UNIVERSITY OF MINES AND TECHNOLOGY, TARKWA

SECOND SEMESTER EXAMINATIONS, MAY 2018

COURSE NO: MN/GL/GM/MR/PE/ES 162

COURSE NAME: APPLIED ELECTRONICS
CLASS: MN/GL/GM/MR/PE/ES I TIME: 3 HOURS

Name: __________________________________________ Index Number: _______________

SECTION A

Carefully read each question and circle the correct answer.

Any cancellation will not be marked.

1. A variation in environmental temperature during measurement can result in measurement

error.
a. True b. False
2. The input stage of an Op-amp is usually a differential amplifier.
a. True b. False
3. As compared to thyristors, diodes provide good regulation to the amount of power applied to
a specific load.
a. True b. False
4. If an input signal is applied to the inverting input of an op-amp with the non-inverting input
grounded, the output signal would be of the same polarity with the input.
a. True b. False
5. A push-pull class B amplifier is typically used for the output stage of the op-amp.
a. True b. False
6. One of the main differences between a bipolar junction transistor and a field effect transistor
is that the bipolar junction transistor has a high voltage gain. T
a. True b. False
7. Systematic errors are associated with the instrument used for measurement and are
consistent.
a. True b. False
8. A Common-Emitter(C-E) configuration of the transistor is so called because the emitter is
connected to both the input and output signals.
a. True b. False
9. The Silicon controlled rectifier can be divided into two transistors namely PNP and NPN.
a. True b. False

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10. The degree of deflection produced by a moving coil-instrument is inversely proportional to
force exerted on the conductor.
a. True b. False
11. A thyristor is a four layer device.
a. True b. False
12. The purpose of the capacitor filter in a rectifier is to convert dc to ac.
a. True b. False
13. For a voltage series feedback, the total voltage applied to the input of the amplifier is the
phasor sum of the source voltage and the fed-back voltage.
a. True b. False
14. Theoretically, a perfect ammeter has a huge resistance as such there is significantly a large
voltage drop across it.
a. True b. False
15. One of the advantages of positive feedback system is the reduction in noise of the system.
a. True b. False
16. The terminals of the moving-coil instrument must be marked positive and negative to ensure
that the current passes through the coil in the correct direction.
a. True b. False
17. In a full wave bridge rectifier, only two diodes are used.
a. True b. False
18. Current-shunt feedback network tends to increase the input impedance and decrease the
output impedance.
a. True b. False
19. To adjust the speed or torque of the motor over a wide operating range, a thyristor can be
employed.
a. True b. False
20. An alternative name for the Zener diode is the voltage reference diode.
a. True b. False
21. The large current at breakdown of the Zener diode is brought about by avalanche effect only.
a. True b. False
22. The open loop (AOL) for the current-series feedback is Vi/Io.
a. True b. False
23. The Zener diode is lightly doped when compared to an ordinary diode.
a. True b. False

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24. Parallax errors is a common disadvantage associated with analogue instruments.
a. True b. False
25. The forward voltage drop for a germanium diode is 0.7 V and for a silicon diode is 0.3 V.
a. True b. False
26. In feedback systems, voltage refers to connecting the output voltage in series to the input to
feedback network.
a. True b. False
27. N-type semiconductor material has very few electrons.
a. True b. False
28. Reverse bias is the condition that allows current through a p-n junction.
a. True b. False
29. Cathode ray oscilloscope is not a measuring instrument.
a. True b. False
30. An open loop system is a system without a feedback.
a. True b. False
31. In general, a semiconductor can be regarded as ‘pure’ when impurities are less than 1 part in
1010 .
a. True b. False
32. The movement of electrons and holes throughout the semiconductor is the mechanism by
which current is carried.
a. True b. False
33. Positive feedback is also known as degenerative feedback.
a. True b. False
34. The resistivity of insulators and semiconductors increases with increase in temperature.
a. True b. False
35. Cathode ray oscilloscope is not a measuring instrument.
a. True b. False
36. Electrons near the nucleus have less energy than those in more distant orbits.
a. True b. False
37. Operational amplifiers operate with two ac supply voltages, one positive and the other
negative.
a. True b. False

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38. Mica is a good conductor.
a. True b. False
39. The controlling force acts in opposition to the deflecting force and ensures that the deflection
shown on the meter is always the same for a given measured quantity.
a. True b. False
40. MOSFET means metal-oxide silicon field-effect transistor.
a. True b. False
41. An operational amplifier is an 8-pin dual-in-line (DIL) integrated circuit.
a. True b. False
42. The degree to which an instrument will consistently produce equal measurements is called
“accuracy”.
a. True b. False
43. Semiconductors have five valence electrons in their atomic structures.
a. True b. False
44. An ammeter is wired in parallel with the load in a circuit, while the voltmeter is wired in
series.
a. True b. False
45. A diode, transistor and moving-coil instrument are examples of solid state devices.
a. True b. False
46. The depletion region is so called because it is depleted of charge carriers.
a. True b. False
47. Pin 6 of the operational amplifier integrated circuit is the out pin.
a. True b. False
48. A wattmeter is used for the measurement of electrical current.
a. True b. False
49. Noise is an undesired signal that affects the quality of a desired signal.
a. True b. False
50. Holes are majority charge carriers in p-type semiconductors.
a. True b. False
51. A practical operational amplifier has a zero drift.
a. True b. False

