verb
took out Please take your books out of your desk and open them.
to taste verb
This chicken is delicious. It tastes great.
to withdraw verb: to take money out of the bank; opposite of deposit
withdrew I need some money. I’m going to withdraw some from the bank.
immediately adverb: now
Don’t wait until tomorrow. Do that job immediately.
Bitter adjective
This old coffee tastes bitter.
Safe adjective: not in danger
Your money is safe in the bank.
Salty adjective: too much salt taste
These French fries are too salty. You put too much salt on them.
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Soon adverb: in the near future
It’s 1130. We will finish school soon.
Sour adjective: opposite of sweet
This lemon tastes sour.
Sweet adjective: opposite of sour
Sugar is sweet.
Account noun
He has a savings account and a checking account at the bank.
Bill noun: a piece of paper money
Ahmed has 2 twenty dollar bills.
Card noun: a form to write you signature on for the bank
Jane signed a signature card for the bank.
Cash noun: paper money
I don’t have any cash. Can I pay you with a check?
Checkbook noun: a book with checks for your checking account
I didn’t bring any cash, but I brought my checkbook.
checking account noun: an account to keep money that you spend every day
I use the money in my checking account to buy groceries and pay bills.
Deposit noun: money that you put into the bank
I made a deposit of 1,000 dollars yesterday.
Form noun: a piece of paper that you write information on
You must fill out these forms when you open a bank account.
information noun: news, facts
Teller: We need some information to open your account. Fill out this
form, please.
Ahmed: OK, thank you.
Lemon noun: a sour fruit
I like sugar and lemon in my tea.
Passport noun: a document you use to travel to different countries
You need a passport if you want to go to England.
savings account noun: an account for money to buy something expensive or special
I will spend the money in my savings account for a new car when I have enough
money.
Signature noun: your name written on a form or document
Fill out the form and put your signature on the bottom, please.
Slip noun: a form
If you want to take money out of the bank, fill out a withdrawal slip.
Wallet noun: something to keep your money in
I have SR1,000 in my wallet.
Withdrawal noun: money that you take out of the bank
Ahmed made a withdrawal of 2,000 dollars from the bank.
to bother verb: to annoy

My little brother bothers me when I study. He won’t stop talking to me.
to break Verb
broke I broke my coffee cup when I dropped it.
to buckle (up) verb: to fasten your seat belt
Tell the children to buckle up when they get in the car.
Tell the children to buckle their seat belts when they get in the car.
to cause verb: to make happen
Ahmed caused the accident because he was speeding.
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to cross verb: to go from one side to the other
Ali crossed the street at the corner.
to face verb: to look in the direction of; to look at
Jim is facing the sun. It’s difficult for him to see.
to fasten verb: to buckle (seat belt)
Tell the children to fasten their seat belts when they get in the car.
to happen verb: to take place; to occur
The accident happened in the morning.
to keep (on) verb: to continue
kept The soldier was very tired, but he kept on running.
I want you to keep working until you’re finished.
to obey verb: to do what someone tells you; to follow rules
Ali got a ticket, because he didn’t obey the traffic laws.
to ride Verb
rode The boys are riding their bicycles to school today.
to run verb: to move fast on your feet
ran John is walking to school, but Ahmed is running.
across preposition/adverb
The bank is across from the restaurant.
at fault prepositional phrase: to blame
Ahmed was driving too fast. He was at fault in the car accident.
behind preposition: in back of
I drove to work today and John’s car was behind me all the way.
careful Adjective
The sergeant is a careful driver. He never has an accident.
careless Adjective
The private is a careless driver. He goes too fast and he doesn’t obey the law.
dark adjective: opposite of light
It gets dark in the evening.
in back of preposition: behind; opposite of “in front of”
I was waiting on line at the bank. John was in back of me.
in front of preposition: opposite of “in back of
John was waiting on line at the bank. I was in front of him.
light adjective: opposite of dark
It gets dark in the evening. It gets light in the morning.
accident Noun
Mrs. Jones had an accident. Her car hit a tree.
auto noun: a car
John went to the auto shop to get his car fixed.
bicycle (bike) noun: transportation that you ride
John rides his bicycle to school every day. His bike is new.
cause noun: the reason
The cause of the accident was the careless driver.
curve noun: a part of a road that is not straight
You should drive slowly around the curve.
fault noun: responsibility for an accident
The accident was John’s fault. He was driving too fast.
fine noun: money you must pay when you break the traffic laws
The policeman gave Ahmed a speeding ticket. His fine was SR200.
insurance noun: money to pay for accident damage
I had a car accident. My insurance will pay to fix my car.
51 | P a g e
law noun: a rule you must obey
You must not drive too fast. It’s against the law.
light noun: a signal to tell you to stop and go in traffic
The policeman gave me a ticket for running a red light.
place noun: a location; where something is
There are dents in two places on my car.
police noun: law officers
The police want you to obey the law.
police officer noun: a policeman
The police officer gave me a ticket for speeding.
seat belt noun: a safety device in a car
Fasten your seat belt when you get in the car.
ticket noun: something a police officer gives you when you break the law
The police officer gave me a ticket for driving too fast.
traffic noun: cars driving on the road
There is a lot of traffic in Riyadh on Thursday evening.
different from adjective: not the same as
Ahmed is in the Army. Ali is in the Navy. Ali’s uniform is different from
Ahmed’s.
similar to adjective: like; almost the same as
John’s BMW is similar to Ali’s Mercedes. Both cars are blue and have
4 doors.
the same as adjective: exactly alike
Bill’s car is the same as Bob’s car. They’re both blue 2002 Toyota’s with 4 doors.
heavy traffic phrase: many cars on the road so that you can only go very slowly
It took me 2 hours to drive to Hafar Al Batin because there was very
heavy traffic on the highway.
to borrow verb: to receive something for a short time; you must give it back
Ahmed borrowed money from the bank. He must pay it back.
to care about verb: to like or love
Susan cares about her family. She loves them very much.
to care for verb: to like (usually used in the negative)
I don’t care for chicken. I like beef better.
to enjoy verb: to have fun; to have a good time
I enjoy going to the movies.
to fix verb: to repair
John is a mechanic. He’s going to fix my car today.
to guess verb: to think; to believe
I guess John’s at the mess hall. He was hungry.
to hurt (feelings) verb: to make someone feel sad
Robert hurt Sue’s feelings. He said she was too fat.
to lend verb: to give something for a short time
lent Ahmed has no money. I’ll lend him some.
to lie verb: to not tell the truth
Sarah lied to me. She said she did her homework, but she didn’t.
to not care (for) verb: to not like
I don’t care for chicken. I like beef better.
to park verb: to stop your car someplace
Bill parked his car and went into the store.
to repair verb: to fix
John is a mechanic. He’s going to repair my car today.
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should helping verb
Ahmed has a book quiz tomorrow. He should study tonight.
anyone pronoun: not any person (used in question or negative statement)
Is anyone in the classroom?
No, there isn’t anyone in the classroom.
badly adverb: in a bad way
The mechanic repaired my car badly. It still doesn’t work.
carefully adverb: in a careful way
Ali drove carefully. He didn’t go too fast and he buckled up.
carelessly adverb: not carefully
Ahmed drove carelessly. He was speeding and talking on his mobile.
correctly adverb: in the right way
The students answered every question correctly. He scored 100.
easily adverb: without difficulty
He did his homework easily. He was finished in 10 minutes.
excited adjective: happy
Sultan is very excited about his vacation. He’s going to France.
fast adjective: opposite of slow
Sarhan drives very fast. He got a ticket last week.
how adverb: in what way
How did he answer the question?
He answered it correctly.
maybe adverb: possibly
Maybe I will go to Egypt on vacation. I’m not sure.
safely adverb: in a careful way
Ahmed never has accidents. He always drives safely.
slowly adverb: not fast
Ahmed never has accidents. He always drives slowly and safely.
someone pronoun: some person (used in a question or positive statement)
Is someone in the kitchen?
Yes, someone is in the kitchen. It’s Ali.
advice noun: something you say to someone to help them
The teacher gave me some advice. He told me to study and do my homework.
feelings example: happiness, sadness, ........
John hurt Sue’s feelings. He said she was fat. Now, Sarah is crying.
friendship noun: a good feeling between two people
Ahmed and Ali have a good friendship.
garage noun: a place to put your car at home; a place that fixes cars
When I come home, I put my car in the garage.
My car needs repairs. I will bring it to Ahmed’s garage tomorrow.
lie noun: not the truth
Ahmed said he did his homework, but he didn’t. He told a lie.
opinion noun: what you think
I don’t know the answer, but in my opinion, the answer is d.
roommate noun: someone who shares a house or apartment
Susan and Sarah live in an apartment. They’re roommates.
secret noun: something you shouldn’t tell anyone
Ahmed told me a secret. He asked me not to tell Ali.
story noun: something in a book or newspaper
Last night, I read my children the story of Alladin.
tool noun: something you use to fix something
The mechanic needs tools to fix my car.
53 | P a g e
truth noun: something that is true
Ahmed was late. He told the teacher his car broke down, but the truth is that he
slept late.
go out expression: to leave the house at night to have fun
We are going out tonight. We’re going to the cinema.
in my opinion expression: I think
In my opinion, Riyadh is the best city in Saudi Arabia.
to apologize verb: to say you’re sorry

Ahmed apologized for spilling his coffee on me.
to bathe verb: to wash yourself in the bathtub
I took a bath when I got home. After I bathed, I felt good.
to fill (up) verb
John stopped at the gas station and filled up his tank.
Sarah filled up the bathtub and took a bath.
to forgive verb: to accept someone’s apology
forgave Ahmed apologized and I forgave him.
to hang verb
hung My wife hung her clothes in the closet.
to hope verb: to want something to happen
I hope that I pass the test. I studied very hard.
to mean (to) verb: to want to
meant I didn’t mean to spill my coffee on you. I’m sorry.
to realize verb: to understand; to know
When his car wouldn’t start, Jim realized that he was out of gas.
to run out of verb: to use up all that you have
ran The car stopped when it ran out of gas.
My wife went to the grocery store because we ran out of milk.
to spill verb
My shirt is wet because Ahmed spilled his water on me.
to step on verb: to put your foot on
Tom stepped on my foot by accident.
to worry verb: to be afraid about something in the future
The students worried that they wouldn’t pass the test.
almost adverb: not completely
We have a lot of gas in the car. The tank is almost full.
empty adjective: having nothing in it
There’s no gas in the car. The tank is empty.
full adjective: having room for nothing more
The gas tank is full. We don’t need any gas.
hard adjective: opposite of soft
This chair is very hard. It’s uncomfortable.
pleased adjective: happy
I’m very pleased with my score on the test. I got 100.
ready adjective: prepared
My suitcase is packed and the gas tank is full. I’m ready for the trip.
really adverb: very
Ahmed is really tired. He worked very hard yesterday.
so adverb: very
They didn’t want to get up so early, but they did.
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soft adjective: opposite of hard
My pillow is very soft and comfortable.
sorry adjective: feeling bad about
Ahmed was sorry that he caused the accident. He feels bad about it.
worried (about) adjective: afraid of something in the future
John is worried about tomorrow’s test. He didn’t study.
alarm clock noun: a clock with a bell to wake you up
The alarm clock rang at 0600 this morning.
baggage noun: suitcases
We put our baggage in the car and went on our trip.
bath noun: the act of washing in a bathtub
When we got to the motel, I took a bath.
bathtub noun: a place where you take a bath
Jane filled up the bathtub with water.
bill noun: a paper saying how much you must pay
The motel bill was 100 dollars for 2 nights.
blanket noun: something on your bed to keep you warm
I have two sheets and a blanket on my bed.
closet noun: a place to hang your clothes
I have a lot of shirts and jackets in my closet.
end noun: the last part
At the end of the day, we went to sleep.
gas/gasoline noun: fuel for your car or truck
The car needs gas. The tank is almost empty.
gas station noun: a place to buy gasoline
John went to the gas station to fill up his tank.
gauge noun: something that shows you how much gas you have
The gas gauge is on F. That means the tank is full.
hanger noun: something used to hang up clothes
There are many hangers in the closet.
lady noun: a woman
Jane is the lady who works in my office.
ladies’ room noun: a bathroom for women at a public place
Susan went to the ladies’ room to wash her hands.
laundry noun: dirty clothes
My wife did the laundry yesterday. We have clean clothes.
men’s room noun: a bathroom for men at a public place
Ali went to the men’s room to wash his hands.
motel noun: a hotel (usually along a highway)
We will sleep at motels on our car trip.
pillow noun: something to rest your head on when you sleep
I have two pillows on my bed.
restroom noun: a bathroom at a public place
The restaurant has restrooms for men and women.
sheet noun: something that covers your bed
My bed has two sheets and a blanket on it.
tank noun: the part of your car where you put the gas
We need to put some gas in the tank. It’s empty.
Book 10 Vocabulary
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to be supposed to verb: should
There’s a book quiz tomorrow. You’re supposed to study tonight.
to dispense verb: to give out (a machine)
The vending machine dispenses snacks.
to drop verb: to fall
Turn the coin release and your coin will drop into the coin return.
to find out verb: to learn
found out I must find out the date for the book quiz. I don’t know when it is.
to get back verb
got The vending machine didn’t work. I want to get my money back.
to insert verb: to put in
First, insert your coin in the slot. Then wait for the dial tone.
to lift verb: to raise up
This desk is very heavy. Will you help me to lift it, please.
to operate verb: to use; to work
I don’t know how to operate this machine. Can you show me?
to stick verb: to put something somewhere; to attach
stuck Please stick the milk in the refrigerator.
Before you mail the letter, stick a stamp on it.
to teach verb: to show someone how to do something
taught I don’t know how to drive a car. Will you teach me?
to work verb: to operate correctly
This machine doesn’t work. We need to fix it.
after preposition: at a later time
First, put the coin in the slot. After that, make your selection.
another pronoun: a different one
There are three cars outside. One is blue, another is red, and another is green.
before preposition: at an earlier time
John takes a shower before he eats breakfast.
everywhere adverb: in all countries, cities, ......
People play football everywhere.
exact adjective: correct
Use the exact amount of change in this vending machine.
exactly adverb
How much is a Pepsi?
It’s exactly 1 riyal.
favorite adjective: the one I like the most
Football is my favorite sport. Pepsi is my favorite soft drink.
finally adverb: the last thing
First, put in the coin. Then, push the button. Finally, take your candy.
for preposition: to get
He went to the store for some cigarettes.
last adjective: finally; the last thing
First, put in the coin. Then, push the button. Last, take your candy.
lastly adverb: finally
First, put in the coin. Then, push the button. Lastly, take your candy.
no determiner: not any
I have no gas in my car. The tank is empty.
out of phrase: not having any
The vending machine was out of Pepsi yesterday. I drank tea.
popular adjective: liked by many people
Football is a very popular sport in Saudi Arabia.
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stuck adjective: unable to be moved
The door is stuck. I can’t open it.
until conjunction: up to a point in time
He can’t buy a new car until he has 10,000 dollars.
when conjunction: at the time that
He saw the new sofa when he went into the living room.
while conjunction: at the same time as
John listens to the radio while he eats.
candy bar noun: a snack food
I have a candy bar and a Pepsi for a snack every day.
chip noun: a snack food
I had a Pepsi and some chips for a snack.
Knob noun: something you pull on a vending machine or door
Insert your coin and pull the knob underneath your selection.
machine noun: a device that uses electricity
There is a vending machine and a washing machine in the barracks.
Nut noun
For a snack, I like to eat fruit and nuts.
opening noun: a slot
A slot is a small opening in a machine for coins.
selection noun: a choice
Put the coin in the machine and make a selection.
soda/soda pop/soft noun
drink Pepsi is called soda, soda pop, or a soft drink.
Time noun: used for counting events
I went to Riyadh two times last week. The first time was on Monday, and the
second time was on Thursday.
vending machine noun: a machine that sells snacks
I bought a Pepsi from the vending machine.
washing machine noun: a machine that washes clothes
Your clothes are dirty. Put them in the washing machine.
out of order expression: not working
I put my money in the machine, but I didn’t get my candy. The machine is out of
order.
to decide (to) verb: to make a choice

Ahmed didn’t like the Navy. He decided to join the Army.
to introduce verb: to help two people to meet
Ali introduced Ahmed to Abdullah.
to let verb: to allow
let The police won’t let you park your car here.
to receive verb: to get
John received a package in the mail.
to shake verb
shook The men shook hands.
He shook the box to see if it was empty.
to shop verb: to look for something to buy
I shop at the commissary every week.
to write down verb
wrote She wrote down the message on a piece of paper.
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afraid (of) adjective
I’m afraid of tigers.
alone adverb: by one’s self
I live alone. Nobody else lives with me.
down adjective: opposite of up
You can go up or down the staircase.
downstairs adverb: the next floor down
This is the second floor. The pet shop is downstairs on the first floor.
everybody pronoun: everyone
Everybody in the class got a good score on the test.
everyone pronoun: everybody
Everyone in the class got a good score on the test.
polite adjective: nice
Ahmed is very polite. He always says please and thank you.
politely adverb: in a nice way
The man asked me politely
up adverb: opposite of down
This is the first floor. You have to go up to the 2nd floor to buy shoes.
upstairs adverb: on the next higher level
I have a two story house. The living room is downstairs and the bedroom is
upstairs.
adult noun: not a child
My wife and I are adults. My son and daughter are children.
cafeteria noun: a place to buy food; no waiters or waitresses
I eat lunch in the school cafeteria every day.
clothing store noun: a place that sells shirts, pants, jackets, etc.
I bought my new shirts at the clothing store.
department store noun: a large store that sells many types of things
A department store sells clothes, TVs, furniture, and many other things.
escalator noun: a moving staircase
I don’t like to climb stairs. I like to take the escalator.
floor noun: story
The pet shop is on the second floor of the mall.
level noun: floor
The pet shop is on the second level of the mall.
story noun: level; floor
My apartment is in a 6 story building.
introduction noun: the act of being introduced to someone
Ali was introduced to Ahmed yesterday. The introduction was at the office.
mall noun: a building that has many stores and shops in it
Al Akahria mall is in Riyadh, on Olaya Street.
neighbor noun: someone who lives next to or near you
He’s my neighbor. He lives in the house across the street.
parking lot noun: a place where you park your car
There is a big parking lot next to the shopping center.
rule noun: something you should obey or do
One rule of introductions is always introduce men to women.
shop noun: a place where something is sold
The pet shop sells dogs, cats, and birds. The hat shop sells hats.
shopping center noun: a place where there are many stores and shops
The Faisaleah shopping center is in Riyadh, on Olaya Street.
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stairs noun: something you climb to move from one floor to another
The baby climbed the stairs.
supper noun: the evening meal
My wife cooked chicken for supper last night.
variety store noun
A variety store sells many different things.
can modal verb: used for polite requests

could Can you open that door for me, please?
Could you open that door for me, please?
to cover verb: to put something over or on top of something
You need to cover your head. Put on a hat.
to hand (out) verb: to pass out
The teacher handed out the answer sheets to the students.
to hurry (up) verb: to go faster
You must hurry up. We’re late for class.
to inflate verb: to put air into
There’s no air in my tire. I need to inflate it.
to jack up verb: to raise up using a mechanical device
I jacked up my car so I could change the tire.
to keep verb: to store; to put some place for a long time
I keep the spare tire and the jack in the trunk of my car.
to loosen verb: opposite of tighten; to relax tension on
Loosen the lugs before you remove the tire.
to lower verb: to let down
After you change the tire, lower the car back to the ground.
to mind verb: to be bothered by
Student: Do you mind if I smoke in class?
Teacher: Yes, I mind. Don’t smoke in class.
to pass (out) verb: to give to a number of people
The teacher passed out the answer sheets to the students.
to raise verb: to move in an upward direction
Use the jack to raise the car when you change a tire.
to remove verb: to take off
First, remove the hub cap. Then, loosen the lugs.
to replace verb: to change
Your tire is flat. You need to replace it.
to tighten verb: opposite of loosen
After you replace the flat tire, tighten the lugs.
will modal verb: used to make polite requests
would Will you open that door for me, please?
Would you open that door for me, please?
certainly adverb: of course; used to agree completely
Are you going to study for the book quiz?
Certainly.
common adjective: something that most people have
Jacks and lug wrenches are common tools.
enough determiner: the necessary amount
I can buy a new car now. I have enough money.
extra adjective: more than necessary; spare
The teacher has 9 students and 10 books. She has one extra book.
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flat adjective: having no air in it
My tire is flat. I have to change it.
loose adjective: opposite of tight
The lugs on your wheel are loose. That’s very dangerous.
quick adjective: fast
Ahmed is very quick. He’s always the first student to raise his hand.
quickly adverb: in a fast manner
Ali drove to school very quickly when he realized he was late.
spare adjective: extra
John has five tires. Four are on his car and the other is a spare tire.
tight adjective: opposite of loose
Be sure the lugs are tight after you change the tire.
air noun: what you use to inflate a tire
I need to put some air in my tires.
cover noun: something you use to put on or over something
A hub cap is a wheel cover.
hub cap noun: a wheel cover
A car has 4 wheels and 1 hub cap for each wheel.
jack noun: a device used to raise and lower a car
I have a jack and a spare tire in the trunk of my car.
key noun: a device for opening doors
You need the key to open the door.
lug noun: a nut used to keep a tire on a car
Loosen the lugs before you change the tire.
nut noun: lug
Lugs are nuts used to keep the tire on the wheel.
tire noun: a round rubber device on the wheel of your car
I have a flat tire. I need to change it.
trunk noun: the back part of a car, where you keep a tire and jack
Ahmed has a spare tire in the trunk of his car.
wheel noun: the round part of a car that you put a tire on
The lugs hold the wheel on the car.
wrench noun: a tool used to remove lugs
Use the wrench to loosen the lugs when you change the tire.
do....a favor expression: to do something nice for someone
The soldier did me a favor. He changed my flat tire for me.
in a hurry expression: must be somewhere or do something fast
Abdullah is in a hurry. He’s late for school.
of course expression: yes
Are you going to study for the book quiz?
Of course.
the back (of) The trunk is in the back of the car.
the front (of) The engine is in the front of the car.
to be able to verb: can

John can speak French. He is able to speak three languages.
to collect verb: to gather together over a long time
I like to collect coins. I began my collection ten years ago.
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to marry verb: to take a husband or a wife
John is going to marry Sue next week.
to own verb: to have something that is yours
John owns a new car. He bought it last week.
to take (time) verb: to use in travelling
took It takes 4 hours to drive to Riyadh.
to type verb: to use a computer or typewriter to make a document
The secretary typed a letter for the boss.
to work on verb: to fix (a car)
I’m going to work on my car today. I need to fix it.
about preposition: close to in number
It’s about 500 km to Riyadh by car. It’s exactly 491 kilometers.
famous adjective: known by very many people
King Fahad is a very famous man in Saudi Arabia.
from preposition: beginning at
From Hafar Al Batin to Riyadh is about 500 kilometers.
how far adverb: what is the distance
How far is it to Riyadh?
It’s about 500 kilometers.
it (impersonal) pronoun: temperature, weather, time
It is raining. It’s cold. It’s 3 o’clock.
married adjective: has a wife or husband
John is married. He’s not single anymore.
pleasant adjective: nice
The weather in Italy is very pleasant during the summer.
single adjective: not married
My brother is still single, but he’s going to get married next year.
article noun: a story in a newspaper
There was an article in the newspaper about the accident.
aunt noun: a father’s or mother’s sister
Jane is my aunt. She’s my father’s sister.
baby noun: a very young boy or girl
My wife had a baby last year.
boss noun: manager
My boss told me to take a holiday today.
business noun: a money-making enterprise
My father is in the clothing business. He has a clothing store.
cashier noun: someone who collects money in a store
I paid the cashier and she gave me my change.
collection noun: a group of things that are alike
I collect coins. I have a big coin collection.
cousin noun: an uncle’s or aunt’s son or daughter
Susan and John are my cousins. They are my uncle’s children.
dentist noun: a doctor for teeth
I have a toothache. I have to go to the dentist.
folks noun: family
My folks will visit me next week. My mother, father, and sister will arrive on
Sunday.
grandfather noun: your mother’s or father’s father
Ahmed is my grandfather. He is 81 years old.
grandmother noun: your mother’s or father’s mother
Mary is my grandmother. She is 80 years old.
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grandparent noun: your mother’s or your father’s parents
Everyone has 4 grandparents.
magazine noun: something to read with many stories and articles
I read a newspaper and a magazine every day.
marriage noun: joining of a man and woman for making a family
John and Susan are married. Their marriage was in 1998.
nephew noun: your brother’s or sister’s son
Mohammed is my nephew. He’s my sister’s son.
news noun: information that happened recently
I watched the news on TV last night.
newspaper noun
The Arab News is a newspaper in Saudi Arabia.
niece noun: a brother’s daughter or a sister’s daughter
My niece is named Susan. She’s my brother’s daughter.
occupation noun: job
My father’s occupation is teaching. He’s an English teacher.
parent noun: a father or mother
My parents have five children.
relative noun: someone who is in your family
Uncles, aunts, nieces, nephews, and cousins are relatives.
salesman noun: someone who sells something
My father is a salesman. He sells cars.
secretary noun: a person who types and helps the boss
The secretary types letters every day.
uncle noun: your father’s brother or your mother’s brother
My uncle lives in Riyadh. He is my mother’s brother.
work noun: the job you do
I have some work to do this morning.
to get married verb: to marry; to take a husband or wife
John and Sue are getting married next week.
Book 11 Vocabulary
Ache verb: to hurt

My head aches. I need to take some medicine.
Catch verb: to get a sickness from another person; to pick something out of the air
caught I caught a cold last month when the weather was bad.
My son likes to catch the ball when I throw it.
come in verb: to visit (the doctor)
came Patient: I feel sick, doctor.
Doctor: Can you come in to see me tomorrow?
connect verb: to bring together
The children are connecting the dots on the page.
cough verb: air suddenly comes out of your throat with a short loud sound
John has a cold. He coughs and sneezes a lot.
run / verb: to have (a temperature/fever)
ran John is sick today. He is running a fever.
see (a person) verb: to visit
saw I need to see my doctor. My chest hurts.
sneeze verb: sudden release of air suddenly from the nose and mouth in an
uncontrollable way
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John has a cold. He coughs and sneezes a lot.
annual adjective: yearly

John goes to the doctor once a year. It’s his annual visit to the doctor.
any longer adverb: anymore
Ali lives in Jeddah now. He doesn’t live in Riyadh any longer.
Anymore adverb: something that no longer exists or occurs presently
Ali lives in Jeddah now. He doesn’t live in Riyadh anymore.
horizontal adjective: from side to side
The door is vertical. The desk is horizontal.
Parallel adjective: running next to each other, but never touching
The two lines are parallel. ========
perpendicular adjective: at a 90° angle to
Aruba Street in Riyadh is perpendicular to Olaya Street.
Regular adjective: done at a usual time
John has a regular tennis match every Friday at 5 o’clock with Jim.
Runny adjective: liquid is coming out of your nose because you are ill
My brother has a bad cold. He has a runny nose and a cough.
Since conjunction/preposition: from a particular time or event in the past until now,
or in that period of time
I’ve been studying English since 1998.
I’ve been studying English since I arrived in London.
sometime adverb: at a particular time in the past or future
I want you to visit me sometime.
Still adverb: up to this time
My brother still lives in Riyadh.
Then adverb: at that time
I’m going to visit you next Sunday. I’ll see you then.
Vertical adjective: from top to bottom
The door is vertical. The desk is horizontal.
ache noun: a pain
I have an ache in my back. I need to sit down.
appointment noun: a set time to do something or to meet someone
I have an appointment with my doctor tomorrow.
Back noun: the back part of your body, above the waist
John isn’t feeling well today. His back hurts.
backache noun: pain in the back
It’s hard for me to stand up. I have a bad backache.
Checkup noun: a physical examination
I went to my doctor for my annual checkup yesterday.
Chest noun: the front part of your body above your stomach
When I cough, my chest hurts.
Cold noun: a sickness that makes you cough and sneeze
If you don’t wear a coat in the cold weather, you will get a cold.
Cough noun: a symptom of a cold
I heard a cough from the classroom. A student has a cold.
dot noun: a point
The child is connecting the dots to make a picture.
ear ache noun: pain in the ear
My ear hurts. I have a bad earache.
emergency noun: something that needs immediate attention
Ahmed was hurt badly in a car accident. It’s an emergency.
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examination / exam noun: a check up by the doctor
The doctor gave me an examination to see if I had any problems.
Fever noun: a temperature
John’s temperature is 103°. He has a bad fever.
headache noun: pain in the head
My head hurts a lot. I have a bad headache.
inch / inches noun: 2.5 centimeters
My pen is 6 inches long.
Middle noun: the center
City Center is in the middle of Riyadh.
Nurse noun: someone whose job is to help the doctor
My sister is a nurse. She works in a hospital.
Pain noun: something that hurts or aches
Susan went to the doctor. She had a bad pain in her arm.
Patient noun: a sick person under a doctor’s care
The doctor has a patient who is very sick.
Physical noun: an examination by a doctor
Ahmed had his annual physical yesterday.
Problem noun: a symptom or an injury (medical)
The doctor said he can fix my problem. I have a bad backache.
Sneeze noun: the act of sneezing
I heard a sneeze. Somebody has a cold.
Stomach noun: body part below your chest and above your waist
He’s very fat. His stomach is big.
stomachache noun: pain in the stomach
Ahmed ate too much for dinner. He has a stomachache.
Symptom noun: a part of a sickness
Coughing and sneezing are symptoms of a cold.
temperature noun: a fever
John has a fever. His temperature is 103°.
Become verb: shows a change in condition

became He was well yesterday, but he became sick after he ate too much.
Confuse verb: to make someone not understand
This math problem confuses me. I don’t understand it.
fail (to) verb: to not do something
Ahmed failed to stop at the red light and the policeman gave him a ticket.
Flash verb: to go on and off (a light)
The police car’s lights were flashing.
Follow verb: to go behind or after somebody
The car was behind me. It was following me.
get / got verb: become; shows a change in condition
It was cold when the day began. It got hot in the afternoon.
Mean verb: to intend to express a particular idea or feeling
The red light means stop.
Pass verb: to go around another car
The car in front of me was going slow. I passed it.
pull over verb: to drive your car to the side of the road and stop
I pulled over and got out of the car when I ran out of gas.
Signal verb: to blink your lights so the driver in back of you knows where you’ll turn
I signaled that I was going to turn right.
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slow down verb: to become slower, or to make something slower
slow up You’re going too fast. Slow down!
We’re coming to a curve. You should slow up.
speed up verb: to go faster
sped We’re going to be late. You need to speed up.
Yield verb: to slow down and let another car go
When you are getting on the highway, you should yield to cars on the highway
ahead of preposition: in front of
There were many people ahead of Ahmed in the line.
Anybody pronoun: any person
Was anybody late for class today?
Cautious adjective: careful
John is very cautious. He always drives very slowly.
Cautiously adverb: in a careful way
John drives cautiously. He never goes too fast and he always signals his turns.
Lost adjective: doesn’t know where one is
Ahmed is lost. It’s his first time in New York and he doesn’t know where
anything is.
Nervous adjective: afraid
Ahmed is nervous. There’s a big test tomorrow and he didn’t study.
no one pronoun: no person
nobody That house is empty. Nobody lives there now.
That house is empty. No one lives there now.
one-way adjective: traffic can only go in one direction
This is a one-way street. You can only go north.
Relaxed adjective: calm and not worried or angry
I can’t be relaxed when I drive. I’m always nervous.
Somebody pronoun: some person
I put my sandwich on the table and somebody ate it.
That relative pronoun: introduces an adjective clause (people or things)
This is the car that I want to buy. This is the woman that married my son.
two-way adjective: in two directions
This is a two-way street. You can go north or south.
Which relative pronoun: introduces an adjective clause (things)
This is the car which I want to buy.
Who relative pronoun: introduces an adjective clause (people)
This is the woman who married my son.
Caution noun: care
Ali is a careful driver. He always uses caution when he drives.
railroad crossing noun: a place where a train can cross the road
There’s a railroad crossing on this road where the trains cross the road.
Instructor noun: teacher
The flying instructor teaches pilots to fly.
Intersection noun: a place where one road crosses another road
You have to make a left turn at the intersection.
Lane noun: part of the road where one car can drive
The highway to Riyadh has three lanes.
Mind noun: thoughts; brain
When you’re in the classroom, you should keep your mind on the teacher.
Pedestrian noun: someone who is walking
Be careful of pedestrians when you are driving.
right-of-way noun: the right to go first
A car that is already on the street has the right of way in traffic.
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Sidewalk noun: a place for people to walk next to a street
Pedestrians should walk on the sidewalk, not on the street.
Sign noun: something that tells you traffic rules
There are many signs on the street. There are speed limit signs and stop signs.
Signal noun: a light that tells you to stop and go in your car
The signal was red, so I stopped my car.
Speed noun: how fast you’re going
Ahmed’s speed was 100 miles per hour.
speed limit noun: the fastest you can go and not get a ticket
The speed limit in Saudi Arabia is 120 kilometers an hour on the highway.
steering wheel noun: the wheel you turn with your hands to make the car turn
Always keep your hands on the steering wheel when you are driving.
stop sign noun: a sign that indicates you must stop moving as in a car
If you run the stop sign. You will get a ticket.
Turn noun: a place where you can go right or left
You must make a right turn at the next street.
Way noun: method
I don’t understand the right way to operate this machine.
in advance phrase: early
If you want to go to the cinema, buy your tickets in advance.
miles per hour noun: a way to measure speed
John was driving very fast. He was going 100 miles per hour.
Charge verb: to buy something with a credit card

John didn’t have any cash. He charged his new clothes.
Credit verb: to add money to an account
I returned the shirt I bought to the store. They didn’t give me a refund, but
they credited my account for $25.00.
exchange verb: to change for something else
Jane bought a dress. It was too big. She took it to the store and exchanged it for a
smaller one.
give back verb: to return; to refund
gave The store will give back your money if you’re not satisfied.
Grease verb: to put grease or oil on a part
The mechanic greased the engine parts.
guarantee verb: to promise that something will happen
The mechanic guaranteed he would fix my car.
Leak verb: to accidentally lose fluid through a hole
The hose I bought leaked. I returned it for a refund.
Oil verb: to put oil on a part
The mechanic oiled the engine parts.
Refund verb: to give money back for something bought
The radio I bought didn’t work, so the store refunded my money.
Satisfy verb: to make someone happy; to fill someone’s needs
The mechanic satisfied me. He fixed my car for a good price.
Stall verb: to stop (an engine)
My car stalled on the way to work, and I had to walk.
tune up verb: to make a car run better by doing maintenance
I’m having a lot of car trouble. My mechanic is going to tune it up.
warm (up) verb: to let an engine run for a short time before driving
When the weather is cold, you should warm up the engine before driving.
dissatisfied adjective: unhappy with a product or service
I was dissatisfied with that restaurant. The food was very bad.
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Greasy adjective: having too much oil or grease
I don’t like this chicken. It’s too greasy.
Leaky adjective: having one or more leaks
My kitchen faucet is leaky. I can’t fix the leaks.
Noisy adjective: having too much noise
I can’t study in the barracks. It’s too noisy.
Oily adjective: having too much oil
The floor in the garage is very oily. This salad is too oily.
Satisfied adjective: contented; happy; pleased
John was very satisfied with the mechanic. His car runs very well now.
Too adverb: to a higher degree than is wanted
The chicken is too greasy in that restaurant. I didn’t like it.
unhappy adjective: not happy; angry
The mechanic did not fix my car correctly. I’m very unhappy.
on sale expression: being sold for a lower price
This car is on sale. Last week it cost $10,000. This week it costs $9,000.
Brake noun: the device that stops the car
Ahmed’s car is in the garage. He needs to get new brakes.
Bug noun: an insect or small creature
A fly is a bug.
charge noun: cost; price to pay
I must pay for my plane ticket to Riyadh, but there is no charge for my baby.
Credit noun: the ability to buy something and not have to pay until later
I have credit at that store. I can buy now and pay later.
engine noun: motor
The mechanic is putting a new engine in my car.
Fly noun: a six-legged flying insect
That restaurant is dirty. I found a fly in my soup.
grease noun: used to lubricate the wheels; also used to cook food
The mechanic put some grease on the wheels.
My mother used some cooking grease to fry the chicken.
guarantee noun: a promise to do good work or refund your money
The mechanic gave me a guarantee on this engine. If it doesn’t work, he will give
my money back.
Hose noun: a flexible tube used to carry water
Jim bought a garden hose to water his flowers.
Leak noun: a hole which lets water escape
This hose has a leak in it. Take it back to the store for a refund.
Motor noun: engine
The motor in my car is in excellent condition.
Noise noun: sound
I hear a loud noise when I started my car.
Oil noun: used to lubricate a car engine; used to cook or flavor food
You should change the oil in your car every 3,000 miles.
I like to put oil on my salad.
Part noun: a necessary piece of a machine
My car isn’t working. I need some new parts for the engine.
refund noun: money you receive when you bring back something you bought
I didn’t like the radio I bought. I took it back to the shop for a refund.
sales slip noun: a receipt; a paper saying how much you paid
The store will give you a refund if you show them your sales slip.
satisfaction noun: fulfillment of one’s needs
I got satisfaction from that shop. The manager gave refunded my money for the
bad radio I bought.
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service noun: help or work that a business provides for customers, rather than goods
produced by a business
I like going to that car wash. They have such good service.
tune-up noun: a service provided by a gas station to make your car run better
The mechanic gave my car a tune-up.
Could verb: ability… able to do something

Could you open the door please?
entertain verb: to amuse or interest
The circus was very entertaining… The magician was very entertaining.
Feel verb: to perceive; to explore by touching; to experience an emotion
felt I feel he made a bad decision… The ice feels cold… I feel happy
frighten verb: to make afraid; terrify
The lion frightens me… I am frightened of the dark.
intend (to) verb: to plan to; to mean to; to be going to
I intend to go to Riyadh… I intend to study for the next test.
laugh (at) verb: to express amusement; make sounds with voice showing happiness
He laughed at the joke I told him.
Love verb: to have strong feelings for; to care for
I love my wife.
plan (to) verb: to intend to; to mean to
I plan to visit my family on the weekend.
recommend verb: to suggest; to propose; to advocate
I recommend you study for the quizzes if you want to go to America
Serve verb: to supply; set food before somebody
The waiter served dinner within 15 minutes.
Spend verb: to devote time
I spent a lot of time to learn English.
boring adjective: uninteresting, dull
He is not an interesting person. He is a boring person.
Busy adjective: active; energetic
He has many things to do. He is really busy.
Dull adjective: boring; not sharp
That was a dull movie… He is a dull person.
entertaining adjective: amusing and interesting
That was an entertaining movie… The show was very entertaining.
frequently adverb: happening often
We go to Riyadh frequently… He frequently does not do his homework.
frightening adjective: terrifying
Watching the horror movie was a frightening experience.
Funny adjective: amusing; causing laughter
The movie was so funny I couldn’t stop laughing.
great adjective: very good, excellent
It was a great vacation… He was a great man.
impolite adjective: not polite; rude; ill-mannered; bad-mannered
He was very impolite.
impolitely adverb: rudely; coarsely
He was rude. He spoke impolitely.
loud adjective: strong noise; noisy
The music was so loud I could not hear what you said.
loudly adverb: noisily
The brown dog barked loudly.
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prompt adjective: punctual; on time; acting without delay
He arrives at 8 AM every morning. He is always very prompt.
promptly adverb: punctually; on time; quickly; rapidly; swiftly
My alarm clock wakes me up promptly at 7 AM.. He came very promptly.
reasonable adjective: fair; sensible; rational
He is a very reasonable person.
reasonably adverb: fairly; sensibly; rationally
I am reasonably certain that he did not study for the test.
rude adjective: impolite; not polite
He is a rude person.
rudely adverb: impolitely; not politely
He spoke very rudely in the meeting.
sharp adjective: having a fine edge/ point; keen; intelligent
He has a sharp knife… He is very sharp.
since conjunction (for the reason that); because
Since he joined the military he has become a more serious person.
terrible adjective: awful; very bad
He got 20 on the book quiz. He is a terrible student.
terribly adverb: awfully; very badly
He was terribly upset when he failed the course.
wonderful adjective: superb; fantastic; great
Seeing the pyramids was a wonderful experience.
cards noun: a set of 52 cards; game played with cards
Do you want to play a game of cards?… I collect baseball cards.
channel noun: a TV or radio frequency band
There is a good movie on channel 3.
commercial noun: an advertisement on radio or TV
Did you see the commercial for the new Toyota Camry?
dish noun: something to serve food on such as a plate, cup, saucer, salad bowl
It is your turn to wash the dishes.
entertainment noun: the act of amusing people
The entertainment was exciting… The entertainment was awful.
love noun: a strong feeling of fondness for a person
My love for you will last forever… Love is a very strong emotion.
plan noun: a scheme; an idea about how to do something
I have a plan for moving to Riyadh.
program noun: show; plan; list; agenda
I watched a TV program last night… I have a program for the next course.
variety noun: assortment, mixture
There is a variety of items for sale in the store.
as a matter of fact expression: really; actually
As a matter of fact, he answered the question correctly
if you ask me expression: in my opinion
If you ask me, I think he is wrong. If you ask me, Riyadh is a nice city.
in fact expression: actually; in effect; really
In fact, it is a true story… In fact, he went to Riyadh this weekend.
Book 12 Vocabulary
be over verb: to be finished

