PRACTICE DIRECTION 4.

CIVIL APPEALS TO THE COURT OF APPEAL

A. General

1. This Practice Direction governs the conduct of the civil business of the Court of Appeal (“the Court”). It aims at more proactive and
effective case management to ensure that every application and appeal to the Court are properly presented by the litigants and dealt with
by the Court as expeditiously as is reasonably practicable in line with the underlying objectives as provided in Order 1A of the Rules of
the High Court.

2. A Vice-President of the Court and the Registrar of Civil Appeals (“Registrar CA”) will oversee the conduct of the civil business of the
Court. The Registrar CA is either the Registrar of the High Court himself or alternatively a master nominated from time to time by the
Chief Judge to exercise the power of the Registrar CA.

3. The Registrar CA (who may consult the Chief Judge, the Vice-President or a member of the Court who is expected to preside at the
hearing of the appeal concerned) or a judge of the Court may at any stage after an appeal has been set down give specific directions in a
particular case, as appear best adapted to secure the just, expeditious and economical disposal of the appeal, which may differ from the
provisions of this Practice Direction. The directions may be given on paper or in a directions hearing.

4. Non-compliance with this Practice Direction or the specific directions given by the Court or the Registrar CA may entail the
imposition of appropriate unless order and the calling upon of the party or, where appropriate, his/her legal representative to show cause.

B. Applications for Leave to Appeal

5. Order 59 rules 2A to 2C govern applications to the Court for leave to appeal. Except where there are special circumstances which
make it impossible or impracticable to apply to the court below, an application for leave must not be made to the Court, unless the
applicant has first applied to the court below for leave but failed.

6. Applications for extension of time to appeal should be brought in the first instance before the court below.

7. When an application has been made to the court below and leave or extension of time has been refused, the unsuccessful party should
reflect on the merits of the application in light of the decision of the court below before renewing the application for leave to the Court.

8. Every application for leave to appeal to the Court must be made by way of summons accompanied by an application bundle containing
the draft grounds of appeal and, where appropriate, an affidavit explaining the reasons for any delay in support of an application for
extension of time, as well as a written statement (which should not be more than 5 pages on A4 paper (single side only) legibly printed in
no less than 14 font size and 1.5 line spacing, unless otherwise directed by the Court) as to why leave to appeal should be granted. The
documents must also be served on the other party or parties to the proceedings in the court below except for ex parte proceedings (unless
specifically directed).

9. The applicant should only include essential documents (viz. those relating directly to the issues raised in the draft grounds of appeal)
in the application bundle. An application bundle which was put together by indiscriminate inclusion or reproduction of bundles
previously used at the court below will be returned unread with costs consequence.

10. When there was a decision by the court below in refusing leave or extension of time, the party applying to the Court for leave or
extension of time must include in the documents submitted to the Court a copy of the reasons for refusal given by the court below. If the
court below did not give any written reasons, the applicant should obtain a transcript of that hearing and include the same in the bundle
placed before the Court. It is the duty of the legal representatives appearing in the court below to invite the court to give brief oral
reasons for his/her refusal of leave at the end of the hearing, if written reasons will not be given. If not available at the time the renewed
leave application is taken out, the written reasons or transcript of the hearing in the court below, as the case may be, must be submitted
once the same becomes available.

11. An applicant in a renewed application for leave should inform the Court whether the points argued in connection with the grounds of
appeal had been canvassed at the substantive hearing and the application for leave to appeal in the court below. If not, the applicant must
explain why it was not argued then and why it should now be entertained by the Court.

12. Two sets of application bundle are to be lodged with the Court.

13. A party wishing to oppose the grant of leave to appeal must, within 14 days of the service of the application, file and serve an
affidavit in opposition (but only where it is necessary in response to the applicant’s affidavit, if any) and a statement in opposition (which
should not be more than 5 pages on A4 paper (single side only) legibly printed in no less than 14 font size and 1.5 line spacing, unless
otherwise directed by the Court) as to why leave to appeal should not be granted or why leave should only be granted on terms. Two sets
of such documents are to be lodged with the Court.
14. A party who wishes to seek costs in respect of the application (including costs in opposing the application) must include in the
documents filed by him/her a statement of costs for summary assessment.