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52. When an incident light falls on Si its conductivity decreases.
a. True b. False
53. For a double ended differential mode amplifier two signals of opposite polarity are applied to
one of the inputs and the other input is grounded.
a. True b. False
54. When arsenic impurities are used to dope pure silicon, a P-type semiconductor is formed.
a. True b. False
55. The common-mode input impedance is the resistance between the inverting and the non -
inverting input.
a. True b. False
56. For a common mode amplifier, the output voltage is zero.
a. True b. False
57. The three terminals of a bipolar junction transistor are the emitter, base and gate.
a. True b. False
58. For the pnp transistor action, conventional current flow is in the direction of electron flow.
a. True b. False
59. The lower the open-loop gain with respect to the common-mode gain, the better the
performance of the op-amp in terms of rejection of common-mode signals.
a. True b. False
60. In the cut-off mode of operation of the transistor, the base-emitter junction is forward-biased
and the base-collector (BC) junction is reverse-biased and the transistor is on.
a. True b. False
61. A CMRR of 100,000 means that the desired input signal is amplified 100,000 times more
than the unwanted noise.
a. True b. False
62. In the common-base configuration of the npn transistor, the input and output current are IE
and IC respectively and the output voltage is VCE .
a. True b. False
63. The output characteristics of a common-emitter configuration basically indicates that IC is
largely dependent on IB such that VCB has little effect on IC.
a. True b. False

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64. βDC is always greater than 1.
a. True b. False
65. For an inverting amplifier the amplified output signal is 180° out of phase with the input
signal.
a. True b. False
66. To use the transistor as a switch it must be operated at the active region only.
a. True b. Answer
67. In order for a BJT to operate properly as an amplifier, the two p-n junctions must be correctly
biased with external dc voltages.
a. True b. False
68. Typically, IC is equal to 0.99 IB so that IB is equal to 0.01 IE.
a. True b. False
69. The ratio of the dc collector current (IC) to the dc emitter current (IE) is the beta dc (βDC).
a. True b. False
70. The transfer characteristics of a common-emitter configuration is a graph that shows the
relationship between IB and IC.
a. True b. False
71. In between cut-off and saturation along the DC load line is the active region of the
transistor’s operation.
a. True b. False
72. In between cut-off and saturation along the DC load line is the active region of the
transistor’s operation.
a. True b. False
73. The base and the collector of the bipolar junction transistor is lightly doped and the emitter
are heavily doped.
a. True b. False
74. In npn transistor, the base-collector junction is reversed biased for minority carriers, but a
small leakage current, ICBO flows from the collector to the base due to thermally generated
majority carriers.
a. True b. False
75. Silver is the most widely used conductive material because it is less expensive.
a. True b. False

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76. The avalanche effect, results from the charge carriers that are moving at sufficient speed to
break covalent bonds by collision.
a. True b. False
77. The net charge of a neutral copper is -1.
a. True b. False
78. At absolute zero temperature an intrinsic semiconductor has no holes or free electrons.
a. True b. False
79. A valence electron of a conductor is also called bound electron.
a. True b. False

80. The feedback gain (β) for the current-shunt feedback network is Io/If.
a. True b. False

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 SECTION B
ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS
Q1.
a. A moving coil ammeter has a fixed shunt of 0.03 Ω with coil circuit resistance of 1.5 kΩ
that needs a potential of 0.6 V across it for full scale deflection.
i. What total current does this correspond to?
ii. Calculate the value of shunt resistance to give a full scale deflection when total
current is 12 A and 76 A.
b. Label the letters A-F in the diagram Figure 1. What type of instrument is this?

Figure 1

c. Figure 2 shows a forward biased silicon diode with an internal dynamic resistance r'd of
15 Ω.
RLIMIT

5 kΩ

VBIAS 12 V

Figure 2 Forward Biased Silicon Diode

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 Determine the following parameters.
i. Forward current (IF) for an ideal silicon diode.
ii. Voltage across the limiting resistor for an ideal silicon diode
iii. Forward current (IF) for a practical silicon diode.
iv. Forward current (IF) for a complete silicon diode.
v. Forward voltage (VF) for the complete silicon diode.
vi. Voltage across the limiting resistor for a complete silicon diode
d. Sketch the symbols for the following and label their terminals
i. Zener diode
ii. PNP transistor
iii. Operational amplifier
iv. Thyristor
e. List 4 advantages of negative feedback

Q2.
a. State the 3 basic modes of operation for a thyristor.
b. State 4 applications of a thyristor
c. Draw and label the Static V-I Characteristics of Thyristors (SCR)
d. For the summer amplifier in Figure 3, prove that the output voltage
Vo   ACL (V1  V2  V3 ) .

Figure 3
e. Draw the graphs of resistivity against temperature for insulators, semiconductors and
conductors.
f. Draw and label the output characteristics of common-emitter configured transistor and
indicate on the DC load line the cut off region, active region and saturation region.
g. Draw and label the block diagram of the voltage-shunt feedback.
h. Mention 4 instruments used for the measurement of electrical signals.

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i. Given the silicon transistor shown in Figure 4. Determine the following: IB, IC, IE, VBE,
VCE and VCB. Assume the transistor has a  dc  100 .

Figure 4

Examiners: R. A. Ofosu/ I. Aidoo

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