The test was over at 1030, but I finished early.
belong (to) verb: to be owned by
The blue car belongs to Ahmed.
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blow verb: to force air to move
blew / blown The wind is blowing very hard today and there is a sandstorm.
clear up verb: to become nice (weather)
This morning is cloudy, but I think it will clear up this afternoon.
expect (to) verb: to believe that something will happen
I expect to take leave in December.
last verb: to exist before ending or finishing
The test will last for 45 minutes.
This weather might last for three days.
remain verb: to stay
I’m going to remain in Riyadh until Friday evening.
slip verb: to fall down after stepping on something slippery
Ahmed slipped on the ice and fell down.
stay verb: to remain
It’s going to stay cloudy until tomorrow, and then it will clear up.
calm adjective: peaceful; gentle
The sea is very calm today. There is no wind.
clear adjective: easy to see through; easily understood
The water is very clear. Look at the fish.
The answer to this math problem is clear. 2 + 2 = 4.
dangerous adjective: full of danger
Some sports are very dangerous. You can get hurt badly.
deep adjective: a long distance to the bottom
The water in the sea is very deep.
during preposition: while something else is happening or time is passing
During the summer, I go swimming every day.
ever adverb: at any time; even one time
Do you ever play football during the winter.
except preposition: not including; but
I work every day except Friday.
freezing adjective: below 32 degrees Fahrenheit or 0 degrees Celsius
The temperature in New York is freezing during the winter.
frightened adjective: afraid; scared
The little girl was frightened by the loud noise.
humid adjective: a way to describe weather when the air has water in it
The air in Al Khobar is very humid.
if conjunction: begins a clause
We can go on Sunday if it rains on Saturday.
like preposition: in a similar way
John is tall like Jim.
no longer phrase: not true anymore
He was a soldier for 20 years, but he’s no longer in the Army.
none pronoun: not any
Are there any cars in the parking lot?
No, there are none.
occasionally adverb: sometimes
I occasionally go to Riyadh on the weekends.
quiet adjective: with little or no sound or noise
It’s very quiet in the house when the children are sleeping.
slippery adjective: difficult to hold
The road is very slippery when there’s snow on it.
unpleasant adjective: not nice
The weather is very unpleasant during the summer.
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beach noun: the land next to a sea or ocean
When I go to Jeddah, I always go to the beach.
breeze noun: a soft wind
There is a nice breeze on the beach. It’s very comfortable.
climate noun: the weather of a place
The climate of Saudi Arabia is very hot and dry.
heat noun: hotness
We get heat from the sun.
humidity noun: the percentage of water in the air
The humidity of the air in Al Khobar is very high.
sea noun: a large body of water
The Red Sea is near Jeddah.
thought noun: something that we think
I had a thought yesterday. Why don’t we go to Riyadh tomorrow.
wind noun: moving air
The wind blew away my hat.
accept verb: to agree to take (a job); to receive

I was offered a job in Riyadh. I accepted the job.
discuss verb: to talk about something
My wife and I discussed our vacation plans.
educate verb: to teach
Teachers educate our children.
offer verb: to ask someone if they want something
His car broke down. I offered to drive him to work.
refuse verb: to say no; to not take (a job)
I asked him for help, but he refused. He said no.
retire verb: to stop working when you become older
Ahmed was in the Army 25 years. Then he retired.
take verb: to accept (a job); to study (a course)
took / taken My brother took a job with Saudi Arabian Airlines.
I take Arabic classes every week.
talk over verb: to discuss
My wife and I talked over our vacation plans.
think over verb: to think about a decision; to consider carefully
thought The school offered me a job, but I need to think it over.
turn down verb: to refuse; to say no
I turned down a job in Riyadh because I want to work in Jeddah.
already adverb: by or before a given time; completed in the past
Ahmed already talked to the Captain. He talked to him yesterday.
confused adjective: unable to think or understand clearly
Ali was confused yesterday and didn’t pass the math test.
confusing adjective: causing inability to be understood clearly
That sentence is confusing. I don’t understand it.
instead of adverb: in the place of
Abdullah is going to study English instead of French next year.
just adverb: recently completed in the past; a short time ago
I’m not hungry. I just ate.
medical adjective: about the field of medicine
My son wants to be a doctor. He’s going to medical school.
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professional adjective: concerning career or job
John is going to university. It will be good for his professional growth.
so conjunction: because of that; therefore
He didn’t study for the test, so I think he will do badly.
technical adjective: about a specific or applied science
He studies engineering and computers at school. There’re technical classes.
yet adverb: up to now; until this time
Ali hasn’t come to class yet. He’s late.
associate degree noun: certificate usually given for competing a two year course of study
I hate school, so I only got an associate degree.
bachelor’s degree noun: certificate usually given after completing a four year course of study
Hooray! I just graduated with my bachelor’s degree.
career noun: profession or occupation that one plans to do for a long time
He was in the army for 25 years. He had a military career.
choice noun: a selection between two or more things; that which is chosen
He was offered two jobs. He must make a choice.
college noun: a school for advanced education, especially in a particular skill of
profession
After high school, I will go to college.
course noun: a subject or series of courses studied in school
The cadets are taking an English course.
decision noun: a choice or selection
He received two offers and will make a decision tomorrow.
degree noun: a diploma; title given by a university
I received a degree in Arabic from Brown University.
diploma noun: a certificate for completion of a course
When I finished high school. I received a diploma.
discussion noun: a talk between two or more people
My wife and I had a discussion last night about our vacation.
education noun: knowledge and learning from studying in school
Ali got a good education at the university.
educator noun: a teacher
My brother is an educator in middle school.
elementary school noun: a school where the first five grades (1-5) are taught
My six year-old just began elementary school.
field noun: an area of study or interest; a profession
Three popular fields of study are medicine, business, and education.
future noun: the time after now, after the present
I live in Riyadh. In the future, I will move to Jeddah.
grade noun: a level or year in school
After the twelfth grade, many students go to college.
high school noun: grades 9-12; the four years of school before college
After I graduate high school, I will go to college.
master’s degree noun: 2-5 years of school beyond a bachelor’s degree
Wayne worked very hard and earned two master’s degrees.
middle school noun: a school where grades 6-8 are taught
Middle school is between elementary and high school.
offer noun: a invitation to accept a job, a gift, some food, etc.
My wife is a teacher and just received a job offer from another school.
Ph. D. noun: Doctor of Philosophy; advanced degree involving 3-8 years of school
beyond a master’s degree
She is unable to complete her Ph. D. because she had children.
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profession noun: a career field; job
Ahmed: What is Sultan’s profession?
Ali: He is a doctor.
professional noun: one engaging in work requiring special training or knowledge
Paul is a professional in the kitchen. He’s a cook.
refusal noun: the answer of no (to an offer)
Jane won’t accept the new job and will give her refusal tomorrow.
university noun: an educational institution offering bachelor’s degrees and more
A university offers degrees in many fields.
add on verb: to build another room for your house

Our house is too small. I want to add on a den
boil verb: to heat to a temperature of 100 Celsius or 212 Fahrenheit
My wife boiled some water for tea.
build verb: to make from wood or stone (a house or a room)
built / built My father built our house ten years ago.
burn verb: to be on fire
We burn wood in our fireplace
could verb: possibility
Ahmed is not here today. He could be sick.
enlarge verb: to make bigger
The kitchen is too small. I want to enlarge it.
get together verb: to meet
got / gotten My friend and I get together every Friday for a barbecue.
heat verb: to make hot
The food is cold. Please heat it in the microwave.
leave verb: to let something stay the same
Let’s make the patio larger, but leave the kitchen the same size
play verb: to make sound with
Ahmed played the CD in his car.
solve verb: to find the answer to a problem
Jim got 100 on the Math test. He solved all the problems correctly.
take place verb: to happen
took / taken The book quiz took place in the lab.
interested (in) adjective: wanting to know about
Ahmed is interested in airplanes. He wants to be a pilot.
near preposition: close in time or distance
We are planning to go to Riyadh in the near future.
perhaps adverb: maybe
Perhaps we can eat at the new restaurant tonight.
then adverb: used to say what happens next
Mr. Ahmed: The mechanic will fix the car tomorrow.
Mrs. Ahmed: Then we can drive to Riyadh tomorrow.
tiring adjective: causing physical tiredness
Running is a very tiring exercise.
addition noun: a room added on to a house
Our house was too small, so we built an addition to it.
builder noun: someone who builds houses
The builder will finish our house next week, then we can move in.
cassette noun: a tape
The students listen to cassettes in the language lab.
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den noun: a family room for relaxing
We have a television in the den and in the living room.
dining room noun: a room for eating
My mother cooks in the kitchen and we eat in the dining room.
fire noun: something burning
There is a fire in the fireplace to keep us warm
fireplace noun: a place in the house to build a fire
There is a fire in the fireplace to keep us warm
get-together noun: a meeting, usually for fun
Out family is having a get-together next week at my house.
idea noun: a plan; an opinion
I have an idea for the new addition to my house
meeting noun: a get-together, usually for business
The students will have a meeting tomorrow after school.
microwave noun: an oven for heating or cooking things
Heat some food in the microwave for lunch.
oven noun: a kitchen device for cooking things
My wife cooked the chicken in the oven.
patio noun: an uncovered, paved area near the house
It’s a beautiful day. Let’s eat dinner on the patio.
plan noun: a diagram or picture of an idea for building
We will build a house after I finish the plan.
record noun: a disk containing music
Ahmed played the Michael Jackson record in his room.
room noun: space; area
The kitchen is too small. There isn’t enough room to cook.
shed noun: a small building for keeping tools
I keep the garden tools in the shed
solution noun: the answer to a problem
He found the solution to the math problem
stereo noun: a machine for playing music
My friends listened to some music on the stereo.
story noun: a floor or level of a building
My house has two stories. The bedrooms are upstairs and the living room is
downstairs.
suburb noun: an area outside of the city
Ahmed works in Riyadh, but he lives in the suburbs.
trouble noun: a cause of difficulty; a problem
I got 60 on the book quiz. The trouble with the test is that I didn’t study.
wood noun: material from a tree
We burn wood in the fireplace.
catch verb: to get fish from a body of water (pond, river, lake, sea, ocean)
caught /caught We went fishing yesterday and caught twelve fish.
fish verb: to try to catch fish
John was fishing yesterday but he didn’t catch anything.
hunt verb: to try to kill animals for food
Adam likes to hunt deer in the mountains.
kill verb: to cause the death of
Ahmed killed a deer on his last hunting trip.
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practice verb: to do something many time to become good at it
Before playing a soccer game, the team practices for many hours.
prepare verb: to get ready for some activity
We prepared our fishing lines before we went to the lake.
shoot verb: to fire a weapon; to hit something with a bullet
shot / shot Adam shoots deer and wild turkeys every fall in Texas.
used to verb: something done in the past that is not done now
He used to live in Dammam but now he lives in Abha.
would verb: something done as a habit in the past
When they were young, they would play soccer in the street.
all over phrase (everywhere)
We looked all over the classroom but couldn’t find the teacher’s glasses.
bang! exclamation (sound of a gunshot or explosion)
We heard a noise outside. Bang! Bang! It was a firecracker!
farther adverb: at a greater distance
From KKMC, it’s a farther distance to Jeddah than to Riyadh.
further adverb: at a greater distance or at a later time
How much further do we have to travel? It’s six hours further to Jeddah.
hard adverb: with great effort or force
He tries hard to understand. He hit the ball hard and it went very far.
high adverb: above a set point
He aimed too high and missed the deer.
indoors adverb: inside a building
The children played indoors all afternoon.
low adverb: below a set point
He aimed too low and missed the deer.
more pronoun: a greater number or amount
He has a little money, but he needs more.
once adverb: one time; at a time before now
I’ve been to Italy once in my life.
Once there were many oryx in the desert but they’re gone now.
out-of-doors phrase: outside a building
We play basketball inside the gym but we play soccer out-of-doors.
outdoors adverb: outside a building
I like being outdoors better than working in an office.
own pronoun: belonging to someone
I have my book. Go get your own.
several pronoun: more than two but not a lot
We didn’t see John for several days.
slow adverb: opposite of fast
Paul drives fast but his grandfather drives slow.
twice adverb: two times
He came to the office twice. Once at 10:00 and again at 12:30.
whole adjective: all of; entire
We couldn’t believe he ate the whole cake.
country noun: area outside of the city; often meaning the farm area
We often go to the country for picnics under the trees.
deer / deer noun: an animal similar to an oryx (gazelle)
Adam killed one deer but his brother got two deers on their hunting trip.
duck noun: a bird that swims on the water
Donald Duck is a famous Walt Disney cartoon character.
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fish / fish noun: animals that live in the water
There are many fish in the sea.
fishing rod noun: pole used to catch fish
I have a new fishing rod so I want to go fishing this weekend.
gun noun: weapon with a long tube (barrel)
Soldiers fire guns on the firing range.
instructions noun: directions for how to do something
Read the instructions before you answer the questions.
line noun: string; cord
He put a nylon line on his fishing rod.
outdoors noun: outside
John likes the outdoors but his wife prefers the air conditioned house.
own noun: belonging to a person
Bob has his own car so he doesn’t have to ride the bus.
pistol noun: shooting weapon held in the hand
Cowboys used to wear pistols on their belts.
plenty noun: enough or more than enough
Do we need to get gasoline? No, we have plenty.
rifle noun: a long gun
Soldiers often carry rifles.
shot noun: sound of a gun or pistol firing; the name of the action of shooting
Was that a shot I heard? Bob took two shots at the deer.
walk noun: a short trip on foot
I like to take a walk late in the evening when it’s cool.
weapon noun: a tool for killing or harming
Rifles, pistols, knives and batons are weapons.
in the open noun: outside; in clear view, easy to see
John likes to be out in the open. There are many camels in the open on the road
from KKMC to Riyadh.
Book 13 Vocabulary
to beat verb: to score more points in a sports match

beat/beaten Manchester United beat Madrid 3-1. Madrid lost the match.
to believe verb: to think
I believe Ahmed is in the library.
to coach verb: to teach sports
SgtMaj Wali coaches his son’s football team.
to doubt verb: to not believe
I doubt that a camel is faster than a horse.
to imagine verb: to think
I can’t imagine that Afghanistan will lose the cricket match.
to join verb: to become part of a group
A new student joined our class this week.
to kick verb: to hit with one’s foot
The football player kicked the ball.
to lose verb: to score fewer points in a sports match
lost/lost Brazil will lose the match to Afghanistan.
to match verb: to choose two like things
The orange skirt doesn’t match the yellow blouse.
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to race verb: to be in a contest where you try to go the fastest
The bicyle riders are racing to Herat.
to score verb: to make points in a sports match
The soccer player scored two goals.
to suppose verb: to think
I suppose that I will go to Mazar-e-Sharif next week.
to tie (up) verb: to score the same amount of points as the other team
The football player tied the score when he kicked the goal.
to win verb: to score more points in a sports match
won/won Italy will win the game against Brazil.
certain adj: sure
I am certain that England will win the football match.
certainly adv: with no doubt
China will certainly win the match.
farthest Jim went to Jalalabad. John went to Herat.
Abdul went to Bagram. John went the farthest.
furthest The same as ‘farthest’
most I have ten students. Seven students are officers. Most of my students are
officers.
positive adj: sure
I am positive that I will go to Spain this week.
quite intensifier: very
He is quite good at football.
so takes the place of a noun clause in an answer
Do you think that you will pass the test?
Yes, I think so.
surely adv: with no doubt
Brazil won the World Cup in 2015. They can surely win it again in 2017.
toward(s) adv: in the direction of
opposite: away from
Yasin is driving towards Khal Mohammed’s house.
uncertain adj: not sure
He is uncertain that he will pass the test.
coach noun: a teacher of sports
He is not a math teacher. He’s a football coach.
doubt noun: unbelief
I have doubts that all the students can pass the test.
field noun: a place where sports are played
There is a football field at Kabul stadium.
goal Abdul Shakor scored a goal in the football match.
match noun: something to start a fire; a sports game

I need a match for my cigarette.
There is a football match on Wednesday.
player noun: a person who plays a sport or game
Renaldo is a famous football player.
point noun: a reward for scoring a goal or answering a question
Our team scored 3 points. Their team only scored 1 point.
Clynt only got 68 points on the test. He failed.
practice noun: a meeting to prepare for a sports match
Football practice will begin at 10 o’clock.
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race noun: a contest to see who can go the fastest
There is an car race tomorrow.
rope noun: much thicker than string
He used a rope to tie the sheep’s legs together.
score noun: the result of a game
The score of the game was 3-1. Afghanistan won.
stadium noun: a place where sports are played
The football stadium is a very big place.
string noun: something used to tie up packages, shoes, etc.
Tie some string around the package.
team noun: a group of players who play a sport
My city has a very good football team.
tie noun: something worn around the neck; a game where
two teams have the same score
He is wearing a red tie today.The game finished in a tie. The score was 3-3.
to allow verb: to permit
The Colonel won’t allow me to leave until tomorrow.
to appreciate verb: to be thankful for
I appreciate the help you gave me on my math homework.
to be made (up) of verb: to consist of; to be put together using
This sweater is made of wool.
A car engine is made up of many parts.
could modal verb: permission
Sir, could I go home early today?
to do over verb: to do something again
Your homework wasn’t good. I want you to do it over.
to owe verb: to need to pay money to someone
I borrowed ten dollars from him. I owe him ten dollars now.
to pay back verb: to return money that you borrowed
I will lend you ten dollars if you pay me back tomorrow.
to put out verb: to stop your cigarette from burning when you finish it
Please put out your cigarette. There’s no smoking here.
to throw away verb: to put in the garbage
Throw away that bread. It’s 2 weeks old.
to throw out verb: to throw away
John threw out his empty soda can when he finished it.
to wake up verb: to stop sleeping
I wake up every morning at 5 o’clock.
away syn: at a distance from
I moved my desk away from the wall.
fond (of) syn: to like
I’m fond of seafood. Let’s eat at the new seafood restaurant.
into prep: inside of
He is putting his books into his desk right now.
past prep: beyond
The Serena hotel is past the park on the left side of the road.
cotton noun: a natural material used to make clothes
All of my shirts are made of cotton.
diamond noun: a hard stone used in jewelry
My wife’s ring has many diamonds.
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glass noun: a clear, man-made material
Windows are made of glass.
gold noun: a very rare and expensive metal often used in jewelry
I bought a bracelet made of gold for my wife.
iron noun: a very hard metal
We use iron and steel to make cars and trucks.
jewelry noun: rings, bracelets, necklaces, etc.
My wife likes to buy jewelry when she goes shopping.
leather noun: the skin of an animal
This jacket is made of leather.
leave noun: a period of time when you don’t have to work; vacation
I’m taking 30 days of leave next month.
material noun: what something is made of
The material in this sweater is wool.
metal noun: natural hard materials found in the ground; iron, gold, silver...
My pots and pans are made of metal.
nylon noun: a man-made material used in clothing and other things
Parachutes are made of nylon.
plastic noun: a man-made material
You can buy water in bottles made of plastic at the grocery store.
polyester noun: a man-made material
My pants are made of polyester.
ring noun: jewelry worn on one’s finger
My wife wears rings on three of her fingers.
rock noun: a hard natural material; sometimes used to make jewelry
There is some gold in these rocks.
rubber noun: a soft material used to make balls, tires, etc.
The eraser on my pencil is made of rubber.
silk noun: a natural material used to make clothes
My wife has many scarves made of silk.
silver noun: a metal used to make jewelry and other things
These rings are made of silver.
stone noun: a small rock
The children are throwing stones in the river.
wool noun: a sheep’s hair
My sweater is made of wool. It’s very warm.
do you mind if...? Is it ok if.......
Do you mind if I smoke?
Yes, I do. There’s no smoking in the classroom.
to amount to verb: to add up to; to total some things
The Pepsi costs one dollar. The chips cost 50 cents. That
amounts to one dollar and 50 cents.
to bargain verb: to try to get a lower price
He wanted to sell his car for 10,000 dollars, but I bargained with him and he sold
it for 8,000 dollars.
to decrease verb: to get smaller
His salary decreased when he changed jobs.
to discount verb: to make the price of something smaller
The store discounted the price of their meat.
to fit verb: to be the right size
fit/fit My shirt doesn’t fit. It’s too small.
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to increase verb: to get bigger
When the Lieutenant became a Captain, his salary increased.
to measure verb: to check the size of something
He measured the desk. It was 1.5 meters wide.
to reduce verb: to make smaller
They reduced the price of Pepsi from one dollars to 75 cents.
to sew verb: to use a needle and thread to fix or make clothes
I had a hole in my shirt and my wife sewed it for me.
to try on verb: to put on clothes to see if they fit
My shirt fits well. I tried it on.
for sale I want to sell my car. It’s for sale.
on sale syn: sold for a discounted price
The price of fish is low this week at the grocery store. It’s on sale.
free adj: at no cost or price
I didn’t have to pay anything for my textbook. It was free.
irregular adj: not good quality
Irregular clothes are sold at a big discount.
less syn: a smaller amount
He has ten dollars. I have one dollar. I have less money.
medium adj: a size between small and large
A small Pepsi costs 1 dollar. A large Pepsi costs 2 dollars.
A medium Pepsi costs $1.50.
much syn: more
My car is much better than yours.
off prep: opposite of on
His book fell off the desk.
percent I have ten students in my class. Five students are absent. Only 50 percent of my
students are here.
special adj: not regular
It’s not a regular price, it’s a special discount price.
-er/or changes verbs to nouns
He drives a taxi. He’s a driver.
He operates a machine. He’s an operator.
an amount noun: a sum or total
The Pepsi cost 1 dollar per can. He bought 3 cans. The total amount was 3
dollars.
to diet verb: to do something to make you lose weight
He wants to lose weight. He’s dieting.
to gain verb: to increase weight
He wants to gain weight. He’s eating more food.
to jump verb: to leap
The man jumped over the fence.
to measure verb: to determine the size
I measured the desk. It’s 4 feet wide.
to weigh verb: to determine the weight
I weighed the meat. It weighs 2 kilograms.
a few syn: more than 2, less than 5 (with count nouns)
Faheem has a few pens. Borrow a pen from him.
a little syn: a small amount (with noncount nouns)
I drank a little milk this morning with breakfast.
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a lot syn: a large amount or number (with count/noncount)
1. I ate a lot of rice last night. 2. There are a lot of chairs.
by used when giving measurements
This room is 15 feet long by 12 feet wide.
fat adj: opposite of thin
He’s too fat. He needs to lose weight.
many a large number (with count nouns)
I have many good students in my class.
much a large amount (with noncount nouns)
I don’t have much money. I can’t buy a new car.
thick adj: opposite of thin
My book is very thick. It has 600 pages.
thin adj: opposite of thick
My book is very thin. It has 10 pages.
age noun: how old someone or something is
His age is 26. He’s 26 years old.
centimeter (cm) noun: 1/100th of a meter
2.5 centimeters equals 1 inch.
depth noun: how far to the bottom
The ocean is very deep. Its depth is 5 kilometers.
diet noun: a program for losing weight
He’s very fat. He just began a diet.
distance noun: how far
It’s a short distance to Kabul. It’s a long distance to Herat.
foot/feet (ft) noun: 30 cm
The desk is 4 feet wide.
height noun: how tall a person is

He is 6 feet tall. His height is 6 feet.
jump noun: the height or distance that a person jumps
He made a very high jump. He jumped over 6 feet.
kilometer (km) noun: 1,000 meters
It’s 500 kilometers from Kabul to my province.
length noun: opposite of width
The pencil is 6 inches long. Its length is 6 inches.
meter (m) noun: 100 centimeters
The room is 6 meters wide.
mile (mi) noun: 1.6 kilometers
My car goes 100 miles an hour.
scale noun: a device used to weigh something
I got on the scale to weigh myself.
strength noun: how strong a person is
He can’t lift the table. He doesn’t have enough strength.
weight noun: the amount that a person weighs
He weighs 80 kilograms. His weight is 80 kilograms.
width The desk is 4 feet wide. It’s width is 4 feet.
yard (yd) noun: 3 feet or 90 centimeters
The football field is 100 yards long.
Book 14 Vocabulary
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To assign verb: to give a job to someone
The Lieutenant assigned the private to clean the office.
To be assigned verb: to have a job given to you
John is assigned to the English school.
To be up for verb: to be considered for something
The Lt. is up for promotion to Captain.
To enlist verb: to join the military as an enlisted man
Faisal enlisted in the army.
To promote verb: to give a higher rank to someone
The General promoted the Captain to Major.
To be promoted verb: to receive a promotion
The Captain was promoted to Major.
To serve verb: to work for
Military personnel serve their country.
To station verb: to assign a soldier to a base
The army stationed Faheem at Camp Morehead.
To be stationed verb: to receive an assignment to a base
After he leaves Commando School, he will be stationed in Herat.
To train verb: to teach, to instruct
The Sergeant trained the private as a mechanic.
Advanced adj.: at a higher level
After basic training, he will receive advanced training.
Basic adj.: at the lowest level
After you join the army you must go to basic training.
Enlisted adj.: not an officer rank
The Sergeant is an enlisted man, not an officer.
Retired adj.: no longer working
After 20 years, he retired from the military.
Armed forces noun: Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps
The armed forces fight their country’s wars.
Assignment noun: a job
His assignment is to study English.
Captain (N) noun: an officer in the Navy (O-6); same as colonel
In the navy, a captain commands a ship.
Chance noun: an opportunity
If he scores 80 on his ECL, he has a good chance to study at DLI.
Commander (N) noun: an officer in the Navy; same as Lt. Colonel
A navy commander has a higher rank than an army major.
Corporal noun: army or marine corp enlisted man; lower than Sgt.
The corporal works for the sergeant.
Duty noun: a job or assignment
The pilot’s duty is to fly helicopters.
Ensign (N) noun: lowest officer rank in the navy
A navy ensign is the same rank as an army 2nd Lt.
noun: a badge of rank
Insignia The insignia of a Colonel in Afghanistan is three stars with crossed swords.
Lieutenant (N) noun: a navy officer rank; equal to an army captain
Marine corps noun: a branch of the armed forces
The Marine Corps is one of the armed forces.
Opportunity noun: a chance
An officer has the opportunity to become a general.
Personnel noun: the people who work at a place
There are thousands of military personnel at Kandahar.
Petty officer (N) noun: a navy enlisted rank; same as sergeant in army
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Marc is a petty officer.
Private noun: lowest rank in the army or marine corps
When I joined the army, I became a private.
Promotion noun: an advance in rank
He received a promotion from Captain to Major.
Recruit noun: a recruit is someone who just joined the army
The recruits will begin basic training tomorrow.
Retirement noun: the time when you stop working
His retirement will be after 20 years.
Seaman (N) noun: a navy enlisted rank lower than petty officer
The seaman is up for promotion to petty officer.
Service noun: Army, Navy, Air Force, or Marine Corps
John was in the service. He was in the Marine Corps.
Training noun: education in military duties
He received training in weapons at the Commando School.
To be born My baby was born yesterday. He is one day old.

To bloom verb: blossom
Flowers bloom in the spring.
To blossom verb: bloom
The fruit trees blossom in the spring.
To destroy A fire destroyed the building.
To graze syn: to eat grass
The sheep grazed in the field.
To harvest syn: to collect crops after they grow
The farmers harvested the wheat in the fall.
To light syn: to set on fire
lit/lit Father is going to light the fire. Then we’ll cook dinner.
To locate syn: to find
He located Kathmandu on the map.
To make He ate too much food and it made him sick.
made/made
To plant syn: to put seeds in the ground to make something grow
The farmer planted wheat and corn.
To raise syn: to grow
The farmer raised wheat and corn.
To reflect A mirror reflects your face.
To take care of The farmer takes care of his farm.
took/taken The father takes care of his family.
A little The student was a little late this morning.
A lot He studied a lot for the test.
Around adverb: Turn around and look behind you.
preposition: The family sat around the table and ate dinner.
Because of He was late to work because of the heavy traffic.
Extremely John was 2 minutes late. Jim was 1 hour late. Jim was extremely late.
Much syn: a lot
I like going downtown very much.
Probably syn: more than 50% sure
John has a test tomorrow. He’s probably studying now.
Rather It’s rather hot in here. Take off your coat.
When adverb: That was the day when he broke his arm.
Where adverb: That was the restaurant where he ate lunch.
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Barn noun: a house for cows
The cows are in the barn right now.
Blossom noun: a flower on a tree or plant
There are many blossoms on my apple tree.
Bridge noun: a road that goes over water
When we get to the river we will go across the bridge.
Bull noun: a male cow
The bull is grazing in the field.
Cabin noun: a small house made of wood
He lives in a cabin by the lake.
Calf/calves noun: a baby cow
The cow gave birth to a calf.
Cattle syn: group of male and female cows
He owns a lot of cattle.
Cow syn: a female
The cow gives a lot of milk.
Crop syn: the things the farmer has planted
The farmer has a wheat crop and a corn crop.
Destruction The fire caused a lot of destruction to the farm.
Dirt syn: soil, earth
If you put the seeds in the dirt, they will grow.
Farm syn: a place where farmers grow food
My friend has a wheat farm.
Farmer syn: a person who grows food
John is a farmer. He grows wheat and corn.
Forest syn: a place with many trees
They went for a walk in the forest.
Harvest syn: the food farmers collect and sell in the fall
In the autumn, the farmers gather the harvest.
Horse syn: an animal
The cowboys ride horses.
Location syn: a place
The location of the university is in Kabul, near the Bird Market.
Picnic syn: an outdoor party with lots of food
I’m taking my family for a picnic in the park.
Plant syn: something that grows in the dirt
I have many beautiful plants in my garden.
Rancher syn: a person who raises cattle
John is a rancher. He has many cattle on his ranch.
Reflection I can see my reflection in the mirror.
Silo syn: a place to keep grain after the harvest
The silo is full of wheat.
Raspberry syn: a fruit like a strawberry that grows on a bush
He likes to eat raspberries on his ice cream.
Valley syn: a low area of land; opposite of mountain
There are many farms in the valley.
Wheat syn: grain used to make bread
That farmer grows a lot of wheat.
A green thumb Everything that farmer plants grows well. He has a green thumb.
In (full) bloom syn: a flower that has completely opened up
The roses are in full bloom.
To afford verb: to have enough money to buy something
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ex: I can afford to buy the car. I have enough money.
The car costs SR30,000 but I only have SR20,000. I can’t afford to buy this car.
To be born verb: to begin life as a baby
ex: My son was born yesterday. He’s one day old.
To believe in verb: to think that something is true
ex: I believe in studying for book quizzes.
To blow out verb: to put out a flame with your breath
blew/blown ex: He lit his cigarette with the match and then he blew it out.
To come verb: opposite of to go
came/come ex: My friend will come to visit me tonight.
To continue verb: to keep on doing something
ex: I asked him to come on time, but he continues to come late.
To drop by verb: to visit
ex: My friend dropped by to talk to me last night.
To drop over verb: to visit; to drop by
ex: My friend dropped over to talk to me.
To go over verb: to visit; drop by; go over
went/gone ex: I went over to John’s house last night to talk to him.
To look forward to verb: to expect something good to happen
ex: I look forward to graduating from school.
Must Modal
ex: John’s late to class today. He must have car problems.
To sing verb: to use words in time to music
sang/sung ex: Madonna sang a new song on the radio last night.
To turn down verb: to make the sound quieter on a radio, TV, or stereo
ex: The radio is too loud. Please turn it down.
To turn up verb: to make the sound louder; to find something that was lost
ex: I can’t hear the radio. Please turn it up.
I found the money that I lost. It turned up under my desk.
To wrap verb: to put colored paper around a gift
ex: Jane wrapped the gift before she gave it to her husband.
All pronoun: everything
ex: I don’t have anything more to say. The commander said it all.
Beside prep: next to
ex: John is standing beside his wife.
Besides syn: in addition to
ex: Besides John, three students were late to class.
Broke adj: having no money
ex: I can’t buy anything today. I’m broke.
Comfortable ex: This chair is comfortable because it’s so soft.
Comfortably ex: I can’t sleep comfortably in this bed because it’s so hard.
Poor adj: having little money
ex: John is rich, but Bill is very poor.
Poorly adv: badly
ex: This car was poorly made. It always breaks down.
Pretty syn: very
ex: That music is pretty loud. You should turn it down.
Proud/proudly syn: to feel good about someone or something they have done
ex: I am very proud of my son. He scored 100 on his test.
John is walking very proudly. He just got a promotion to Colonel.
Rich adj: having a lot of money
ex: John has SR50,000,000. He’s very rich.
Scared adj: afraid
ex: When I had the accident I was very scared.
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Soft/softly adj: quiet adv: quietly
ex: The music is very soft. I can’t hear it. She speaks very softly. I can’t hear
her.
Uncomfortable ex: This chair is uncomfortable. It’s too hard.
Uncomfortably ex: I sleep very uncomfortably in this bed. It’s too hard.
Underneath prep: below; under
ex: My English book is underneath my math book.
Birth Noun
ex: The birth of my son was last year. He’s one year old.
Birthday noun: the date on which you were born
ex: My birthday is on December 15th.
Blowout noun: a hole in your tire which makes it flat
ex: I was driving 200 km per hour and my tire had a blowout.
Candle noun: a wax stick that you light with a match
ex: I put one candle on my son’s birthday cake. He’s one year old.
Couple syn: two
ex: I have a couple of cars. One is mine. The other is my wife’s.
Gift noun: present
ex: I gave my wife a gift when we got married.
Microscope noun: a device used to see things that are very small
ex: The doctor used a microscope to look at the blood sample.
Present noun: gift
ex: I gave my wife a present when we got married.
Song noun: words that are sung, usually to music
ex: Celine Dionne sang a song on TV last night.
Turn noun: a chance to do something
ex: Let’s take turns answering questions. Mohammed’s turn is first.
Volume noun: loudness
ex: The volume on the radio is too high.
To take turns ex: I have 9 questions and 9 students. If we take turns each
student can answer 1 question.
From now on syn: beginning at this time
ex: I’m going to come to class on time from now on.
To attempt (to) verb: to try (to)
ex: I didn’t attempt to do the math problem. It was too difficult.
To board verb: to get on a bus, a plane, a boat, or a train
ex: The passengers boarded the plane and it took off.
To cancel verb: to call off an appointment or a plan
ex: I cancelled my vacation because I had too much work to do.
Ought to modal verb: should
ex: I ought to go to work today, but I feel too tired.
To promise (to) verb: to say you will do something
ex: I promised the teacher I would study for the test.
To put aside verb: to save (money)
put/put ex: Every month I put aside some of my salary for my vacation.
To report verb: to tell someone about something
ex: The teacher must report the attendance to the commander.
To smell ex: My wife is cooking chicken. I can smell it cooking in the oven.
To taste ex: I tasted my wife’s chicken and it was delicious.
To tour verb: to travel around a place to go sightseeing
ex: I toured Saudi Arabia last year and saw many beautiful places.
By accident syn: by chance; something you weren’t planning
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ex: I broke the coffee cup by accident. I dropped it.
By chance syn: by accident; something you weren’t planning
ex: I passed the test by chance. They only asked questions that I knew.
On and on syn: not stopping
ex: My friend wouldn’t stop talking about his vacation. He went on and on
about it.
Take a chance syn: to take a risk; to see if you have luck
ex: I’m going to take a chance that I will win the lottery.
Abroad syn: overseas; on a different continent
ex: Ahmed went abroad for 4 years to study in England.
Accidental adj: by chance; not on purpose
ex: I had an accidental meeting with John. I wasn’t looking for him.
Accidentally adv: by chance; not on purpose
ex: I hit him accidentally. I didn’t try to hit him.
As soon as syn: at the time when something else is completed
ex: I’m going to work as soon as I finish eating breakfast.
Better adj: comparative form of good
ex: John is a good football player, but Ali is a better player.
Best adj: superlative form of goodex: John is a good player. Tom is a better player
than John. Ali is the best player of all.
Foreign adj: from a different country
ex: There are some foreign teachers working in Saudi Arabia.
Just as syn: when; at the same time
ex: The bell rang just as the student walked into the class.
Lucky adj: has good things happen to him
ex: Today Jim got a promotion, he won the lottery, and he received a salary
increase. He’s very lucky.
Off syn: not having electricity to it
ex: The electric power was out yesterday and my refrigerator was off for 5 hours.
I told my son to turn the TV off and do his homework.
On syn: having electricity to it
ex: When I come home I turn my TV on.
Rough adj: bad
ex: I had some rough times when I had no money.
Smooth adj: opposite of rough
ex: Glass is smooth. Wood is rough.
Smoothly adv: well
ex: The book quiz went smoothly. All the students scored 90.
Worse adj: comparative form of bad
ex: Tom is a bad football player but Ali is worse than Tom.
Worst adj: superlative form of bad
ex: Tom is bad, Ali is worse, but John is the worst player.
A chance noun: an opportunity
ex: I have a chance to win the lottery if I buy a ticket.
A fare noun: a fee or charge for transportation
ex: The plane fare to New York is very expensive.
A group noun: several people together
ex: I traveled to London with a group of people.
A lottery noun: a contest to win money by guessing numbers
ex: New York State has a lottery every week. The winner gets a lot of money.
Luck syn: chance
ex: I had a lot of luck today. I won the prize.
A passenger noun: a person who travels in a car, taxi, or other form of transport
ex: There were 300 passengers on the airplane when it took off.
A promise syn: to give your word to someone that you will do something
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ex: I promised my wife I wouldn’t be late, so I must be on time.
Refreshment noun: drinks or small snacks
ex: After the meeting, they served refreshments. I had a Pepsi.
A report noun: a written statement telling what you did or what you saw
ex: The General wanted a report on my trip to the Air Force base.
A smell noun: an odor
ex: There was a bad smell in the kitchen. My wife burned the dinner.
A taste noun: a feeling in your mouth when you eat something; a small amount of food
ex: The chicken had a good taste. It was delicious.
I had a taste of the chicken. It was delicious.
A tour noun: a trip to show things to tourists
ex: My group took a tour of Washington D.C. to see the White House.
A tourist noun: a person who travels to another country to see the sights
ex: Many tourists come to Jeddah every year to see the ocean.
Book 15 Vocabulary
to attend verb: go to
ex: The student attends class every day.
to complain verb: to say something bad about
ex: The sergeant complained about the food.
to crawl verb: to move forward while lying on your stomach
ex: The soldiers crawled under the wire.
to drill verb: to practice military maneuvers
ex: The soldiers have a marching drill every day.
to enter verb: to join
ex: Ahmed entered the army two years ago.
to fall in verb: to get together as a military group for an officer or NCO
ex: Every morning the men fall in at 0700 hours.
to guard verb: to protect; to keep safe
ex: John guards the gate. He’s a gate guard.
to instruct verb: to teach
ex: The sergeant instructs the men how to use a weapon.
to iron verb: to take wrinkles out of clothes using a device
ex: The sergeant ironed his uniform before going to work.
to join verb: to enter the military
ex: Ahmed joined the army after finishing high school.
to march verb: to walk in rhythm with a group of soldiers
ex: The soldiers marched to the barracks after the drill.
to mop verb: to clean the floor with water
ex: The soldiers sweep and mop the floor every evening.
to polish verb: to make something shine
ex: The soldiers polish the doorknobs in the barracks.
to scrub verb: to clean something with a brush
ex: In the kitchen, the soldier scrubs the pots and pans.
to sweat verb: to perspire; to have moisture on your body from heat
sweat/sweat ex: The soldiers sweat in the hot sun every day.
to sweep verb: to clean a floor by collecting the dirt in one place
swept/swept ex: Before mopping the floor, the soldier sweeps it.
to yell verb: to talk very loudly
ex: The sergeant yelled at the trainees.
everything pronoun: all
ex: My wife has everything she needs to cook dinner.
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physical adjective: having to do with the body
ex: The doctor gave me a physical examination.
tough adjective: difficult
ex: Basic training is very tough.
The math quiz was very tough.
-ion suffix:
area noun: region
ex: Hafer Al Batin is in the northern area of Saudi Arabia.
Battle Dress Uniform noun: a work uniform for military personnel
(BDU) ex: Students at KKMC wear BDUs to class.
briefing noun: a meeting to give information to military personnel
ex: The commander gave the officers a briefing about their
assignments.
broom noun: something used to sweep floors
ex: The soldier used a broom to sweep the floor.
cadet noun: someone training to be an officer
ex: After graduation the cadets will become officers.
dorm noun: a room where a group of soldiers sleep
ex: There are fifty soldiers who live in that dorm.
drill noun: a military exercise done by a group of soldiers
ex: The soldiers are doing drills on the parade ground.
drill instructor noun: an NCO in charge of basic training for recruits
ex: Sergeant Jones is my drill instructor. I must obey him.
firing range noun: a place where soldiers practice using weapons
ex: The soldiers took their weapons to the firing range.
guard noun: a soldier in charge of protecting a base or station
ex: The trainees are sometimes guards at the main gate.
instruction noun: training
ex: The recruits are receiving instruction in weapons.
iron noun: a device used to remove wrinkles from clothes
ex: My uniform looks bad because the iron burned it.
mop noun: a device used for wet cleaning a floor
ex: The private used a mop and a broom to clean the floor.
physical training (PT) noun: physical exercises used to get in shape
ex: The soldiers have PT every morning.
polish noun: material used to make something shine
ex: The soldiers used brass polish to shine the doorknobs.
sweat noun: moisture on the body caused by heat
ex: The soldier had sweat on his forehead.
trainee noun: someone who is in training
ex: The basic trainees will soon graduate and go to advance training.
training instructor (TI) noun: someone in charge of advanced training
ex: CWO Ahmed is an English training instructor.
to barbecue verb: to cook outside
ex: John is going to barbecue the chicken.
to celebrate verb: to have a party; to express happiness about something