15. No further documents are to be filed by either party without the prior permission of the Court. A party seeking such permission must
write to the Court and inform the other party or parties before filing any further documents. Without such permission, the Registry should
refuse to accept such documents, and if lodged, the same will be returned unread.

16. No hearing date will be given when the application for leave to appeal is taken out. The Court may determine the application without
an oral hearing or it may direct that an oral hearing be fixed. Should there be an oral hearing, it shall not be assumed that it has to be
attended by the counsel responsible for preparing the grounds of appeal or the statement in support of the application. Representation in
support of any request for an oral hearing to be fixed in consultation with counsel’s diaries must be made in the statement in support or
opposition, as the case may be, of the leave application. Where appropriate, the Court may give directions for the oral hearing to be
conducted in chambers and attended by the solicitors handling the intended appeal. The date of the oral hearing will be fixed by the
Court according to the need for expeditious disposal of the leave application.

17. If there is an oral hearing, the statement of costs previously submitted for summary assessment must be up-dated at least 3 clear days
before the hearing.

18. Where an application for leave to appeal is made directly to the Court contrary to paragraph 5 above, the Court will refuse the same
without going into the merits, leaving the applicant to apply to the court below afresh.

C. Title of Appeal and Notice of Appeal

19. The same description of the parties should be adopted in the title of all applications or appeals to the Court as that used in the court
below. It follows that they should not be described as appellants or respondents.

20. A notice of appeal should be a concise document setting out clearly and succinctly the reasons why the Court should interfere with
the judgment of the court below.

21. In an appeal against findings of fact, the grounds of appeal must pinpoint the palpable errors of the court below which warrant the
interference by the Court. A bare statement that the findings are against the weight of the evidence or that the court below was wrong to
reject or did not pay sufficient regard to the evidence of a witness is not a proper ground of appeal.

22. A notice of appeal must not be prolix, unfocused or canvass evidence or submissions at length.

23. The parties are expected to have satisfied themselves with the contents of the notice of appeal, respondent’s notice (and cross appeal),
and to have confirmed the same to the Court before the appeal hearing is fixed under Section F below. Where appropriate, the Court may
on its own motion invite the appellant to consider filing a proper supplemental or amended notice of appeal, or require a prolix or
unfocused notice of appeal to be amended by a certain deadline in the form of an unless order. In any event, where the Court finds that
the scale and impact of the proposed supplement or amendment is such that, if accepted as necessary or allowed with leave, it will
occasion serious disruption to the proper preparation by the Court for the appeal hearing, it may, when accepting or allowing the same to
be filed, re-fix the appeal hearing date with appropriate costs consequence on the responsible party.

D. Urgent Appeals and Urgent Interlocutory Applications

24. An application for an appeal or an interlocutory application in an intended appeal or appeal (including an application for stay of
execution pending appeal) to be heard urgently must be made in the following manner. A certificate of urgency signed by counsel setting
out the grounds for urgency must be lodged together with a core bundle containing all the essential documents. The bundle should be
prepared with a view that it could be used as the core appeal bundle. The certificate of urgency must also account for any time lapse
between the decision or judgment of the court below and the making of the application.

25. If leave to appeal is required, a party may include an application for the appeal to be heard urgently in his application for leave to
appeal.

26. Litigants and their legal representatives are expected to proceed with due expedition in the making of an application for urgent listing
of an appeal/application, and they should be prepared to comply with stringent timetable for the filing of skeleton submissions and strict
time limits for oral submissions in the appeal/application.

27. An applicant for an appeal/application to be listed urgently must provide the Court with the necessary information to facilitate the
proper estimation by the Court as to the length of hearing as well as the preparation time required by the judges. If available, skeleton
submissions and authorities to be used in the intended appeal/application should be included in the papers to enable the Court to also
assess how much time should be given to the opposite party or parties to prepare for the appeal/application.

28. Whilst an urgent appeal/application will not be fixed in consultation with counsel’s diaries, a party may include the available dates of
counsel in the information, but he must in that case also invite the other party or parties to the appeal/application to provide the Court
with the available dates of their counsel.