ex: The students celebrated to Saudi football victory.
to drop in verb: to visit for a short time
ex: My friend dropped in to visit me tonight.
to have got verb: to have
Have you got my pen? Yes, I have it.
to have over verb: to invite to your house for a visit
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ex: I’m having some friends over tonight for dinner.
to hold verb: to host; to arrange
held/held ex: Were holding a party at our house on Wednesday.
to invite verb: to ask someone to come to a party or an event
ex: I invited my brother to come to my house for dinner.
to miss verb: to feel bad because someone is not around
ex: My wife is visiting her father for a week. I miss her.
to slice verb: to cut into pieces with a knife
ex: John sliced the cake and gave me a piece.
will modal verb: future helping verb
ex: I will do my homework tonight.
would modal verb: used to express about a past repeated action
ex: When I was young, I would walk to school every day.
would modal verb: used to answer a polite request with would
ex: Would you like some tea? Yes, I would.
to help yourself verb: to take some food without being served
ex: Nobody was at the table so John helped himself to some food.
afraid adjective: scared
ex: The man had a gun. I was afraid he might shoot me.
afterwards adverb: at a later time
ex:We ate dinner in the dining room and afterwards we watched TV.
anywhere pronoun: an unknown place or location; in/at any location
ex: I can’t find my wallet anywhere.
as conjunction: when; as something is happening
ex: As I answered the phone, he knocked on the door.
before adv: at an earlier time
ex: I know Ali. I met him before, when I was in Riyadh.
fresh adjective: not old; just picked or made
ex: The milk was fresh. I just bought it at the store.
inside adverb: within a building or place
ex: John is not in the yard. He went inside to get warm.
nowhere pronoun: not any place
ex: There’s nowhere as good as home.
outside adverb: not in a building
ex: John’s not in the house. He went outside to exercise.
somewhere pronoun: in/at some place
ex: John isn’t working today. He went somewhere with his wife.
stale adjective: not fresh
ex: This bread is stale. It’s 2 weeks old.
anniversary noun: the date when something happened
ex: I got married on Jan. 1. Every year my wedding
anniversary will be on January 1.
barbecue noun: a party where food is cooked outside
ex: There’s a barbecue at John’s house tonight.
beer noun: a drink with alcohol
ex: He drank a beer and ate a hot dog.
catsup noun: same as ketchup
celebration noun: a party
ex: There was a celebration for the graduates at the Officer’s Club.
ceremony noun: an official ritual to celebrate or remember something
ex: My wedding ceremony was very beautiful.
cheese ex: I like cheese on my hamburger.
chocolate noun: a flavor used to make candy, cakes, desserts, etc.
ex: I had chocolate cake for dessert.
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club noun: a group or organization of people who share an interest
ex: I joined a stamp collecting club last week.
company noun: guests or visitors
ex: I have company at the house. My parents are visiting.
drink noun: something to drink
ex: John wants a drink. Bring him a Pepsi.
guest noun: someone who is invited or comes to your house
ex: My friend from Jeddah is coming to visit me. He will be my guest for one
week.
invitation noun: a request to attend a party or event
ex: I received an invitation to the Colonel’s party today.
ketchup noun: a red sauce that is put on hamburgers
ex: I bought a bottle of ketchup at the commissary today.
luncheon noun: a party at lunchtime for a group of people
ex: The officers had a luncheon after the meeting.
mayonnaise noun: a white sauce that you put on meat sandwiches
ex: I want a beef sandwich with salt and mayonnaise.
mustard noun: a yellow sauce that you put on hot dogs or hamburgers
ex: I want a hot dog with mustard on it.
pickles noun: cucumbers soaked in brine
ex: At McDonald’s, they put pickles on your hamburger.
potato salad noun: a salad made from potatoes
ex: I ate chicken and potato salad last night.
rain check noun: a promise to do something at a later time
ex: I cancelled my appointment with the Lt. and I gave him
a rain check for tomorrow.
reception noun: a party for a visitor or an important person
ex: After the meeting, there was a reception for the general.
roll noun: a type of bread
ex: He put butter on his roll before he ate it.
sauce noun: a liquid used on food to make it taste better
ex: I put tomato sauce on my spaghetti.
steak noun: a piece of meat, usually beef
ex: I ate a steak for dinner last night.
strawberry noun: a fruit
ex: I ate some strawberries and ice cream for dessert.
wedding noun: a ceremony to get married
ex: Sue and I are married. Our wedding was in June.
wine noun: a drink with alcohol made from fruit
ex: He drank wine with dinner.
to apply verb: to fill out a form to request something

ex: I applied for a visa to go to England.
to die verb: to stop living
ex: The man died in a car accident.
to earn verb: to deserve; to receive for work
ex: Ahmed worked very hard. He earned his vacation.
to leave verb: to not take something with you
left/left ex: I always leave my keys on the table at night.
to notice verb: to be aware of; to see or hear
ex: John is in school today. I noticed his car in the parking lot.
to order verb: to tell someone to do something
ex: The Colonel ordered the soldier to clean his office.
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to photograph verb: to take a picture of
ex: I photographed my children yesterday.
to postpone verb: to put off until a later time
ex: I had a meeting today but I postponed it until tomorrow.
to require verb: to need; to have to
ex: All people require food to live.
The students require pencils for the Book quiz.
was going to verb: intended to; meant to; wanted to
were ex: I was going to go to the beach, but it rained.
alive adjective: not dead
ex: There was a bus accident. Two passengers were dead and 5 were alive.
around adverb: near in time
ex: John dropped over around 5a.m. It was exactly 4:58, I think.
dead adjective: not alive
ex: My grandfather is dead. He died in a car accident.
else adverb: in addition (to something) ; besides (something)
ex: I have a sandwich in my bag and something else, too.
in addition to phrase: besides
ex: In addition to English, I’m also studying math.
overseas pronoun: in a place on a different continent far away
ex: Ahmed isn’t here. He’s overseas studying in America.
unusual adjective: different; not normal
ex: That’s a very unusual tree. It’s leaves are blue.
unusually adverb: extremely; very
ex: It’s unusually hot today for a winter month.
usual adjective: normal; ordinary
ex: We’ll follow our usual schedule today.
Africa noun: a continent
ex: Egypt is in Africa.
Antarctica noun: a continent
ex: Antarctica is the coldest continent.
application noun: a form requesting something
ex: I filled out an application for a visa at the embassy.
Asia noun: a continent
ex: China is in Asia.
Australia noun: a continent
ex: Sydney is the capital of Australia.
certificate noun: an official document that states a fact about someone
ex: A birth certificate tells the day you were born.
continent noun: a large body of land
ex: Asia, Africa, and Australia are continents.
death noun: the end of life
ex: The man died in a car accident. His death was at 1:00a.m.
document noun: an official form
ex: A passport is an official document.
Europe noun: a continent
ex: Germany and France are in Europe.
history noun: the study of the past
ex: King Abdulaziz was the first king in Saudi Arabian history.
holiday noun: a day when you don’t have to work
ex: The Eid holidays are at the end of Ramadan.
honeymoon noun: a vacation for a man and woman who just married
ex: My wife and I went on a honeymoon to France.
life/lives noun: the time that a person lives
ex: My life began on the day I was born.
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museum noun: a place to see old things
ex: The military museum has old weapons that I can look at.
North America noun: a continent
ex: The U.S. is in North America.
order noun: something you are told to do
ex: The Lieutenant gave the private an order to clean the barracks.
photo noun: a picture taken with a camera
ex: I took a photo of my son with his mother.
photograph noun: a photo
ex: I took a photograph of my son with his mother.
reason noun: answers the question “why”
ex: The reason I’m wearing a coat is because I’m cold.
ride noun: a trip on a form of transportation
ex: I took a ride in my brother’s car yesterday.
South America noun: a continent
ex: Brazil is in South America.
visa noun: a document permitting entry to a country
ex: You can only come to Saudi Arabia is you have a visa.
while noun: a short time
ex: The colonel will see you in a little while.
to appear verb: to look (like)

ex: The sergeant appears tired. He keeps falling asleep.
to bleed verb: to lose blood from your body
bled/bled ex: John was bleeding from a cut on his hand.
to calm (down) verb: to relax; to stop being angry
ex: Sue was angry before, but she calmed down.
to examine verb: to look at closely to see if you are sick
ex: The doctor examined me because I felt sick.
to injure verb: to hurt
ex: Ahmed injured his foot in a football game.
to lie down verb: to rest horizontally
lay/lain ex: When I am sick, I lie down in bed.
to operate verb: to cut someone open to fix an injury or sickness
ex: The doctor operated on my stomach.
to prescribe verb: to say what medicine a sick person should take
ex: My doctor prescribed penicillin for my sickness.
to quiet (down) verb: to stop talking; to stop talking loudly
ex: The boys are too loud. Ask them to quiet down.
to seem verb: to appear; to look (like)
ex: The sergeant seems tired. He keeps falling asleep.
to sign in/out verb: to write your name and the time when you arrive or leave
ex: The teacher signed in to work at 0645.
to treat verb: to help a sick person with medicine
ex: The doctor treated me for my injury.
to wipe verb: to clean with a wet cloth
ex: The nurse wiped my arm before she gave me the shot.
allergic adjective: sensitive to something
ex: I’m allergic to cats. They make me sneeze.
dizzy adjective: unable to balance yourself
ex: Turning around very fast makes me dizzy.
herself reflexive pronoun
ex: My wife drove herself to work.
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himself reflexive pronoun
ex: My father cooked a meal for himself.
ill adjective: sick
ex: The student is absent today. He’s ill.
itself reflexive pronoun
ex: The dog injured itself when it ran into the tree.
myself reflexive pronoun
ex: I can’t go to school today. I hurt myself yesterday.
ourselves reflexive pronoun
ex: My wife and I bought ourselves a new car.
still adjective: not moving; quiet
ex: Keep your arm still while the nurse gives the shot.
swollen adjective: bigger than usual because of an injury
ex: He broke his hand and now it’s very swollen.
themselves reflexive pronoun
ex: They bought themselves a new car.
yourself reflexive pronoun
ex: Someone told me that you bought yourself a car.
yourselves reflexive pronoun
ex: Did you drive yourself to work today.
allergy noun: a condition that makes you sensitive to something
ex: He has an allergy. Cats make him sneeze.
aspirin noun: medicine in a tablet form
ex: If you have a headache, take an aspirin.
bed rest noun: staying in bed to help you feel better
ex: The doctor told Ahmed to take aspirin and get bed rest.
blood noun: red liquid inside your body
ex: I cut myself and lost a lot of blood.
blood pressure noun: the speed of blood traveling in your body
ex: The patient has extremely high blood pressure.
care noun: help from a doctor or nurse
ex: My father is very sick. He’s getting good care from his doctor.
clinic noun: a place to receive medical care; you don’t sleep there
ex: I went to the clinic today to visit my doctor.
drug noun: medicine
ex: There’s a new drug that helps people with cancer.
flu noun: a sickness
ex: Ahmed is absent. He has the flu.
injury noun: a hurt
ex: Mohammed had an injury yesterday. He broke his leg.
laboratory noun: a place where medical tests are performed
ex: They sent my blood to the laboratory to be checked.
medication noun: medicine
ex: I have to take medication for my illness.
mirror noun: something you can see yourself in
ex: I always look in the mirror when I shave.
muscle noun: a part of your body
ex: I pulled a muscle in my leg yesterday.
operation noun: a procedure to cut a person open to make them better
ex: My father had a heart operation. He’s better now.
pharmacy noun: a place where you get drugs or medicine
ex: After I saw the doctor, I went to the pharmacy for my medicine.
pill noun: tablet; medicine that you can eat
ex: I took an aspirin pill for my headache.
prescription noun: a paper from the doctor to get medicine
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ex: I have a prescription for some drugs for my sickness.
pulse noun: the rate at which your heart beats
ex: His pulse is 70 beats per minute.
record noun: a file with your medical history in it
ex: I had a heart operation last year. It’s in my medical record.
shot noun: receiving medicine through a needle
ex: The nurse gave me a shot for the flu.
sick call noun: a time to go to see the doctor
ex: Sick call is every day at 0900 hours.
tablet noun: medicine that you eat; a pill
ex: I took an aspirin tablet for my headache.
treatment noun: medicine or surgery from a doctor
ex: I was sick last week, but I received treatment from my doctor.
Book 16 Vocabulary
to avoid verb: to keep away from
ex: If you want to lose weight, you should avoid ice cream and cake.
to check out (a book) verb: to take a book out of the library
ex: I want to check out a copy of the new book from the library.
to cut/cut down (on) verb: to reduce the amount
ex: I want to cut down my smoking.
had better verb: should, ought to
ex: You had better stop smoking if you want to be healthy.
to jog verb: to run slowly
ex: The soldiers jogged to work.
to nap verb: to sleep for a short time; usually during the day
ex: John napped until 2 o’clock..
to skip verb: to miss, to not go
ex: The student skipped English class today.
to take part in verb: to participate
ex: The sergeant took part in the English drill.
to take up verb: to begin doing something regularly
ex: I’m going to take up football next month.
to try out verb: to test something to see if it’s good
ex: Try out the new bicycle before you buy it.
little by little adv: gradually, one step at a time
ex: He’s going to stop smoking little by little.
active adj: does a lot of things
ex: I’m very active. I jog, swim, play tennis, and lift weights.
closed adj: not open for business
ex: The restaurant is closed on Fridays.
convenient adj: near, easy to get to
ex: The grocery store is very convenient. It’s across the street.
doubtful adj: uncertain, unsure
ex: He didn’t study. It’s doubtful he’ll pass the test.
even intensifier
syn: I’m going to be busy this weekend. I’m going to run, walk, swim,
lift weights, jog, play tennis and I might even play football.
fit adj: healthy, in good physical condition
ex: The men are fit. They’re ready for the long run.
gradual adj: slow, little by little
ex: A gradual weight loss program is best.
gradually adv: little by little
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ex: My ECL score is gradually improving.
impossible adj: can’t be done
ex: Men can’t fly. It’s impossible.
it introduces be + adj/noun + infinitive phrase
ex: It’s bad to eat too much candy. It’s good exercise to run to work every day.
necessary adj: required
ex: To get a good score it is necessary to study.
open adj: ready to do business
ex: The supermarket is open now. Let’s go shopping.
possible adj: can be done
ex: It’s possible to get 100 on the ECL if you study.
possibly adv: capable of happening
ex: I may possibly pass the next ECL.
proper adj: correct
ex: The proper way to lose weight is to exercise.
properly adv: correctly
ex: If you take care of yourself properly you won’t get sick.
regularly adv: every day, every month, every year
ex: Exercise regularly and you’ll be in good physical condition.
unnecessary adj: not required
ex: It’s unnecessary for you to wear your uniform to prayer.
activity/activities noun: something requiring physical exercise
ex: There will be many activities today. We will run, jump, walk,
and play tennis.
equipment noun: material used to do something specific
ex: tennis equipment = racket, ball, tennis shoes
football equipment =ball, football shoes cooking equipment =stove, pan, pot,
oven
energy noun: force; power
ex: I have a lot of energy today. I want to run two miles instead of 1 mile.
fitness noun: level of ability to do a lot of activities; physical conditioning
ex: KKMC has a good fitness program for the soldiers.
health noun: physical condition
ex: He exercises and eats right. He’s in great health.
lap noun: one time back and forth in a swimming pool
ex: For exercise I swim 10 laps every day.
nap noun: a short period of sleep
ex: If you’re tired in the afternoon, you should take a nap.
relaxation noun: rest
ex: You work too hard. Get some relaxation.
sleep noun: period when you are not awake
ex: You’re tired. You should get more sleep.
suggestion noun: advice, helpful tip
ex: May I make a suggestion? Study a little harder.
swimming pool noun: a manmade place for swimming
ex: They’re building a new swimming pool for the men.
weights noun: equipment for exercising
ex: He’s getting stronger ever since he began lifting weights.
BOOK 16 LESSON 2 VOCABULARY
to behave verb: to act in a certain way

ex: He behaved badly. He used bad language.
have got to verb: must
ex: I’ve got to see the colonel today.
to honor verb: to show respect for
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ex: They honored the general with a salute.
to observe verb: to adhere to, to honor
ex: I always observe the no smoking rules.
to render verb: to give (an honor)
ex: The soldier rendered a salute to the general.
to respect verb: to show courtesy to
ex: The PFC respects the Lieutenant. He salutes him. He calls him sir.
to take advantage of verb: to use; to put to good use
ex: He took advantage of his free time to study.
against adv: in violation of
ex: Smoking is against hospital regulations.
compulsory adj: mandatory, required
ex: Passing the ECL is compulsory for all English students.
honorable adj: deserving of respect, honest, loyal, ....
ex: The army wants its officers to be honorable.
junior adj: having a lower rank
ex: Lt. Jones is junior to Major Abdullah.
loyal adj: willing to obey at all times
ex: The sergeant is loyal to his commanding officer. He will follow him anywhere.
senior adj: having a higher rank
ex: Major Abdullah is senior to Lt. Jones.
a subordinate noun: someone in a lower rank or position
ex: Sgt. Jones is a subordinate of Lt. Ali.
admiral noun: the highest rank in the navy
ex: A general commands the army and an admiral commands the navy.
authority noun: power
ex: He has the authority to approve your leave.
behavior noun: things that we do
ex: His behavior is bad. He drinks, smokes, and lies.
brigadier general noun: an American general with 1 star
chain of command noun: list of your seniors from lowest to highest ranking
commissioned officer noun: someone with the rank of 2nd lieutenant or higher
ex: Sergeant Jones is a non-commissioned officer, but Lt. Ali is a commissioned
officer.
a courtesy (ies) noun: an act of respect
ex: Saluting is a military courtesy.
custom noun: a tradition, something done over a long period of time by a group of people
ex: Saluting is a military custom.
general noun: the highest rank in the army
ex: The general commands the army.
an honor noun: a military courtesy given to very important people
ex: The general was given the honor of inspecting the troops.
an installation noun: a post, a base
ex: KKMC is a military installation in Saudi Arabia.
lieutenant general noun: an American general with 3 stars
loyalty noun: willingness to always obey
ex: We can depend on Lt. Ali. He has a lot of loyalty.
major general noun: an American general with 2 stars
privilege noun: a reward which must be earned
ex: Going to the Officers’ Club is a privilege for soldiers who are 2nd Lieutenants
and higher.
rear admiral noun: a high ranking American navy officer with 2 stars
regulation noun: a rule; a law
ex: The regulation says that enlisted men must salute officers.
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responsibility noun: duty
ex: It’s an officer’s responsibility to lead his men.
right noun: opposite of privilege; a good thing that is given to everyone
ex: Leave is a right given to every soldier in the army.
salute noun: touching the right hand to the forehead
ex: The private gave a salute to the officer.
seniority noun: longer time in service or higher rank
ex: The captain has seniority. The other officers are lieutenants.
a sense of something noun: a belief in something
ex: He has a strong sense of honor. He will always be loyal.
vice admiral noun: a high ranking American navy officer with 3 stars
to act verb: to perform in a play or a movie

ex: Van Damme acted in many movies.
to dislike verb: opposite of like
ex: I dislike Pepsi but I like tea.
to fight verb: to argue with words
ex: The student fought with his teacher about his score.
to hate verb: opposite of love
ex: They are enemies. They hate each other.
to perform 1verb: to act in a movie or play; to sing or dance for peoples’ entertainment
ex: The singer performs every night at the club.
2verb: to do something necessary
ex: The Lieutenant performed his duty in battle very well.
to prefer (to) verb: to like something better than something else
ex: He prefers basketball to football.
to quit verb: to stop doing something
ex: He quit talking when the Colonel entered the room.
to stand verb: to endure, to put up with
ex: The teacher can’t stand it when the students are late.
would rather verb: prefer one thing over another
ex: I would rather play basketball than football.
close (to) prep: near
ex: The snack bar was close to the classroom.
either conj: one or the other
ex: I’ll either go to the cinema or to the football match.
furthermore adv: also (adding additional information)
ex: He’s a good student and furthermore he’s a good soldier.
humorous adj: funny
ex: What the sergeant said was very humorous. We laughed.
kind adj: nice, good
ex: That man was very kind. He helped me to fix my car.
likewise adv: the same
ex: My wife hated the movie and I felt likewise.
modern adj: new in style or design
ex: The Apache is a modern helicopter.
neither adv: not one or the other
ex: John doesn’t like music and neither does Jim.
rather than adv: instead of
ex: I’ll eat meat rather than fish.
scary adj: frightening
ex: The monster movie was very scary.
serious adj: not funny
ex: It’s a very serious movie. It’s about war.
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an actor noun: a man who acts
ex: Jean Claude Van Damme is an actor.
an actress noun: a woman who acts
ex: The actress in that movie is beautiful.
an adventure noun: excitement and danger
ex: The story about his adventure during the war was interesting.
an antique noun: something that is old
ex: My favorite antique is my 1945 Mercedes Benz.
a ballet noun: a story told to dance and classical music
ex: I saw a ballet last night. The dancers were wonderful.
classical music noun: music played by a symphony orchestra
ex: Rock music is loud, but classical music is soft.
a comedy noun: a funny movie or play
ex: He saw a comedy at the cinema.
a concert noun: a performance by a musician or musicians
ex: The singer performed at a concert in the Main Street theater.
a drama noun: a serious play, not funny
ex: The new drama at the Main Street Theater was wonderful.
humor noun: ability to appreciate comedy
ex: He has a good sense of humor.
a musical noun: a play with many songs in it
ex:I went to see a new musical at the theater last night. The songs were wonderful.
a musician noun: a person who plays a musical instrument
ex: That musician plays the guitar.
an opera noun: a play in which all the words are sung
ex: This song is from the great opera La Boheme.
an orchestra noun: a group of musicians who play together
ex: I like the music played by that orchestra.
a performance noun: the work done by an actor
ex: Schwarzenegger’s performance in The Terminator was good.
a play noun: entertainment on a stage
ex: I went to see a play at the theater last night.
rock music noun: music played with electric guitars and drums, usually for young people
ex: Rock music is very loud.
a row noun: a group of seats side by side in a theater
ex: We are sitting in the third row tonight.
a seat noun: a place to sit down
ex: The King took his seat on the throne.
a stage noun: a place in a theater where actors perform a play
ex: The actors were on the stage.
a symphony noun: a group of musicians who play classical music
ex: I went to see the symphony last night.
a theater noun: a place to watch a movie or play
ex: The theater is located on Main Street.
a type noun: style
ex: This type of helicopter is an Apache.
a walk noun: a short trip on foot, opposite of run
ex: After school, we went for a walk in the desert.
a preference noun: what you like best
ex: In food, my preference is meat.
to adjust verb: to change something so it works better

ex: He adjusted the brakes so they would work better.
to assemble verb: to put together
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ex: He assembled the engine from the parts he bought.
to be unable to verb: can’t
ex: He is unable to repair the car.
to copy verb: to make something exactly like something else
ex: He made a copy of his orders at the machine.
to figure out verb: to solve (a problem)
ex: He figured out the answer to the math problem.
to handle verb: to control or direct; to withstand
ex: The Lieutenant handled all the new soldiers at the briefing.
The computer couldn’t handle any more data. It broke down.
to install verb: to put in
ex: The mechanic installed new brakes on my car.
to key in verb: to type on a computer
ex: He keyed in the data on the computer and printed it out.
to print verb: to make a printed copy of something
ex: He printed a list of the men in the class.
to put/put/put verb: to assemble
together ex: He put the engine together from the parts he brought.
to replace verb: to change for another part
ex: The car was out of order. He had to replace the engine.
to shut verb: to turn off
shut/shut ex: The pilot shut down the helicopter.
(off/down) He shut off the light and went to bed.
to take verb: to disassemble
took/taken(apart) Ex: I had to take apart the computer to fix it.
for example phrase: such as
ex: We teach many subjects here, for example English and Math.
to lend a hand verb: to help
ex: The sergeant will lend you a hand with the work.
capable adj: able to do something
ex: He’s capable of getting 100 on the ECL.
dumb adj: stupid; opposite of smart
ex: He’s very dumb. He doesn’t understand anything.
enough adv: no more is needed
ex: The room is cool enough. Turn off the air conditioner.
incapable adj: unable to do something
ex: The mechanic is incapable of fixing the car.
intelligent adj: smart
ex: He’s very intelligent. He got 100 on the quiz.
smart adj: intelligent
ex: He’s very smart. He got 100 on the quiz.
ability noun: the power and knowledge to do something
ex: He has the ability to get 100 on the ECL.
air conditioner noun: a machine to cool indoor spaces
ex: It’s hot in here! Turn on the air conditioner.
battery noun: something that stores electricity
ex: The battery on my car is dead. It won’t start.
computer noun: an electronic machine
ex: He uses the computer to help do his homework.
Copy noun: something exactly like something else
ex: That’s not really my driver’s license. It’s only a copy.
Data noun: information; information put into a computer
ex: The pilot received the weather data from the tower.
drums noun: musical instruments played with sticks
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ex: His drums are very loud.
experience noun: practice doing something
ex: He has 5 years experience playing the drums.
glasses noun: things you wear to help you see
ex: John only wears glasses when he reads.
guitar noun: a musical instrument with a long handle and strings
ex: The musician plays an electric guitar.
handle noun: something that you use to open or close something
ex: He pulled the door handle and opened the door.
installation noun: the act of putting something in
ex: The installation of the new engine took 3 hours.
instrument noun: something that you use to play music
ex: The musicians have three instruments. A guitar, a violin, and a piano.
keyboard noun: the part of the computer that you type on
ex: It was difficult to type on the small computer because the keyboard was so
small.
piano noun: a musical instrument that you play with your hands while sitting down
ex: The musician loved his new piano.
Print noun: the typed letters on a page
ex: The color of the print in that book is black.
printer noun: a machine that makes copies of something on the computer screen
ex: Use the printer to make me a copy of that.
puzzle noun: a problem that is difficult to solve
ex: I don’t know what’s wrong with my car. It’s a puzzle.
radiator noun: the part of a car that keeps it cool
ex: My car broke down when the radiator overheated.
screen noun: the part of a computer that you look at
ex: Look at the computer. There’s a message on the screen.
typewriter noun: a machine used to type; it doesn’t have a screen, only a keyboard
ex: That typewriter is an antique. Nobody uses it anymore. They
use a computer instead.
violin noun: a stringed musical instrument
ex: The symphony had many violins and cellos.
-ation added to verbs to make nouns
ex: verb = examine noun = examination
Book 17 Vocabulary
to demand verb: to order something to be done

ex: I demand you leave the classroom immediately.
to deny verb: to say you didn’t do something
ex: I deny stealing your car. I have a good car.
to depend on/upon verb: to need; to rely on
ex: The Lieutenant depends on his men to do their jobs.
to rely on verb: to depend on
ex: The Lieutenant relies on his men to do their jobs.
to scream verb: to shout; to make a loud cry
ex: The man began to scare her and she screamed.
to trust verb: to believe someone is honest
ex: Ali is holding my money for me. I trust him very much.
attractive adj: pretty; beautiful
ex: My wife is very attractive. She always looks good.
bald adj: has no hair
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ex: That man doesn’t need a haircut. He’s bald.
blond adj: hair that is yellow colored
ex: Madonna has blond hair.
clever adj: smart; intelligent
ex: He’s very clever. He solved the problem in one minute.
curly adj: not straight
ex: She has very curly hair.
demanding (adj.) adj: requires a lot of effort
ex: An officer’s job is very demanding. He has many responsibilities and duties.
dependable adj: can be relied upon
ex: Sgt Ahmed is very dependable. He always comes to work on time and he’s
the best mechanic on the base.
dishonest adj: not honest; can’t be trusted
ex: That man is dishonest. He steals and he lies.
elderly adj: old
ex: My father is elderly. He’s going to be 99 years old next week.
friendly adj: kind; nice; easy to talk to
ex: The soldier was very friendly. He helped me out and we talked for a little
while.
generous adj: is willing to share his money and things
ex: My father is generous. When I didn’t have any money, he gave me some.
gray adj: a color between white and black
ex: The gray page in the book has the vocabulary.
handsome adj: good looking; used for a man
ex: The handsome man has a beautiful wife.
hardworking adj: works hard
ex: My father is a hardworking man. He has three jobs.
honest adj: doesn’t lie, cheat, or steal
ex: My commander is a very honest man. He will not lie to me.
if begins an untrue statement or condition
ex: If it rains, I’ll stay home. (it isn’t raining now)
irresponsible adj: can’t be depended on
ex: Sgt. Jones is irresponsible. He’s always late and he doesn’t do his job well.
mean adj: not nice; not kind; bad
ex: He’s a very mean man. He always kicks the dog.
messy adj: not neat
ex: The room is very messy. There are clothes and books on the floor.
middle (mid) adj: between; not high or low; not left or right
ex: He is middle aged. He’s not old and he’s not young.
neat adj: not messy
ex: His room is very neat. All his things are put away and the room is clean.
reliable adj: dependable; can be trusted
ex: He’s very reliable. He never fails.
responsible adj: can be depended on to do the right thing
ex: We can trust Smith with the job. He’s a very responsible soldier.
selfish adj: greedy; thinks only of himself
ex: That man is very selfish. He won’t share his food and we’re hungry.
stingy adj: cheap; not generous
ex: He’s very stingy. He won’t even give 1 riyal to help the poor.
unfriendly adj: mean; not nice; rude
ex: I tried to talk to him, but he was very unfriendly and rude.
unselfish adj: generous
ex: He’s very unselfish. He gives a lot of money to the poor.
wavy adj: curly
ex: Her blond hair is very wavy.
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whether syn: if (when using indirect speech)
ex: John asked me whether I wanted to go to the beach.
appearance noun: the way someone looks
ex: He had a nice appearance. He wore a tie and jacket.
beard noun: hair on someone’s face
ex: He didn’t shave for a week. He was growing a beard.
blonde noun: yellow colored hair; blonde used only for females
ex: The woman was a blonde.
brunet/brunette noun: a person with dark colored hair: brunette used only for females
ex: The woman was a brunette.
character noun: the good or bad qualities that a person has
ex: He has a good character. He’s honest, generous, kind, and responsible.
demand noun: a thing that is demanded
ex: The teacher’s first demand is that the students do their homework.
judgment noun: opinion; what you think about something or someone
ex: The teacher’s judgment was that he was a bad student.
mustache noun: hair grown on the upper lip
ex: His wife wants him to shave his mustache.
observation noun: something that you see or notice
ex: I have two observations about the sergeant. First, he’s very tall,
and second he’s very strong.
personality noun: all of the qualities of a person
ex: He has a good personality. He’s happy, friendly, generous, and kind.
redhead noun: a person with red hair
ex: My wife isn’t a blonde, she’s a redhead.
trust noun: belief; faith
ex: I have a lot of trust in my colonel. He’s a good officer.
-tion/-sion noun ending for verb forms
verb = decide noun = decision
BOOK 17 VOCABULARY LESSON 2
to advertise verb: to put a notice in a newspaper to sell something

ex: I need to advertise if I want to sell a lot of cars.
to argue verb: to disagree using words
ex: The men were arguing. One man wanted to walk and the other wanted to
run.
to consider verb: to think about
ex: He considered the problem before he began to solve it.
to dye verb: to change the color of a fabric or hair
ex: He dyed his shirt blue. She had black hair but she dyed it blonde.
to exclude verb: to keep out; to leave out
ex: Sergeants are excluded from the officers’ club.
to furnish verb: to provide furniture
ex: The classroom was furnished with desks and chairs.
to include verb: to invite in; to keep in; to put in
ex: A refrigerator is included with the apartment.
to lease verb: to pay to use something; to rent
ex: He leased the apartment for five hundred dollars a month.
to paint verb: to cover a wall or surface with paint
ex: His house used to be blue, but he painted it white last week.
to wonder verb: to think about
ex: He doesn’t know where his wife is. He wonders where she is.
available adj: ready to use; empty; not yet leased (apartment)
ex: I can’t move until I find an available apartment.
central adj: convenient
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ex: Their new house was central to all the good stores in town.
classified adj: the part of the newspaper that has advertisements
ex:I want to buy a used car. I’m going to look in the classified section of today’s
paper.
due adj: expected
ex: The payment is due on the first day of the month.
excluding syn: not including
ex: The rent payment is for everything, excluding the electricity bills.
fairly adj: to some extent; so so; modifies an adjective or adverb
ex: The base is not very close to town but it’s fairly close.
furnished adj: with furniture
ex: Is the apartment furnished or unfurnished.
including syn: not excluding
ex: The rent payment is for everything, including the electricity bills.
off (street or road) syn: close to
ex: My new house is just off Highway 6.
perfect adj: no problems, mistakes, errors; nothing wrong
ex: This apartment is perfect. It’s close to work and shopping, it’s big and it
includes everything we need.
private (service) adj: not provided by the government; must be paid for
ex: He’s a private guard. We have to pay him.
public (service) adj: provided by the government
ex: The police department is a public service.
unfurnished adj: doesn’t include furniture
ex: We have to buy chairs, tables, and beds. The new apartment is unfurnished.
an advertisement noun: a notice in the newspaper that you want to sell something
ex: There’s an advertisement in the paper today for a BMW.
air conditioning noun: the system that makes the house cool
ex: It’s very comfortable in this room when the air conditioning is on.
an appliance noun: a machine used to make housework easier
ex: The dishwasher is my favorite appliance. I hate to wash dishes.
an argument noun: the act of arguing
ex: They’re having an argument. He wants to see a movie and she wants to watch
TV.
a court noun: a place used for playing tennis
ex: I’m going to the tennis court this afternoon to play a game with Ali.
a dishwasher noun: a machine used for washing dishes
ex: When we finish eating, put the dishes in the dishwasher.
a district noun: a section of a town or city; an area with a specific purpose
ex: My office is located in the business district.
a dryer noun: a machine to dry clothes
ex: The apartment includes a washer and a dryer.
dye noun: coloring used to change colors of something
ex: He bought some blue dye at the store. He wants to change the
color of his socks.
an efficiency noun: a one room apartment
ex: I used to live in a 2 bedroom apartment, but now I have an efficiency.
electricity noun: electric power
ex: I have no electricity. I can’t turn on the lights.
garbage noun: trash; waste
ex: Put the garbage in the can before you go to work.
garbage disposal noun: a machine used to wash kitchen waste down the drain
ex: The garbage disposal is broken. Put the garbage in the bag.
gas noun: fuel used for cooking stoves in many apartments
ex: Every month I pay 50 dollars for my gas.
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heating noun: machine which provides heat to an apartment or house
ex: Yes, the new house has central heating.
lease noun: a contract to rent an apartment for a monthly payment
ex: I just signed a two-year lease on the new apartment.
paint noun: material used to paint a surface
ex: I have red paint and green paint. Which color do you want?
privacy noun: the condition of being able to be isolated; to keep secrets
ex: There are too many people here. I have no privacy.
real estate noun: land or property
ex: He owns some nice real estate in California.
section noun: part; piece
ex: Apartments in this section of town are very expensive.
security noun: protection
ex: The security at this building is good. I feel safe.
transportation noun: car; bus; train
ex: The apartment is near transportation. There’s a bus stop very close to it.
utility noun: gas or electric service
ex: The rent payment doesn’t include utilities.
want ad noun: an advertisement
ex; Do you need a new car? Just check the want ads.
to associate verb: to spend time with; to be together with

ex: He’s going to get in trouble if he continues to associate with bad people.
to discipline verb: to punish
ex: The student skipped four classes yesterday, so the colonel disciplined him.
to display verb: to show; to place something where it can clearly be seen
ex: We display the national flag on a flagpole so people can see it.
to fly (a flag) verb: to display
ex: We fly the flag from the top of a flagpole so it can be seen.
to gather verb: to assemble as a group
ex: The pilots gather together every morning for a weather briefing.
to govern verb: to control a country
ex: Saudi Arabia is governed by the Saudi royal family.
to indicate verb: to point out; to call attention to
ex: The teacher indicated the homework assignment which was on the board.
to participate verb: to take part in
ex: All of the boys participated in the football game.
to place verb: to set; to put
ex: Place the book on the table and sit down.
to precede verb: to come before
ex: Book 16 preceded Book 17 in our studies.
to set verb: to put
ex: Set the book on the table and sit down.
to support verb: to help
ex: Navy ships support the army troops with naval gunfire.
although conj: used to begin a clause which precedes a clause with an opposite meaning
ex: Although she was beautiful, she was dumb.
disciplined adj: obedient and efficient
ex: They were a disciplined unit. They followed orders and were always combat
ready.
even though conj: although (see above)
formal adj: official
ex: Graduation was a formal ceremony where I received my certificate.
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informal adj: not official; casual
ex: The colonel gave me informal orders to go to Texas. They are typing up the
official orders now. The briefing was informal. I wore my fatigues.
international adj: around the world; concerning many countries
ex: Soccer is an international sport.
The UN is an international organization.
mandatory adj: compulsory
ex: Attending the meeting was mandatory. If you skip it, you’re in trouble.
national adj: concerning a country or nation
ex: Oil is Saudi Arabia’s most valuable national resource.
official adj: formal
ex: I received my formal orders today. They were signed by the general.
though conj: connects words and phrases with different or contradictory meanings
ex: That football player is strong though slow.
an anthem noun: a song that honors a country
ex: The national anthem is played whenever the king arrives.
a Class A uniform noun: a military uniform for formal occasions
ex: When the President visits the post we all wear our Class A uniform.
a debt noun: something that you owe; can be money or something else
ex: My country has been good to me. I owe it a great debt of gratitude.
discipline noun: doing what you’re told when you’re told; self-control
ex:The men exercise good discipline.They follow orders and act properly at all
times.
a display noun: something placed somewhere where it can be easily seen
ex: There was a display of antique weapons at the museum..
a flag noun: a symbol of a country; usually flown from a pole
ex: The American flag is called the stars and stripes.
a gathering noun: a group of people assembled for a purpose
ex: There was a gathering of international leaders to discuss peace.
a government noun: the group of people and institutions that controls and leads a nation
ex: The president of the United States is the head of the government.
a heart noun: an internal organ located in your chest
ex: When the anthem is played, put your hand over your heart.
a nation noun: a country
ex: America and Saudi Arabia are two nations that have friendly relations.
an occasion noun: an important event
ex: Graduation is a very formal occasion.
an official noun: a representative of a government or organization
ex: The Foreign Minister is the most senior official at the meeting.
a parade noun: a group of people marching; usually to music
ex: The army units marched in a parade before the ceremony.
a position noun: a job; rank
ex: The position of Wing Commander is usually filled by a Colonel.
retreat noun: a trumpet call to lower the flag in the evening
ex: When retreat sounds, we face the flag and salute it.
a symbol noun: something that represents something else
ex: The flag is the symbol of our nation.
to attach verb: to connect (to something)

ex: I want to attach this wire to the battery.
to charge verb: to provide electricity to a battery
ex: I need to charge my battery. It’s almost dead.
to conduct verb: to allow electricity to pass through
ex: Copper conducts electricity very well.
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to flow (for electricity) verb: to move
ex: Electricity flows through the wires at a very high speed.
to generate verb: to produce; to make
ex: The Aswan Dam in Egypt generates power to the Nile valley.
to go (out) verb: to lose power
went/gone ex: The lights go out when there is a power failure.
to insulate verb: to protect against electric shock
ex: Rubber gloves insulate my hands from electric shock.
to power verb: to provide power to (something)
ex: The city of Riyadh is powered by electricity.
to produce verb: to make; to generate
ex: The generator produces a lot of electricity.
to protect verb: to guard against
ex: Insulation protects me from shock.
to run/ran/run verb: to provide power for something
ex: This generator runs all the electrical equipment in the shop.
to solder verb: to connect by using melted silver or lead
ex: He soldered the two wires to the circuit board.
to splice verb: to connect two wires
ex: The wire broke and then I spliced it together.
to switch on/off verb: to turn off electric power
ex: I always switch off the light before I go to bed.
to twist verb: to turn in a circular direction
ex: He twisted the wires together.
electric adj: powered by electricity
ex: It’s an electric drill. It’s very easy to use.
electrical adj: powered by electricity; used to describe an engineer or an industry that works
with electricity.
ex: It’s an electrical drill. It’s very easy to use. He’s an electrical engineer.
insulated adj: having protection against electric shock
ex: The wires are all insulated. It’s OK to touch them.
powerful adj: having a lot of electrical energy
ex: It’s a very powerful machine. It can cut through concrete.
through adv: in one side and out the other side
ex: The electricity traveled through the wire.
uninsulated adj: not having protection against electric shock
ex: The wires are all uninsulated. Don’t touch them!
bare wire noun: a wire with no insulation
ex: Don’t touch a bare wire unless you’re wearing rubber gloves.
dead wire noun: a wire with no electricity going through it; not dangerous
ex: It’s ok to touch it. It’s a dead wire.
live wire noun: a wire with electricity going through it; dangerous
ex: Don’t touch it! It’s a live wire.
aluminum noun: a metal that is light and easy to bend
ex: The toaster is made of aluminum.
charge noun: electricity put into a piece of electrical equipment
ex: Be careful with that battery. I just put a charge on it.
a circuit noun: the complete circle followed by an electric current
ex: When you turn on the light switch you complete the circuit.
a conductor noun: something which electricity can pass through
ex: Aluminum is a good conductor.
copper noun: a mineral; a good conductor
ex: A penny is made of copper.
a cord noun: a wire used to provide electricity to a machine or appliance
ex: Plug in the cord for the TV. I want to see if it works.
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current noun: a flow of electricity
ex: The electric current goes through the cord.
an electrician noun: a worker who works with electricity
ex: My lights don’t work properly. I have to call an electrician.
energy noun: electric power
ex: There is no energy for that village yet. They have no power lines.
a flow noun: a movement of electricity through a circuit
ex: The wire broke and the electrical flow stopped.
a generator noun: a machine that produces electricity
ex: The power in the village went out. We have to use the
generator to make electricity.
insulation noun: material that protects people from electric shock
ex: There is rubber insulation around the wires.
insulator noun: a thing that doesn’t conduct electricity
ex: Rubber is a good insulator.
magnet noun: something that attracts metal
ex: He lifted the screw with a magnet.
power noun: electrical energy
ex: The power went out last night. I had no lights and I couldn’t watch TV.
a product noun: something that is manufactured and sold
ex: This company sells many products.
production noun: the act of producing something
ex: Production of the new cars begins at the factory tomorrow.
protection noun: safety
ex: I need eye protection on the job. Do you have some goggles.
a screw noun: something used to attach something
ex: Connect that part with those screws.
a screwdriver noun: a tool used to install a screw
ex: He needed a screwdriver to connect the two parts.
a shock noun: an electric charge received by a person
ex: He touched the bare wire and he received a shock.
a short noun: a broken electrical circuit
ex: I think there’s a short in this lamp.
a switch noun: something that is used to turn electric power on or off
ex: Turn on the light switch. I can’t see.
a use noun: a way to use something
ex: One use for a wrench is to tighten nuts.
a wire noun: a metal string used to conduct electricity
ex: This wire connects the battery to the spark plug.
wiring noun: all of the wires contained in an electric device
ex: The wiring was bad and the machine didn’t work correctly.
Book 18 Vocabulary
to acquire verb: to get; to obtain