29. Where there is good reason for the application for urgent listing of an appeal/application to be made on a strictly ex parte basis, the
usual duty of full and frank disclosure applies. In any other case, the Court expects the applicant to discuss with the other party or parties
to the appeal/application before an application for urgent listing is made so as to ensure that the relevant information concerning all the
parties are placed before the Court. Matters agreed and not agreed (and the reasons for not agreeing) should also be made known to the
Court.
30. An application for urgent listing of an appeal/application should be addressed to the Registrar CA, who will place the papers before a
judge of the Court for consideration. The judge may direct the appeal/application be listed for hearing on an urgent basis and give
directions, including directions for the filing of bundles and skeleton submissions and, where appropriate, directions on the length of oral
submissions of each party, and may grant interim relief pending the hearing as well.

31. If for whatever reason (such as late instructions from client, dilatoriness in the preparation of an application or other self-induced
urgency) the justification for an urgent hearing is considered inadequate, the Court will not give an urgent appointment and the
appeal/application will be listed in accordance with the usual diary position of the Court.

32. An application to vary or vacate a date fixed for the urgent hearing of an appeal/application must be made to the Registrar CA.

E. Interlocutory Applications

33. Subject to this Section and the specific directions given by the Court in a particular case, PD 5.4 shall apply to interlocutory
applications made to the Court. Interlocutory applications should be made promptly after an appeal has been brought.

34. Pursuant to Order 59 Rule 14A, the Court may direct an interlocutory application to be dealt with on paper. The Court will take into
account the views of the parties, the complexity of an application, the utility of an oral hearing and the adequacy of written submissions.
The Court will bear in mind the underlying objectives in Order 1A, in particular to increase the cost-effectiveness of the procedure, to
ensure the application is dealt with as expeditiously as is reasonably practicable, to promote procedural economy in the conduct of
proceedings and to ensure fairness between the parties, in deciding whether paper disposal of a particular application is appropriate.

35. Without prejudice to the generality of paragraph 34, applications for leave to appeal to the Court of Final Appeal (governed by
Practice Direction 2.1) and applications for the variation of costs orders nisi are usually dealt with on paper. In addition, applications for
stay of execution, security for costs, admission of fresh evidence in the appeal, unless orders based on failure to comply with directions,
dismissal of vexatious interlocutory applications may also be dealt with on paper. In all interlocutory applications, if a party intends to
make representation on whether there should be an oral hearing, he or she should do so by writing to the Court within 5 days from the
service of the summons. Such representation will be taken into account in the determination by the Court of whether the application
should be disposed of on paper or by way of oral hearing.

36. Where an interlocutory application is made, no date for hearing will be given by the Court. Oral hearing will be fixed only if the
Court so directs. The following directions are deemed to be given upon the filing of the application, unless the judge otherwise directs:

(1) Unless already done so, the applying party shall serve the summons and affidavit in support (if evidence is necessary) on
the other relevant party or parties to the appeal forthwith;

(2) The party opposing the application shall file and serve on the applying party his affidavit in opposition (but only insofar
as it is necessary to respond to the affidavit filed by the applying party) within 14 days from the service of the applying
party’s summons and affidavit;

(3) The applying party shall file and serve on the opposing party an affidavit in reply, if any, within 7 days thereafter;

(4) No further affidavit shall be filed without leave of the Court;

(5) Upon close of evidence pursuant to (2) or (3) above, the applying party shall lodge with the Court an application bundle
and written submissions (2 sets) and serve on the opposing party written submissions (1 set) in support of the application
within 14 days;

(6) The opposing party shall lodge with the Court 2 sets and serve on the applying party 1 set of his or her written
submissions in opposition of the application within 14 days after service of the documents pursuant to (5) above;

(7) The applying party shall lodge with the Court 2 sets and serve on the opposing party 1 set of his or her written
submissions in reply, if any, within 7 day thereafter;

(8) Written submissions must be succinct and precise, and should not exceed 10 pages and in the case of submissions in
reply not exceeding 5 pages (inclusive of footnotes and appendices, if any), legibly printed in not less than 14 font size and
1.5 line spacing on A4 paper (single side only);

(9) Any party seeking costs of the application, or costs of opposing the application, shall lodge and serve their respective
statements of costs together with the last round of their respective written submissions as directed above;

(10) Representation in support of any request for an oral hearing of the application, if not already made in writing to the
Court after the service of the summons under paragraph 35, must be made in the written submissions;

(11) No further document or submissions shall be lodged without leave of the Court; any document or submissions lodged
without leave will not be considered;

(12) Upon consideration of the documents lodged as directed above, the Court will decide whether to determine the
application on paper and, if yes, will proceed to do so, or alternatively it will fix an oral hearing.

37. A party seeking to adduce new evidence on appeal must apply as early as practicable. The application must be supported by an
affidavit explaining how the criteria for admission of new evidence are satisfied. Upon filing a summons for such purpose, the above
general directions on interlocutory applications shall apply to such an application. The Court will give directions on whether the
application is to be decided on paper, heard at a separate hearing or heard at the same time as the substantive appeal.
F. Documentation and Application to Fix a Date for the Hearing of an Appeal

38. Parties must ensure that only documents necessary for determination of the issues before the Court are included in the appeal bundle.
Usually, the issues to be canvassed in the Court are narrower in scope than the issues in the court below, and many documents placed
before the court below are no longer necessary to be placed before the Court. Appeal bundles put together by indiscriminate
reproduction of trial or hearing bundles used in the court below will be returned with costs sanction on the responsible party or parties.

39. Where the appeal bundle consists of more than 5 bundles, a core bundle with the requisite number of copies shall be prepared and
lodged with the Court as set out below.

40. The core bundle must include the judgment under appeal, the notice of appeal, the order appealed against, any other order (if
relevant) made in the court below, the respondent’s notice (if any) and also those documents put in evidence in the court below which are
central to the appeal. Only documents and materials which are necessary to satisfy the above test should be included.

41. All bundles must be paginated page by page individually and consecutively starting with page 1 at the top of the bundle and working
continuously through to the end. Other numbering systems are unacceptable. Page number should be placed at the bottom right-hand
corner of the page. Page numbers used in previous hearings should be omitted unless it is necessary to refer to them in the appeal, eg
where the judgment subject to appeal made reference to the page numbers of the hearing bundle below. In such a case, the page number
of the previous hearing bundle shall be placed at the top right-hand corner of the page to avoid confusion.

42. Where the number of pages in the appeal bundle exceeds 250, the bundle shall be divided into bundles each of approximately 250
pages, with a letter assigned to each bundle, so that bundle A is followed by bundle B and so on. The page numbering should continue
consecutively from the end of one bundle to the next one so that, for instance, if the page number of bundle A ends with page 250, bundle
B shall start with page 251.

43. There must be an index listing the documents and giving the page reference for each one of them. For classes of documents such as
letters or emails, if they are not of particular importance to the appeal, they can be shown in the index under a general description.
However, if a letter or email is of particular importance to the case, it should be separately listed in the index.

44. Where the documents consist of more than one bundle, an index covering all of them should be placed at the beginning of the first
bundle. There should not be a separate index for each bundle.

45. The documents (except for transcripts) should be bound in lever-arch files or binders and each file or binder shall not include more
than 250 pages.

46. Transcript should be put in a separate bundle. Parties should include in the bundle only such extracts of the transcript which are
relevant to the issues in the appeal.

47. Only documents, affidavits, exhibits or part of an exhibit, which were in evidence in the court below and are relevant to any issue in
the appeal are to be included.

48. All documents must be legible. Care should be taken to ensure there is a complete legible copy of the document, with no edges cut
off in the photocopying process or rendered illegible by the binding. If a document is handwritten and difficult to read, parties should
include a typewritten version of the document in the bundle.

49. If there are more than 5 bundles in a case, each of the bundles should also be labelled on the top right-hand corner of the inside cover.

50. Unless there is already leave from the Court to adduce further evidence, new evidence shall not be included in the main hearing
bundle for the appeal.

51. Where the Court has directed that an application for leave to adduce further evidence is to be listed for hearing at the same time as the
substantive appeal, separate bundles must be lodged in respect of that application so that the further evidence can readily be
distinguished from the evidence which was before the court below.

52. Where the party responsible for preparing bundles is a litigant in person, paragraphs 53 and 54 below shall not apply. He or she must
comply with the specific directions of the Registrar CA in the preparation of the bundles. Persistent failure or omission to do so may
result in an unless order being made, the further non-compliance of which could result in the dismissal of the appeal.

53. Unless the Court directs otherwise, in addition to a hard copy of the bundles, an electronic copy of the bundles should also be lodged
in accordance with the format specified in Annex 1. In cases where there are core bundles as well as non-core bundles, subject to further
directions from the Court, only 3 sets of core bundles and 1 set of non-core bundles shall be lodged together with the electronic version
of the bundles.