ex: Lt. Abdullah acquired his English skill at the University.
to appoint verb: to give someone a special job or position
ex: The General appointed Colonel Nasser to do the job.
to commission verb: to make someone an officer
ex: The President commissioned 10 new officers today.
to design verb: to plan
ex: Ahmed designed his house and then Ali built it for him.
to establish verb: to begin an organization or school
ex: The military academy was established in 1802.
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to lead verb: to be in charge of a group
led/led ex: Officers lead soldiers into combat.
to motivate verb: to give someone a reason to do well
ex: The higher salary motivates the men to try for a promotion.
to name verb: to give a job or an appointment to
ex: The General named Col. Nasser to lead the new unit.
to qualify verb: to be eligible for
ex: He qualifies for promotion. He has enough time in service.
to reach verb: to connect by telephone; to be able to get with your hand
ex: I used John’s mobile number to reach him.
I can’t reach the book on the top shelf. It’s too high.
academic adj: concerning studies
ex: His academic record is very good. He has very high scores.
both....and used to name two things, places, or people
ex: He visited both Jiddah and Riyadh on vacation.
either....or used to name two choices
ex: You can have either coffee or tea.
eligible adj: is qualified for
ex: The captain is eligible for promotion to major. He has enough time
in service.
ineligible adj: doesn’t qualify
ex: The private is ineligible for promotion to sergeant. He must be a
corporal.
motivated adj: having a desire to succeed
ex: The corporal is very motivated. He wants to be a sergeant.
neither....nor used to list negative choices or additions
ex: Neither Jim nor Ahmed are bad students. They’re both very good.
not only used to show additions
but also ex: Ahmed is not only intelligent but also very loyal.
primarily adv: mainly; chiefly; first of all
ex: John is interested primarily in engineering, but he likes chemistry.
primary adj: first; main; chief
ex: His primary job is teacher, but he also writes books.
qualified adj: eligible for; meets all the requirements for something
ex: He is qualified for promotion. He passed the test and he has
enough time in the military.
social adj: relating to activities of people meeting for pleasure
ex: He enjoys meeting people. He has a good social life.
academy noun: a school for training officers; any civilian school
ex: He’s studying at the military academy. He wants to be an officer.
active duty noun: serving in the military
ex: He’s an Air Force pilot. He’s on active duty in Hawaii.
anthropology noun: the study of man
ex: His degree is in Anthropology.
appointee noun: a person assigned to a job but not yet working at it
ex: He’s an appointee to the rank of Major, but he’s still a captain.
appointment noun: assignment to a job
ex: The colonel received an appointment to command the squadron.
biology noun: the study of living things
ex: His degree is in Biology.
candidate noun: someone who could receive an appointment or a job
ex: Abdullah and Ali are both candidates for the job, but only one will
get it.
chemistry noun: the science of identifying the composition of things
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ex: His degree is in Chemistry.
commission noun: appointment as an officer
ex: The Lt. received his commission after graduating from the academy.
design noun: the way something is built
ex: This airplane has a wonderful design.
economics ex: His degree was in Economics.
engineer noun: someone who builds things
ex: Abdulaziz is an engineer. He builds bridges.
engineering adj: having to do with engineers
ex: I’m an engineer. I studied in the engineering program at University.
graduate noun: a person who has graduated
ex: The Lieutenant is a graduate of the officer’s academy.
leader noun: a person who is in charge of other men
ex: The general is the leader of the army.
leadership noun: the action of leading a group or organization
ex: The Colonel shows good leadership.
physics noun: study of properties of matter and energy
ex: His degree is in physics.
President noun: the leader of the USA
ex: George Bush is the president.
program noun: a plan or schedule of study
ex: The engineering program at King Fahd University is difficult.
qualification noun: something necessary for eligibility
ex: One qualification for this job is a college degree.
quality noun: a trait or characteristic
ex: His best qualities are honesty and loyalty.
science noun: the study of the physical and natural world
ex: Two sciences are Biology and Chemistry.
scientist noun: one who studies the world through observation and experiment
ex: He’s a scientist. His field is Biology.
social science noun: the study of human society and relationships
ex: Economics is a social science.
Sociology noun: the study of the behavior of groups of people
ex: He got a degree in Sociology from the University.
Strategy noun: a plan for getting a job done or a mission completed
ex: His strategy for passing the book quiz is to study hard and do his
homework.
Book 18 Vocabulary Lesson 2
to barricade verb: to build a barrier to keep something out

ex: The workers built a barricade to keep out the floodwaters.
to damage verb: to cause harm or injury to; to break; to ruin
ex: The accident damaged my car. The flood damaged my house.
to drizzle verb: to rain lightly
ex: It’s drizzling right now. You better take an umbrella.
to evacuate verb: to leave a place because of danger
ex: The people evacuated the village before the flood.
to flash verb: to show something without warning
ex: The TV flashed the storm warning on the screen.
to flood verb: to fill with water, causing damage
ex: The village was flooded by the heavy rain.
to forecast verb: to predict (weather)
ex: The weatherman forecasted the weather. He said it would rain.
to hail verb: to rain little balls of ice (usually during the summer)
ex: It hailed today and the hailstones damaged my car.
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to look out (for) verb: to be prepared for something dangerous
ex: Look out for reckless drivers on the highway or you’ll get hurt.
to rise verb: to increase to a higher level
rose/risen ex: If the rivers rise too high in the rain, there’ll be a flood.
to run (into) verb: to encounter; to meet a severe weather condition
ran/run ex: I was late because I ran into a rainstorm on the way home.
to set up verb: to build or to arrange something temporarily
set/set ex: The police set up the barricades. They will remove them later.
to sleet verb: to rain ice during a winter storm
ex: It sleeted during the night, making the roads dangerous.
to strike verb: to hit unexpectedly (bad weather)
struck/struck ex: A bad hailstorm struck the area last night.
to warn verb: to tell someone about a bad thing that will happen soon
ex: The weatherman warned us about the storm.
to watch out (for) verb: to look out for; to be careful of
ex: You should watch out for pedestrians when you drive.
to wish + clause verb: to express regret about a result
ex: I wish you had studied for the test. You would have passed.
to be accustomed to verb: to be used to
ex: The people of Saudi Arabia are accustomed to hot summers.
favorably adv: in a good way
ex: The general will look favorably on your promotion if you do your job well.
favorable adj: good
ex: The weather conditions are favorable for swimming. The sun is shining and
it’s hot.
foggy adj: full of fog
ex: The weather was foggy and there were many car accidents.
hazardous adj: dangerous
ex: Driving is very hazardous when it’s foggy.
invisible adj: unseen
ex: The other cars were invisible in the fog.
likely adj: probable
ex: His car is very fast. It’s likely that it will win the race.
probable adj: likely
ex: His car is very fast. It’s probable that it will win the race.
severe adj: great; intense (something bad or not wanted)
ex: It was a very severe storm. It caused a lot of flooding.
severely adv: to a great extent (something bad)
ex: The house was severely damaged by the fire.
unfavorable adj: not good
ex: The weather forecast is unfavorable. It’s supposed to snow.
unlikely adj: not probable
ex: It’s unlikely that it will rain today. The sky is clear.
visible adj: able to be seen
ex: There is no fog today. All the mountains are visible.
barricade noun: a barrier to prevent movement of something
ex: The police set up a barricade to stop traffic from entering the street.
condition noun: the state of the weather
ex: The conditions for the game were bad. It was raining very hard.
damage noun: harm or injury
ex: The damage to the house was great. A truck hit it.
danger noun: something that can hurt or kill you
ex: In a storm, there’s a great danger of being hit by lightning.
drizzle noun: a light rain
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ex: There’s a drizzle outside. You’d better take an umbrella.
evacuation noun: the action of leaving a place to avoid danger
ex: The evacuation of the city was complete before the storm hit.
All the people left the city.
flash noun: something given suddenly (news)
ex: I just heard the news flash. There’s a storm coming tonight.
flood noun: an overflow of water
ex: The flood destroyed homes in three villages.
fog noun: weather condition caused by clouds on the ground
ex: You should turn on your car lights when there is fog.
forecast noun: prediction
ex: The weather forecast for tomorrow is rain.
hail noun: small pellets of frozen rain; usually during summer storm
ex: The car was damaged by hail.
hazard noun: danger
ex: You should go inside. This lightning storm is a hazard.
lightning noun: flashes of light in the sky during electrical storms
ex: There was heavy lightning and thunder during the storm.
sleet noun: icy rain
ex: The sleet has made the road dangerous for driving.
thunder noun: loud sound heard after lightning
ex: The thunder was very loud. The baby couldn’t sleep.
visibility noun: the ability to see
ex: There is a heavy fog today. Visibility is almost zero.
warning noun: a forecast of danger
ex: There is a storm warning for this area.
weatherman noun: a person who forecasts the weather
ex: The weatherman made a good forecast for tomorrow.
to take precautions verb: to take safety measures

ex: Take precautions when driving at night. Turn on your lights and buckle your
seat belt.
to advise verb: to give advice to; to counsel
ex: The doctor advised me to stay in bed until I’m well.
to agree verb: to have the same opinion
ex: Both doctors agree that Ahmed has the flu.
to benefit verb: to get something good
ex: The doctor said that I would benefit from 2 days of bed rest.
can’t verb: used to express impossibility
ex: The car can’t be out of gas. I filled it up yesterday.
to convince verb: to make someone believe something
ex: His fever and headache convinced him to visit the doctor.
couldn’t verb: to express past impossibility
ex: He couldn’t have gone to Riyadh last week. He was at my house.
to disagree verb: to have different opinions
ex:The doctors disagree. Dr.Ali thinks I have the flu. Dr.Ahmed thinks I have a
cold.
to employ verb: to pay a salary to; to use a service
ex: That restaurant employs ten people.
I will employ the services of that company to help me.
to fire verb: to dismiss from a job; to use a weapon
ex: He is not a good worker. I’m going to fire him. The soldier fired his
weapon.
to get off verb: to be excused from work
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got/gotten ex: If I get off this weekend, I’ll go to Riyadh.
to get rid of verb: to take action to free one’s self from
got/gotten ex: He got rid of the trash. He threw it away. He took aspirin to get rid of his
headache.
to hire verb: to give a job to; to begin to pay a salary to someone for work
ex: I was hired by the telephone company to sell telephones.
to permit verb: to allow
ex: The teacher will not permit smoking in the class.
to point out verb: to tell someone about a fact
ex: The student is smoking. Please point out to him that it’s against the rules.
to supervise verb: to be in charge of; to be the boss of
ex: The Captain supervises the Lieutenant and the two Sergeants.
chief adj: first; main; biggest
ex: The student’s chief problem is that he doesn’t study.
chiefly adv: primarily
ex: The students speak chiefly Arabic.
concerned adj: worried
ex: I was concerned because you were two hours late.
definite adj: sure
ex: It’s definite that we will have a test tomorrow.
definitely adv: without doubt; absolutely
ex: He will definitely go to Riyadh tomorrow. He’s 100% sure.
excellent adj: extremely good
ex: His ALCPT score was excellent.
indefinite adj: not specific
ex: I don’t know when he’s coming. It will be at an indefinite time.
indefinitely adj: for an unspecified amount of time
ex: The captain will be stationed in Riyadh indefinitely.
main adj: chief; first
ex: My main reason for staying home tonight is that I need to study.
mainly adj: first of all; primarily
ex: There are many good reasons to study. Mainly, so you can pass the test.
now (that) conj: as the result of a fact
ex: He’ll be very happy now that he’s married.
personal adj: having to do with your private life
ex: I have a personal question. Are you married?
personally adv: used to emphasize that you are giving your personal opinion
ex: Personally, I think you need to study more if you want to pass.
unemployed adj: without a job
ex: Ahmed is unemployed. He’s looking for a new job.
without prep: not having any
ex: You can’t go on vacation without money.
agreement noun: a feeling or understanding that two or more people have the same opinion
ex: Khalid: I think that Ahmed is the best student.
Adel: We are in agreement. I think so, too.
benefit noun: something good
ex: One benefit of studying hard is higher grades.
chief adj: first; biggest; major; main
ex: Why don’t you drive to Riyadh? What are you worried about?
My chief worry is that driving is dangerous at night.
concern noun: worry; problem
ex: My biggest concern about the students is that they don’t study.
disagreement noun: a difference of opinion
ex: Ali and Jim have a disagreement. Jim thinks Mercedes is the best car and
Ali thinks BMW is the best.
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employee noun: someone who works for a salary
ex: Ahmed is an employee of the telephone company.
employer noun: someone who pays a salary to workers
ex: The telephone company is Ahmed’s employer.
employment noun: work
ex: Ahmed found employment at the bank. He got a job as a teller.
head noun: manager
ex: Colonel Nasser is head of the English school.
point noun: topic
ex: The lesson discussed two points. The use of electricity and the dangers of
electricity.
supervisor noun: a person who is the boss of other people
ex: My supervisor allowed me to go home early today.
unemployment noun: lack of work or work opportunities
ex: The biggest problem in the country is unemployment. People have no jobs.
get to the point syn: say what you want to say, don’t talk about other things
ex: Ahmed: My car broke down, I have to drive my wife to the doctor, .......
Ali: Get to the point! Ahmed: I want to borrow your car.
on one hand syn: from a positive view point
ex: On one hand, the salary is very high. On the other hand, the job is boring.
on the other syn: from a negative view point
hand ex: On one hand, the salary is very high. On the other hand, the jobis boring.
point of view noun phrase: opinion
ex: From my point of view, the test was very easy.
to tell you the ex: I have been polite because I don’t want to hurt your feelings, but
truth to tell you the truth, I don’t think you’re a good worker.
to accuse verb: to say that someone did something wrong
ex: The policeman accused him of stealing a car.
to blame verb: to hold someone responsible for; to accuse
ex: Ali blamed me for making him late because my car broke down.
to blind verb: to make someone unable to see
ex: The sun blinded the driver and caused the accident.
to bring back verb: to bring back memories = to remind
brought/brought ex: When I see the soldiers, it brings back memories of my time in the army.
to carry verb: to move by force
ex: The student carried his books in his bag.
The heavy wind carried the papers away.
to control verb: to have power or authority over
ex: Pilots must control their aircraft or they will crash.
could have verb: used to express possible past action or condition
ex: I don’t know if he went to Riyadh. He could have gone to Jeddah.
to force verb: to make something happen
ex: The Lieutenant forced the private to clean the barracks.
The storm forced us to cancel the football game.
to get verb: used to indicate that one person has power over someone else
got/gotten ex: The Lt. got the Sergeant to clean the room.
to have verb: used to indicate that one person has power over someone else
had/had ex: The Lt. had the Sergeant clean the room.
to look after verb: to take care of
ex: Mrs. Jones looks after her sister’s children during the day.
may have verb: used to express possible past action or condition
ex: I don’t know if he went to Riyadh. He may have gone to Jeddah.
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might have verb: used to express possible past action or condition
ex: I don’t know if he went to Riyadh. He might have gone to Jeddah.
must have modal verb: used to make a deduction; probability
ex: Ali is not on the post. He must have gone to Riyadh.
ought to have verb: used to say we didn’t do something that we were supposed to do
ex: We ought to have come to class on time. We were late.
to persuade verb: to convince; to make someone believe in your opinion
ex: Ali thought I was wrong, but I persuaded him that I was right.
to remind verb: to help someone remember
ex: Please remind me to call my wife this morning.
to set aside verb: to save (money)
ex: I set aside some money for my vacation this year.
to share verb: to have something with another person or persons
ex: The men shared their food with each other.
should have verb: used to say we didn’t do something that we were supposed to do
ex: We should have come to class on time. We were late.
should not have verb: used to say that we did something that we weren’t supposed to do
ex: We shouldn’t have walked to school. That’s why we’re late.
to spoil verb: to become bad or inedible (food); to become used to an easy life
ex: If you don’t put the milk in the refrigerator, it will spoil.
You will spoil your children if you don’t teach them discipline.
along prep: next to
ex: Ahmed and his son walked along the highway.
blind adj: unable to see
ex: He can’t see. He’s blind.
deaf adj: unable to hear
ex: The deaf man uses sign language to talk.
however adv: but
ex: Ali is a sergeant, however Ahmed is a private.
in the back of prep: towards the back part of
ex: The kitchen is in the back of the house.
in the front of prep: towards the front part of
ex: The living room is in the front of the house.
such as syn: for example
ex: English has many areas such as grammar, vocabulary, and listening.
sudden adj: with no warning
ex: The sudden rain storm caused a lot of damage to the crops.
suddenly adv: with no warning
ex: It was a beautiful day. Suddenly, the wind began to blow.
therefore conj: as a result
ex: All soldiers must attend the meeting, therefore the sergeant must go.
childhood noun: the period of time before you become an adult
ex: My childhood was spent in Riyadh.
coast noun: land that is located next to the sea or ocean
ex: Jeddah is located on the coast of the Red Sea.
consideration noun: thought
ex: I don’t know how to solve that problem. I’ll give it some consideration.
control noun: authority; power
ex: The general has control of all the military forces on this base.
detail noun: an individual feature, item, or fact
ex: It was a very clear picture. You could see every detail.
dormitory noun: a single room where many people sleep
ex: The basic trainees slept in a dormitory on the base.
fact noun: a thing that is true
ex: School begins at 0745. That’s a fact.
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force noun: a large amount of energy; a large group of men with a mission
ex: The storm struck with a lot of force.
There was a large military force that took part in the battle.
hurricane noun: a bad storm with high winds and heavy rains
ex: The hurricane did a lot of damage to the crops.
memory noun: a thing that you remember
ex: I have good memories of my childhood.
semester noun: a six month learning period at a university or school
ex: There are 2 semesters in each school year.
share noun: a part of a larger amount
ex: I had a share of his food. He gave me a part of his food.
sign language noun: using hands to communicate with deaf people
ex: John and his wife are deaf. They speak using sign language.
tornado noun: a swirling windstorm
ex: The tornado destroyed many houses in the village.
all of a sudden syn: suddenly
ex: All of a sudden, the tire blew out.
take into verb: think about
consideration ex: Before we promote the captain to major, we should take into
consideration his military record.
take something verb: to believe something is definitely true
for granted ex: The colonel can take their loyalty for granted. They are all good soldiers.
You can’t take it for granted that you will pass the test if you don’t study.
Book 19 Vocabulary
to attract verb: to draw towards

ex: A big salary attracts many workers.
to divorce verb: to end a marriage
ex: The man divorced his wife.
to end up verb: to finish
ex: Their marriage ended up in divorce.
to get along (with someone) verb: to be happy with someone
got/gotten ex: John got along with his wife.
to get along (in something) verb: to be happy in something
ex: The Captain got along well in his new job.
to inquire (about) verb: to ask about
ex: The student inquired about the date of the quiz.
to neglect to (+verb 1) verb: to fail to do something
ex: He neglected to close the door.
to put up with verb: to accept without complaining
(someone or something) ex: The teacher put up with the students’ tardiness.
to tolerate verb: to put up with
ex: The teacher tolerated the students’ tardiness.
all at once adv: many things at the same time
ex: The books fell off the desk all at once.
once in a while adv: sometimes
ex: Ahmed goes to Al Khobar once in a while.
along with syn: in addition to
ex: The children went to Riyadh along with their parents.
alongside (of) prep: next to
ex: He drove his car alongside of mine.
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complete (with) syn: including
ex: He ate a hamburger complete with lettuce and tomato.
consequently syn: as a result of, because of
ex: He liked BMWs. Consequently, he bought one.
Eager adj: excited to do something
ex: He’s eager to play football on Sunday.
General adj: not specific
ex: I have a general dislike of flowers.
in addition syn: besides
ex: In addition to the car, they have a truck.
incomplete adj: not finished
ex: This report is incomplete.
Specific adj: not general
ex: The specific flower I like is the rose.
Tolerant adj: isn’t bothered by something
ex: The police are not tolerant of speeders. They give them tickets.
a divorce noun: the ending of a marriage
ex: He wants to divorce her. He’s getting a divorce.
a female noun: a woman or a girl
grandchild/children noun: your son’s or daughter’s child/children
a granddaughter noun: your son’s or daughter’s daughter
a grandson noun: your son’s or daughter’s son
an in-law noun: your wife’s relatives
ex: My wife’s mother is my mother-in-law.
knowledge noun: the things you know
ex: I have no knowledge of mathematics.
a male noun: men or boys
a relationship noun: connection to someone
ex: What’s your relationship to the colonel? I work for him.
Sand noun: very small, loose dirt in the desert
ex: There is a lot of sand in the desert and on the beach.
Sex noun: gender, male or female
a spouse noun: husband or wife
Tolerance noun: the ability to tolerate something
ex: The teacher has no tolerance for students coming late.
ex- prefix: former, in the past
ex: Sue and I got a divorce. She’s my ex-wife now.
to arrange verb: to plan for something

ex: The Captain arranged transportation for his men.
to assist verb: to help
ex: The teacher assisted the student with the lesson.
to bite/bit/bitten verb: to use your teeth to cut into something
ex: The dog bit me on the leg.
could have verb: possible
ex: Ali could have bought a new car.
couldn’t have verb: impossible
ex: He couldn’t have gone to the BX yesterday. He was in Riyadh.
to drop off verb: to leave something somewhere
ex: I’ll drop off your English book on my way to the BX.
to drown verb: to die from water
ex: He fell in the lake and drowned.
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to get through (with verb: to finish
something) ex: He got through studying at 10 o’clock.
got/gotten
to get through (to verb: to successfully contact someone by telephone
someone) ex: He called me three times before he got through to me.
got/gotten
to insist (on + gerund) verb: to urge strongly
ex: The doctor insisted that he take his medicine.
My friend insisted on driving me home.
to keep away (from) verb: to stay away or make someone stay away
kept/kept ex: Always keep away from the lions. They’re dangerous.
to kill verb: to cause someone’s death, to murder
ex: The accident killed two people.
to misplace verb: to put in the wrong place and lose because of this
ex: I misplaced my watch and I can’t find it.
to prevent verb: to stop from happening
ex: He prevented the criminal from running away.
to run across verb: to meet by accident
ran/run ex: I ran across my boss at the BX last week.
to stay away (from) verb: to avoid, to not go near
ex: You should stay away from that bad restaurant.
to use up verb: to consume or spend 100% of something
ex: I used up all my money when I bought the car.
absolutely adv: 100% sure, definitely
ex: Rinaldo is absolutely the best soccer player.
according to adj: in the words of
ex: According to the General, all soldiers should be in shape.
at least adv: not less than, at the minimum
ex: He works out at least two times a week.
convinced adj: 100% sure of something
ex: I’m convinced that Mercedes is the best car.
convincing adj: believable
ex: The reason he gave me for not doing his homework is not convincing.
entire adj: 100%
ex: He ate the entire pizza.
fatal adj: deadly, causing death
ex: It was a fatal car accident. Two people died.
few deter: a small number
ex: There are few books on his desk.
in place of prep: instead of
ex: John worked in place of Tom this week.
little deter: hardly any, hardly anything
ex: He ate little rice for dinner last night.
otherwise adv: if not
ex: He should take him medicine. Otherwise, he’ll die.
preventable adj: possible to be stopped or avoided
ex: It was a preventable injury. He should have worn his seat belt.
trim adj: in good physical condition
ex: He’s very trim. He exercises every day.
assistance noun: help
ex: I need some assistance with this math problem.
a bite noun: the act of cutting something with your teeth
ex: I took a big bite of the pizza.
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a fuel noun: something that is burned to produce heat or power
ex: Gasoline is the fuel I use in my car.
(in) order noun: arrangement in a specific sequence
ex: The soldiers lined up in order by height.
the rest noun: the remaining, the others
ex: Two students failed the test. The rest passed.
a telegram noun: a typed message sent by wire (not e mail)
ex: I received a telegram from my father today.
a vitamin noun: things in food that we need to grow and be healthy
ex: Oranges have a lot of Vitamin C in them.
to accomplish verb: to complete successfully

ex: The student accomplished his goal. He passed the test.
to account for verb: to give a good explanation for
ex: I can’t account for his bad test score.
to achieve verb: to earn or accomplish by effort, skill, or courage
ex: He achieved a salary increase because of his good work.
to adjust to verb: to become used to
ex: He adjusted to the new schedule very quickly.
to communicate verb: to exchange information, news, or ideas
ex: He communicated the good news to his friend by e mail.
to congratulate verb: to give good wishes for a special occasion
ex: I congratulated my students on their graduation.
to develop verb: to create, to invent, to start
ex: He developed a new study schedule for the class.
to guide verb: to direct a course of action
ex: The General guided the army to victory.
to object to verb: to be against
ex: The students objected to taking the quiz today.
to obtain verb: to get, to receive
ex: I obtained my English certificate in San Antonio.
to succeed verb: to achieve a goal
ex: He succeeded in fixing the car. It works fine now.
to assume verb: to take or begin responsibility
responsibility ex: The new Commander assumed responsibility for the base.
to make sense verb: to seem reasonable
ex: It makes sense that the senior man is the leader.
confident adj: feeling or showing belief in your ability
ex: The teacher was confident that the students would succeed.
educational adj: furnishing information
ex: The meeting was very educational.
once adv: as soon as
ex: Once summer begins, the weather will be hot.
routine adj: done as part of a regular activity
ex: Period 3 is our routine lab period.
sensible adj: makes good sense
ex: He’s a sensible person. He knows that if he studies
he’ll get a good score on the test.
someday adv: at some indefinite time in the future
ex: I’m going to go to Australia someday.
successful adj: having achieved something
ex: He’s a successful student. He graduated.
sufficient adj: enough
ex: I have sufficient food for the week at my house.
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attendance noun: going or being some place
ex: School attendance is very important for learning.
capability noun: the power to do something
ex: This car has the capability of going 200 kph.
confidence noun: a feeling that you can rely on someone or something
ex: The Captain has confidence that the sergeant can do the job.
guidance noun: advice or information (to solve a problem)
ex: The problem was difficult and he asked his father for guidance.
a method noun: a way to accomplish something
ex: E-mail is a new method of communicating.
a mission noun: a job or assignment to accomplish
ex: The mission of the English teacher is to teach English.
a routine noun: regular activities
ex: My daily routine includes exercise and study.
self-confidence noun: belief in your ability to achieve goals
ex: He thinks he’ll get 100 on the ECL. He has a lot of self-confidence.
a skill noun: ability
ex: His English skill has grown since he began to study.
success noun: accomplishing or achieving a goal
syn: His business was a success. He made a lot of money.
a technique noun: method
ex: He had a good technique for solving math problems.
-able/-ible suffixes for changing some verbs and nouns into adjectives see page 95
quite a few syn: a fairly large number
ex: Quite a few students are going to Riyadh this week.
quite a + noun syn: someone or something is especially remarkable
quite a + adj. + noun ex: My son is quite a student. He got 100 on the test.
My son is quite a good student. He got 100 on the test.
to annoy verb: to bother

ex: He couldn’t study because his children were annoying him.
to disappoint verb: to fail to achieve your hopes or your goals
ex: He failed the test. He disappointed his teacher.
to drop out of verb: to stop going
ex: My father is very angry because I dropped out of school.
to hand in verb: to give homework or a quiz paper to a teacher
ex: The students handed in their homework during 1st period.
to lack verb: to not have
ex: He couldn’t do his homework because he lacked paper and pen.
to put aside verb: forget or disregard something, to stop doing something voluntarily
put/put/put ex: He put aside his Army career and started a business.
to regret verb: to feel sorry about
ex: I regret that I didn’t study for the test. I failed.
to rush verb: to do something in a hurry
ex: He rushed to finish his homework. He wanted to watch TV.
to start out (on) verb: to begin
ex: They started out on their trip to Riyadh this morning.
to stay up verb: to not go to bed
ex: He stayed up late so he could finish studying for the quiz.
to take off verb: to not go to work
take/took/taken ex: I’m going to take off tomorrow and go to Riyadh.
I’m going to take tomorrow off and go to Riyadh.
to turn in verb: to hand in
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syn: You didn’t turn in your homework, so you get a zero.
to volunteer verb: to offer without being asked
ex: My friend volunteered to drive me to Hafer Al Batin.
to waste verb: to use carelessly
ex: Turn off the lights when you leave. Don’t waste electricity.
annoyed adj: bothered
ex: I was late getting home today. My wife was very annoyed.
annoying adj.: causing someone to feel bothered
ex: It’s very annoying when students use their phones in class.
as well as phrase: in addition to
ex: He has a car as well as a truck.
disappointed adj: sad because something or someone has failed to do something
ex: I’m disappointed that John failed the test. He’s the best student.
disappointing adj: failing to meet someone else’s expectations or hopes
ex: My father thinks that my test score is very disappointing.
Guilty adj.: feeling that you’ve done something wrong
ex: He feels guilty because he was late for school.
Helpful adj: giving or ready to give help
ex: When I painted the house, my son was very helpful.
helpless adj.: unable to help one’s self
ex: He was helpless to fix the car. He had to call a mechanic.
Lazy adj.: doesn’t want to work or use energy
ex: He failed the test. He’s not stupid, but he’s lazy.
Lenient adj.: opposite of strict
ex: It’s OK to use your cell phone in class. The teacher is lenient.
Strict adj.: demands that rules be obeyed
ex: He’s a very strict teacher. If you break a rule, he punishes you.
Stupid adj.: not intelligent
ex: He’s not stupid. He got 100 on the Book Quiz.
attention noun: focus, thoughts
ex: My attention wasn’t on the road. I caused an accident.
a helmet noun: something to wear on your head to protect from injury
ex: He put on his helmet and rode his motorcycle to the BX.
a lack (of) noun: doesn’t have any
ex: He failed the test because of his lack of interest in English.
a regret noun: something you’re sorry for
ex: I have one regret. I didn’t study hard enough for the test.
a volunteer noun: someone who offers to do something without being asked
ex: There are two volunteers to clean the office.
in a rush prep. phrase: wants to do something fast
ex: He’s very hungry. He’s in a rush to get to the cafeteria.
learn one’s lesson to get a better understanding of life through a difficult experience
ex: After his cash was stolen, he began to carry travelers’ checks.
He learned his lesson about carrying cash.
lose one’s temper verb: to become very angry
ex: He lost his temper and hit that man.
pay attention to verb: to watch or listen closely to something or someone interesting
ex: When I’m driving, I must pay attention to the road.
Book 20 Vocabulary
to become of verb: to happen to

became/become ex: What became of John. I haven’t seen him in 3 weeks.
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to bet/bet/bet verb: be certain
ex: I bet he’s a good player. He scored 3 goals.
to call for verb: to require
ex: This recipe calls for 3 eggs and 1 cup of sugar.
to combine verb: to add together
ex: Combine the eggs and sugar in a bowl and mix them.
to create verb: to invent, to make something new
ex: I created a new recipe for cooking chicken.
to depend on verb: to rely on, to count on
ex: Maybe I can make chicken for dinner. It depends on whether I have enough
chicken.
to give away verb: to give something to someone for free
gave/given ex: I gave the old TV away when I bought the new one.
to list verb: to write a group of things on a piece of paper
ex: She listed the groceries that she needed in her notebook.
to mix verb: to combine different things
ex: She mixed the rice and the beans together.
to purchase verb: to buy
ex: I purchased some furniture at the new store.
to put off verb: to delay, postpone
ex: They put off the football match until next week.
to separate verb: to divide or keep apart
ex: She separated the egg yolks and the egg whites.
to stir verb: to mix things together using a circular motion
ex: He took the big spoon and stirred the soup in the pot.
to tear (up) verb: to separate a piece of paper into many pieces
tore/torn ex: He was angry with his score and he tore up his test paper.
apart syn: separately
ex: I will talk to each student separately. One at 3 o’clock and one at 4 o’clock.
apart from syn: besides, except for
ex: Two windows were broken. Apart from that, there was no damage.
most adv: the biggest part of
ex: I put most of the eggs in the omelet.
mostly adv: chiefly, for the most part
ex: The students are mostly enlisted men, but there are some officers.
raw adj: not cooked
ex: Sushi is raw fish.
separate adj: different, another
ex: Put the groceries on one list, and the phone numbers on a separate list.
thus con: therefore
ex: He didn’t study; thus, he failed the test.
a good deal of deter: a lot of
ex: It costs a good deal of money to buy that car.
can’t help verb: can’t avoid, can’t stop
ex: I can’t help being angry when he doesn’t do his homework.
to feel like + gerund syn: to want to
ex: I feel like going to Riyadh this weekend.
from time to time exp: once in a while
ex: I go to Jiddah from time to time.
on hand syn: here at the present time
ex: I need 4 steaks. I have 2 on hand. I need to buy two more.
bag noun: a paper or plastic container for holding groceries
ex: I bought 4 bags of groceries at the store today.
bet noun: an amount of money risked
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ex: Ali bet SR1,000 that he would win the race.
cost noun: the amount of money needed to buy something
ex: The cost of the car was SR40,000.
groceries noun: food items that you buy at a supermarket
ex: Please carry the groceries from the store to the car.
ingredient noun: one part of a recipe
ex: The ingredients are water, sugar, and flour.
jar noun: a glass container
ex: I have two jars of sauce for the spaghetti.
label noun: the part of a package or can with information about the product
ex: Read the label on the shampoo bottle and see if it’s ok for children.
list noun: a group of things on a piece of paper
ex: She has a grocery list with her. She won’t forget anything.
mix noun: mixture
ex: This salad is a mix of fruit, nuts, and vegetables.
mixture noun: something made of many different things combined together
ex: This salad is a mixture of fruit, nuts, and vegetables.
property noun: something that is owned, especially land or houses
ex: He owns 3 houses. He has a lot of property.
purchase noun: something you have bought
ex: I made a lot of purchases at the mall today.
quantity noun: an amount
ex: We have a large quantity of food, but a small quantity of tea.
recipe noun: instructions for cooking something
ex: I don’t like fried chicken. I’m going to use a new recipe.
Set noun: a television
ex: I didn’t like my old TV. I bought a new set last week.
to alert verb: to warn to be prepared

ex: The General alerted the army that the enemy was coming.
to attack verb: to begin violence against
ex: We defended our city when the enemy attacked.
to authorize verb: to give power to
ex: “I authorized the Lieutenant to lead the men,” said the General.
to call up verb: to order
ex: The government had to call up soldiers to fight the war.
to defend verb: to protect one’s self against attack
ex: The army defended the city against the enemy.
to engage verb: to enter into battle with, to be involved in doing something
ex: We engaged the enemy at 0700. We won the battle at 1000 hours.
He was engaged in cooking when I called him up.
to maintain verb: to keep in good condition, to keep up
ex: The mechanic in Hafar Al Batin maintains my car.
to notify verb: to inform
ex: The students were notified of the new schedule on Monday.
to settle verb: to make an agreement; to live someplace permanently
ex: The settled the argument by using the dictionary.
My family settled in America 100 years ago.
to take over verb: to take control of
took/taken ex: He took control of the company when his father died.
to threaten verb: to promise harm or danger; warn of bad intentions
ex: The teacher threatened to punish the students.
additional adj: extra, added
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ex: I need additional information before I decide.
Alert adj: prepared, ready for action
ex: The soldier was alert for any sign of danger.
Neutral adj: not one either side of an argument or war
ex: Switzerland is a neutral country.
He thinks it’s a bad idea. You think it’s a good one. I’m neutral.
nevertheless syn: however
ex: I like that student, nevertheless I have to give him a bad score.
Secure adj: free from danger
ex: We won the war. Our country is secure.
on alert syn: ready, cautious, careful
ex: The soldiers must be on alert. The enemy is coming.
take control of verb: assume responsibility for
ex: The new commander took control of the army today.
take sides verb: to become an ally of one side in a fight or war
ex: When the two soldiers began to fight, the others took sides.
take steps verb: to begin to act
ex: They attacked and we took steps to defend ourselves.
Ally noun: a friend in time of war (a country)
ex: Saudi Arabia was an ally of Kuwait in the Gulf War.
Battle noun: combat between two armies
ex: The battle in the desert ended the Gulf War.
Border noun: the edge of something (often used to talk about countries)
ex: Saudi Arabia has a border with Kuwait and Iraq.
combat noun: fighting
ex: The soldier has a lot experience in combat.
defense noun: the act of protecting one’s self from an attack
ex: The army provided a strong defense for the city.
an enemy noun: someone who doesn’t like you, or hates you
ex: India is the enemy of Pakistan.
I had a big fight with John. Now he’s my enemy.
freedom noun: independence; not having restraints
ex: Kuwait won freedom from Iraq during the Gulf War.
maintenance noun: the act of keeping something in good condition
ex: There is good maintenance performed on the cars every week.
Peace noun: the absence of war
ex: The war is finished. There is peace between our countries now.
security noun: safety, protection
ex: There is good security at KKMC. Everyone is safe here.
situation noun: condition; the way things are
ex: The situation is dangerous. The enemy
Threat noun: danger, intention to damage
ex: The Iraqi army is a serious threat to Kuwait.
War noun: combat between two armies
ex: Many soldiers died in the Iran-Iraq war.
to accelerate verb: to increase the speed of

ex: On the highway, you can accelerate from 40 to 50mph.
to align verb: to bring into a straight line
ex: Align the desks in the room so they look neat.
to estimate verb: to guess, to form an opinion
ex: I estimate that everyone will get 100 on the Book Quiz.
to function verb: to operate, to work
ex: Does your car function well in cold weather? Mine doesn’t.
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to ignite verb: to set fire to, to catch fire
ex: He threw a match on the gasoline and it ignited.
to look over verb: to examine
ex: He looked over the car to see what the problem was.
to provide verb: to furnish what is needed; to supply
ex: I provided the food for the party.
to pump verb: to move liquids from one place to another
ex: They pumped the gasoline into the tank. I washed the windows.
to release verb: to let go; to allow to come out
ex: The class will be released at 1200 hours.
He released the brake and the car began to move.
to service verb: to repair or provide maintenance for
ex: My car broke down and the mechanic is servicing it.
to shift verb: to move from one place to another; to change gears in a car
ex: The students shifted seats in the classroom.
As the car went faster, the driver shifted gears.
to supply verb: to provide what is needed
ex: The school will supply the pencils for the test.
to transmit verb: to send out
ex: The transmission transmits power from the engine to the wheels.
to wear out verb: to reduce to a useless state
wore/worn ex: The men ran 20 miles today. They are worn out.
a carburetor verb: a device used to mix fuel and air in a car engine
ex: I need a new carburetor for my engine.
a clutch noun: a device used to engage and disengage gears in a car
ex: Step on the clutch before you shift gears.
a defect noun: a problem or a flaw in a product or design
ex: This radio has a defect. It won’t receive any stations.
an estimate noun: an intelligent guess
ex: He gave me an estimate of the price. It was 500 dollars.
an exterior noun: the outside of something
ex: He polished the exterior of the car.
a fluid noun: a liquid
ex: He has a cold so he should drink lots of fluids.
a function noun: a job, a use
ex: A soldier’s function is to fight for his country.
a gear noun: a toothed wheel; used in cars to go faster or slower
ex: When I go faster in my car, I use a higher gear.
an ignition noun: a device used to start a car
ex: Put the key in the ignition and start the car.
an interior noun: the inside of something
ex: Vacuum the interior of the car.
a lever noun: a bar on which pressure is exerted to move something
ex: On an automatic transmission, you move the gear lever to D to go
forward.
a liquid noun: a fluid
ex: Brake fluid is a liquid.
a pedal noun: something you step on to perform a function
ex: I step on the brake pedal when I want to stop the car.
a pipe noun: a round hollow object used to transport fluids or gases
ex: The exhaust pipe on my car fell off yesterday.
a pump noun: a device used to move a liquid from one place to another
ex: The fuel pump moves gasoline from the tank to the carburetor.
a repair noun: something done to fix a problem or defect
ex: I had an engine repair done on my car. It was expensive.
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a spark noun: a small bit of fire
ex: The spark plug provides a spark to ignite the fuel.
a spark plug noun: a device for igniting the fuel in a car or engine
ex: I have four spark plugs in my 4 cylinder car.
a system noun: a group of parts performing one function
ex: The ignition system, which has several parts, starts the car.
a transmission noun: a device for moving power from the engine to the wheels
ex: My car has an automatic transmission.
altogether adv: considering everything
ex: I have a ten, two twenties, and a one. Altogether I have $51.
automatic adj: without help; opposite of manual
ex: I have an automatic transmission. I don’t have a clutch.
defective adj: having a problem or a flaw
ex: The engine on my car is defective. It doesn’t work.
hydraulic adj: operated by the flow of a liquid or fluid
ex: I have a hydraulic brake system on my car.
manual adj: opposite of automatic
ex: I have a manual transmission. I have to use the clutch to shift.
standard adj: manual
ex: I have a standard transmission. I have to use the clutch to shift.
used adj: not new
ex: I can’t afford a new car. I’m going to buy a used car.
worn adj: used until no longer effective
ex: I have 300,000 kilometers on my car. The brakes are worn.
step on the gas exp: go faster
ex: We’re late! Step on the gas!
take a look at exp: to examine in search of a problem
have a look at ex: I asked the mechanic to take a look at the car. It doesn’t work.
I asked the mechanic to have a look at my car. It doesn’t work.
-ive/-tive/-ative syn: a suffix used to change nouns and verbs to adjectives
ex: The car has a defect. It is defective.
to circulate verb: to move in a circle and return to the starting point

Ex: Water is circulated through the engine by the water pump.
to eliminate verb: to remove or get rid of
Ex: Eliminate his name from the list. He’s not here anymore.
to filter verb: to clean a liquid by passing it through a device
Ex: We filter the water to eliminate the dirt.
to lubricate verb: to make slippery; to apply a lubricant
Ex: The mechanic lubricated the wheels of the car.
to malfunction verb: to fail to function properly
Ex: The engine is malfunctioning. It won’t start.
to overheat verb: to become too hot
Ex: If you don’t put water in the engine, it will overheat.
to rebuild verb: to repair by replacing the important parts
Ex: My engine broke down. The mechanic rebuilt it.
to regulate verb: to control
Ex: The carburetor regulates the flow of fuel.
to rub verb: to move something along a surface using pressure or friction
Ex: Friction is caused by rubbing two things together.
to tear down verb: to destroy; to disassemble
Tear down that engine and find the problem.
They tore down all the old buildings in the village.
some antifreeze noun: a fluid which keeps the water in your engine from freezing
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ex: Winter is coming. You’d better put some antifreeze in your car.
combustion noun: the act or process of burning
ex: The combustion begins with a spark.
a component noun: one part of a system
ex: A spark plug is a component of the ignition system.
some coolant noun: a fluid used for cooling engines
ex: The water pump circulates the coolant.
a cylinder noun: a hollow, solid, circular body
ex: Combustion takes place in the cylinder.
some exhaust noun: the gases produced by engine combustion
ex: The exhaust from the engine is dangerous.
a filter noun: a device which removes harmful things from a liquid
ex: The fuel filter removes dirt from your fuel.
a malfunction noun: a problem or a flaw
ex: My engine had a malfunction today. I had to have it fixed.
an overhaul noun: a big repair
ex: My engine broke down yesterday. The mechanic is giving it an overhaul.
a piston noun: a cylinder within a hollow cylinder
Ex: My car needs to have its pistons replaced.
pressure noun: applied force
ex: I keep thirty pounds of pressure in my tires.
a process noun: a series of actions that produce a result
ex: The car is started by the ingnition process.
a purpose noun: a reason; an objective
ex: My purpose for studying English is to learn a second language.
a speedometer noun: a gauge for showing the speed of a vehicle
ex: According to the speedometer you’re going 70MPH.
a surface noun: the outer part of something; the top of a liquid
Ex: There were leaves on the surface of the lake.
a thermostat noun: a device used for controlling temperature
Ex: The thermostat is on the wall. Turn it down, it’s too hot here.
combustible adj: capable of burning
Ex: Wood is combustible, but steel is noncombustible.
external adj: on the outside
Ex: The skin is an external organ of the body.
internal adj: on the inside
Ex: The heart is an internal organ of the body.
least adj: the smallest amount; in the smallest degree
Ex: The least amount of days in a month is 28, in February.
overheated adj: too hot
Ex: If you don’t lubricate the engine it becomes overheated.
useful adj: capable of being used; helpful
Ex: A dictionary is useful when you are studying English.
so (so that) con: in order that; for the purpose of
Ex: Speak louder so I can hear you. Speak louder so that I can hear you.
wear and tear exp: damage resulting from use
Ex: I’ve had my car for ten years. It has a lot of wear and tear.
in order to prep: for the purpose of
Ex: You must study in order to pass the test.
for the purpose of prep: in order to
Ex: The students are in school for the purpose of studying.
Book 21 Vocabulary
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to average verb: to figure out the average

ex: He scored 100, 100, and 85. His score averaged 95.
to call off verb: to cancel
ex: The game was called off because of the weather.
to conclude verb: to decide; to end
ex: He scored 3 goals. I concluded he was a good player.
We concluded the meeting and went home.
to contribute verb: to give together with others
ex: The student contributes a lot of information in class.
to drain verb: to empty; to draw off gradually
ex: He drained the water from the bathtub after his bath.
to keep up with verb: to remain informed; to maintain the pace
kept/kept ex: He didn’t see his friend much anymore, but he kept up with him by e mail.
to occur verb: to happen
ex: The accident occurred last night at 10 o’clock.
to pick up verb: to learn at random or by chance
ex: I picked up this idea at the meeting last month.
to populate verb: to live in a particular area
ex: The people who populate Saudi Arabia are Arabs.
to spread verb: to open out; to make known
ex: He spread the blanket over the bed.
The news of the holiday spread through the school.
to take after verb: to look like; to resemble
took/taken ex: Ali’s son takes after him.
abnormal adj: unusual
ex: We had an abnormal amount of rain last year.
anyway adv: in spite of
ex: He didn’t want me to go, but I went anyway.
approximate adj: not exact
ex: The approximate cost of the trip will be SR2,000.
average adj: the result of adding several quantities and dividing by the number of
quantities; the usual or normal amount
ex: My average BQ score is 94. The average amount of rainfall is5 inches per
year.
dense adj: thick; crowded; close together
ex: The trees in the forest are dense.
maximum adj: the most; the highest possible number
ex: The maximum score on the test is 100.
minimum adj: the least; the lowest possible number
ex: The minimum speed on the highway is 80kph.
normal adj: usual
ex: The normal temperature in Saudi Arabia in August is over 40C.
per prep: for each
ex: I have one book per student.
rapid adj: fast; quick
ex: The car was moving at a rapid speed.
recent adj: in the near past
ex: He is a recent graduate of the English course.
appetite noun: a strong desire or wish, especially for food
ex: He has a big appetite. He ate all the food.
He’s lazy. He has no appetite for hard work.
average noun: the usual or ordinary level
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ex: My Book Quiz average is 96.
brand noun: kind; name of a product
ex: My brand of soft drink is Coca Cola.
density noun: number per unit
ex: The population density of Riyadh is 10,000 per square kilometer.
growth noun: act or rate of growing
ex: The population growth of the USA is very slow.
habit noun: something done regularly or often; custom
ex: Smoking is a bad habit.
industry noun: business
ex: The oil industry is the biggest business in Saudi Arabia.
model noun: an example; a representation; particular type
ex: I built an airplane model when I was a boy.
The model of my car is Chevrolet Caprice.
peak noun: highest point; mountain top
ex: The peak of that mountain is at 8,000 meters.
He is in the peak of his physical condition. He’s very strong.
population noun: all the of people living in a place
ex: The population of the USA is 268,000,000.
portion noun: a share, section, or piece of something
ex: May I have a small portion of pie, please?
rate noun: value, cost, or speed measured against another amount
ex: The average rate of the human heart is 76 beats per minute.
region noun: area
ex: KKMC is in the northern region of Saudi Arabia.
scenery noun: The features of a landscape; surrounding views
ex: There is beautiful scenery in Colorado. Lots of mountains and trees.
in that case exp: if that happens
ex: It might rain tomorrow. In that case, I’ll stay home.
once again exp: one more time, the same as before
ex: Once again, he forgot to study for the test.
once more exp: one more time
ex: I want to watch that film once more. It was really good.
to absorb verb: to take in

ex: The napkin can absorb a lot of water.
A good student can absorb a lot of vocabulary words.
to affect verb: to produce an effect on
ex: The hard work affected him by making him feel tired.
to bend verb: to force into a different shape
bent/bent ex: It’s difficult to bend steel.
to bounce back verb: to spring back; rebound
ex: He threw the ball against the wall and it bounced back to him.
to contain verb: to hold
ex: That bottle contains water.
to escape verb: to get out of a place
ex: The prisoner escaped from jail.
to form verb: to make up; to take the shape of
ex: We will form new classes at the beginning of the year.
to resist verb: to fight against; to withstand
ex: Many people resist change. They want to stay the same.
The army resisted the enemy’s attack.
to result from/in verb: to be the effect of; to cause an effect
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ex: His failure of the test resulted from not studying.
Not studying resulted in his failure.
to seal verb: to close; to fasten tightly
ex: Seal the envelope before you mail the letter.
to shape verb: to give form to
ex: He shaped the wire into the form of a heart.
to soak verb: to make something completely wet; to put something in water
ex: When your feet hurt, you should soak them in hot water.
to soak up verb: to absorb
ex: The students soaked up the vocabulary words.
The towel soaked up the water on the floor.
to squeeze verb: to apply pressure
ex: You must squeeze the toothpaste tube to get the toothpaste out.
to stretch verb: to extend; to pull to a greater size or length
ex: It’s easy to stretch rubber.
airtight adj: too tight for air or gas to escape
ex: A submarine is an airtight ship.
artificial adj: not natural; man made
ex: Clothes are made from natural and artificial materials.
as a result adv: what happens because of an action or event
ex: He is sick; as a result, he won’t be in school today.
as a result of prep: what happens because of an action or event
ex: As a result of the war, many people were killed.
effective adj: producing a desired result
ex: The medicine was effective. It made him well.
elastic adj: able to return immediately to its original size and shape
ex: Rubber is an elastic material.
flexible adj: able to bend without breaking; adjustable to change
ex: Copper is a very flexible material.
The soldier is flexible. He can work any hours, day or night.
hardly adv: almost none
ex: I have hardly any money left.
inflexible adj: unable to bend; unable to change
ex: Steel is an inflexible material.
nowadays syn: in these days; at the present time
ex: Nowadays, cars are expensive. They used to be cheap.
original adj: first; earliest
ex: I am the original owner of the car.
real adj: natural; not artificial
ex: That is real juice, not artificial.
rigid adj: stiff; not bending or flexible
ex: A steel bar is very rigid. Military regulations are very rigid.
so.....that con: to such a degree
ex: He was so tired that he couldn’t stay awake.
such.....that con: to so great a degree
ex: It was such a cold day that we decided to stay home.
such adj/adv: of the same or similar kind; so bad, great, good, etc.
ex: He tells such funny stories.
waterproof adj: can’t be damaged by water
ex: His watch is waterproof. He can wear it in the water.
watertight adj: of such construction that water cannot get through
ex: The boat is watertight. Water can’t get in the boat.
characteristic noun: feature; quality
ex: Honesty is his best characteristic.
chemical noun: a substance used in or produced by chemistry
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ex: Some chemicals are very dangerous.
content noun: what is inside of something
ex: The contents of this box are books and papers.
effect noun: the result of an action
ex: The effect of studying is an increase in quiz scores.
property noun: a characteristic
ex: A property of water is that it is tasteless.
result noun: what happens because of an action
ex: The accident was the result of reckless driving.
seal noun: something that closes tightly
ex: What will you use as a seal for that container.
substance noun: a material of a particular kind
ex: Gasoline is a combustible substance.
-y/-ty/-ity/-ility suffix used to change an adjective to a noun
to aid verb: to help, to assist

ex: The Red Crescent aids disaster victims.
to commit (a crime) verb: to do something wrong or unlawful
ex: He committed a serious crime when he stole the money.
to determine verb: to decide; to find out exactly
ex: The teacher will determine who the best student is by the test.
to enforce verb: to cause a rule or law to be carried out
ex: The policeman enforces traffic law.
to fill verb: to supply the things requested in a prescription or order
ex: The pharmacist filled the prescription for the sick man.
to interpret verb: to explain; to translate
ex: I can’t speak Spanish. Will you please interpret this for me.
to judge verb: to determine the winner of a contest; to form an opinion about
ex: The General will judge the military exercise and determine the winner.
to represent verb: to stand for; to symbolize
ex: Letters represent the sounds of a language.
The Captain will represent our unit at the meeting.
to rescue verb: to save from danger
ex: The policeman rescued the driver before the car exploded.
to search verb: to look for something; to examine carefully
ex: The men are searching for the boy who is lost in the desert.
to stand for verb: to represent; to tolerate
stood/stood ex: The flag stands for our country.
The teacher will not stand for sleeping in class.
civil adj: of or relating to citizens’ rights
ex: In the United States, freedom of speech is a civil right.
criminal adj: of or relating to crime
ex: That man has a long criminal record.
dual adj: having two parts; double
ex: That big truck has dual wheels in the back.
efficient adj: producing a result with little effort or waste
ex: A computer is a very efficient machine.
fair adj: clear and sunny (weather); just and honest
ex: It won’t rain today. The weather will be fair.
The teacher is fair. You will get the score you deserve.
illegal adj: against the law
ex: It is illegal to drive faster than the speed limit.
innocent adj: not guilty of a specific crime
ex: He did not steal that money. He is innocent.
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judicial adj: of judges, courts, etc.
ex: In Saudi Arabia, the judicial system consists of the Sharia courts.
just adj: fair or right
ex: He is innocent, so it is just that he not be punished.
legal adj: within the law
ex: The speed limit is 120kph. It’s legal to go 90kph.
abbreviation noun: a short form of a word or phrase
ex: USA is an abbreviation for the United States of America.
abundance noun: an amount more than enough
ex: There was an abundance of food at the party last night.
aid noun: help; assistance
ex: I tried to give aid to the man who was hurt in the accident.
architect noun: a person who designs buildings
ex: The architect who designed this building did a good job.
case noun: a problem tried in court; an example or instance
ex: There is a murder case being tried in that courtroom.
client noun: a person who hires a service from a professional person
ex: The architect has a new client. He will design a building for him.
court noun: a judicial assembly; a place where legal cases are decided
ex: The criminal went to court to receive his punishment.
crime noun: an act that is against the law
ex: Stealing is a very serious crime.
judge noun: a public official who is in charge of the court
ex: A judge must be very familiar with the laws.
jury noun: a group of people who decide guilt or innocence
ex: The jury said that the man was not guilty, so he was freed.
justice noun: fairness
ex: The Constitution of the U.S. guarantees justice to all citizens.
lawyer noun: a person who gives legal advice as a profession
ex: The criminal had a good lawyer and he won his case.
pharmacist noun: a druggist; one who sells legal drugs prescribed by doctors
ex: The pharmacist is preparing the medications for you now.
plumber noun: one who repairs and fits water pipes
ex: There’s a leak in my water pipes. I have to call a plumber.
be no use expression: be useless
ex: It’s no use changing the tire. The engine doesn’t work.
for a living expression: as a job
ex: I teach English for a living.
in general expression: usually
ex: In general, the weather in Saudi Arabia is very hot in the summer.
dis- prefix: used to give words a negative, or opposite, meaning
ex: Sgt. Evans obeyed orders, but Sgt. Smith disobeyed orders.
un- prefix: used to give words a negative, or opposite, meaning
ex: The desk is very heavy. The man is unable to lift it by himself.
to brief verb: to give all necessary information

ex: The commander briefed the officers before the exercise.
to command verb: to order; to direct
ex: The General commanded the troops to begin firing.
to contact verb: to get in touch with
ex: I contacted my friend to tell him about our meeting.
to discharge verb: to release from military service; to fire a weapon
ex: The army discharged him because of his injury.
He discharged his rifle before the sergeant gave the order.
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to discover verb: to learn or to find out; to find for the first time
ex: I discovered a new way to get to Riyadh.
to extend verb: to reach; to stretch; to make longer
ex: He extended his leave for an extra week. The man extended his hand in
greeting.
to head verb: to be in charge of; to lead
ex: The Lieutenant headed the platoon.
to hesitate verb: to stop briefly; to wait
ex: He hesitated before answering, because he was unsure.
to influence verb: to have an effect on; to affect
ex: The high salary influenced his decision to take the job.
to inform verb: to give information to someone
ex: The teacher informed the students of the test results.
to prohibit verb: to prevent; to not allow
ex: Smoking is prohibited in the classroom.
to re-enlist verb: to sign up again in the military
ex: He is finishing his time in the army, but he will re-enlist.
to recruit verb: to get new people for
ex: They are recruiting new soldiers for the army.
to request verb: to ask for something; to ask someone to do something
ex: He requested some leave from his commander.
to suggest verb: to offer as a possibility
ex: They suggested we go to Jeddah for the good diving.
to urge verb: to advise; to plead with
ex: The teacher urged the students to study hard for the test.
beneficial adj: helpful; useful
ex: The rain was beneficial to the farmers.
beyond prep/adv: to the further side of; past the limits of
ex: prep: He lives in the house beyond the bridge.
adv: Class lasts until 1430 and seldom goes beyond.
brief adj: short (time)
ex: There was only a brief period of study before the test.
subject to adj: under authority of; depending on
ex: We are subject to the rules of the school and the rules of the army.
advantage noun: a favorable circumstance; something helpful
ex: Being tall was a great advantage for the basketball player.
branch noun: a section; any part of a main body or system
ex: He’s in the aviation branch of the Saudi Land Forces Command.
category noun: a division or class in a plan of classification
ex: Fruit and meat are two different food categories.
command noun: an order; a controlling power or position
ex: He gave the command to fire. The general is the head of the aviation
command.
conduct noun: behavior in a particular situation
ex: The conduct of the men during the battle was excellent.
department noun: a branch; a separate part or division
ex: The teacher is a member of the English department at the school.
disadvantage noun: an unfavorable situation or condition
ex: He has a disadvantage in London because he doesn’t speak English.
discharge noun: a release; the act of discharge
ex: He received his discharge from the army yesterday.
extension noun: a continuation; an addition
ex: He received an extension of his leave.
head noun: the leader; the ruler; the person in charge
ex: The head of our unit is Colonel Nasser.
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influence noun: power to affect others; power to produce effects
ex: The colonel has a lot of influence with the general.
obligation noun: a duty or necessity
ex: He has an obligation to obey orders.
veteran noun: an ex-military person
ex: He’s an army veteran. He retired last year.
to be in contact with exp: to communicate with
ex: I’m in contact with my family by telephone and e mail.
to be in touch with exp: to be in contact with
ex: I’m in touch with my family by telephone and e mail.
to get in contact with exp: to get in touch with someone
ex: I got in contact with my friend to tell him the news.
to get in touch with exp: to get in contact with someone
ex: I got in touch with my friend to tell him the news.
Book 22 Vocabulary
to approach verb: to come near

ex: As I approached the gate, the guard told me to stop.
to breathe verb: to take in and let out air
ex: When people don’t breathe, they die.
to call on verb: to visit
verb: I called on my friend yesterday when I went by her house.
to choke verb: to stop breathing because of something stuck in your throat
ex: He took a big bite of meat and choked on it.
to concern verb: to cause worry
ex: I’m concerned about the baby. He looks sick.
to crash verb: to have an accident in a moving vehicle
ex: The car crashed into a wall and burned.
to cut in verb: to interrupt
cut/cut ex: I was talking to my friend when the colonel cut in and told me to do
something.
to faint verb: to lose consciousness; to pass out
ex: The frightened woman fainted and fell on the floor.
to interrupt verb: to cut in on; to stop something in progress
ex: I interrupted them while they were talking.
to pass out verb: to faint
ex: The frightened girl passed out and fell on the floor.
to shout verb: to yell; to speak loudly
ex: He was angry and he shouted at the men.
to steal verb: to take something that doesn’t belong to you
stole/stolen ex: He stole a car and now he’s in jail.
to swallow verb: to pass from mouth to stomach
ex: Chew your food before you swallow it.
as if conj: as it would be if something were true
ex: He’s very fast. It’s as if he could fly.
as though conj: as if
ex: He’s very fast. It’s as though he could fly.
Conscious adj: able to feel and think; awake; knowing
ex: He has a bad head injury, but he’s conscious.
Critical adj: at an important stage; the crisis of a disease
ex: Landing is the critical part of our flight.
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The patient is in critical condition.
Major adj: main; most important
ex: The ECL is the major factor in judging a student’s progress.
Minor adj: unimportant
ex: There is one minor problem with your car. I’ll fix it now.
Particular adj: specific; unusual; worthy of notice
ex: That particular book is very interesting.
Poisonous adj: deadly
ex: Some snakes are poisonous.
Slight adj: small in amount or extent
ex: I have a slight headache.
Within adj: inside the limits of
ex: We have a meeting within the hour.
at once adj: immediately
ex: You’re sick. Go to the dispensary at once.
give a hand exp: to help
ex: I need help. Will you give me a hand.
Ambulance noun: a vehicle to take sick people to the hospital.
ex: Call an ambulance! He’s hurt.
Crash noun: an accident
ex: There was a crash on the highway this afternoon.
Favor noun: a helpful act
ex: Please do me a favor and lend me some money.
Guy noun: a man or boy; a male
ex: There were two guys in the car.
Insect noun: a small creature with no bones and six legs
ex: An ant is an insect.
Object noun: a thing
ex: I see two objects on the table.
Poison noun: something poisonous or deadly
ex: I have some rat poison to kill all the rats.
Snake noun: a long animal with no legs or arms that crawls on the ground
ex: Some snakes are poisonous.
Stuff noun: things
ex: I have some stuff in the car.
re- prefix: again
ex: His wife died and he remarried.
-ness suffix: changes adjectives to nouns
ex: He’s happy. He enjoys his happiness.
to catch up with verb: to overtake

caught/caught ex: John left for Riyadh at 12 o’clock and Tom left at 12:15.
Tom drove faster and he caught up with John on the highway.
to declare verb: to say; to make known publicly
ex: Abdullah declared that he would not do his homework.
to designate verb: to appoint; to name
ex: We usually designate the senior officer as class leader.
to differ verb: to be different or unlike
ex: Our cars differ. His is big and slow. Mine is small and fast.
to elect verb: to select by a vote
ex: George Bush was elected president of the U.S.
to nominate verb: to name or propose for a position or award
ex: The teacher nominated one student for student of the month.
to run across verb: to meet by chance
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ran/run ex: I went to the Faisaleah and when I was there I ran across my friend.
to spot verb: to locate; to find; to see
ex: There were many people at the restaurant, but I spotted my friend sitting at a table.
to surprise verb: to amaze; to come upon suddenly
ex: He didn’t study. I was surprised that he passed the test.
to vote verb: a formal expression of choice
ex: In the election for school president I voted for my friend.
complex adj.: difficult to understand
ex: The math problems are very complex.
complicated adj.: difficult; complex
ex: The grammar in this book is very complicated.
due to prep: because of
ex: Due to the rain, we have a lot of water.
familiar adj: known; closely acquainted
ex: He looks familiar, but I can’t remember his name.
flammable adj: easy to burn
ex: Gasoline is a very flammable liquid.
former adj: in the past; the first of two
ex: Bill Clinton is the former president of the U.S.
Bill and Bob are my sons. The former is a pilot.
huge adj: very large
ex: The Boeing 747 is a huge aircraft.
latter adj: the second of two
ex: Bill and Bob are my sons. The latter is a pilot.
patient adj: able to wait without complaining
ex: He’s been waiting for his wife for 2 hours, but he’s not
upset. He’s a very patient man.
plain adj: simple; easy to see, hear, or understand
ex: He got zero on the test. It’s plain to see he didn’t study.
reckless adj: careless; not caring about danger
ex: The accident was caused by his reckless driving.
simple adj: not complicated; not complex
ex: Two plus two is a simple math problem.
yet conj: but
ex: He’s very intelligent, yet he failed the examination.
beauty noun: something that pleases or satisfies the senses
ex: There is a lot of beauty in a sunrise.
difference noun: the way in which things are unlike
ex: The difference in our cars is that yours is fast and mine is slow.
entrance noun: a place where you enter; a door or a gate
ex: The entrance to KKMC is at the main gate.
entry noun: an entrance
ex: The entry to KKMC is at the main gate.
exit noun: a place for leaving a room or building
ex: The exit for this building is on the first floor.
feature noun: a prominent part
ex: One feature of this English course is the language lab.
flame noun: fire; burning fuel
ex: He lit his cigarette from the flame of his lighter.
lens noun: an optical glass
ex: I have two lenses in my glasses and one lens in my camera.
note noun: a short written message
ex: I left a note on the table for my wife to tell her I will be late.
Patience noun: the ability to wait without complaining
ex: A good student needs patience , because it takes time to learn things.
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Surprise noun: a sudden unexpected event
ex: It was a surprise to see that my worst student got 100 on the examination.
Voice noun: the sound people make when speaking
ex: The teacher has a very loud voice.
to adhere (to) verb: to stick firmly; to follow

ex: This tape adheres to the wall very well.
The colonel adheres to all the military regulations.
to bore verb: to make a hole
ex: He used a drill to bore a hole in the wood.
to dig verb: to break up and move earth (with a shovel or tool)
dug/dug ex: I’m going to dig a garden tomorrow.
to drill verb: to make a hole by boring
ex: I want to drill for oil on my property.
to drive verb: to push or force; to provide power for
drove/driven ex: An electric motor drives that machine.
to enable verb: to make possible
ex: His study habits enabled him to pass the test.
to glue verb: to stick two objects together using glue
ex: The cup broke, but I glued it together again.
to grip verb: to hold tightly
ex: Grip the hammer and then hit the nail.
to join verb: to fasten
ex: Use solder to join the two wires.
to sand verb: to make smooth
ex: You should sand the wood before you paint.
to saw verb: to cut with a saw
ex: I want you to saw down that tree.
Bare adj: uncovered
ex: Don’t use bare hands. Put on gloves.
Blunt adj: dull; not pointed
ex: You can’t cut with the blunt side of a knife.
Clockwise adj: in the same direction as a clock
ex: Tighten the screw by turning it clockwise.
Coarse adj: rough; not smooth
ex: Sandpaper is very coarse.
counterclockwise adj: In the opposite direction of the clock
ex: Loosen the screw by turning it counterclockwise.
Fine adj: not coarse; thin in diameter
ex: Use fine sandpaper to make the wood very smooth.
Aim noun: purpose; intention; goal
ex: His aim is to pass the ECL. He’s studying very hard.
Board noun: a long flat piece of wood
ex: It requires many boards to build a house.
Bolt noun: a metal fastener
ex: After you install the battery, you should fasten the bolts.
Carpenter noun: a person who works with wood
ex: The carpenter is building a house for me.
Device noun: a piece of mechanical equipment
ex: An alarm clock is a device to wake us up.
Drill noun: a piece of equipment for boring holes
ex: I need to buy a drill so I can make holes in the wall.
Glue noun: a substance used to stick things together
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ex: Use some glue to stick that poster on the wall.
Goggles noun: protective eyewear
ex: Put on goggles before you use the drill.
Hammer noun: a tool used to drive nails into wood
ex: With a hammer, nails, and wood, I can build a house.
Hole noun: an empty area
ex: Insert the bolt into the hole in the wall.
Motion noun: movement
ex: Use a clockwise motion to fasten the bolt.
Nail noun: a metal pin used to fasten wood
ex: Use a nail to fasten those two pieces of wood.
Pliers noun: a gripping tool
ex: Hold the hot metal with your pliers.
Rust noun: oxidation on metal; metal rot
ex: There’s some rust on the metal. I have to sand it.
Sandpaper noun: a material used to make something smooth
ex: Get some sandpaper and sand that table top.
Saw noun: a tool used to cut wood
ex: I need to cut those boards. Where’s my saw.
Scissors noun: a hand tool used to cut paper or cloth
ex: The barber used scissors to cut my hair.
Shovel noun: a tool used to dig
ex: Take that shovel and dig a hole for the tree.
Tip noun: the end of something; pointed end of something
ex: That pencil tip is dull. Sharpen it.
Workshop noun: a place where work is done
ex: The carpenter has a nice workshop.
back and forth exp: one way and then the opposite
ex: You use a saw by moving it back and forth.
-ful suffix: added to noun to make adjective
ex: I needed some help. You were very helpful.
-less suffix: added to noun to make adjective
ex: She needed some help because she’s helpless.
to arm verb: to supply with weapons

ex: It’s expensive to arm a modern army.
to check off verb: to mark items on a list after doing them
ex: As you complete each job check it off on the list.
to detect verb: to discover
ex: The teacher detected an error in the student’s math test.
to equip verb: to provide with what is needed
ex: The Captain equipped his men with weapons and uniforms.
to explode verb: to blow up; to burst violently (as a bomb)
ex: The bomb exploded when it hit the target.
to identify verb: to recognize someone
ex: He identified the man who stole the money.
to interest verb: to attract the attention of
ex: I like the game of football. It interests me.
to risk verb: to take a chance
ex: You’ll risk your life if you drive recklessly.
to tend verb: to be likely
ex: He tends to score in the 90’s on book quizzes.
to troubleshoot verb: to look for problems or malfunctions in equipment
ex: The radio doesn’t work. I want you to troubleshoot it.
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..shot/..shot
Adequate adj: sufficient; good enough
ex: He doesn’t have a big salary, but it’s adequate.
Essential adj: necessary
ex: It’s essential to eat right and exercise in order to be healthy.
Extreme adj: excessive; at the furthest point
ex: The heat is extreme in the desert in the summer.
The clock is on the extreme left side of the class.
Inner adj: on the inside
ex: The inner part of the barrel of a gun must be cleaned.
on account of prep: due to; because of
ex: The game was postponed on account of rain.
Outer adj: on the outside
ex: The outer part of a banana is called the skin.
Stationary adj: standing still; not moving
ex: A car is stationary when it’s parked.
Thorough adj: complete
ex: Give your weapon a thorough cleaning every day.
Upper adj: the highest part
ex: The language lab is on the upper floor.
make sure exp: to be certain
ex: Make sure to fasten your seat belt when you get in the car.
Ammunition noun: cartridges; bullets
ex: The men have ammunition for their weapons.
Barrel noun: the long round part of a rifle or pistol
ex: A pistol barrel is shorter than a rifle barrel.
Bullet noun: a projectile fired from a gun
ex: He fired his weapon and his bullet hit the enemy soldier.
Cartridge noun: a bullet and its case
ex: A cartridge has two parts; a shell and a bullet.
Case noun: a cartridge shell; a container for gunpowder
ex: The case of the cartridge contains gunpowder.
Chamber noun: a compartment; part of a pistol where a bullet is
ex: After you fire the weapon, remove the cartridge case from the chamber.
Ease noun: little effort; rest
ex: They were able to complete the job with ease.
Firearm noun: a weapon
ex: Firearms safety is an important part of military training.
firing pin noun: part of the weapon that hits the cartridge to fire the weapon
ex: If the firing pin is not working, the weapon won’t fire.
Magazine noun: a place in some weapons to store cartridges
ex: I have a bullet in the chamber and two in the magazine.
Pin noun: a fastener
ex: Your name tag has a pin on the back of it.
Powder noun: an explosive material
ex: There is gunpowder in a bullet.
Round noun: one unit of ammunition
ex: I have five rounds of ammunition left.
Shell noun: a cartridge case
ex: After you fire the bullets, you can use the shells again.
Sight noun: an aiming device on a weapon
ex: Line up the target in your sight.
Tendency noun: an inclination
ex: He has a tendency not to study for tests. He often fails.
Trigger noun: the part of a weapon that is pulled to fire it
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ex: After you aim the weapon, pull the trigger.
il-/im-/in-/ir-/non- negative prefixes
Book 23 Vocabulary
to be composed of verb: to be made up of

ex: The atmosphere is composed of many gases.
to compress verb: to make smaller; to press together
ex: Most gases can be compressed.
to consist (of) verb: to be made up of; to be composed of
ex: Atoms consist of protons, electrons, and a nucleus.
to convert verb: to change
ex: Plants convert carbon dioxide to oxygen.
to evaporate verb: to change into vapor
ex: The water evaporated in the hot sun.
to exert verb: to use strength or force
ex: He exerted pressure on the gas pedal with his foot.
to exhale verb: to breathe out
ex: Humans inhale oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide.
to exist verb: to live; to be
ex: Life exists on the land and in the sea.
to expand verb: to become larger; to grow
ex: The population of the world is expanding.
to float verb: to rest on the surface of a fluid
ex: Wood floats in water.
to inhale verb: to breathe in
ex: Humans inhale oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide.
to melt verb: to change from solid to liquid due to heat
ex: The ice cream melted in the hot kitchen.
to occupy verb: to fill a space or a position
ex: Saeed occupies the first seat on the right.
to press verb: to exert force upon something
ex: Press the button to start the machine.
to surround verb: to enclose; to be on all sides of
ex: The fence surrounded the property.
atmospheric adj: Of the atmosphere
ex: Atmospheric pressure changes with altitude.
tiny adj: extremely small
ex: The baby only ate a tiny portion of food.
altitude adj: height above the earth’s surface
ex: The airplane’s altitude is 30,000 feet.
atmosphere noun: air surrounding the earth
ex: The earth’s atmosphere is being polluted by smog.
atom noun: the smallest possible part of a substance
ex: An atom has either a positive or negative charge.
barometer noun: an instrument used to measure atmospheric pressure
ex: When the barometer has a low reading, it may rain.
carbon dioxide noun: gas produced when you exhale
ex: We exhale carbon dioxide.
element noun: basic part;a substance containing one type of atom
ex: Water consists of the elements hydrogen and oxygen.
Form noun: appearance; shape
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ex: That cloud has the form of an animal.
Gas noun: neither solid nor liquid; a substance which tends to expand
ex: Hydrogen is a gas.
Hydrogen noun: a gaseous element
ex: Hydrogen is an explosive gas.
Layer noun: a single thickness
ex: The atmosphere has many layers. The cake has two layers.
Lung noun: one of two organs used in breathing
ex: When we inhale, we fill our lungs with air.
Matter noun: what a thing is made of; a substance
ex: Everything consists of matter.
Molecule noun: the smallest possible part of a compound
ex: A molecule consists of one or more atoms.
Nitrogen noun: a gaseous element
ex: The atmosphere is composed mainly of nitrogen.
Oxygen noun: a gaseous element
ex: Oxygen is a highly flammable gas.
Particle noun: a small piece or amount of something
ex: I’m allergic to dust particles in the air.
sea level noun: The average height of the sea’s surface
ex: Altitude is measured as height above sea level.
Solid noun: neither liquid nor gas
ex: Most elements are solids.
Space noun: empty area; the region outside the earth’s atmosphere
ex: Park your car in that space.
There are many satellites in space.
State noun: condition
ex: My car is in a terrible state. Nothing is working.
Steam noun: water vapor
ex: Boiling water produces steam.
Vacuum noun: space that is completely empty; especially of air
ex: Life cannot exist in a vacuum.
Vapor noun: liquid in a gas like form
ex: Steam, mist, and fog are types of vapor.
Volume noun: the size of an object or a space measured in cubic units
ex: The volume of that storage tank is 200,000 cubic feet.
to apply verb: to put or spread on; to put into use

ex: He knows how to apply his knowledge.
Apply the bandage to the wound.
to carry on verb: to continue; to do or perform
ex: The colonel told the men to carry on with their work.
They carry on with their studies even when the teacher is gone.
to carry out verb: to accomplish; to complete
ex: All soldiers should carry out their duties.
to collapse verb: to fall down; to fall into pieces
ex: During the earthquake, the building collapsed.
to collide verb: to hit into something with force
ex: The soccer players were injured when they collided.
to crush verb: to squeeze or press with enough force to break or injure
ex: The car was crushed when it was hit by the truck.
to elevate verb: to raise
ex: When a person faints, you should elevate their feet.
to expose verb: to leave unprotected; to bring into view
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ex: He exposed the plants to cold weather and they died.
The exercise exposed the students problems with the lesson.
to infect verb: to enter and cause a disease in the body
ex: The virus infected all the patients in the hospital.
to investigate verb: to search or inquire about the cause of something
ex: The police investigated the murder so they could find the killer.
to proceed verb: to start; to continue
ex: The policeman gave him a ticket and then told him to proceed.
to restrict verb: to limit
ex: Speed near the school is limited to 20 miles per hour.
to wound verb: to injure
ex: The soldier was wounded in the battle.
Aware adj: conscious; having knowledge
ex: The commander is aware of the problem.
Conscious adj: aware; knowing, understanding
ex: He was conscious of his need to study harder.
Continuous adj: constant
ex: The continuous rain caused a lot of flooding.
Firm adj: steady; solid
ex: Build your house on firm ground, not on sand.
He said no, and his decision was firm.
Initial adj: first
ex: His initial answer was correct, but he changed it to an incorrect one.
Somewhat adj: to a small degree; a little
ex: It seems somewhat cooler today than yesterday.
Steady adj: unchanging
ex: There was a steady rain all day today.
Unconscious adj: not able to think, feel, or understand
ex: He was injured in the accident and he’s unconscious.
Whenever conj: every; any time that
ex: Whenever I see him, he’s sick.
Artery noun: tube taking blook away from the heart
ex: Arteries carry blood from the heart to other parts of the body.
Bandage noun: material applied to a wound to protect the wound
ex: The doctor put a bandage on the wound.
Collision noun: violent contact
ex: There was a collision between the two cars and a man died.
first aid noun: initial emergency medical treatment
ex: They pulled the drowning boy from the water and gave him first aid.
Fracture noun: a broken bone; any break or crack in something
ex: The boy was injured. He has a fracture of the leg.
Procedure noun: a method
ex: The procedure for helping an accident victim is to give first aid and
to take him to a hospital.
Safety noun: The condition of being safe
ex: The lifeguard dove in the water and pulled the boy to safety.
Sequence noun: an orderly series
ex: Follow the directions in sequence, from 1 to 5.
Series noun: a number of things coming one after another in order
ex: The accident resulted from a series of mistakes.
Step noun: a stage in a process
ex: The first step in treating an accident victim is to give first aid.
Vein noun: a tube taking blood to the heart
ex: You can see your veins on the back of your hands.
Victim noun: one who suffers pain or harm
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ex: There were three victims of the accident.
Wound noun: an injury
ex: He had a wound to his leg and a wound to his arm.
by the time exp: before or not later than the time an event begins
(that) ex: Finish your homework by the time that I get home.
during the time exp: while
(that) ex: During the time that I’m at work, I want you to clean the house.
first of all exp: the first thing to do; the most important
ex: First of all, when giving first aid, make sure the victim is breathing.
to converge verb: to come together; to merge

ex: The two roads converge and become one road.
to correspond verb: to communicate by mail
ex: The soldier corresponded with his family back in America.
to direct verb: to guide
ex: The policeman directed the tourist to his destination.
to distribute verb: to give out; to scatter
ex: The teacher distributed the books to the students.
to endorse verb: to give approval; to write your name on the back of a check to cash it
ex: He endorsed the check and the teller gave him cash for it.
The general endorsed the colonel’s plan.
to fold verb: to bend something so that two parts of that thing touch each other
ex: Ali folded the letter before he put it in the envelope.
to go over verb: to review
went/gone ex: After the book quiz the class will go over the answers together.
to intersect verb: to cross
ex: Parallel lines never intersect.
to look in on verb: to make a short visit to, especially to a child or sick person at home
ex: My wife looked in on the children before going to bed.
to transport verb: to carry
ex: Airplanes are used to transport people to different places.
in the meantime exp: during this time; while something else is happening
ex: You go to the store. In the meantime, I’ll start lunch.
run short of exp: use almost all; to have only a small amount left
ex: We’re running short of food. Let’s buy groceries.
Beneath prep: below; under
ex: He put his books beneath the desk.
by means of prep: using; through the use of
ex: He sent the package by means of air mail.
by way of prep: via
ex: He traveled from Riyadh to New York by way of London.
Forward adv: opposite of backward
ex: The enemy is moving forward in our direction.
Meanwhile adv: during this time; in the meantime
ex: I’ll wash the car. Meanwhile, you clean the house.
Northeast noun: midway between north and east
ex: Hafer Al Batin is northeast of Riyadh.
Northwest noun: midway between north and west
ex: Egypt is northwest of Yemen.
on top of prep: on the top part of something
ex: My book is on top of the refrigerator.
opposite (to) prep: facing; across from
ex: The post office is opposite to the drug store.
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Previous adj: past; before
ex: He did well on the test today. His previous test score was bad.
Secondary adj: second in order or rank; not as important
ex: Learning to write English is secondary to learning to speak it.
Southeast noun: between south and east
ex: Riyadh is southeast of Cairo.
Southwest noun: between south and west
ex: Riyadh is southwest of Hafer Al Batin.
Throughout adv: in every part; from beginning to end
ex: He was talking to his friend throughout the class.
Arrow noun: symbol used to indicate direction
ex: The arrow on that highway sign points to the north.
correspondence noun: mailed communication
ex: I saved all of our correspondence. It’s in my desk.
Destination noun: the place to which a person or thing is going
ex: He’s going on a trip. His destination is Riyadh.
Island noun: a body of land surrounded on all sides by water
ex: England is an island.
Means noun: method; a way of achieving something
ex: What means will you use to finish the project.
Northwest adv: to or toward the northwest
ex: The wind is blowing northwest from the sea.
Northeast adv: to or toward the northeast
ex: The car is traveling northeast toward the city.
Route noun: way
ex: The quick route to Riyadh is via the highway.
Southeast adv: to or toward the southeast
ex: The plane was flying southeast when I saw it.
Track noun: path
ex: This track goes into the woods.
Tray noun: thing used to carry food or drinks
ex: The food in many mess halls is served on trays.
zip code noun: a number used by the post office to help deliver mail
ex: My zip code in New York is 10502.
-ern suffix: added to a noun to form an adjective indicating that something
occurs or is situated in a particular direction
ex: His house is located in the southern part of the city.
-ward suffix: added to words to form adjectives or adverbs indicating direction
ex: The wind is blowing southward.
to advance verb: to go forward

ex: The army advanced towards the enemy position.
to aim verb: to control direction
ex: The soldier aimed his weapon.
to demonstrate verb: to show
ex: The sergeant demonstrated how to fire the weapon.
to depress verb: to push down
ex: The car goes faster when you depress the gas pedal.
to give out verb: to distribute; to emit
ex: The teacher will give out books to the students today.
to give up verb: to surrender; to stop doing
ex: The enemy gave up when we attacked them.
He gave up his old job when he joined the army.
to go on with verb: to continue
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went/gone ex: The teacher went on with the lesson while the students slept.
to improve verb: to make better
ex: He wants to improve his test scores.
to inspect verb: to look at and examine closely and thoroughly
ex: The commander will inspect the aircraft tomorrow.
to interfere verb: to get in the way of someone or something; to get involved in
something that doesn’t concern you
ex: The loud music interferes with my studying.
ought to verb: expresses expectation about the future; should
ex: The train ought to arrive in 20 minutes. It’s on schedule.
He’s playing football but he ought to be studying.
to progress verb: to move forward
ex: She progressed in her studies throughout the year.
Should verb: used to express expectation; ought to
ex: The train should arrive in 20 minutes. It’s on schedule.
should have verb: used to express past expectation
ex: The train is late. It should have arrived 20 minutes ago.
Accurate adj: exact; precise
ex: Your answers must be very accurate when you take a test.
Awfully adv: very
ex: It’s awfully cold today.
Barely adv: almost not; by a very little
ex: He barely arrived on time.
Elementary adj: basic
ex: He’s at the elementary level in his English studies.
Expert adj: skilled
ex: He’s an expert mechanic.q
Immediate adj: instant; without delay
ex: He wrote an immediate reply to my e mail.
Intermediate adj: middle
ex: He’s not an elementary or advanced student. He’s intermediate.
Level noun: position; height
ex: The plane is 1,000 feet above sea level.
Satisfactory adj: adequate; acceptable
ex: He’s making satisfactory progress in his studies.
Skilled adj: expert
ex: He’s a skilled mechanic.
Accuracy noun: correctness; precision
ex: He fires his weapon with accuracy.
Artillery noun: large guns; the branch of the army that is involved with large guns
ex: The army fired the artillery at the enemy positions.
He’s not in the infantry, he’s in the artillery.
Effort noun: an attempt to accomplish something
ex: He made a good effort to score 100 on the test.
Event noun: a special happening; an occurence
ex: Graduation will be the biggest event of the year.
Expert noun: a highly skilled person
ex: He’s an expert in the field of Biology.
Failure noun: lack of success; nonperformance
ex: He was a failure as a soldier, but he was a good mechanic.
The car had a mechanical failure.
Infantry noun: part of the army composed of foot soldiers; foot soldiers
ex: The infantry attacked the enemy positions.
Level adj: horizontal; even
ex: The top of the desk should be level.
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marksman/-men noun: one who is proficient in the use of weapons
ex: Sergeant Ahmed is an expert marksman.
Marksmanship noun: the quality of being a marksman
ex: He was famous for his marksmanship.
Phase noun: a stage in development or growth
ex: The students are in the last phase of their training.
Progress noun: development
ex: His progress in English is excellent.
Squad noun: the smallest unit in the military
ex: His squad consists of 10 men.
Target noun: an object that is aimed at
ex: He fired his weapon five times and hit the target five times.
-ance suffix: added to verbs to form nouns expressing act, condition, or quality
of something
ex: The actor’s performance was wonderful.
-ence suffix: added to verbs to form nouns expressing act, condition, or quality of something
ex: His interference made it impossible to study.
pre- prefix: added to words to express before; in advance; in front of
ex: It happened in prehistoric times.
Book 24 Vocabulary
Construct verb: to build, to erect or create