54. Unless the Court directs otherwise, one set of the bundles shall be lodged before an application is made to fix a date for the hearing of
the appeal. When the application for the fixing of a date is made, the parties shall jointly lodge a checklist in the form of Annex 2 within
7 days of the filing of the application, setting out the estimated length of the hearing and any unusual listing considerations of the appeal
(including whether it should be heard by a bilingual division), and confirming that the bundles have been lodged and there will be no
further interlocutory applications before the appeal is heard. Disagreement in respect of any item in the checklist should be explained in
the joint checklist. Subject to paragraph 55 below, the listing officer shall give a listing appointment for fixing the hearing date after the
filing of the joint checklist. If there is default in relation to the filing of the joint checklist or for any other reasons (e.g. a party indicates
that there is an outstanding interlocutory application or that the other party fails to co-operate in the preparation of a joint checklist), the
listing officer shall refer the matter to the Registrar CA for further directions.
55. Before a date is fixed for the hearing of the appeal, in cases with more than 5 bundles, the Registrar CA may review the bundles. If
the Registrar CA is not satisfied that the bundles are prepared in accordance with these directions or his specific directions, he may return
the bundles to the party preparing the bundles and give directions for the bundles to be prepared properly. Where appropriate, the
Registrar CA may order the party or solicitor who prepared the returned bundles to bear the costs of such bundles. For these purposes,
the Registrar CA may direct the parties to attend before him for directions.

56. In an appeal where a party (whether legally represented or otherwise) refuses or repeatedly fails to comply with directions of the
Registrar CA in preparing the hearing bundle, the Registrar CA may direct the other party to prepare the bundle, potentially at the cost of
the defaulting party. Alternatively, the case may be referred to a single judge of the Court for considering whether an unless order with
the default consequence being dismissal of the appeal should be made.

G. Skeleton Arguments and List of Authorities

57. Skeleton arguments and lists of authorities should be lodged in support of every appeal (and cross-appeal) to the Court with the
Registrar CA. Subject to any directions given by the Registrar CA or the Court in the case, the same shall be lodged no later than 28
days before the hearing of the relevant appeal.

58. If the appellant’s or cross-appellant’s skeleton argument is not so lodged, the case may be taken out of the list and re-fixed for another
date with appropriate consequences as to costs.

59. Subject to any directions given by the Registrar CA or by the Court in the case, a respondent who wishes to lodge a skeleton
argument and list of authorities should do so 14 days before the appeal to which it relates is listed to be heard.

60. The purpose of a skeleton argument is to identify and summarise the points, not to argue them fully on paper (if the Court should
require such an argument, it will give directions for the lodgement of full written submissions). A skeleton argument should therefore be
as succinct as possible.

61. A skeleton argument should at the same time be comprehensive in that it should state all the points which a party intends to take and
summarise the argument on each of those points. A point not taken or an argument not advanced in a party’s skeleton argument may not
be pursued at the hearing of the appeal without the leave of the Court.

62. The appellant’s skeleton argument should commence with a brief statement of the nature of the proceedings below, a brief statement
of the facts material to the resolution of the issues in the appeal and a concise statement of those issues. The skeleton argument should
then outline the points which the appellant intends to take and a brief statement of the appellant’s argument on each of those points.

63. Skeleton arguments should not normally exceed 10 pages in the case of an appeal on law and 15 pages in the case of an appeal on
fact legibly printed on A4 paper (single side only) in no less than 14 font size and 1.5 line spacing. Parties should not, however, assume
that longer cases justify proportionately longer skeleton arguments. On the other hand , in the case of interlocutory and shorter final
appeals, it should normally be possible to do justice to the relevant points in a skeleton argument of considerably less than 10 pages.
Footnotes in skeleton arguments should only be confined to cross-referencing to documents in the appeal bundles and should not contain
statements which are in substance arguments. Misuse of footnotes may result in the skeleton arguments being returned with their costs of
preparation disallowed.

64. In the case of points of law, the skeleton argument should state the point and cite the principle or authority in support, with references
to the particular page(s) where the principle concerned is enunciated. If there are appellate authorities on a point, it would generally be
unhelpful to refer to first instance decisions on the same point. Even if there are no appellate authorities, reference should only be made
to first instance decisions where important principles are discussed as opposed to their serving as illustrations of the application of the
principles.