He constructs houses for a living.
Erect verb: to set in an upright position, to set-up, to construct, to build
He erected a hotel on that piece of property.
Liquefy verb: to become a liquid
Ice will liquefy when it is heated.
Mine verb: to dig (especially for minerals), to excavate
The men are mining for copper.
Pour verb: to make a liquid into container by holding it at an angle
My wife poured tea for us.
Refine verb: to make pure, to purify
The oil must be refined before it is used in industry.
Solidify verb: to make or become solid, to freeze
Ice solidifies when the temperature is freezing.
turn into verb: to change into, to become
Water turns into ice when it freezes.
Utilize verb: to make use of, to put to profitable use, to use
Copper is utilized for the production of electrical wire.
Vary verb: to change, to alter, to modify
The temperature varies from hot to cold in the spring.
Abundant adjective: plentiful, more than enough
Sand is abundant in Saudi Arabia.
Actual adjective: real, existing in reality
This is not an exercise; it’s an actual emergency.
Actually adverb: really, truly, unquestionably
I wasn’t actually in Riyadh last week.
Comparatively adv: compared to something else, relative to others
This car is comparatively cheap, it costs less than that car.
Extensive adjective: covering a wide area, a lot of
He has extensive knowledge of this area.
Fixed adjective: fastened, attached, not movable
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His name tag is fixed on his shirt.
Overall adjective: generally, total, including everything
He failed one book quiz, but overall his grades are good.
Pure adjective: clean, not mixed with anything, unmixed
That necklace is made of pure gold.
Relatively adverb: in a comparative way; comparatively
He’s relatively tall compared to the other students.
Various adjective: of different kinds, different, varied
There were various drinks on the menu.
Access noun: entrance, a means of approach, the right to enter or use
He has access to the library. He has a library card.
Access to the building is through the front door.
Alloy noun: a mixture of metals
Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc.
Brass noun: a copper-zinc alloy
The doorknobs are made of brass.
Bronze noun: a copper-tin alloy
Bronze is a stronger alloy than brass.
Carbon noun: a nonmetallic element found in all organic compounds
Some carbon is found in gasoline.
Cement noun: a powder which hardens when mixed with water
Sidewalks are made with cement.
Concrete noun: a mixture of cement, sand, and gravel
Buildings are made with concrete.
Iron noun: a common metallic element which rusts easily
Some fences are made of iron.
Mine noun: a place where metals are dug from the earth
There are many coal mines in West Virginia.
Mineral noun: material found in the earth; metallic ore
Gold and silver are valuable minerals.
Ore noun: rocks containing minerals
The men are digging iron ore from that mine.
Origin noun: the beginning; the starting point
The origin of Islam was in the 7th century in Saudi Arabia.
Source noun: a place of origin; a starting point
The major source of light is the sun.
Steel noun: an alloy of iron, carbon, zinc, and nickel
Steel is used to construct buildings.
-fy / -ify suffix: added to nouns and adjectives to form verbs
The answer isn’t clear. Can you clarify it for me?
concentrate (on) verb: to direct one’s attention toward; to focus on

He concentrated on the listening part of the examination.
cross-check verb: to check correctness by comparing two sources of information
Cross-check that vocabulary word using your textbook and a dictionary.
cross off verb: to draw a line through
Cross his name off the list. He can’t come.
cross out verb: to draw a line through
Cross out the names of the people who can’t come.
Discard verb: to throw away; to dispose of; to get rid of
You should discard this broken watch. It’s no good.
dive / verb: to make a steep descent; to plunge headfirst into water
dove The pilot dove to a lower altitude to avoid the other aircraft.
The swimmer dove into the river.
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Fear verb: to be afraid of; to be scared of; to be frightened of
He feared that he would die in a fire.
Ignore verb: to disregard; to neglect; to pay no attention to
Don’t ignore traffic safety signs. Obey the speed limit.
Maneuver verb: to move skillfully to a position; to perform a maneuver
The fighter pilot maneuvered his aircraft behind the enemy jet.
Navigate verb: to guide; to direct movement; to plot a course or route
I drove the car while my wife read the map and navigated.
Propel verb: to move forward
The plane is propelled by a powerful engine.
go right verb: to go correctly; to work smoothly; to not have problems
Everything went right on the test. I’m glad I studied.
go wrong verb: to go incorrectly; to not go smoothly; to have problems
Something’s going wrong with my car. It doesn’t run well.
keep track of verb: to keep informed of; to know where or when something is
he keeps track of new developments in his field.
lose track of verb: to not keep informed; to not know where or when something is
I lost track of my old army friends. I don’t know where they are now.
Bumpy adj: having many bumps; rough; not smooth
It was a bumpy ride through the desert.
Precise adjective: exact; correct; with precision
His precise height is 176 centimeters.
co- prefix: together with; joint
His coworkers like him very much.
Aircraft noun: a machine or machines that fly
There are six new aircraft arriving today from Riyadh.
Altimeter noun: an instrument for determining height above sea level
The aircraft’s altimeter shows that we’re at 30,000 feet.
Attitude noun: a way of thinking or feeling; position of a body or airplane
He has a good attitude towards his job.
The attitude of the aircraft is that its nose is slightly elevated.
Aviation noun: the science of flying aircraft
Joe studied aviation to prepare for a career as a pilot.
Cockpit noun: the part of the aircraft where the pilot sits
The pilot checked all the gauges in the cockpit.
Compass noun: an instrument for showing direction based on Earth magnetism
The needle on the compass always points to the north.
Disaster noun: a sudden misfortune, either manmade or natural
The flood in Bangladesh was a terrible disaster.
Fear noun: something you’re afraid of
His biggest fear was that he would die in a fire.
Flap noun: part of an airplane’s wings; anything hanging loose
By raising the flaps you can control your altitude.
Fuselage noun: the body of an airplane
The wings of an aircraft are attached to the fuselage.
Instrument noun: a tool or device
A thermometer is an instrument that measures temperature.
Maneuver noun: a skillful move; the planned moves of a military unit
The army made a maneuver to cut off the enemy troops.
Mask noun: a covering to hide or protect the face
Doctors wear masks during surgery.
Missile noun: a projectile; an explosive weapon; a rocket
The aircraft fired a missile at the aircraft site.
Needle noun: the indicating pin in a gauge, a long metal pin used for sewing
The needle on the gas gauge shows empty.
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Panel noun: a place for instrument gauges 2) a group of people
The instrument panel has many gauges.
There is a panel of six officers doing the investigation.
Precaution noun: a step taken to prevent something from going wrong
Filling your fuel tank is a good precaution against running out.
propeller / prop noun: a device with rotating blades which propels aircraft or boats
The engine is running and the propeller is turning.
Runway noun: a landing and takeoff strip for aircraft
The aircraft landed on runway number 1.
Tail noun: the rear part of an aircraft
The tail of an airplane keeps it stable in flight.
Turbine noun: an engine driven by the pressure of a liquid or gas
The turbine on this aircraft is better than the old model.
Velocity noun: speed; quickness
The wind velocity is 100 miles per hour during a storm.
Windscreen noun: the cockpit window in front of the pilot and copilot
Windscreens are made of glass or clear plastic.
Windshield noun: like a windscreen, except that it’s on a car
Whenever I fill up with gas, I always clean the windshield.
Wing noun: part of an aircraft or bird which enables it to fly
The 747 has very long wings.
Accumulate verb: to build up; to collect; to amass or accrue

He accumulated a large collection of stamps.
Adapt verb: to adjust; to make changes to suit a particular environment
The man adapted well to life in the military.
Condense verb: 1) to change from vapor to liquid 2) to shorten; to compress
This report is too long. It should be condensed.
Dissolve verb: to melt; to change into a solution; to make or become liquid
Dissolve this powder in that water.
Exceed verb: to go beyond; to excel; to surpass
Don’t exceed the speed limit or you’ll get a ticket.
look into verb: to investigate; to examine; to explore
I don’t know who stole the money. I’ll look into it.
Penetrate verb: to enter, to pierce; to go through
The bullet penetrated the wall of the house.
Saturate verb: to soak; to make very wet
Heavy rains saturate the ground with water.
Vaporize verb: to change into vapor such as steam, fog or mist
Liquids vaporize when they are boiled.
Especially adverb: for a specific purpose; mainly; particularly; primarily
I bought this gift especially for you.
Eventually adverb: finally; happening at last as a result
He eventually got his Master’s degree through hard work.
Excessive adjective: too much; more than an acceptable or usual number
He made an excessive number of mistakes.
Fertile adjective: fruitful; productive
This land is very fertile. I can grow anything on it.
His imagination is very fertile. He has many good ideas.
Fluent adjective: able to speak or write easily; flowing smoothly
He speaks fluent English.
Ordinary adjective: usual; normal; common; typical
Being a pilot is not an ordinary job.
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Principal noun: the head (leader) of a school or headmaster
Mr. Jones is my high school principal.
prior (to) adjective / preposition: earlier; before
He was late because he had a prior appointment. (adj)
The soccer game was prior to the baseball game.
Saturated adjective: to be completely soaked with something; filled completely
It was raining so hard he quickly became saturated.
Scientific adjective: dealing with science
The scientific explanation was difficult to understand.
Excess noun: an amount by which something exceeds; surplus
There was an excess of paper this month; they sent too much.
Gravity noun: the pull of objects towards the earth’s center
Objects remain on the ground due to gravity.
Moisture noun: dampness; humidity
There is little moisture in the desert air.
Precipitation noun: rain; drizzle; shower; snow; hail
There is little precipitation in the desert.
Principal adjective: main; major; chief
My principal objection to the plan is its cost.
Reservoir noun: a place for storing and collecting water, i.e. tanks, pools, or
artificial lakes. This reservoir provides water to the city.
Soil noun: the surface layer of earth supporting plant life; dirt
There is little fertile soil in the desert.
Viscosity noun: the thickness of a liquid
Temperatures affect the viscosity of some liquids.
Well noun: a hole bored into the earth to look for water or oil
There are many oil wells in Saudi Arabia.
for instance exp: for example; such as
There are several good cars on the market, for instance Mercedes and BMW.
Accumulate verb: to build up; to collect; to amass or accrue

He accumulated a large collection of stamps.
Adapt verb: to adjust; to make changes to suit a particular environment
The man adapted well to life in the military.
Condense verb: 1) to change from vapor to liquid 2) to shorten; to compress
This report is too long. It should be condensed.
Dissolve verb: to melt; to change into a solution; to make or become liquid
Dissolve this powder in that water.
Exceed verb: to go beyond; to excel; to surpass
Don’t exceed the speed limit or you’ll get a ticket.
look into verb: to investigate; to examine; to explore
I don’t know who stole the money. I’ll look into it.
Penetrate verb: to enter, to pierce; to go through
The bullet penetrated the wall of the house.
Saturate verb: to soak; to make very wet
Heavy rains saturate the ground with water.
Vaporize verb: to change into vapor such as steam, fog or mist
Liquids vaporize when they are boiled.
Especially adverb: for a specific purpose; mainly; particularly; primarily
I bought this gift especially for you.
Eventually adverb: finally; happening at last as a result
He eventually got his Master’s degree through hard work.
Excessive adjective: too much; more than an acceptable or usual number
He made an excessive number of mistakes.
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Fertile adjective: fruitful; productive
This land is very fertile. I can grow anything on it.
His imagination is very fertile. He has many good ideas.
Fluent adjective: able to speak or write easily; flowing smoothly
He speaks fluent English.
Ordinary adjective: usual; normal; common; typical
Being a pilot is not an ordinary job.
Principal noun: the head (leader) of a school or headmaster
Mr. Jones is my high school principal.
prior (to) adjective / preposition: earlier; before
He was late because he had a prior appointment. The soccer game was prior to the
baseball game.
Saturated adjective: to be completely soaked with something; filled completely
It was raining so hard he quickly became saturated.
Scientific adjective: dealing with science
The scientific explanation was difficult to understand.
Excess noun: an amount by which something exceeds; surplus
There was an excess of paper this month; they sent too much.
Gravity noun: the pull of objects towards the earth’s center
Objects remain on the ground due to gravity.
Moisture noun: dampness; humidity
There is little moisture in the desert air.
Precipitation noun: rain; drizzle; shower; snow; hail
There is little precipitation in the desert.
Principal adjective: main; major; chief
My principal objection to the plan is its cost.
Reservoir noun: a place for storing and collecting water, i.e. tanks, pools, or
artificial lakes. This reservoir provides water to the city.
Soil noun: the surface layer of earth supporting plant life; dirt
There is little fertile soil in the desert.
Viscosity noun: the thickness of a liquid
Temperatures affect the viscosity of some liquids.
Well noun: a hole bored into the earth to look for water or oil
There are many oil wells in Saudi Arabia.
for instance exp: for example; such as
There are several good cars on the market, for instance Mercedes and BMW.
Book 25 Vocabulary
1. to contaminate verb: to pollute; to make dirty

ex: That food is contaminated with disease. Don’t eat it!
2. to coordinate verb: to make sure different activities take place as planned
ex: There are four briefings tomorrow. We have to coordinate their
times so everyone can attend all the briefings.
3. to emit verb: to send out; to give off
ex: The sun emits light and heat. The old car emits a lot of fumes.
4. to endanger verb: to expose to harm; risk
ex: He endangered his life when he drove recklessly.
5. to exhaust verb: to use up completely; tire out
ex: The driver exhausted his fuel. He ran out of gas.
The man was very exhausted. He fell asleep immediately.
6. to expel verb: to force out
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ex: The bad student was expelled from school.
The tailpipe on a car expels fumes from the engine.
7. to invent verb: to create; to make for the first time
ex: Thomas Edison invented the automobile.
8. to involve verb: to include
ex: I wasn’t involved in that decision. The General made it.
9. to manufacture verb: to make a product in a factory
ex: The auto plant manufactures cars.
10. to pollute verb: to make dirty; to contaminate
ex: Factory fumes pollute the air.
11. atomic adj: nuclear
ex: There is an atomic power plant near my city.
12. compulsory adj: mandatory
ex: Wearing your uniform to class is compulsory. You must do it.
13. industrial adj: having to do with industries
ex: The U.S. is an industrial nation.
14. moreover adv: in addition to; besides
ex: That car is too expensive. Moreover, I don’t like the color.
15. not conj: not including
ex: He likes tea, not coffee.
16. nuclear adj: relating to atomic power
ex: We get our electricity from a nuclear power plant.
17. optional adj: not compulsory or mandatory; having a choice
ex: You don’t have to wear a tie to work. Ties are optional.
18. permanent adj: not temporary; lasts a long time or forever
ex: I have a permanent home in Riyadh, but I’m living in Jeddah now.
19. radioactive adj: harmful quality of nuclear (atomic) energy
ex: The atomic power plant emits radioactive material.
20. respiratory adj: related to breathing
ex: The respiratory system consists of the lungs, mouth, nose, and throat.
21. similarly adv: in a similar way or manner
ex: These two machines work similarly, but one costs more.
22. temporary adj: not permanent; for a short or limited time
ex: I have a temporary job in Riyadh. It will only last one week.
23. toxic adj: poisonous; deadly
ex: The chemical plant emits toxic waste.
24. advances noun: progress in development
ex: Due to advances in medical technology, people live longer.
25. emission noun: the act of giving out; emitting
ex: My old car is emitting lots of fumes. I have to have it repaired.
26. environment noun: natural surroundings; conditions we live in
ex: Water, trees, and land are part of our environment.
He has good parents and a nice home. It’s a good environment.
27. fume noun: gas, smoke, or vapor
ex: Gasoline fumes from car engines pollute the air.
28. plant noun: factory
ex: The auto plant makes cars.
29. project noun: organized activity; plan
ex: The Colonel is working on a big project for the general.
30. resource noun: supply; source
ex: Trees and minerals are natural resources.
31. site noun: location, place
ex: This looks like a good site to build our house.
32. surroundings noun: things around a person
ex: Mary grew up in comfortable surroundings. She had many nicethings in her
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house.
33. technology noun: science of skilled processes; scientific methods
ex: Computer technology makes it easy to communicate.
34. waste noun: trash; unwanted matter
ex: Throw your waste in the trashcan before you leave.
Waste from the chemical factory pollutes the river.
35. above all syn: most importantly
ex: Study hard and above all, don’t be late for the test.
36. if not syn: or else
ex: You’d better study for the test. If not, you’ll fail.
37. in the same way syn: similarly
ex: Very few instructors teach in the same way.
38. anti- prefix: against
ex: The people are antiwar. They want peace.
39. pro- prefix: for; in favor of
ex: The president is production. He is in favor of good schools.
1. to abandon verb: 1. to leave without returning; 2. to give up a project without finishing (quit)
ex: The sailors abandoned the ship when it began to sink.
He abandoned his homework to play football.
2. to capture verb: to take by force or surprise
ex: The police captured the two criminals.
3. to deal with verb: to handle; to be concerned with
dealt/dealt ex: A teacher must deal with the problems in his class. This book deals with the
history of Saudi Arabia. I will deal with that later. = I will take care of it later.
4. to displace verb: to move from its usual place; to replace
ex: The big ship displaces 100,000 tons of water.
The war in the country displaced millions of people.
5. to launch verb: to start or fire
ex: The F-15 launched a missile at the target.
I launched the software on my computer.
6. to sail verb: to travel by water
say ex: My parents sailed from New York to England last year.
7. to submerge verb: to go underwater
ex: The submarine submerged for a short time and then surfaced.
8. aboard adverb: on or within a vehicle; to get on a vehicle
ex: The passengers went aboard the airplane.
How many people are onboard/aboard? = How many people are on the ship?
9. equally adverb: having the same amount, size, or number
ex: The teams are equally matched for this game.
The teacher divided the homework equally among the week days.
10. underwater adverb: beneath the surface of the water, submerged
ex: The ship sank. It’s underwater now.
11. antenna noun: a device for receiving and sending radio waves
ex: The radio doesn’t work. It doesn’t have an antenna.
12. bow noun: the front part of a ship
ex: The number of a ship is painted on its bow.
13. cargo noun: things that are carried by a ship, plane, or truck; SUPPLIES
ex: The ship is carrying a cargo of oil. .The C-130 carries cargo to the base.
14. clearance noun: the space between two objects
ex: The clearance under the door is 2 meters.
15. crew noun: a group of people working together
ex: The flight crew refueled the plane.
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16. fleet noun: a number of ships under one commander, a group of ships
ex: The fleet consisted of 25 ships.
17. hull noun: the body of a ship
ex: If the hull of the submarine is strong it can go very deep underwater.
18. navigator noun: person who sets the course of the ship
ex: The navigator uses special instruments to determine the ship’s position.
19. port noun: 1. a city near the water where ships can stop; a harbor; 2. the left side
ex: The ship is located in the port of New York.
The ship was damaged on the port side.
20. radar noun: an electronic detection device
ex: The ship’s radar can detect aircraft and other ships.
21. range noun: extent, degree
ex: This missile has a range of 500 miles.
22. rocket noun: a self-propelled missile
ex: Some rockets can be launched from a submarine.
23. seaport noun: a city on the sea; a port
ex: Jeddah is a seaport in Saudi Arabia.
24. sonar noun: a detection device
ex: Sonar uses sound waves to detect things underwater.
25. starboard noun: the right side of the ship
ex: The ship was damaged on the starboard side.
26. stern noun: the back part of a ship
ex: The sailors were standing on the stern of the ship.
27. structure noun: something built or organized
ex: The Faisaleah Center is a very modern structure.
The structure of the lessons was good.
28. submarine noun: an underwater ship
ex: Some submarines can go 2,000 feet under the sea.
29. torpedo noun: a self-propelled underwater explosive
ex: The submarine fired a torpedo at the aircraft carrier.
30. transmitter noun: a radio used to send messages
ex: The ship has many transmitters to send messages.
31. vessel noun: a ship
ex: The U.S. Navy has over 500 vessels.
32. warfare noun: armed conflict against the enemy; a type of war
ex: The argument between the two countries led to warfare.
33. warship noun: a naval vessel
ex: The new warship will have a new weapons system.
34. wave noun: an up and down movement in which some forms of energy move
ex: Radio waves carry sound from transmitters to receivers.
The big waves at the beach are very dangerous for swimmers.
35. on board noun: be on a ship, plane, or bus, etc.
ex: There were many passengers on board the ship.
1. to be about to verb: be ready to do something in immediate future

ex: He’s nervous. He’s about to take his ALCPT.
2. to comment verb: to make a remark; to say something about something
ex: He commented on the movie he saw last night. He gave his opinion.
3. to delay verb: to put off; to postpone
ex: He delayed the trip because he was ill. He will go next week.
4. to dread verb: to fear; to be frightened of
ex: He dreaded his visit to the dentist’s office.
5. to endure verb: to tolerate; to stand; to bear; to put up with
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ex: The man endured the pain without an anesthetic.
6. to fall apart verb: to disintegrate; to break into pieces; to have many problems at once
fell/fallen ex: That document was so old that it fell apart when I touched it.
My car is falling apart. It’s very old and I need a new one.
7. to glance verb: to look briefly or quickly at something
ex: The student glanced at his watch to see if he had enough time to finish.
8. to go through verb: to endure; to search
went/gone ex: The Sergeant went through a long illness, but now he’s well.
He went through his wallet looking for his ID.
9. to grind verb: to crush into small particles; to rub together harshly
ground/ground ex: The cook ground the meat and made hamburgers.
His teeth always hurt because he grinds them at night.
10. to relieve verb: to lessen; to reduce
ex: He took the medicine to relieve the pain.
He works to hard. We should relieve him of some of the work.
11. to vanish verb: to disappear; to go away
ex: After he took the medicine, his headache vanished.
The criminal stole the money and then he vanished. We can’t find him.
12. to withstand verb: to tolerate; to resist; to endure
withstood ex: He withstood the pain for a long time without complaining.
The big tree withstood the wind without blowing over.
13. as long as conj: since; provided that; if
ex: As long as you’re going to Riyadh, will you give me a ride.
You can go to Riyadh, as long as you return by Saturday.
14. constant adj: unchanging; continuous
ex: The constant rain has caused many floods.
15. dental adj: concerning teeth, dentistry
ex: I have a toothache. I’m going to the dental clinic.
16. despite prep: in spite of
ex: She came to work despite her illness.
17. in spite of prep: despite
ex: She came to work in spite of her illness.
18. nonetheless adv: nevertheless
ex: I can’t come to the party. Nonetheless, I thank you for inviting me.
19. nor conj: and not, or not
ex: She didn’t cook, nor did she clean up.
20. numb adj: without pain, feeling, or sensation
ex: The doctor made my foot numb before the operation.
21. regardless adv: despite the fact that; anyway
ex: It’s raining, but we’ll play football, regardless.
22. regardless of prep: in spite of
ex: We must finish this work today regardless of the time.
23. though adv: however, nevertheless; in spite of everything
ex: He works long hours; he seems to enjoy his work, though.
24. anesthetic noun: a painkiller; a drug or gas used to make an area numb
ex: I needed an anesthetic before the surgery.
25. cavity noun: a hole in a tooth; a hollow place
ex: I went to the dentist. He filled my cavities.
26. facility noun: a building where a specific activity takes place
ex: The base has both a medical and a dental facility.
27. filling noun: a substance used to fill something
ex: The dentist put three fillings in my teeth.
28. needle noun: a pin-like device
ex: My wife can’t find her sewing needles.
The doctor used a needle to inject the anesthetic.
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29. nerve noun: part of the nervous system; transmitter of pain
ex: The anesthetic makes his nerves numb.
Nerves help us to feel sensations such as pain, cold, and heat.
30. vicinity noun: the surrounding area
ex: There are many restaurants in the vicinity of the base.
31. even so exp: in spite of that; though that is true
ex: It’s raining. Even so, we must go to work.
32. in a way exp: in a manner of speaking
ex: In a way you’re correct, but you don’t know all of the details.
33. to take effect exp: to become effective; to begin to work (medicine)
ex: The new schedule takes effect next week.
You’ll feel better after the medicine takes effect.
34. to begin with exp: the first reason is
ex: Why did he fail the test? To begin with, he didn’t study.
35. to start with exp: to begin with
ex: Let’s start with grammar first, then move on to reading.
1. to amaze verb: to greatly surprise

ex: It amazed me that he got 100 on the test.
2. to approve of verb: to consider good, right, or sensible; to give permission
ex: The colonel approved my leave.
My wife approved of my new clothes.
3. to calculate verb: to compute; to estimate; to figure
ex: I calculated my average score for the first three tests.
4. to cheer…up verb: to make happy
ex: My friend is sad. I’m going to try to cheer him up.
5. to compute verb: to calculate; to figure
ex: I computed my average score for the first three tests.
6. to disturb verb: to bother; to annoy
ex: The noise from the radio disturbed the studying students.
7. to get…across verb: to make your ideas understood
got/gotten ex: The teacher couldn’t get his method of solving the problem across to the
students.
8. to irritate verb: to disturb; to bother; to annoy
ex: The dust irritates my eyes. The dog’s constant barks irritated the neighbors.
9. to mess up verb: to ruin; to make a mistake
ex: He messed up the job. Now we have to do it again.
I messed up two questions on the test.
10. to recognize verb: to identify; to be aware of something
ex: I recognize that man. I saw him at the store yesterday.
I recognize that the test is tomorrow, but I haven’t had time to study.
11. amazed adj: surprised
ex: I was amazed that I got 100 on the quiz. I thought I messed it up.
12. amazing adj: surprising
ex: He had an amazing score on the test.
13. curious adj: eager to know; interested
ex: I’m curious to know what is in the package.
I’m curious about the history of Saudi Arabia. I want to study it.
14. diagonal adj: slanted; not straight
ex: Draw a diagonal line from the top right corner to the bottom left.
15. disturbed adj: annoyed; upset; worried
ex: I was disturbed by all the noise.
16. disturbing adj: annoying; upsetting; worrying
ex: It was disturbing to hear the bad news.
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17. evident adj: clear; obvious; easy to see
ex: It was evident from his score that he studied hard for the test.
18. fundamental adj: basic; essential
ex: If you want to do well in school, good study habits are fundamental.
19. irritated adj: angry; sore
ex: The teacher gets irritated when the students are late.
20. irritating adj: annoying; causing discomfort
ex: Soap can be very irritating to your eyes.
21. obvious adj: clear; evident; easy to see
ex: It’s obvious he studied. He got 100.
22. valuable adj: very important; having a money value
ex: I learned a valuable lesson when I failed the test. I must study.
The car is very valuable. It’s worth 1,000,000 dollars.
23. worth prep: of the value of
ex: That car is worth over $100,000.
24. algebra noun: a branch of mathematics
ex: The students are studying Algebra today.
25. angle noun: the space between two lines that meet or cross each other
ex: A 90 degree angle is a perpendicular angle.
26. approval noun: the act of approving; a good opinion of
ex: The colonel gave his approval to my leave.
My father showed his approval of my success with his congratulations.
27. digit noun: any number from 0 to 9
ex: The number 21 has 2 digits.
28. dimension noun: measurement
ex: The dimensions of the room are 3 x 6 meters.
29. formula noun: a fixed form of words or procedures
ex: The formula for water is H2O.
30. impression noun: an effect on the mind
ex: The student made a good impression on the teacher. He scored 100 on the
first test.
31. individual noun: one person or thing
ex: There are two individuals that the police are looking for.
32. value noun: the worth of something in money
ex: The value of that car is over $100,000.
33. to be fed up with exp: can’t tolerate any longer
ex: I’m fed up with the bad service in this restaurant. I’m leaving.
34. in spite of the fact that exp: taking no notice of the fact
ex: In spite of the fact that our best player was injured, we won the game.
35. in spite of it all exp: taking no notice of many things
ex: He’s very ill and has many problems, but in spite of it all, he has a positive
attitude.
36. once and for all exp: for the last time
ex: I told the class once and for all that if they don’t study, they won’t pass.
Book 26 Vocabulary
to activate verb: to cause to start; to be active

ex: This switches activates the the electrical system.
You must activate your ATM card before you can use it.
to be behind (in) verb: to be overdue in work, etc.
ex: Everyone had to wait for Bob to finish. He was behind the rest.
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to bear/bore/borne verb: to endure
ex: I can’t bear the heat in August. It’s over 50 degrees!
to bring up/ verb: to introduce; to raise
brought/brought ex: Ali brought up his idea at the meeting.
Parents like to bring up their children in a nice, safe neighborhood.
to catch up (on)/ verb: to come from behind
caught/caught ex: He was absent last week, so he must catch up on the old lessons.
Run faster so you can catch up to the other runners.
to dispose of verb: to get rid of
ex: Please dispose of your Pepsi cans properly. Put them in the trash.
to fall behind (in)/ verb: to become overdue in work, etc.
fell/fallen ex: You will fall behind in class if you don’t do your homework.
to forbid/farbade/ verb: to command not to do something
forbidden ex: Saudia Airlines forbids smoking on all flights.
Mohammed’s parents forbade him to see that movie.
to get behind in/ verb: to fail to keep up with
got/gotten ex: If you get behind in your studies you might fail the book quiz.
Steve got behind in his work because he was sick for two days.
to go ahead/ verb: to continue
went/gone ex: We still have time, so let’s go ahead and begin the next lesson.
The general went ahead with his plan to move his troops.
to hang on to/ verb: to keep
hung/hung ex: Hang on to your money. Don’t spend it all today!
Some students hang on to all their English books. They don’t throw them away.
to imply verb: to indicate indirectly
ex: The smile on his face implies that he is happy.
Khalid didn’t touch the food. This implied that he didn’t like it.
to overcome/ verb: to defeat; to be successful when things are difficult
overcame/overcome ex: The soldiers overcame the enemy and won the battle.
The blind man overcame his problem and became a doctor.
to pertain verb: to have reference to
ex: This vocabulary sheet pertains to the words in Book 26.
Go away! This conversation doesn’t pertain to you!
to put away/ verb: to put in the proper place
put/put ex: Please clean your room and put away your clothes.
If you don’t put the milk away it will spoil.
to refer verb: to allude to; to send to for aid
ex: Khalid referred to his family when he talked about his vacation.
If you don’t understand a word you should refer to a dictionary.
to steer verb: to guide
ex: The driver steered the car away from the big hole in the street.
to substitute verb: to replace
ex: “We don’t have Coke. May I substitute Pepsi, sir?”
Chief Ahmed substituted for Jim while he was on vacation.
to transfer verb: to convey or carry
ex: The general was transferred from KKMC to Riyadh.
Joe transferred his books from his old desk to his new one.
Abrupt adj: sudden
ex: There was an abrupt change in temperature. At 3:00 it was 30
degrees but by 3:15 it was only 22 degrees.
Ample adj: more than enough
ex: The classroom was big. There was ample room for more students.
He had ample money for his vacation.
Concerning prep: about
ex: The student had some questions concerning the grammar.
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What is your opinion concerning the situation in Palestine?
Ideal adj: perfect
ex: The climate in Saudi Arabia is ideal for camels.
Instantly adv: at once
ex: Hassen answered the question instantly.
Mental adj: of the mind
ex: Reading is a mental exercise. Playing football is a physical one.
The crazy man was sent to the mental hospital.
Practical adj: useful
ex: Reviewing vocabulary and grammar is a practical way to study.
Walking is not a practical way to get to Riyadh, but driving is.
Practically adv: almost
ex: Ali has practically no money. He only has three riyals.
Period 1 is practically over. There are only a few minutes left.
an allowance noun: a definite amount (especially money)
ex: Saleh gives his son an allowance of 20 riyals every week.
Soldiers are given an allowance to cover the cost of their uniforms.
a capacity noun: volume
ex: The capacity of my gas tank is 13 gallons.
The football stadium has a capacity of 30,000 people.
Income noun: money earned
ex: A doctor’s income is more than a bus driver’s.
When a person retires sometimes his income decreases.
an instant noun: a small amount of time
ex: I will help you in an instant. Just wait a minute.
a reference noun: a source of information
ex: A dictionary is the best reference for word definitions.
People applying for a job must give personal references.
“in place of” exp: as a substitute for
ex: Joe will teach in place of Scott next week.
“in regard to” exp: concerning; about
ex: The teacher spoke to the student in regard to his poor attendance.
to assume verb: to suppose; to perform or begin to use

ex: Khalid has been absent the last three days. I assume he is sick.
The general was transferred, so another officer assumed command.
to be up on verb: to be well informed about
ex: Ali is really up on computers. He knows everything about them.
to break in (on)/ verb: to interrupt
broke/broken ex: Bob broke in on our conversation to tell us the important news.
to chip in verb: to contribute
ex: The students chipped in to buy wonderful gifts for both Scott and Abdelmunim.
to come across verb: to find or discover
ex: Fatima came across some old photographs of her parents while she was cleaning
the room.
to come up with verb: to think of
ex: Salem and Arif came up with an idea to have a student party.
Ali thought for a long time but couldn’t come up with the answer.
to emphasize verb: to stress; to make important
ex: The teacher emphasized the new grammar by using a red marker.
The general emphasizes his messages by shouting.
to oppose verb: to be against
ex: The Palestinians oppose the building of the wall by the Israelis.
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to publish verb: to print for the public
ex: The Arab News is published in Riyadh each day.
The DLI publishes the books we use.
to put across/ verb: to make clear or understandable
put/put ex: Teachers try to put across new grammar to their students.
to resign verb: to leave a job
ex: Saleh resigned from his job after 20 years. Now he travels a lot.
to stress verb: to point out the importance
ex: The teacher stressed the new word by underlining it on the board.
Islam stresses that people should pray five times each day.
to subscribe verb: to order and pay for a newspaper, magazine, etc.
ex: Ali subscribes to the Saudi Gazette. It is delivered to him each day.
to think up/ verb: to invent or create
thought/thought ex: The boys thought up a reason to avoid going to school.
The general thought up a plan to surprise the enemy.
Objective adj: fair; able to look at the facts as they really are
ex: A jury must be objective to make a fair decision in court.
Strange adj: unusual
ex: Yusef had a strange dream about an animal with two heads.
Amusement noun: entertainment
ex: Watching funny movies is a kind of amusement.
an author noun: a person who writes books, papers, etc.
ex: Who is the author of your favorite book?
Taha Hussein is a famous Arab author.
a cartoon noun: a funny drawing
ex: Many newspapers have cartoons about politics.
a chapter noun: a division of a book
ex: A long book often has many chapters.
Joe stopped reading when he finished Chapter 40 of his book.
a column noun: the vertical alignment of items
ex: This vocabulary sheet has two columns—one for the words and
another for the definitions and examples.
Comics noun: a set of drawings that tell a story
ex: American newspapers have comics on Sunday mornings.
an editor noun: a supervisor of a newspaper
ex: The editor decides which stories to print in the newspaper.
an editorial noun: an article that gives the opinions of the editor
ex: Jassim read an editorial about Bush’s policy in Iraq.
an emphasis noun: a stress; a special force to show that something is very important.
ex: Islam puts a lot of emphasis on fasting during Ramadan.
This symbol (!) is used for emphasis at the end of a sentence.
a governor noun: a political head of state
ex: Arnold Schwarzenegger is the new governor of California.
Each of the 50 states has one governor.
a handicap noun: a disadvantage; a physical limitation
ex: If you can’t read it will be a big handicap in your life.
The blind man overcame his handicap and became a great singer.
a hardship noun: anything causing suffering
ex: Miriam’s parents died when she was young, but this hardship
didn’t stop her from going to college.
a legislature noun: a lawmaking group
ex: The legislature of Texas creates new laws every year.
a sort noun: a type or kind
ex: There are many sorts of fruits and vegetables at the market.
What sort of music do you like?
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a viewpoint noun: an opinion or attitude
ex: Steve’s viewpoint was that the war should end immediately.
At the United Nations, everyone can express their viewpoint.
“be charged with” exp: to be accused of
ex: Ali is charged with shooting his neighbor.
The police arrested John, but he isn’t charged with a crime yet.
to burst/ verb: to come apart

burst/burst ex: The balloon burst when Ali put too much air in it.
to camouflage verb: to disguise
ex: Soldiers wear special clothes to camouflage themselves from the enemy.
to check out on verb: to make one familiar with the operation of
ex: Adel must check the trainees out on the machines before they
can be allowed to use them.
to chop down verb: to cut down a tree
ex: Arif chopped down the tree growing next to his house.
to clear away verb: to remove
ex: The waitress cleared away the dishes from the table.
The men cleared the buildings away after the earthquake.
to conceal verb: to hide
ex: The criminals concealed the drugs in the back of their car.
to contrast verb: to show a difference
ex: The teachers contrasted the old and new ECL scores.
Are there any differences if you contrast Arabic and English?
to encounter verb: to meet
ex: Please ask for help if you encounter any problems on the test.
Bob encountered his old girlfriend at the birthday party.
to hoist verb: to raise up
ex: The bank robber hoisted the bag of money onto his shoulder..
Helicopters can hoist vehicles and transport them.
to hover verb: to stay in one place
ex: Helicopters can hover but airplanes cannot.
The teacher hovered above the student to prevent cheating.
to live on verb: to survive, endure
ex: The poor family lives on only $50 per week.
Musa’ad lives on a diet of kabsa, kabsa, and more kabsa.
to obstruct verb: to block; to get in the way of
ex: The protestors will obstruct traffic on the street tomorrow.
The flood in Hofer Al-Baten obstructed traffic for a few days.
to rotate verb: to spin or turn on an axis
ex: The Earth rotates once every 24 hours.The tires on your car rotate as you drive.
to set out/ verb: to begin a course of action; to arrange; to spread out
set/set ex: After graduation they will set out on a trip to Indonesia.
The teacher set out the books for everyone to see.
to spin/ verb: to turn around
spun/spun ex: The private spun around to salute the general.
Michael Jordan can spin a basketball on the tip of his finger.
to survive verb: to remain alive
ex: In the forest Abdullah survived by eating snakes and insects.
People can only survive a few days without water.
to suspend verb: to hang
ex: The HumVee was suspended by a rope from the helicopter.
The children suspended a rope from the tree so they could play.
to sustain verb: to keep strong; to maintain
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ex: His big breakfast sustains him until lunch.
Your average is 96. Can you sustain it for the entire course?
even if conj: though
ex: We will play the football game even if it is raining.
I won’t be your friend even if you pay me $1,000,000!
Proficient adj: capable
ex: Steve is proficient at playing tennis.
ECL test scores tell how proficient you are in English.
Rotary adj : turning on an axis
ex: A helicopter has rotary wings. Airplanes have fixed wings.
Shallow adj: not deep
ex: Small children can play only in shallow water.
Unless conj: except if
ex: Halima will fail her course unless she gets a 90 on her next test.
Vital adj: extremely important
ex: Water is vital if you are to survive in the desert.
Body temperature and pulse are two of a person’s vital signs
Armor noun: a protective metal covering
ex: Many years ago men wore suits of armor for battle.
Tanks, ships, and aircraft all use armor for protection.
a blast noun: an explosion
ex: The blast from the bomb was heard from far away.
a bomb noun: a shell that explodes
ex: Bombs are used as weapons during war.
a chopper noun: a helicopter
ex: Many officers want to become chopper pilots.
a contrast noun: a difference
ex: There are many contrasts between Saudi Arabia and China.
an obstacle noun: a hindrance; something which gets in the way
ex: Camels and sheep can be obstacles when driving at night.
The book quiz should be no obstacle if you study hard.
Reverse noun: the opposite direction
ex: If you want to go backwards, put your car in reverse.
Ayed is improving as a student, but Adel is doing the reverse.
a rotor noun: a rotating part of a machine
ex: Most choppers have two rotors, one on top and one in back.
a shield noun: a protective device
ex: Gladiators sometimes used a sword and shield to fight.
Vehicles have glass shields to protect the driver from wind, rocks, etc.
a tank noun: an armored military vehicle
ex: Tanks were first used by Great Britain in World War I.
Terrain noun: a land contour
ex: The terrain in Saudi is mostly flat, but in Switzerland it is mostly mountainous.
a view noun: a range of vision
ex: The view from the airplane was beautiful.
-proof suffix: protected from
ex: His watch was waterproof. Water could not damage it.
Firemen wear fireproof clothing for protection.
“no matter who/ exp: it makes no difference
what/where” ex: I must attend my sister’s wedding, no matter what it costs.
John will visit his friend, no matter where he lives.
to accompany verb: to go with

ex: Khalid accompanied his father when he went to the hospital.
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to be up to verb: to be good enough for; to be the responsibility of
ex: Ali doesn’t have any experience. Is he up to the job?
I don’t care if we go or not. It’s completely up to you.
to come along/ verb: to accompany
came/come ex: Can my little brother come along with us to the game?
to confirm verb: to make sure
ex: You should confirm your reservation two days before you fly.
The police confirmed that they had captured the criminal.
to export verb: to send items to another country
ex: Saudi Arabia exports oil to many countries.
to import verb: to bring items into a country
ex: Saudi Arabia doesn’t manufacture cars, so it must import them.
to lean verb: to press or rest against something; to bend
ex: Please don’t lean on that table. It isn’t very strong.
Dave hurt his back when he leaned over and lifted the big box.
to limit verb: to set bounds; to restrict
ex: If you want to lose weight you must limit your eating. The teacher limited the
lesson to vocabulary. The class didn’t study anything else that day.
to part with verb: to relinquish; to give up
ex: A stingy man doesn’t like to part with his money.
When George moved to Egypt he had to part with his friends.
to stand by/ verb: to stay ready; to support
stood/stood ex: The soldiers stood by in case the general called them to attack.
A good friend will always stand by you if you have a problem.
to trade verb: to exchange, buy, or sell goods or merchandise
ex: Majed wants to trade his car for Ali’s truck.
Countries often trade with each other to get goods they need.
to vibrate verb: to move back and forth rapidly
ex: The car started to vibrate because Adel was going too fast.
When the strings of a guitar vibrate music is made.
to wait on verb: to serve
ex: The waiter waits on several tables in the restaurant.
Commercial adj: of or related to commerce
ex: He is in Oman for commercial reasons. He is there on business.
Commercial aircraft are more comfortable than military planes.
Equivalent adj: equal; same as
ex: One dollar is equivalent to 3.75 riyals. Twelve inches is equivalent to one foot.
Historic adj : important in history
ex: The end of World War II was a historic moment.
Identical adj: the same
ex: Majed and his brother are identical twins. They look the same.
Idle adj: inactive
ex: The workers were idle because they had no work to do.
I was idle on Friday. I just stayed home and relaxed.
Rarely adv: not very often
ex: James rarely sees his family because they live very far away.
Scarcely adv: almost never; almost not
ex: Mohammed scarcely takes a taxi; he usually drives himself.
Dan broke his leg and now he can scarcely move it.
Commerce noun: buying and selling
ex: Saudi Arabia’s main commerce is in oil.
North Korea doesn’t have much commerce with other countries.
a community noun: a group of people living in a town
ex: The small community has only a gas station and one store.
Chinatown is a community of Chinese people in New York.
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a compartment noun: an enclosed space
ex: The night train has a sleeping compartment for passengers.
You can put maps and sunglasses in your glove compartment.
Currency noun: the money in use in a country
ex: The currency in Saudi Arabia is riyals. In Iraq it’s dinars.
an economy noun: a system of money supply; the management of money of a country
ex: If the economy is strong many people will have jobs.
The economy of Saudi Arabia depends on oil.
a landmark noun: an object used as a guide
ex: Pilots use rivers, mountains, and roads as landmarks.
The Eiffel Tower is a famous landmark in Paris.
a limit noun: a boundary
ex: A fence indicates the limits of KKMC.
Saeed is very intelligent. There is no limit to what he can do.
a path noun: a course to follow
ex: The boys followed a path from their house to the river.
Stress noun: pressure
ex: The roof collapsed because it was under too much stress.
He has a lot of stress at work because his job is difficult.
Tension noun: stress
ex: There’s a feeling of tension just before a battle begins.
If you put too much tension on that rope, it will break.
Trade noun: commerce; business
ex: He’s in the computer trade. He buys and sells computers.
There is a lot of trade between Japan and the US.
“at all” exp: in the least
ex: I’m completely broke! I have no money at all.
When he arrived in Kuwait he couldn’t speak Arabic at all.
“in exchange for” exp: in return for
ex: Can I have four quarters in exchange for this dollar, please?
Omar gave Ben 250 riyals in exchange for his watch.
Book 27 Vocabulary
to challenge verb: 1. to oppose, to question, to confront; 2. to test, to trial, to experiment

ex: 1. The athlete challenged the judges’ low scores because he had a perfect
performance. 2. John was foolish to challenge Sarah to a game of chess. Sarah is a
national champion.
1. to count on verb: depend on, rely on, trust
ex: I can always count on you to help me.
2. to disregard verb: to ignore, to pay no attention to, to forget
ex: Even though there were signs everywhere, he disregarded them and smoked
inside the restaurant.
3. to look down on verb: to disdain, to scorn, to think about someone with less respect, to think that you
are better or more important than someone else, or to think that something is
not good enough for you
ex: She looks down on anyone who doesn’t have a university education.
Her parents looked down on her boyfriend because he did not have a job.
4. to look up to verb: to admire and respect someone
ex: He always looked up to his older brother ever since he was a little child.
5. to reprimand verb: to warn, scold, chastise antonym: praise
ex: The commander reprimanded his soldiers for not carrying out his orders.
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6. to revolve verb: to rotate, turn, or spin around a central point
ex: The planets revolve around the sun.
7. to surrender verb: to give up, forfeit, submit, admit defeat
to surround ex: Rebel forces have surrendered after three years of fighting.
Once captured, the criminal had to surrender his weapon to the police
8. to talk back (to) PV: to respond or reply to someone rudely or inappropriately
ex: The soldier got in trouble for talking back to the officer.
9. to work…out verb: 1. to come to an agreement with someone, to work with someone to find a
way to do something/solve a problem; 2. to exercise; 3. To result in a good
conclusion, to finish positively
ex: 1. Karen’s boss said he would work something out with her so she wouldn’t
miss her son’s basketball game.
2. He usually works out in the gym every day after work.
3. If your new job doesn’t work out, you can always come back here and work.
10. axis noun: an imaginary line through the middle of an object, which it seems to rotate
around
ex: The earth revolves on its axis once every 24 hours.
11. degree noun: 1. a unit for measuring temperature; 2. a unit for measuring angles.
Measurements are often expressed as a number followed by the symbol °;
3. a university diploma
ex:1. Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.2. The two lines meet at a 90 degree angle.
3. Kate has a master’s degree in electrical engineering.
12. discrepancy noun: inconsistency, a difference between things that should be the same
ex: There was a discrepancy between his bank statement and what he had actually spent
at the store.
13. equator noun: an imaginary line that goes round the Earth and divides it into the northern and
southern hemispheres
ex: The ship will cross the equator tonight.
14. geography noun: 1. the study of the Earth’s physical features and the people, plants, and animals
that live in different regions of the world; 2. The physical features of an area
ex: 1. His favorite subject in school was geography because he loved maps.
2. Road construction is limited by the mountainous geography of the city.
15. latitude noun: 1. the distance of a point on the Earth from the equator, measured in degrees
north or south; 2. a place or region at a particular latitude; 3. freedom to use your
own methods and judgment in doing something
ex: 1. Melbourne, which stands in latitude 37° 50' S., has an average temperature of
57'3°.
2. The plant grows best in cooler latitudes.
3. He was allowed a lot of latitude in implementing the new policy.
16. longitude noun: the distance east or west of the Greenwich meridian, measured in degrees and
minutes
ex: The GPS figures listed were in the standard sequence of latitude and longitude.
17. mass noun: 1. a large quantity or number; 2. a lump or amount of a substance that does not
have a clear or definite shape
ex: 1. We need to turn this mass of information into a report by tomorrow.
2. After the explosion, all that remained of the car was a mass of twisted metal.
18. period noun: an amount of time during which something happens
ex: They reached these conclusions in a relatively short period of time.
19. pole noun: 1. one of the points on the very top or bottom of the Earth called the North
Pole and the South Pole; 2. a long thin stick often used for holding or supporting
something
ex: 1. The Arctic is the area round the North Pole.
2. The flag pole was placed on top of the tower for all to see.
20. zone noun: an area that has an important/specific feature (i.e., time, temperature, pedestrian,
war, smoke-free, free trade, etc.)
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ex: Tom advised Mary not to drive too fast in the school zone.
Climbing another 50 feet would bring her out of the danger zone.
21. at a time adv: 1. simultaneously; phrase: 2. used for saying how many people or things there
are in each group or on each occasion
ex: 1. He took two cookies at a time.
2. The company usually talks to four or five candidates at a time when it wants to hire a
new employee. Answer each question separately, one at a time.
22. countless adj: a lot, too many to be counted; innumerable
ex: He worked countless hours in order to finish the project.
23. imaginary adj: not real but only created in your mind, fantasy, made-up, make-believe, pretend,
imagined, fictional
ex: The Equator is an imaginary line.
Children sometimes create an imaginary friend to play with.
24. inferior adj: 1. not as good as someone or something else, lower quality, second-rate;
2. lower in status or rank than someone or something else, subordinate, minor,
secondary
ex: 1. He felt inferior to his older sibling.This design is inferior to the one the
German company proposed. 2. A corporal is inferior to a sergeant.
25. isolated adj: 1. Far from others or difficult to get to, remote, separated; 2. happening only
once, or existing only in one place; 3. feeling alone and unhappy, little social contact
ex: 1. The village is very isolated due to the mountains that surround it.
2. That is an isolated case of the disease. No one else in the area has it.
3. He prefers to live an isolated life, away from people.
26. on behalf of prep: to represent another person or organization, a proxy for someone
ex: On behalf of the leadership, I thank you for all of your hard work and support.
27. periodic adj: happening or appearing regularly, from time to time, a cycle
ex: Jim gets periodic dental check-ups to ensure his teeth are healthy.
28. silent adj: without sound, mute, quiet
ex: The audience became silent as soon as the performance started.
29. willing adj: having or showing strong interest, intense desire, or impatient expectancy
ex: The students are so eager to learn they stay up late doing their homework.
He is very eager to go on vacation.
30. won’t contraction of “will not”
ex: I won’t go to the party tonight because I have to do my homework.
31. wouldn’t contraction of “would not”
ex: It wouldn’t have been the same without you. He wouldn’t drink any alcohol.
to catch on verb: 1. to learn or understand; 2. To become popular

ex: 1. Rick was fired because he was never able to catch on to the job.
2. Although it wasn’t very popular ten years ago, soccer is starting to catch on in the
United States.
to get ahead verb: to advance or become more successful
ex: You must work hard if you want to get ahead.
to get by (with) verb: to do well enough to avoid failure
ex: Dan almost failed the class. He did just enough to get by with a 70.
to gripe verb: to complain
ex: Mike griped about having to wash the car.
to imitate verb: to copy in actions or manner
ex: Listen carefully and try to imitate this sound.
to make up verb: to create
ex: We made up a special song for our teacher.
to stand out verb: to be noticeable
ex: His humorous attitude made him stand out.
to trim verb: to cut off excess
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ex: He trimmed the tree that was growing over the fence.
basis noun: essential facts, reason, foundation, source
ex: The results of our research formed the basis for our new engine design.
enthusiasm noun: strong feeling of excitement and eagerness to be involved
ex: The new students are full of enthusiasm. They are eager to learn.
fund noun: money used for a special purpose
ex: A special fund was established enabling students to purchase books and supplies.
intention noun: a purpose, aim, or thing that a person plans to do
ex: My intention is to finish my courses within two years.
lecture noun: a talk to a group or an individual
ex: Mr. Cooper gave an interesting lecture on the history of flight.
Please don’t give me a lecture about the dangers of smoking.
leisure noun: time that is free and unoccupied
ex: Even though the trip is mainly for business, I hope to have a little time left over for
leisure activities.
style noun: design, type, pattern
ex: I want the same style of jacket as yours.
wealth noun: a large quantity of money or possessions
ex: When my rich grandmother died, her wealth was divided among seven family
members.
absolute adj: complete and without limit or restriction
ex: The actions of the president and the legislature are limited by law; neither has
absolute power.
all in all exp: after considering everything, on the whole, in general
ex: All in all, the students did well on the test.
considerable adj: large in size or amount
ex: We spent a considerable amount of money on our trip.
dependent adj: relying on or controlled by others
ex: Young children are quite dependent on their parents.
distinguished adj: known and respected for important achievements
ex: Dr. Green is a distinguished scientist who is known for his important work and
research of diseases.
each other pron: one another; shows that each member of a group does the same action in relation
to other members
The students in the class shook hands with each other after they all passed the test.
genuine adj: real, not artificial or fake
ex: Are those gloves made of genuine leather?
He is an excellent doctor who shows genuine concern for his patients.
in common exp: having shared features, experiences, or ideas
ex: Dave and Harry have a lot in common. They are both in the Army and enjoy playing
football.
in comparison exp: when compared with something or someone else
ex: In comparison with the previous test, this one seemed quite difficult.
in conclusion exp: as the last think, finally
ex: In conclusion, I would like to thank you for your attention.
in short exp: put it into a few words, briefly
ex: It’s a long story. In short, I was late because of (the) traffic.
independent adj: not relying on or controlled by others
ex: He made the decision independent of his parents. They were shocked when they
learned he had joined the Army.
negative adj: 1. having an excess of electrons in an atom; 2. bad, harmful, unwanted
ex: 1. In a closed circuit, electrons flow from the negative to the positive terminal.
2. She had a negative experience at that restaurant because her food was undercooked.
numerous adj: very many
ex: The stars are too numerous to count.
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one another pron: each other; shows that each member of a group does the same action in relation to
other members
ex: Did you hear what the drivers were saying to one another after the accident?
orderly adj: in order, well-organized
ex: The sergeant’s desk is always very orderly. He doesn’t like anything to be in the
wrong place.
positive adj: 1. Having a lack of electrons in an atom; 2. good, useful, hopeful
ex: 1. An atom becomes positive when it loses negative particles, or electrons.
2. You should try to be more positive about your homework.
to conclude verb: to finish, to end
ex: They concluded class with a video.
The program was concluded after they retired (took away, withdrew) the flag.
to blow…up verb: to explode or cause to explode, to detonate

ex: The house blew up when leaking gas was ignited by a spark.
The soldiers were ordered to blow the bridge up so that it could not be used by the
enemy.
to classify verb: to arrange in or assign to groups
ex: That document has been classified as top secret.
The Air Force classifies aircraft according to their use.
to corrode verb: to destroy something gradually through a chemical action
ex: Chemicals in polluted air can corrode stone structures.
to detonate verb: to explode or cause to explode
ex: Some bombs are designed to detonate above the target.
to deviate verb: to do something different from a usual route, plan or method
ex: My neighbor does the same things at the same time every day, he seldom
deviates from his routine.
to dispose of verb: to get rid of
ex: Please dispose of your trash in the trash cans before you leave the park.
to protrude verb: to extend out beyond an edge or surface; to stick out
ex: There is a nail protruding from the wall.
to retain verb: to keep
ex: Please retain this receipt; no refund will be given without it.
to set off verb: to cause, to begin
ex: The damage to the power plant set off an explosion.
to shatter verb: to break or burst into pieces
ex: The mirror shattered when it hit the floor.
The large rocks were shattered by powerful explosives.
to stick out verb: to extend out beyond an edge or surface; to protrude
ex: The antenna on my car hits low tree branches because it sticks out too high.
to turn over verb: 1. to turn upside down or from one side to the reverse; 2. to transfer control,
property, responsibility, etc.
ex: 1. Be careful when you turn over a large rock; there may be a poisonous
insect underneath.
2. When you leave this job, turn over your keys to the building manager.
to wind/wound/ verb: 1. to end or finish something, gradually (i.e., an activity, work, etc.);
wound down 2. to relax after a period of excitement or worry
ex: 1. The party wound down around 2:00 a.m.
The factory will wind down production before closing next year.
2. It usually takes me about an hour to wind down after coming home from work.
to wind up verb: 1. to arrive at an unplanned or unexpected place, situation, or condition;
2. to finish
ex: 1. Lee started out as a car salesman and wound up as president of the company.
2. The construction crew worked hard to wind up the project ahead of schedule.
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(a) bit noun: a small piece or quantity
ex: Let me give you a bit of friendly advice.
Bits of glass from the broken window lay on the sidewalk.
composition noun: a combination of parts or materials
ex: The chemical composition of salt is NaCL, i.e., sodium chloride.
The composition of the accident investigation panel is two officers, three
senior NCOs, and two civilian experts.
compound noun: something formed by combining two or more parts that lose their original
characteristics
ex: C4 explosive is a stable compound made of four chemicals.
contact noun: the point at which two things touch, meet or connect
ex: Avoid contact with poisonous plants when you walk in the forest.
corrosion noun: the act, process, or effect of destruction caused by chemical action
ex: Corrosion from salty sea air affects vehicles in coastal areas.
diagram noun: a drawing showing the parts of something or how it works
ex: The repair book for a car contains detailed diagrams of its engine and systems.
dynamite noun: a type of explosive in the shape of a tube composed of a liquid plus absorbent
material
ex: The construction crew used dynamite to blast a route through the mountains for the
new highway.
explosive noun: a substance that explodes or causes an explosion
ex: Bombs, rockets, and missiles are various kinds of explosives.
fuse noun: a cord made of fabric coated with a combustible substance used to ignite an
explosive
ex: The soldier lit the fuse to the dynamite and then ran for cover.
fuze noun: a mechanical or electrical device on a bomb, torpedo, etc. that causes it to explode
ex: The fuze on a bomb activates the chemicals or materials that cause an explosion.
impact noun: 1. the force of one thing striking against another; 2. a powerful effect or influence
ex: 1. The impact of the collision killed the driver of the car.
2. The greenhouse effect has an impact on the earth’s climate.
interval noun: a period of time in between two events or actions
ex: After a brief interval of clear weather, the rain began again.
kit noun: a set of tools or items used for a specific purpose
ex: If you need to borrow a screwdriver, you can find one in my tool kit.
mechanism noun: a set of moving parts that performs a function.
ex: There is a special locking mechanism on the door to the room with the computer
equipment.
to be m: indicates future time or necessity/obligation
be to ex: The ceremony is to be held at the parade field.
All personnel are to attend the safety briefing.
composite adj: made up of a combination of parts or materials
ex: Concrete is a composite material made up of water, rocks, and cement.
in accordance with prep: in agreement with a rule or request
ex: The armed forces must operate in accordance with Department of Defense
regulations.
in the event of conj: if something happens
ex: Please give me a telephone number where you can be reached in the event of an
emergency.
instantaneous adj: completed in an instant; immediate
ex: Computers allow people to have instantaneous access to current news.
mechanical adj: having to do with machines
ex: The plane had to make an emergency landing due to mechanical failure.
tremendous adj: very large or great
ex: This area received a tremendous amount of rain.
whatever pron: anything that
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ex: You may eat whatever you like.
wherever pron: in, at, or to any place
ex: Let’s take a vacation; we’ll go wherever you choose.
whichever pron: any, either; referring to a choice
ex: He read whichever book was assigned.
whoever pron: any person that
ex: Whoever said this job would be easy hadn’t done it before.
whomever pron: the objective form of whoever
ex: I plan to invite whomever I please to my party.
to cut off verb: to stop suddenly; discontinue

ex: The electric company cut off power to our neighborhood for an hour in order to fix a
broken cable.
The legislature voted to cut off extra funds for the new transportation system.
to extinguish verb: to stop something from burning
ex: The fire had been burning for an hour before the firefighters extinguished it.
to repel verb: to make something move away or apart
ex: Her uniform is made of a special material which repels moisture.
to stick to verb: 1. To adhere; 2. To follow
ex: 1. John removed a piece of paper that was stuck to the bottom of his shoe.
2. It is important for military personnel to stick to regulations.
to surge verb: a sudden increase
ex: Because the price of oil has surged in recent months, gas has become more
expensive.
noun: a sudden increase
ex: He felt a surge of pain when tried to walk.
acid noun: a liquid chemical that can burn or cause corrosion; a pH less than 7 is said to
be acidic
ex: Some fruits, like lemons and oranges, contain a natural acid that makes them taste
sour.
Car batteries produce dangerous acid that can corrode metal.
background noun: past events, personal experiences, or information that influences a present
situation
ex: I’d like to have some background information on Colombia since I’ll be traveling
there in March. Because of his extensive background as governor, many people
think he’s ready to be president.
bar noun: a long, rigid object made of wood, metal, or other material that has flat sides
ex: There were iron bars on the windows to keep the criminal from escaping.
The child’s favorite candy is a chocolate bar.
beam noun: a line of light emitted from a source
ex: As the sun came up, we not noticed a beam of light coming from the window.
century noun: an amount of time equal to 100 years
ex: A century equals 100 years.
In 1876, the United States had been in existence for one century.
coil noun: a structure that is made by winding a flexible material into a series of circles
ex: You’ll need to pack a coil of rope if you intend to climb the mountain.
electrode noun: either of the two points at which an electric current enters and leaves a circuit
ex: An electrode is a conductor through which electric current is passed.
To test the electrical activity of a patient’s heart, electrodes hooked to a
special machine are attached to parts of the skin.
electron noun: a particle within an atom that has a negative electric charge
ex: Electricity is the flow of electrons from one atom to another.
The path that electrons follow is called a circuit.
electronics noun: devices that use multiple and complex electrical circuits
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ex: Advances in science and technology have led to the development of modern
electronics such as computers and flat screen TVs.
flashlight noun: a small handheld light, often powered by batteries
ex: If the power goes out during a storm, you’ll need a flashlight to see in the dark.
magnet noun: an object (usually made of iron or steel) that attracts other metals
ex: One type of compass uses a magnet to point north.
pole noun: 1. the most northern and southern areas on the surface of the earth; 2. either
one of the two ends of a magnet; 3. a long, slender, rounded piece of wood or metal
ex: 1. The South Pole is located on the continent of Antarctica.
2. The north pole of a magnet will always attract the south pole of another magnet.
3. He caught a fish in the river with his fishing pole.
rod noun: a long, rigid object made of wood, metal, or other material that has a rounded
shape
ex: We need a five-foot rod to hang the shower curtain.
static noun: an accumulation of electric charge on the surface of an object
ex: Enough static had built up on me as I walked along the carpet that when I
went to shake his hand, we felt a tiny shock.
volt noun: a unit of electrical force
ex: We need a 9-volt battery for the radio.
Most electrical appliances in the U.S. operate on 110 volts of electricity.
voltage noun: a system of measurement designed to calculate an amount of electrical force
ex: If you see a sign that says, “high voltage,” be very careful; a shock from the
device might injure you.
in case conj: if something happens
ex: I’ll bring an umbrella in case it rains.
in case of prep: if it happens that
ex: In case of an emergency, call the police.
In the event (that) conj: if it should happen that
ex: In the event that you need to cancel your reservation, please call the
restaurant as soon as possible.
magnetic adj:capable of attracting or being attracted by an object, usually made of iron or steel
ex: A crane, often equipped with a powerful magnetic device, is a large machine
used to pick up and move heavy pieces of metal, like cars.
negative adj: 1. having an excess of electrons in an atom; 2. bad, harmful, unwanted
ex: 1. In a closed circuit, electrons flow from the negative to the positive terminal.
2. She had a negative experience at that restaurant because her food was too salty.
positive adj: 1. Having a lack of electrons in an atom; 2. good, useful, hopeful
ex: 1. An atom becomes positive when it loses negative particles, or electrons.
2. You should try to be more positive about your homework.
provided/providing conj: on condition that
(that) ex: You’ll graduate next month providing that you pass your final exam.
Provided it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we’ll go to the beach.
Book 28 Vocabulary
to claim verb: 1. to state; 2. to take or ask for as owner

ex: 1. William claims that he saw the man who robbed the store.
2. Charles claimed the watch found in the gym. He said he must have dropped it
when he opened his locker.
to come/came/ verb: to visit
come by ex: If you come by today, we can watch the game on TV.
I’m so glad you came by today; it’s been a long time since we’ve had a chance to
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talk. Tony has come by every afternoon for a week.
to come/came/ verb: to catch an illness
come down with ex: Her mother said, Drink lots of orange juice so you won’t come down with acold.
After going to the zoo with the children, she came down with the chicken pox. Francis
has come down with a virus; he’s staying home this week so nobody else will catch it.
to come/came/ verb: to amount to
come to ex: The cost of the trip comes to $680.00 for each person.
Marsha said that the time they spent cleaning the beach came to about nine hours a
day. If his weight had come to more than 150 pounds, he couldn’t have fought in
the match.
to compete verb: to be in rivalry, to have a content or competition with someone/something
ex: George and Max competed for the same job.
The two teams are competing for the championship.
to criticize verb: to judge good and bad points
ex: You ought to walk a mile in his shoes before you criticize him.
Tom doesn't like it when Mary criticizes him in public.
The sergeant criticized the private about the length of his hair.
to express verb: to say; show
ex: Her face expressed her disappointment.
Liz expresses her ideas very well; her vocabulary is excellent.
Harold expressed his opinion about the schedule to Marilyn. He said it was unfair.
to go/went/ verb: 1. to visit; 2. to pass; 3. to follow
gone by ex: 1. Ann is going by Rita’s house this afternoon.
2. Three months went by before we heard from our friends who moved to Europe.
2. They seem to be lost; they’ve gone by the same street corner three times.
3. You would have found Alexander’s farm if you had gone by the directions
Cindy gave you.
to hang/hung/ verb: to wait or stay near without purpose or activity, to loiter
hung around ex: I don’t like to go shopping on Saturday because so many teenagers are hanging
around the mall. Alvin hung around all afternoon hoping you would call.
to mention verb: to talk of
ex: The party is a surprise for Randy so don’t mention it while he’s in the room.
The last time I saw Natalie, she happened to mention that you’re taking an art class
together.
to reserve verb: to keep for a specific purpose
ex: Don’t use the water in that container. It’s reserved for drinking.
Gary and Linda are reserving a room for the meeting.
to see/saw/ verb: 1. to look into; 2. to make arrangements for
seen about ex: 1. Let’s see about taking a sculpture class at the art school.
1/2. While at the florist shop, we saw about having a plant delivered to the hospital.
2. Todd has seen about having the daily newspaper delivered to the house.
to stay over verb: to remain for an additional period of time
ex: We have to call home if we stay over.
Irene stayed over in Los Angeles a couple of days to visit the zoo and the museum.
to verify verb: to make sure something is true or accurate
ex: They have to verify the signature on the check to be sure it isn’t a forgery.
Stanley verified the charges on his phone bill to make certain they were correct.
aisle noun: a path between or along rows of seats or shelves
ex: We’re lucky to get such good tickets for the theater tonight. Our seats are on the
fifth row near the center aisle.
Joe walked up and down the aisles in the store looking for the items on his list.
art noun: the creation or expression of beauty, truth, or ideas
ex: I don’t appreciate modern art. I prefer classical paintings and sculpture.
Some people believe that music is the truest form of art.
conference noun: a meeting for discussion purposes
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ex: A conference on downtown traffic problems will be held at 8:00 next Tuesday at
the city hall.
Dr. Ryan has been asked to speak at a conference concerning community health
problems.
contest noun: a competition
ex: Stella won first place in the writing contest.
Terry and Jack ran a race; it was a contest of speed.
criticism noun: a judgment about good and bad qualities
ex: Edward can’t take criticism because he doesn’t like to hear about his faults.
Mr. Taylor wrote a letter of criticism to the editor of the local newspaper.
denomination noun: a standard, especially of value
ex: To mail your package, use stamps of any denomination that come to a total of
$2.50.
I’d like change for a $100 bill in denominations of tens and twenties.
dent noun: a physical hollow mark or impression
ex: Todd found a big dent on the side of his car when he came out of the movie.
Don’t buy food in cans that have dents; the contents might be spoiled.
extent noun: the degree or limits of something
ex: To what extent does Kathy plan to participate in the project? Will she be able to
contribute both time and money?
I agree with your idea to a certain extent, but not entirely.
junk noun: useless articles, possible old or poor quality
ex: Let’s have a garage sale to get rid of this junk. Someone might find use for our old
toys, furniture, and clothes.
Jill and Joey went to a carnival. The prizes they won were junk – mostly cheap
plastic toys.
luxury noun: things which are enjoyable but not necessary and often provided by wealth
ex: Harold lives in luxury in a mansion on the hill.
Diamond rings and limousines are luxuries I can’t afford.
pleasure noun: a source of enjoyment
ex: Our visit was very enjoyable; it was a pleasure to see everyone again.
It’s a pleasure to relax and listen to music.
satellite noun: a body or object that revolves around another
ex: The moon is a satellite of the earth.
Men have taken pictures of Earth from satellites in orbit.
compact adj: closely packed; taking little space
ex: Barbara planted many flowers and vegetables in a very small space. Her garden is
compact.
The Harris family has a compact car; it’s crowded when they all ride together, but
it’s economical to operate.
comparable adj: able to be compared; similar
ex: Martin went shopping for computers. He found four different brands with
comparable features but very different prices.
Six people with comparable experience applied for the job.
double adj: dual; in two parts or twice the amount
ex: Exit through the double doors to your right.
The whole crew had double duty during the crisis.
first-class adj: best in quality and/or price, exceptional
ex: Burt always buys first-class tickets when he flies.
Walter sent a package to his parents by first-class mail.
limited adj: restricted; confined
ex: We have limited oil resources, so it’s important to reduce our consumption
whenever possible.
My sister Katie is on a limited budget, so she shops for bargains.
occupied adj: being used; busy
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ex: He couldn’t find a seat on the bus; they were all occupied.
I need to discuss something with Lewis but he’s occupied with another matter at the
moment.
starving adj: extremely hungry
ex: Let’s go to Aunt Abbie’s Café for lunch; I’m starving.
I have plenty of food ready because the children are always starving after they’ve
been swimming.
have…in mind exp: be thinking of
ex: Henry wants a new sports car. A red convertible is what he has in mind.
The manager mentioned that he needed to hire an assistant. I wonder if he already has
someone in mind for the job.
just in time exp: at the last possible time or moment
ex: Beverly arrived at the train station just in time to wave goodbye to Kate.
Nancy dropped her earring on the floor. It nearly got swept up with the dirt, but
Rex picked it up just in time.
-ist suffix: one who does, produces, or believes in a specified thing
ex: We need to hire someone to play in our band. Do you know a professional guitarist?
What is his religion? I think he is Buddhist.
Naturalists support the study and preservation of nature.
to alternate verb: to do by turns

ex: Let’s take turns driving. We’ll alternate every 100 miles; I’ll drive
while you sleep, then you drive while I sleep.
The man alternated his pace between walking and running.
to desire verb: to wish or want
ex: Tell me what you want for dinner on your birthday. I’ll cook whatever you
desire. Martha has the means to do whatever she desires.
to dip verb: to lower than raise
He dips his pen into the ink bottle as he writes.
Marie dipped the cookie in chocolate, covering half of it.
to dismount verb: to get or take down from
ex: Every morning Paul rides his horse in the park for about an hour.
After that he dismounts and rests for a while.
Henry dismounted the curtain rods before painting the walls.
to fix…up verb: to repair or improve the condition of
ex: My car needs some repairs. Can you fix it up for me?
The Franklins fixed up their old house so it looks like new.
to leave/left/ verb: to omit, exclude, skip
left…out ex: Be sure to include my name on the list. Don’t leave it out.
Check over the report to see if any important facts have been left out.
to line…up verb: to get in line; to align
ex: All crew members lined up for inspection.
The plumber is lining up the pipes so they’ll fit together.
to mount verb: to get up on, or put onto
ex: The riders are nervous as they mount their motorcycles to start the race.
The carpenter mounted the shelves securely on the wall.
to pile verb: to put items on top of each other, to stack/load
ex: The workers are piling the wood in the truck.
Nancy piled the newspapers on the floor.
to pull…apart verb: to separate with a force that causes movement in the direction of the force, tear
apart
ex: Pull the pages apart if they are stuck together.
The two boys were fighting. Their father pulled them apart.
to roll verb: to move by turning over and over; to move on wheels or rollers
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ex: The pipe is too big and heavy to lift. You can roll it on the ground to move it to
another place. Margaret fell asleep on her stomach. She rolled over on her back to
sleep more comfortably. Brian is in the hospital and lying on a bed with wheels. The
nurse rolled him to another room before his surgery.
to slide/slid/slide verb: to move smoothly on a surface
ex: Jerry is wearing new shoes and the polished floor is slippery. He
slips and slides across the room as he walks.
The cashier waited patiently while the customer counted his
money. He slid the coins across the counter one at a time.
to stack verb: to arrange into a neat pile
ex: David is stacking the folders and papers on my desk.
She washed, ironed, folded, and stacked the clothes.
to trace verb: to follow
ex: She puts a thin piece of paper on top of the pictures and traces the lines with a
pencil. A detective traced you to the crime scene by following your activities.
My teacher has traced the nation’s history from the beginning to the present.
bubble noun: a thin film of liquid or solid material containing air or gas in the shape of a
round ball
ex: The kids are blowing bubbles with their chewing gum.
Charles put too much soap in the sink. When he turned on the water, the bubbles
spilled onto the floor.
coat noun: a covering, or layer over a surface
ex: The fence needs another coat of paint.
Two coats of wax on the car will protect it from the weather.
desire noun: a wish or want
ex: Daniel has the talent to become an opera singer but he has no desire to do so.
Clara has serious desires for a career in the legal profession.
groove noun: a long, narrow path, track, or depression in a surface
ex: The carpenter put a groove in the wood with a sharp tool.
The road had grooves caused by wagon wheels traveling over it day after day.
hinge noun: a movable part that joins two objects
ex: You can’t open the trunk easily because the hinges are rusted.
The lid is attached to the box with two metal hinges.
light bulb noun: an electric device that emits light
ex: My flashlight doesn’t work. I think it needs a new battery and light bulb.
The headlights on your car are too dim. Why don’t you change the light bulbs?
mark noun: a visible impression, dent, scratch, or stain
ex: The carpenter missed the nail with the hammer and made a mark on the wall.
He pulled the chairs across the room and left marks on the floor.
pile noun: things laid on top of each other
ex: The neighbors are burning a pile of trash in their backyard.
Robert has two piles of dirty clothes next to the washer and dryer.
stack noun: an orderly pile
ex: The pancakes were in a stack on his plate.
The magazines were in tall stacks on the floor.
teamwork noun: cooperative effort for a common cause
ex: We completed the job on time because of teamwork. Each person did their part.
Teamwork is important to accomplish our goals.
appropriate adj: suitable, fit, or proper
ex: Ellen was dressed in very casual clothes. They weren’t appropriate for the formal
event. They laughed too loudly at the speaker’s remarks. Their behavior was not
appropriate.
coated adj: having a coat, covering, or layer of something
ex: Chocolate coated ice-cream is my favorite!
My earrings are coated with a 24 karat gold.
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portable adj: able to be carried or moved
ex: Fred bought a portable television. It’s small and easy to carry.
I’ll bring my computer to the meeting. It’s a portable model so it’s no trouble.
get one’s hands on exp: to acquire, get, obtain
ex: We don’t have that computer game in stock, but I’ll try to get my hands on one
for you.
Bob finally got his hands on that special stamp he needed for his collection.
in the first place, etc. exp: first (second, third…)
ex: I’m not planning to go anywhere this weekend. In the first place, I
first, second, third, etc. need to do some work at home, and in the second place, I’m a little short of money.
I’m not going to accept the job offer. In the first place, the salary
is too low, and besides, I don’t want to move to another city.
mal- prefix: wrong or bad
ex: Nowadays, computer users have to be careful of viruses and malware.
Some children don’t have enough to eat. They become malnourished.
mis- Prefix: wrong or bad
ex: Bill missed four questions on the test. He made a mistake because
he misunderstood the directions.
What bad luck! Mary Ann had the misfortune of having her purse stolen at the mall.
-ize suffix: to make or cause to be
ex: I’m going to a party Saturday night. After working hard all week, I need to relax
and socialize with friends.
The travel agent has finalized our vacation plans, and we’ll be leaving in two weeks.
to ascend verb: to go up; to move upward

ex: We watched the plane as it ascended into the clouds.
The climbers slowly ascended the mountain.
to calibrate verb: to mark, standardize, or adjust a measuring device
ex: The scale was calibrated to kilograms instead of pounds.
Technical experts calibrate scales on a regular basis.
to descend verb: to come or go down; to move from a higher to a lower place
The submarine descended to a depth of 400 feet.
The old man descended the stairs slowly.
The children carefully descended from the roof of the house.
to die down verb: to stop gradually or to become less strong
ex: The fire that destroyed the building gradually died down and went out.
The wind died down to a gentle breeze.
to fight/fought/ verb: to defend against; to fight to keep away, push back or avoid
fought off ex: The men fought off the enemy until more soldiers arrived to help.
I’ve been fighting off a cold for the last several days now.
to give/gave/given in (to) verb: to surrender; to stop opposing
ex: The company gave in to the workers’ demand for higher pay.
Bob and I couldn’t agree on which movie to see. Finally, I gave in
and we saw the movie that he liked.
to issue verb: to give out; to distribute publicly or officially
ex: Special desert boots were issued to all soldiers.
The policeman issued him a ticket for speeding near a school.
to minimize verb: to reduce to a minimum; to place a low estimate on; to make
something appear to be of little importance
ex: You can minimize your chance of failure at your job by asking questions
and working hard.
When he reported the problem to Col Drake, Bob minimized it so the colonel
wouldn’t worry. You can minimize the effects of the sun on your skin by
wearing a long-sleeved shirt and a hat.
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to store verb: to keep for future use
ex: We stored everything we were not using in the basement.
Ammunition never be stored near fuel or other highly flammable materials.
to take/took/taken on verb: to agree to do; to hire
ex: Larry took on the job of planning the trip. The company had to take
on new people when several of their employees retired.
to unite verb: to join together into one; to join together for a purpose
ex: The two countries united to form one country.
Many organizations have united in their effort to eliminate hunger in the world.
ascent noun: the act of moving upward
ex: The plane’s ascent was gradual.
Bob’s ascent to a high position in the company was rapid.
code noun: a system of symbols used to transmit secret messages
ex: The secret code was composed of letters and numbers.
They couldn’t understand the message because they didn’t know the code.
descent noun: the act of going or coming down
ex: His descent down the stairs was slow.
We watched the planes’ descent as it began to land.
diesel noun: an internal combustion engine in which air is compressed to a
temperature high enough to ignite fuel injected into the cylinder; diesel fuel
ex: The engines in most large trucks are diesels.
Diesels are often used to run the machinery in small plants.
This truck runs on diesel, not gasoline.
input noun: that which is put in; power, energy, or information that is supplied
ex: We need more input from the committee working on that problem
before we can make a decision.
The input into the computer must be accurate in order for us to
receive correct answers to our questions.
offense noun: the act of attacking
ex: The army’s strong offense repelled the enemy.
Because of the team’s effective offense, they were able to score
five points in the second half of the game.
output noun: quantity produced; power or energy produced or delivered
ex: The output of this factory is about 100,000 cars a year.
Electrical output of a generator run by wind depends on the speed of the wind.
petroleum noun: an oily, flammable liquid found underground: the source of
gasoline, oil, other lubricants, etc.
ex:Petroleum can be refined to produce fuels for cars, trucks, trains, and planes.
It took millions of years to form the petroleum found in the earth.
prison noun: a place of confinement; a building where criminals are kept
ex: The man had to stay in prison for twenty years for the crime he committed.
His family was able to visit him in prison once a month.
The prison, surrounded by a 40-foot high wall, holds 500 prisoners.
prisoner noun: a person confined in prison; a person captured or held captive
ex: The prisoners spent two hours outside each day.
Sometimes soldiers are captured and held as prisoners during war.
resistance noun: the act of resisting; the capacity to resist; opposition
ex: Some older people have a great deal of resistance to change.
Bob got the flu because he was weak and his body’s resistance to
illness was low.
Sgt Blake met a great deal of resistance when he made the soldiers
get up at 5 a.m. for physical training.
storage noun: the act of storing or keeping things for future use; a place for storing
ex: The Wilsons kept most of their furniture in storage while they were living
overseas. Small sailboats have very little space for storage.
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theory noun: an explanation which may or may not be true, but which is formed
on certain facts
ex: I have my own theory on how the accident happened.
There are several theories on how the earth was formed.
tower noun: things laid on top of each other
ex: The neighbors are burning a pile of trash in their backyard.
Robert has two piles of dirty clothes next to the washer and dryer.
trench noun: a long, narrow hole cut in the ground
ex: The soldiers dug a trench from which to defend their position.
The trench was deep enough for the men to be able to walk in
without being seen.
in the course of phrase: during
ex: The telephone range ten times in the course of an hour.
In the course of only one evening, we’ve seen three movies!
in the face of phrase: up against; in the presence of; despite the opposition of; in spite of
ex: A soldier must be dependable in the face of danger.
He remained strong in the face of difficulties.
relating to phrase: concerning
ex: Several students had questions relating to yesterday’s lesson.
She likes to read books relating to the history of our country.
remote adj: far away; far off in place or time
ex: My brother lived on a remote island in the Pacific Ocean for a year while he
was in the Navy. Eventually, I plan to own my own company, but it will be
sometime in the remote future.
systematic adj: based on a method; organized
ex: We made a systematic search of the house looking for the missing money.
Scientists are very systematic in the way they search for information.
vague adj: not clearly expressed; indefinite; not having an exact meaning
ex: The commander’s orders were so vague that the soldiers were not sure what
to do. The information he gave the police about the accident was vague.
He was not sure when or how it happened.
to actuate verb: to put into action

ex: Very high frequencies are needed to actuate television reception.
The sonar equipment was actuated by high frequency sounds
bounced off the approaching submarine.
to amplify verb: to increase strength
ex: The echoes were amplified by the water.
The modulated carrier pulse was amplified and used to radiate a carrier wave.
to deflect verb: to bend or turn aside
He used his hand to deflect the beam of light from the flashlight.
The policeman’s shield deflected the blows from the attacker.
to distort verb: to pull or twist out of shape
ex: Her anger distorted her face, making her look old and ugly.
The figures on the screen were distorted and unrecognizable.
to encircle verb: to surround
ex: The children encircled the campfire and told ghost stories.
The army encircled the airport.
to enclose verb: 1. to close in all around; 2. to include
ex: 1. The garden was enclosed by a high wall.
2. My father enclosed some extra money in his last letter.
to focus verb:1. to make an image clear by adjusting;
2. to center one’s mind on a subject
ex: 1. He focused his camera carefully before taking the picture.
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2. I must try hard to focus my mind on my studies tonight or I’ll fail
the quiz tomorrow.
to plot verb: to chart or plan a course
ex: They plotted their trip on the map from beginning to end.
They plotted the path of the moving aircraft.
to radiate verb: 1. to emit or send out; 2. to move out in lines from the center
ex: 1. Her smile radiated her happiness.
2. The sun radiates light and heat.
to scatter verb: to spread out
ex: The loud noise scattered the birds.
The children left their toys scattered around the floor.
to terminate verb: to end
ex: They terminated the project because of a lack of funds.
The contract was terminated at the end of the year.
amplifier noun: electric device that increases strength of signal or sound
ex: Water acts as an amplifier for sound.
This stereo system uses two amplifiers and two speaker systems.
beacon noun: guiding or warning signal (light or radio)
ex: A beacon is a radio transmitter which sends guiding signals for aircraft.
The lighthouse was a beacon for ships in distress.
bearing noun: relative direction or position
ex: Sonar equipment is used to get the underwater bearing of submarines.
The lost ship’s navigator couldn’t get their bearings during the storm.
blip noun: spot of light on a radar screen
ex: An object is represented on a radar screen as a blip.
The air traffic controller watched the blips on the screen as the two aircraft
approached the airport.
cable noun: thick wire or rope
ex: A special cable is used to extend TV reception.
A cable was strung between the ships to transfer the cargo.
cliff noun: a high, steep surface of rock
ex: Sound waves that bounce back from cliffs are called echoes.
It was a straight drop from the cliff to the sea below.
cycle noun: regularly repeating occurrence
ex: Routine maintenance is done on these vehicles every three months.
They’re on a three-month maintenance cycle.
The life cycle includes birth, growth, and death.
echo noun: a reflected sound wave
ex: He stood on the high hill and shouted, waiting for the return of his echo.
verb: to make or cause a sound wave to reflect
ex: The room echoed with the shouts of the angry man.
frequency noun: number of occurrences per time period
ex: The frequency of accidents at that corner brought about the installation of a
signal light. On what frequency does that radio broadcast?
grid noun: a system of squares on a map
ex: Watching the blips on the radar scope, the air controller was able to
plot the plane’s course on the grid.
Echo-navigators use the grids of charts and maps to plot their course.
horizon noun: the point/line where the earth and sky meet
ex: The ship came into view on the horizon.
The planes faded from sight as they flew over the horizon.
image noun: a copy or likeness of person or thing
ex: That boy is the exact image of his father.
The image on the screen wasn’t clear.
radiation noun: movement of light, heat, waves, etc.
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ex: This apparatus produces harmful radiation.
The sun’s radiation warms the earth.
scope noun: the screen of a radar; range or extent
ex: The air controller watched the blips on the radar scope closely.
The plane was soon out of the scope of his radio.
technician noun: person skilled in a technical process or field
ex: Air traffic control officers are radar technicians or persons skilled
in the process of reading radar screens.
The strength of the concrete was tested by the technician.
blurry adj: not clear
ex: The TV reception was poor and the figures on the screen were blurry.
When Sam broke his glasses, everything looked blurry to him.
minute adj: very small
ex: The most minute sound seems to disturb his sleep.
She pays attention to even the minute details.
moderate adj: average, medium, adequate
ex: He usually drives at a moderate speed.
Their cars are sold at a moderate price.
obsolete adj: out-of-date
ex: This old machinery is obsolete and needs to be replaced.
The obsolete vocabulary word got deleted from the dictionary.
variable exp: changeable
ex: The weatherman forecast variable winds for today.
The weather of that country is very variable.
visual exp: relating to seeing, graphic, pictorial
ex: Radar focuses on the visual bearing of aircraft.
Students learning a foreign language benefit from visual aids in the classroom.
–like suffix: like or characteristic of the noun appearing before “like”
ex: Her manners were very ladylike. His behavior is childlike.
Book 29 Vocabulary
to call in verb: to summon for a particular purpose