65. In the case of questions of fact, the skeleton argument should state briefly the basis on which it is contended the Court can interfere
with the finding of fact concerned, with cross-references to the passages in the transcript or notes of evidence which bear on the point.
Unless one of the issues is whether a point had been taken in the court below, generally it is unhelpful to include cross-references to
opening or closing submissions in the court below. It is also unacceptable to make cross-reference to such submissions as if these were
additional submissions to what should have been set out in the skeleton argument, in order to avoid the normal page limit for a skeleton
argument.

66. The appellant’s skeleton argument should be accompanied by an agreed common chronology of relevant events cross-referenced to
the core bundles or the appeal bundles. The common chronology must be a separate document so that it may easily be consulted in
conjunction with other papers.

67. If a party files a supplemental list of authorities, he must do so as soon as possible and should identify in the list the relevant
proposition for which each authority in the supplemental list is cited and the relevant paragraphs or pages of the authority. Any default
that causes serious disruption to the preparation of the Court may lead to consideration of re-fixing of the hearing with costs consequence
on the responsible party.

68. For represented parties, in addition to a hard copy of the skeleton arguments and authorities, an electronic copy of these documents
should also be lodged at the same time in accordance with the format specified in Annex 1.

H. Appeals against Refusal to Grant Leave for Judicial Review

69. Though an application for leave to apply for judicial review is made ex parte, the outcome will be notified to the putative respondent
and the putative interested party by the CALL-1 Form. Further, there are occasions where these parties advanced submissions at the court
below, either in writing or at an oral hearing. These parties therefore have a legitimate interest in being notified when an appeal is
brought against the refusal of leave.
70. Irrespective of whether the putative respondent or the putative interested party should be joined as a party to the appeal, and
irrespective of whether such parties could be regarded as parties directly affected (as in the case where an interim stay of a certain
decision is sought against the putative respondent) and need therefore, if so regarded, be served under Order 59 Rule 3(5), it would
normally be good practice for an applicant to give a copy of the notice of appeal to the putative respondent or the putative interested
party.

71. If an appellant has not given a copy of the notice of appeal to the putative respondent or the putative interested party, the Court may
consider giving a direction under Order 59 Rule 8 for the service of the same on such parties if it deems fit.

72. A putative respondent or a putative interested party may apply to be joined as a party to the appeal and the Court shall consider the
particular facts and circumstances of the appeal to decide whether such joinder should be granted.

73. In a case where the putative respondent and the putative interested party indicate that they take a neutral stance and would not seek to
be joined as a party in an appeal against the refusal of leave, if the Court after reading the notice of appeal considers that the appeal may
be determined on paper, it may with the consent of the appellant, direct that the appeal be so determined and give directions to facilitate
the same.

I. Dismissal of Appeals by Consent

74. Where an appellant (other than a minor or person under disability) does not desire to proceed with an appeal, he may present a
request signed by his solicitors stating that he seeks to have the appeal dismissed, in which case (subject to the request being initialled by
a judge of the Court), the appeal will be dismissed with costs and struck out of the list.

75. If the appellant (other than a minor or person under disability) desires to have the appeal dismissed without costs, his request must be
accompanied by a consent signed by the respondent (acting in person) or the respondent’s solicitors stating the respondent’s consent to
the dismissal of the appeal without costs, in which case (subject to the request being initialled by a judge of the Court), the appeal will be
dismissed without costs and struck out of the list.

76. Where any party has no solicitor on record, any such request or consent must be signed by him personally.

77. All other applications as to the dismissal of an appeal and all applications for an order by consent reversing or varying the order
under appeal will be placed in the list and dealt with in Court.

J. Litigants in Person

78. Unless otherwise directed by the Court, all applications and appeals in which the applicant or appellant or respondent is acting in
person will be set down in the first instance for a preliminary directions hearing before the Registrar CA, who will give all such
directions in relation to the preparation of the appeal, as appear best adapted to secure the just, expeditious and economical disposal of
the appeal.

79. The substantive appeal will not be listed before the Court until such directions have been complied with.

K. Commencement date

80. This Practice Direction supersedes Practice Direction 4.1 on Civil Appeals to the Court of Appeal dated 1 March 2017.

81. This Practice Direction shall come into effect on 1 December 2017.

Dated this 23rd day of October 2017.

(Geoffrey Ma)
Chief Justice

Annex 1

Annex 2