ex: The doctor called in another doctor to ask his opinion of the patient’s condition.
The Officer’s Club is calling in extra waiters to help out with the large crowd on the
weekend.
come/came/ verb: to appear
come out ex: When do the blossoms come out on that tree?
“Space” magazine comes out once a month.
to glow verb: to shine
ex: Does this clock glow in the dark?
The children’s faces glowed with excitement.
to pass away verb: to die
ex: All of the original settlers have passed away now.
After his father passed away, Sam managed the family business.
to reject verb: to not accept; refuse
ex: The goods were rejected because they were damaged.
Sam rejected every offer until someone offered him what he thought the house was
worth.
take/took/ verb: to understand
taken in ex: John said he just could take in all the new information the professor was giving
the class. The children listened to the grown-ups’ conversation, but they didn’t take
in everything they heard.
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to wreck verb: to destroy
ex: They used a huge metal ball to wreck the building when they converted the
property to a parking lot. The house was wrecked in a tornado.
adult noun: a fully grown person, especially of legal age
ex: The price of a child’s ticket is usually less than the price of a ticket for an adult.
He lied about his age to get into the show for adults only.
bundle noun: articles fastened together; a package
ex: Who does this bundle of dirty clothes belong to?
Tying the wood into a bundle will make it easier to carry.
catalog noun: a list arranged along a specific line
ex: I can get you a book catalog if you need one.
Look in the catalog and see if they carry wool gloves.
flaw noun: 1. a fault; 2. weakness
ex: 1. The thief obviously has a character flaw.
2. There’s a serious flaw in Bob’s argument; he’ll never convince anyone.
goods noun: merchandise
ex: Sam sells all kinds of goods in his discount store.
This store carries only high quality goods.
inventory noun: a list of goods, property
ex: She used the inventory of household furniture to calculate the loss caused by the
fire. This store carries every kind of sporting equipment in their inventory.
merchandise noun: things for sale
ex: There is always merchandise on sale at a lower price than usual at one of the big
department stores in the mall. What kind of merchandise does that store sell?
minor noun: a person who is not an adult
ex: Minors are not allowed to purchase cigarettes in most states.
Minors are protected by law from exploitation by employers.
salary noun: money paid on a regular basis for doing something (i.e., work)
ex: John’s salary is not enough to cover the cost of living in the suburbs, so his wife
works, too. I heard we will get a salary increase at the end of the year.
stock noun: goods on hand
ex: Martin’s Grocery keeps a good stock of fresh vegetables.
Do they have imported foods in stock?
trash noun: something worthless or of low quality, garbage
ex: Please put all the trash in the garage in plastic bags.
The trash is picked up twice a week.
direct adj: 1. straight; 2. honest; easily understood
ex: 1. We took a direct flight from Paris to Houston.
2. He refused to give a direct answer to the questions.
periodically adv: occasionally
ex: The teaching materials are reviewed periodically, once every two or three years.
It rains periodically in the springtime.
repeatedly adv: again and again
ex: The announcement about department store closing was made repeatedly so
everyone would know what time to leave the building.
His allergy caused his to sneeze repeatedly.
one…after another exp: in succession
ex: The students came to the front of the room, one after another, to make their report
to the class.
Mrs. Murphy gave birth to one son after another until she had almost enough boys
for a football team!
since then exp: from a past time until now
ex: Hal got his driver’s license last year; since then, he’s been driving his brother and
sisters to school.
John started working for the government in May; since then, he’s made a lot of new
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friends on the job.
take/took/taken… exp: to make a list of items or goods
inventory ex: In order to determine exactly how much merchandise they have in stock, most
businesses take inventory at regular times, often at the end of the year. We need to
take an inventory of the bookroom to find out how many books we need to order.
take/took/taken leave noun: to take a vacation
ex: Major Clark usually takes leave in February so he can go skiing in the mountains
of Colorado. She’ll take leave on her birthday and go shopping.
–en suffix: 1. changes an adjective to a verb = to make or become; 2. changes a noun to a
verb = to cause or to have
ex: 1. wide  widen (to make wide); deep  deepen (to make deep)
2. strength  strengthen (to make stronger); length  lengthen (to make longer)
–fy, –ify suffix: changes an adjective to a verb = to make, become, or cause to become
ex: clear  clarify (to make clear); solid  solidify (to become solid); liquid 
liquefy (to become a liquid)
–ize suffix: changes an adjective or noun to a verb = make into or like, become, or be
subject to the treatment of
ex: modern  modernize (to make modern); familiar  familiarize (to make
familiar); hospital  hospitalize (to put someone in a hospital); item  itemize (to
make a list of items)
to announce verb: to cause to be known

ex: The radio announced a time change for the news show.
The TV station announced the approach of a bad thunderstorm.
to complicate verb: to make difficult
ex: Don’t complicate things for yourself; keep it simple.
The loss of power combined with the bad weather complicated the traffic situation.
to distract verb: to draw attention from
ex: Too much noise from the back seat may distract the driver.
The view from the window distracted him from studying.
draw/drew/ verb: to pull; attract
drawn ex: A horse was used to draw the sleigh over the snowy road.
The light drew a lot of insects to it.
get/got/gotten on with verb: to continue
ex: The captain urged the recruits to get on with their studies.
After a short beak, the speaker got on with the explanation of the new equipment.
to pass…on verb: to give, convey
ex: What values are we passing on to our children.
Read this and then pass it on to the other writers.
to preserve verb: to save, keep
ex: In order to preserve your health, eat a lot of fresh vegetables.
Many foods can be preserved by freezing.
to reside verb: to live in a place
ex: How many people reside in this apartment?
No one resides here; it’s just an office.
to specify verb: to state in detail
ex: Please specify which job you are applying for.
The repairman specified the time they would arrive.
to weld verb: to unite by melting together
ex: The hull of the ship was welded together.
Plastics can also be welded by heating.
A person who welds is called a welder.
alcohol noun: 1. a solvent; 2. a product of fermentation
ex: 1. Alcohol is second in importance only to water as a solvent.
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2. Both beer and wine contain alcohol.
balance noun: remainder; equality
ex: The first five months of the year will be quite busy; the balance of the year will
be slow. There was a balance between males and females in the new class at the
NCO Academy.
booth noun: a small enclosed place
ex: You have to buy a ticket from the woman in the ticket booth.
Would you prefer a booth or a table, sir?
cafe noun: a restaurant, bar
ex: Mr. Davis has eaten breakfast in the same café for 20 years.
That café on Main Street stays open all night.
courage noun: bravery
ex: It takes a lot of courage to dive into the water from the high rocks.
His kind of courage is very rare.
flavor noun: taste
ex: Mexican food often gets its flavor from hot chili peppers.
What flavor ice cream would you like, chocolate or vanilla?
host noun: one who receives guests
ex: The host introduced us to his other guests.
Always remember to thank your host for a lovely time.
neighborhood noun: a small section of city/town
ex: We live in one of the older neighborhoods in town.
Mark and Sally are moving to a different neighborhood.
relation noun: connection
ex: What is the relation between time and space?
His relation to the school is as an advisor.
resident noun: one who resides, occupant, tenant
ex: I’m a resident of this town, not a visitor.
Because of the gas leak, the residents were ordered to evacuate the neighborhood.
rivet noun: a metal pin used for fastening
ex: There is a rivet through the knife blade and the handle.
Rivets are used to fasten metal together.
segment noun: a part, section
ex: The ship was put together one segment at a time.
We watched all of the TV series except for one segment.
tin noun: a metallic element
ex: Tin forms corrosion-resisting coating on steel.
Tin is used in cans, roofs, and solder.
torch noun: a device used to weld
ex: An acetylene torch is part of a welder’s equipment.
A torch is a small, portable burner used in welding.
tubing noun: tubes or pipes
ex: The copper tubing inside the air conditioner must be replaced.
Glass tubing is often used in chemistry experiments.
tunnel noun: a passage underground
ex: They dug a tunnel through the mountain so the highway could pass through.
Some animals live in tunnels in the ground.
wilderness noun: a place of rough land where people don’t live
ex: We saw only wild animals in the wilderness.
Joe got lost in the wilderness for the three days.
brave adj: having or showing courage
ex: “Be brave, Johnny; this won’t hurt a bit!” said the dentist.
Is it brave or just foolish to drive recklessly?
in connection with prep: relating to
ex: There will be a parade in connection with the celebration.
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There’s a long story in connection with our first visit to Russia.
rare adj: not common
ex: She suffers from a rare blood disease.
His collection of rare coins is very valuable.
wild adj: 1. not domesticated; 2. having no restraint
ex: 1. The children look for wild animals when they visit a park.
2. Some people go wild at soccer games.
–al/-ial suffix: of, like, or suitable for
ex: My mistake was not intentional. His laboratory is planning an experimental
farm in the desert. He’s worked very hard to gain a managerial position.
He’s a very influential leader.
to admire verb: 1. To regard with pleasure and respect

ex: Of all the U.S. presidents, I admire Lincoln the most. He did a lot of good for the
country during difficult times.
I admire Laura very much. She works forty hours a week, takes care of her family
and home, and still has time to volunteer at the children’s shelter.
to defy verb: to resist, oppose
ex: The teenage boy defied his parents’ rules, so they punished him for that.
In outer space, weight defies of gravity.
to distinguish verb: to recognize differences
ex: Those two girls are identical twins, so it’s difficult to distinguish which one’s
Jane and which one’s Joan.
Non-native English speakers sometimes have trouble distinguishing between the
“t” and “d” sounds in certain words.
to encourage verb: to give hope, courage, confidence, support to
ex: My parents are very supportive. They always encourage me to participate in
competitive and challenging activities at school.
Although I thought the problem was too difficult, my teacher encouraged me to try
harder to find a solution.
to evaluate verb: to determine the value or degree of
ex: Since that student has been here for only two weeks, it’s difficult to evaluate his
progress right now. Those men will tell me how much I should sell my house for
after they’ve evaluated it and the property surrounding it.
to exhibit verb: to demonstrate, display, show
ex: Molly is a talented artist. She’ll exhibit her paintings at the art show this
weekend. A commanding officer should exhibit outstanding traits so as to be an
example for his subordinates.
to implement verb: to carry out, put into practice or effect
ex: We will implement the new regulations as soon as the chief approves them.
The new English materials will be implemented by the first of the year.
to incorporate verb: to unite together, include
ex: Two small companies, American Brass and U.S. Copper, will incorporate to
become one large company.
More reading and writing skills are incorporated in our new language books.
to outfit verb: to supply, provide, equip
ex: She’s taking up tennis, so she went to a special store that outfitted her with
everything she needed.
The soldiers were outfitted with clothing and equipment for their first mission.
to relate verb: to tell; to see or show a connection between
ex: The police asked the bank clerk to relate the details of the robbery.
She gave me some good advice, but it doesn’t relate to my situation. I’ll have to get
more advice somewhere else.
factor noun: an element contributing to a result
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ex: The climate of an area is an important factor in determining where some people
choose to live and work.
Teamwork was the factor that contributed the most to the success of our project.
foundation noun: a solid base on which something is supported or built
ex: To become an engineer, one must have a solid foundation in mathematics.
A strong desire to achieve and hard work was the foundation of Mike’s success.
integrity noun: strict honesty, honor, principle
ex: She’s a woman of integrity. She’s very honest and can be trusted at all times.
Integrity is an important trait that all leaders should have so that their followers
will believe in them.
morale noun: the state of mind of a person or organization, especially with regard to pride
and determination to succeed
ex: Although they lost the football game, the team’s morale was still high.
After five people were fired because of low evaluations, the morale of the rest of
the employees was at a low point.
nature noun: the qualities and characteristics of a person, personality
ex: Mrs. Collins has a very generous nature. She always helps her family and friends
when they have problems.
Please don’t tell me to be mean to my coworkers. It’s not my nature to be that way.
outfit noun: an organization, group of people working together
ex: A military unit is often called an outfit.
He doesn’t have his own business. He works for an outfit that demonstrates and
sells computer equipment.
potential noun: an existing possibility, ability, capacity
ex: This room has the potential for seating up to 350 people.
He has the potential to become an Olympic swimmer if he continues to practice and
work hard at his skill.
style noun: a kind or type; a manner, way of doing
ex: Our printing machine has fifteen different styles of print from which to choose.
My university English class is teaching us very formal style of writing and speaking.
trait noun: a distinguishing characteristic, quality
ex: Her willingness to help others is her best trait. That’s the quality I like most about
her.
He has a lot of integrity. It is one of the traits he’ll need for his new position in the
organization.
values noun: standards, people’s ideas about the value of certain qualities
ex: A person’s values are one’s ideas or opinions about what’s important in life.
My values today are different from the values my grandparents had in their time.
Things sure have changed!
competent adj: capable, proficient, able
ex: A competent person is one who performs proficiently in the job.
Mary has become quite competent at the computer. She rarely makes any errors now.
distinct adj: clear, separate
ex: This photograph is very distinct; I can see all the details clearly.
When practicing English, please pronounce the “p” and “b” differently; they’re two
distinct sounds.
prime adj: main, first in importance, rank or time
ex: It was a big surprise when the prime candidate for the promotion resigned from
the company and became a farmer.
Classroom computers in the elementary schools is a prime example of how modern
technology has improved educational programs.
trustworthy adj: capable of being trusted, dependable
ex: In order to work in a bank, a person must be trustworthy since many people
depend on him or her to take care of their money.
My friend Ray is very trustworthy. For example, if I tell him a secret, I know he
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won’t repeat it to anyone.
course of action exp: a plan, procedure
ex: If you want results, your best course of action is to talk directly to the supervisor.
Before we begin our mission, we should carefully study our course of action to
avoid making any mistakes.
take/took/taken action exp: to begin action
ex: Because of all the problems in our neighborhood, we are going to take action and
start a Neighborhood Watch Program.
Our students are not progressing as quickly as they should. We need to take action
and set up some special classes for them after class.
take/took/taken charge exp: to take control (of)
(of) ex: While the president of the company is on vacation, the vice-president will take
charge. We need a competent and trustworthy person to take charge of this project.
take/took/taken it out on exp: to express one’s feelings by making someone else suffer; be unpleasant or
unkind to someone because one is upset or angry
ex: It’s not her fault that you didn’t pass the test. Don’t take it out on her.
The drill instructor was angry with one basic trainee, but he took it out on the entire
company by making all of them run an extra five miles.
self- prefix: of, by, in, to, or with oneself or itself
ex: Self-discipline is an important trait for soldiers to have. They shouldn’t need to be
disciplined by their superiors.
In the U.S., there are many self-serve restaurants where you order and pick up your
food from a counter instead of a waiter or waitress serving you at your table.
to bring/brought/ verb: to cause to happen

brought about ex: Exposure to cold weather can bring about illness.
Heavy rains in the area brought about flooding.
His confusion has been brought about by his failure to pay attention in class.
to file verb: to arrange in order
ex: Grandmother Jones always files her recipes in alphabetical order.
You should file your business papers in a safe place.
to monitor verb: to watch or check performance
ex: The ECL test helps students monitor their progress.
In the instructor’s absence, Lt Palmer monitored the group.
to perspire verb: to sweat
ex: Most people perspire when exercising.
The heat from the sun cause us to perspire more than usual.
to prove verb: to demonstrate as true
ex: Scientists did many experiments to prove that the earth rotates.
The man tried to prove that he was innocent of the crime.
to punch verb: 1. to make holes in something; 2. hit with the fist
ex: 1. Punch three holes in this paper; then put it in the notebook.
2. The thief was very surprised when the woman punched him in the nose.
to reveal verb: to tell or make known
ex: The truth was revealed when the newspaper printed the story.
X-rays often reveal the problems which cannot be seen.
to slam verb: to shut or apply pressure forcibly
ex: When he slammed the door, we heard the noise all the way down the hall.
Matthew lost control of his car and slammed into a tree.
accessory noun: something extra
ex: The camera he bought came with several accessories.
A black scarf would be a nice accessory for your suit.
backbone noun: spine; the row of bones located in the center of the back
ex: Insects do not have backbones, but fish, snakes, and frigs do.
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Major Keller, who was in a serious car accident, broke his backbone.
blank noun: an empty space, especially one to be filled out on a printed form
ex: When you take this test, makes sure you mark your answers in the blanks.
This sentence has a blank space between each word.
content noun: 1. what is within an enclosed space (i.e., a box, envelope, etc.); 2. the subject
matter of a paragraph, book, etc.
ex: 1. Dan smiled when he saw the contents of the envelope.
2. The content of the newspaper article was very upsetting to Fred.
core noun: 1. the center; 2. the most important part of something
ex: 1. The sun is the core of our solar system.
2. Many people believe that the mother is the core of the family.
curvature noun: 1. the degree of a curve; 2. being curved
ex: 1. The curvature of this road makes it difficult to drive.
2. Some children suffer from curvature of the spine.
disk noun: a round, flat object
ex: This plate is in the shape of a disk.
Let’s insert this compact disk (CD) into the computer.
frame noun: a structural case which surrounds or supports something
ex: The art gallery purchased a picture frame of solid gold.
Many houses in the United States have wooden frames.
graph noun: a type of diagram with intersecting vertical and horizontal lines
ex: The graph showed an increase in the cost of living.
The relationship between various countries and their populations can easily be seen
on a graph.
kidney noun: an organ in the body which separates liquid waste from the blood
ex: The kidneys are essential to the proper functioning of the body.
People with only one healthy kidney can sometimes survive for years.
monitor noun: 1. a computer screen; 2. a person or device for checking performance
ex: 1. The new computer monitor was much thinner than the old model.
2. The patient was hooked up to a heart monitor.
network noun: a group of things connected, such as roads, computers, person, etc.
ex: The military has a large computer network.
A reliable network of volunteers helps the hospital run efficiently.
skeleton noun: the bony frame of the body
ex: The human skeleton has over two hundred bones.
The monkey’s skeleton is similar to the human skeleton.
spine noun: backbone; the row of bones located in the center of the back
ex: Breaking a bone in the spine can be very serious.
The spine is a very complicated part of the human body.
strip noun: a long, narrow piece of land, tape, wood, etc.
ex: What time will our plane reach the landing strip (runway)?
The old book was held together with several strips of tape.
terminal noun: a station, as in bus, train, computer, etc.
ex: I’ll meet you at the bus terminal at seven sharp.
No one is allowed to eat or drink in the vicinity of a computer terminal.
auxiliary adj: helping; adding support
ex: Auxiliary units were called in to help the city’s firemen extinguish the huge fire.
During busy times of the year, many stores hire auxiliary employees.
diseased adj: having a serious sickness
ex: The diseased animals were removed from the zoo.
Throughout history, certain diseased persons have been isolated from society
intense adj: strong or extreme
ex: The soldiers survived the intense cold by wearing several layers of clothing.
Mr. Doyle reads three books a day. His love for literature is intense.
by hand exp: done with the hand as opposed to using a machine
187 | P a g e
ex: Please write your story by hand.
Do you like my sweater? I made it by hand (it is hand-made).
Book 30 Vocabulary
to boost verb: to raise

ex: The window was hard to raise. We boosted it up with an iron bar.
When you cheer someone, you boost his or her spirits.
to compliment verb: to praise or express approval
ex: We complimented him on his speech.
This is delicious! I compliment you on your cooking.
to decorate verb:to make more pleasing or beautiful by adding decorations, paint, accessories,
etc.
ex: After the builder finished the house, Mrs. Moore decorated it.
The Indian girls decorated their hair with brightly colored feathers.
to invite…over verb: to ask to visit
ex: Mrs. Hughes invited the students over for dessert.
We were invited over for refreshments after the show.
to praise verb: to express approval
ex: The colonel praised the men for the drill performance.
Praise your children often; they will blossom like flowers.
to research verb: to investigate to get facts
ex: Jack researched the topic before he planned his speech.
The general thoroughly researched the enemy’s tactics.
speak/spoke/ verb: to speak louder
spoken up ex: You’ll have to speak up if you want to be heard over the noise of the crowd.
Speak up! We can’t hear you!
stick/stuck/ verb: to remain in/at a place
stuck around ex: After the meeting, the teachers stuck around for a few minutes.
San Francisco is a fascinating city. I think I’ll stick around for a while.
stick/stuck/ verb: to remain true/faithful
stuck by ex: He told Mary he would stick by her no matter what happened.
Petty Officer Willis stuck by her friend even after he was accused of robbery.
to welcome verb: to greet/accept with pleasure
ex: The host and hostess welcomed their guests at the door when they arrived.
Whenever we visit other countries, we are welcomed warmly.
band noun: belt or strap
ex: Jim doesn’t wear his watch because the band is broken.
The pants of his dress uniform have a red band around the waist.
boost noun: 1. increase or rise; 2. an act that helps or brings encouragement
ex: 1. Since last year, there has been a boost in food prices.
2. Tom felt miserable after he lost the tennis match, but Jerry gave him a boost by
complimenting him on how well he played.
cleaners noun: place where clothing is cleaned
ex: Bob’s sweater is so clean; he must have taken it to the cleaners.
The cleaners is located on the corner of 31st and Vine.
compliment noun: expression of praise or admiration
ex: The ballet dancer received many nice compliments on her performance.
Larry is often embarrassed by compliments on his red hair.
figure noun: 1. amount, number; 2. form, shape
ex: 1. His salary is six figures.
2. The figure in the background was hard to identify.
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fraction noun: part of
ex: He bought the TV at the department store’s semi-annual sale, and got it at a
fraction of the original price.
One-half, two-thirds, and three-fourths are all fractions of the number one.
furnace noun: device for giving heat
ex: The students don’t have heat in their building because the furnace isn’t working.
Some furnaces are wood-burning, others use oil.
hook noun: a curved or bent device for catching, holding, hanging, or pulling things
ex: We used a hook to hold the pieces of wire together.
Harry almost caught a shark, but it came off the hook before he could reel it in.
kid noun: child
ex: Jan has five kids, all of which are in elementary school.
It’s hard to believe how quickly kids grow up!
link noun: connection
ex: The pictures were a link to his past.
One of the links in the chain was loose.
mate noun: 1. companion, spouse; 2. one of a matched pair
ex: 1. His roommate is his best friend.
2. I lost the mate to his sock in the washing machine.
microphone noun: device to convert sound to electricity
ex: If John speaks too softly, he’ll have to use a microphone.
There was a lot of static coming from her microphone.
remainder noun: balance
ex: They had class till noon then studied the remainder of the day.
When you divide three into ten, the remainder is one.
research noun: investigation to get facts
ex: He had to do a lot of research in order to complete his paper.
The scientist’s research finally paid off--he discovered a cure for the once fatal disease.
souvenir noun: something that serves as a reminder
ex: During his visit, he bought many souvenirs to take home to his family.
One of my favorite souvenirs is a painting from Spain.
speech noun: a talk given to an audience
ex: The speech given by the professor was long and boring.
What a speech! I could have listened to him speak for hours.
grateful adj: thankful, appreciative
ex: I am grateful to you for all of your help. After suffering through a long
drought, the villagers were very grateful for the heavy rain.
don’t mention it exp: it’s all right; no need to thank me; it’s nothing
ex: “Thanks for your time today.” “Don’t mention it.”
When his friends expressed their gratitude, Charlie simply said, “Don’t mention it.”
keep/kept/kept exp: watch carefully
an eye on ex: Keep an eye on the pie; don’t let it burn.
I have to run to the store for a few minutes. Can you keep an eye on my son?
just the same exp: anyway
ex: The information wasn’t new, but he put it in the report just the same.
I don’t care for fried chicken; just the same, I think I’ll have a piece.
to compensate verb: to make payment for

ex: The doctor was compensated for his time and expertise.
Please make sure that you properly compensate the plumber.
to compensate for verb: to make up for or balance out
ex: Hard work and dedication can sometimes compensate for lack of intelligence.
His staying late today compensated for his leaving early yesterday.
to crumble verb: to fall apart or break into pieces
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ex: The earthquake caused many tall buildings to crumble.
When he accidentally sat on his package of crackers, they all crumbled.
to diminish verb: to reduce in size or effect
ex: Plenty of rest and fluids should help to diminish the effects of your cold.
We must each become actively involved in order to diminish pollution.
to invert verb: to turn upside down
ex: Jet fighter pilots must be able to invert their aircraft.
When you invert the letter “M”, it looks like a “W”.
do/did/done away with verb: get rid of or eliminate
ex: After I retire from the Navy, I plan to do away with all of my uniforms.
Please read the new operating procedures; we have done away with the old ones.
make/made/made up for verb: to substitute or compensate for a mistake or offense
ex: He has promised to make up for his poor behavior.
Having spent many years in prison, he has made up for his past mistakes.
to punish verb: to set as a penalty, penalize, chasten, discipline
ex: Article 15 is used to punish military personnel for wrong-doings.
The two boys, in fear of being punished, hid from their mother.
to reciprocate verb:to move back and forth or up and down alternately; 2. To respond to a gesture or
action in a similar way
ex: 1. The pistons in the engine reciprocate.
1. It’s interesting to watch those machine parts as they reciprocate.
2 Because you helped me move, I will definitely reciprocate the favor when you move.
to seep verb: to move or pass through slowly
ex: Dangerous chemicals seeped into the wall. Rain water seeps into the earth.
to spray verb: to discharge liquid in a mass of small drops
ex: Before leaving his house, the young man sprayed himself with his favorite cologne.
The firemen used huge hoses to spray water on the fire.
to wax verb: to polish
ex: He waxes his car every month to keep the paint in top condition.
Doesn’t everyone hate to wax floors.
additive noun: a substance added to something to change it in some way
ex: The additives in this laundry detergent will make your clothes look bright.
Some gasoline additives are supposed to help keep engines clean.
bureau noun: a government department or division of a department
ex: The Census Bureau is responsible for keeping track of the U.S. population
growth.
Mandy is the chief of the travel bureau.
compressor noun: a machine that presses or squeezes gases together
ex: It’s hot in here because the compressor in our air conditioner broke.
That carpenter uses a nail gun that is powered by an air compressor.
crank noun: an arm-like device used for turning things
ex: Sailors can release and pull up their ships’ anchors by turning cranks.
In order to open and close this type of window, you must turn the crank.
deposit noun: a natural accumulation, especially of a resource such as oil or gas
ex: There are many oil deposits in Venezuela’s Lake Maracaibo.
Natural gas deposits were discovered in the earth below my Uncle Ned’s farm.
duct noun: a tube-like passage for liquids, gases, etc.
ex: There was a little animal caught inside the heating duct.
The compressor’s duct was clogged.
horsepower noun: a unit for measuring power
ex: Their new speedboat has a horsepower of 135!
The engines of small cars usually have less horsepower than engines of large cars.
mercury noun: a silver-colored poisonous metal used in thermometers, batteries, etc.
ex: The use of mercury in dental procedures has always been controversial.
Mercury is in liquid form when at room temperature.
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nozzle noun: a device through which liquid is released, used to speed up or slow down the
flow of liquid
ex: Something’s wrong with this paint gun. The paint’s getting stuck in the nozzle.
I like to attach a nozzle to the garden hose when I water the grass.
rag noun: a worn/used cloth
ex: Where did I put the rag I use to polish furniture?
The poor man’s clothes were so old that they looked like rags.
residue noun: that which remains or is left over, usually after some kind of chemical or
physical process
ex: Certain types of soap leave a residue in the bathtub.
After the fire, there was a black residue left on the walls of the building.
valve noun: a device used to control the flow of liquids or gases
ex: There’s too much water coming in. Shut off the valve!
If this is operating properly, air should pass through the intake valve.
well noun: a deep hole which is drilled in the earth to obtain oil, gas, or water
ex: The oil well that Jim works on is offshore; it’s located out in the ocean.
When we were growing up on the farm, we always got our water directly from the well.
intake adj: related to taking something in
ex: The engine’s intake valves allow fuel and air to enter the cylinders.
When a jet is preparing for take-off, everyone needs to stay clear of its intake system.
mechanized adj: automated, done with or having machines
ex: After the factory was mechanized, its output increased.
Army officers must complete the mechanized infantry course.
simultaneous adj: occurring at the same time
ex: When the teacher asked the question, the students’ responses were
simultaneous. Upon meeting, the two men gave simultaneous greetings.
fully adv: completely
ex: We fully enjoyed last night’s movie.
The soldiers were fully prepared for the attack.
thereby adv: by that means
ex: The car thief touched wo wires together, thereby starting the engine.
The young woman studied engineering in college, thereby increasing her chances of
getting a high-paying job.
underground adv: below ground
ex: The train operates underground. The water supply is located underground.
in…working order exp: in good condition
ex: My car’s in working order. Oh, this machine is in good working order.
upside down exp: in a position with the top turned to the bottom
ex: Bats are the only mammals which hang upside down to sleep.
Don’t pretend to be reading that book. You’re holding it upside down!
in search of prep: looking for
ex: Scientists are constantly in search of ways to improve the quality of life.
Since his childhood, he has been in search of true happiness.
to adopt verb: to take for one’s own

ex: Mr. and Mrs. Jones adopted a child last week.
The Army has adopted a new policy toward the press.
to base verb: to establish or use as a foundation for
ex: The judge based his decision on the facts.
The ships were based at strategic points.
to caution verb: to warn
ex: The policeman cautioned the motorist about speeding.
Her father cautioned her against staying out too late.
to commit verb: to obligate someone to follow a course of action
191 | P a g e
ex: She committed herself to running the marathon.
The colonel committed his troops to the battle.
to conflict verb: to be in opposition to
ex: My son’s story conflicts with what his teacher told me.
The farmers and the city are conflicting over water rights.
to derive verb: to obtain or receive from a source
ex: The man derives his income from the sale of his paintings.
Mary derives great pleasure from cooking.
to formulate verb: to create, invent, prepare; organize into expression
ex: The general was forced to formulate a new plan of attack.
A scientific theory is usually formulated before experimentation begins.
to originate verb: to start or create
ex: The Mississippi River originates in the state of Minnesota.
The plan of attack originated from headquarters.
to secure verb: to make firm or safe
ex: The man secured the papers with string so they wouldn’t blow away.
The first thing an army must do is secure its supply lines.
to simulate verb: to give the appearance of or imitate
ex: The marines simulated an attack on the city in order to keep the enemy from
discovering the real objective.
This machine simulates actual flight conditions.
concept noun: idea or thought
ex: She doesn’t have any concept of how to operate that machine.
The design for this airplane follows a totally different engineering concept.
conflict noun: 1. battle, war; 2. disagreement
ex: 1. The Navy lost 23 ships in the conflict.
2. There is a conflict in our office over where people can smoke.
contingency noun: an event that is uncertain or dependent upon something else
ex: You’ll need to have a contingency plan in case the main plan fails.
We have taken every possible contingency into account.
mobility noun: ability to be moved
ex: Mobility is essential in modern warfare.
After his accident, Jeff lost mobility in his right thumb.
opponent noun: person on the opposing side
ex: Their opponent in this game will be a team from Spain.
In war you should never underestimate your opponent.
pattern noun: design
ex: That air wing won an award for the accuracy of its bombing patterns.
The shirt had an unusual striped pattern on it.
policy noun: plan of action
ex: Company policy is to give all employees a raise once a year.
The navy has developed a new safety policy.
priority noun: preferential order or position
ex: The general’s plane has priority clearance for takeoff.
The soldiers who are more badly wounded will be given priority.
proportion noun: comparative relation
ex: In this painting, the man’s arms are not in proportion to the rest of his body.
An army spends the largest proportion of its time preparing for combat.
ratio noun: proportion, fraction, share, part
ex: The enemy outnumbered them by a ratio of 2:1.
The ratio of length to width is 5:4.
security noun: safety, refuge, freedom from danger
ex: The purpose of the army is to maintain national security.
Those men provide security for the president.
setting noun: 1. time and place; 2. environment
192 | P a g e
ex: 1. The setting of the story is 19th century England.
2. The setting of the battle made troop movements very difficult to conceal.
tactic noun: means, method, or plan used to achieve a goal
ex: In the academy, all officers must study offensive and defensive tactics.
The battle was won because of superior tactics; not by superior numbers.
task noun: job
ex: The task of this army unit is to provide artillery support.
In this examination you are asked to perform seven tasks.
ambiguous adj: not clear in meaning
ex: He sent such an ambiguous letter, we weren’t sure exactly what he wanted.
The politician made an ambiguous statement to the reporter.
contrary to adj: in opposition to
ex: Their answer was contrary to what I thought it would be.
Contrary to what she thought, the party was not last night.
conventional adj: usual or ordinary
ex: That army is only equipped with conventional weapons.
That car has conventional brakes.
feasible adj: capable of being done
ex: An attack by land is not really feasible.
It is feasible that the governor could lose the election.
global adj: relating to the entire world
ex: Global warming will continue to be a problem for many years.
The war escalated into global conflict.
joint adj: shared
ex: The two governments issued a joint statement.
The armies of the allied countries went on joint maneuvers.
missing adj: lost or absent
ex: Two pilots are missing in action.
The little boy has two missing teeth.
mobile adj: movable
ex: The marines had ten mobile missile launchers.
The television station has a mobile transmitter.
political adj: of or concerning government
ex: The senator gave a political speech last night.
They’re trying to find a political solution to the conflict.
in essence exp: basically or fundamentally
ex: In essence, this army unit repairs tanks, although they can work on other vehicles.
The president said, in essence, that there will be no new taxes.
in opposition to prep: against or opposing
ex: The general is in opposition to the new battle plan.
The people marched in opposition to the government’s new law.
counter- prefix: against or opposite
ex: The troops counterattacked at dawn.
The troops came under heavy counterfire from the enemy.
We gave a counteroffer to the apartment, hoping the reduced price would be accepted.
to burn down verb: to burn to the ground/cause to burn

ex: The house burned down after it was struck by lightning.
Mr. Black burned down his warehouse for the insurance money.
to deserve verb: to be worthy of/earn
ex: The naughty child cried and said she didn’t deserve to be punished.
The boy who returned the lost money deserves to be rewarded for his honesty.
to pass verb: to approve
ex: The National Rifle Association did not want to pass the new law restricting gun
193 | P a g e
ownership. A law requiring employers to allow parental leave passed last month.
run/ran/run for verb: campaign for elective office
ex: Six candidates are running for the office of mayor this year.
People who run for public office must be willing to give up their privacy because
they are always in the public eye.
send/sent/sent for verb: request by message to come
ex: Tom sent for the gadgets he found described in the catalog. (This was before
internet shopping, people ordered things from magazines or catalogs.)
In the past, we used to send for the doctor if someone was ill, and the doctor would
come to our house; now we have to take the patient to the doctor’s office.
set/set/set about verb: begin a task
ex: They set about writing a book of instructions.
We set about cleaning up the flood damage as soon as the rain stopped.
accord noun: agreement
ex: He wrote the report in accord with his supervisor’s instructions.
After hours of discussion, the two parties to the disagreement were at last in accord.
The players reached a certain accord in regard to playing strategies.
amendment noun: change
ex: The amendment to bill weakened its chances of being passed in the legislature.
The first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution are called the Bill of Rights.
condolence noun: sympathy
ex: I was sorry to hear of your wife’s death. May I offer my condolences.
Many letters of condolence were mailed to the unhappy couple after they lost their
baby daughter.
constitution noun: 1. the structure or form of a person or thing; 2. the basic laws of a nation
ex: 1.Because of the healthy constitutions of the Murphy family, Mrs. Murphy never
misses a day of work.
2The constitution of the U.S. has served her people well for over two hundred years.
democracy noun: government by the people, directly or through elected or appointed
representatives
ex: The Constitution of the United States plays a fundamental role in the country’s
democracy. Democracy is an idea that goes back to the ancient Greeks.
king noun: male ruler
ex: The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is governed by a king.
In a constitutional monarchy, such as Norway, the king has very little power.
mayor noun: elected official
ex: The mayor and the other city officials met the foreign visitors at the airport.
By law, our mayor can only be elected to three terms of office.
office noun: public position
ex: The general election will be held in November to fill state and national offices.
The governor has been in office for only a few months.
queen noun: female ruler
ex: The queen bee is the most important bee in the hive.
The father of Queen Elizabeth I was the king of England.
religion noun: belief
ex: The freedom of religion is an important human right.
Thomas Paine, a famous American said, “The world is my country… [and] to do
good is my religion.”
senator noun: elected official
ex: Every state in the United States elects two senators.
We elect senators at both the state and national levels of government.
service noun: ceremony
ex: The wedding service was short but beautiful.Religious services honoring the
dead were held Monday.
sympathy noun: sharing in feeling emotion; understanding, compassion
194 | P a g e
ex: Marjorie is answering every letter of sympathy that she has received since her
father passed away.
The teacher felt little sympathy for the lazy student when he failed the course.
astonished adj: greatly surprised
ex: The audience was astonished when the speaker removed his shirt and kept on
speaking. The students low grades on the examination astonished the young teacher.
astonishing adj: surprising
ex: The lack of resistance by the enemy was astonishing.
Young Mozart’s musical ability was truly astonishing.
in connection with adj: in relation to
ex: There were several parties planned in connection with the holiday celebration.
The reporters asked the general if he could give them more information in
connection with the recent bombing raids.
religious adj: devoted/referring to religion
ex: Religious beliefs are sometimes a very private matter.
Sarah chose to attend religious services every day.
shocked adj: greatly surprised
ex: The older members of the family were often shocked by the style of dress of the
young people. All were shocked to learn of the disappearance of the mayor.
shocking adj: surprising
ex: The shocking news was that Sam’s house was destroyed by a tornado.
The yearly rise in the number of violent crimes is shocking.
tragic adj: terrible
ex: There was a tragic accident on Highway Nine in the fog; seven people died.
Is there anything in life more tragic than the death of an innocent child?
for lack of prep: because of not having
ex: The house couldn’t be finished for lack of materials.
For lack of a better word, he just said he was frustrated with the results of the project.
for the sake of prep: for the good of
ex: The lives of many families have been disrupted for the sake of their country’s defense.
The father was willing to give up one of his kidneys for the sake of his child.
with respect to prep: in regard to, regarding, concerning
ex: With respect to your letter of the 12th, there are no more washers of that model
in stock. However, we can supply you with a newer model at the same price.
With respect to the lack of discipline in your classroom, let me say additional
strictness is needed.
back on one’s feet exp: be well again, recovered
ex: After a few days in the hospital, John is back on his feet again.
Tom hasn’t been feeling well since he had the flu, but I expect he’ll be back on his
feet in a week or two.
give/gave/given… exp: call on telephone
a ring ex: Give me a ring tomorrow if you’re not busy; I’d like to talk to you about an idea Ihave.
The group leader gave everyone a ring to notify them of the emergency meeting.
It’s a shame that… exp: It’s too bad that…
ex: It’s a shame that he is so shy; if he had more self-confidence, he’d be running this
organization.
It’s a shame that it’s raining; I wanted to go to the park and walk this morning.
What a shame that… exp: It’s too bad that…
ex: What a shame that we don’t have enough money to take advantage of the sale at
the department store. What a shame that you lost your diamond ring!
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Book 1 to 30 Vocabulary in one book

put verb: to move something to or into a place or position

and conjunction: used to join two words or parts of sentences

Thank you. Ahmed: Thank you.

buy Verb: to pay money for, to purchase

answer verb: something you say or write in response to a question

Book 3 Lesson 1 Vocabulary

have Verb: to possess, to own

choose Verb: to select, to make a choice

Drive Verb: to be in control of a vehicle

Here it is It’s not over there. Here it is!

There it is It’s not over here. There it is!

clean (up) verb: to make clean, to remove dirt

Book 5 Lesson 1 Vocabulary

What’s the matter? Terry: What’s the matter?

can modal verb

to arrive verb: the opposite of depart

to dial verb: to turn a number wheel with your finger

Book 6 Lesson 1 Vocabulary

to check in verb: to register at a hotel when you arrive

Book 7 Lesson 1 Vocabulary

to compare verb: to see if two things are the same or different

to climb verb: to go up something

to keep verb: to store; to leave someplace for a long period of time

to plug in verb: to provide electricity to a machine

to be going to + V1 verb: will

straight (ahead) adjective: no turns

to exercise verb: to work out

to call (up) verb: to telephone

call noun: a conversation you began using the telephone

to be back verb: to return

to bother verb: to annoy

to apologize verb: to say you’re sorry

to decide (to) verb: to make a choice

can modal verb: used for polite requests

the front (of) The engine is in the front of the car.

Book 10 Lesson 4 Vocabulary

to be able to verb: can

Ache verb: to hurt

annual adjective: yearly

Become verb: shows a change in condition

Charge verb: to buy something with a credit card

Could verb: ability… able to do something

be over verb: to be finished

accept verb: to agree to take (a job); to receive

add on verb: to build another room for your house

to beat verb: to score more points in a sports match

match noun: something to start a fire; a sports game

height noun: how tall a person is

To be born My baby was born yesterday. He is one day old.

To afford verb: to have enough money to buy something

to celebrate verb: to have a party; to express happiness about something

to apply verb: to fill out a form to request something

to appear verb: to look (like)

to behave verb: to act in a certain way

to act verb: to perform in a play or a movie

to adjust verb: to change something so it works better

to demand verb: to order something to be done

to advertise verb: to put a notice in a newspaper to sell something

to associate verb: to spend time with; to be together with

to attach verb: to connect (to something)

to acquire verb: to get; to obtain

to barricade verb: to build a barrier to keep something out