L – 2.

OPTICS
VI. Answer briefly :

1. What is refractive index?

Ans : µ = Cair / Cmedium
The ratio of speed of light in air to the speed of light in medium is refractive index.

2. State Snell’s law.

sin i µ2
Ans : =
sin r µ1
The ratio of sine of angle of incidence to the sine of angle of refraction is equal to the
ratio of refractive index of two medium.

3. Draw a ray diagram to show the image formed by a convex lens when the object is
placed Between F and 2F.
Ans :

4. Define dispersion of light.

Ans : The splitting of white light into seven colours.

5. State Rayleigh’s law of scattering.

1
Ans : Sα
𝜆4
Amount of scattering (S) is inversely proportional to fourth power of
wavelength.

6. Differentiate convex lens and concave lens.

Ans :
Convex lens Concave lens
Thicker in the middle Thinner in the middle
Converging lens Diverging lens
Produces mostly real images Produces virtual images
Treat Hypermetropia Treat Myopia

7. What is power of accommodation of eye?

Ans : Ability of the eyelens to adjust the focal length to see nearby and farby
Objects clearly.
V.SENTHILKUMAR
8. What are the causes of Myopia?
Ans : * Elongation of eyeball.
* Focal length is reduced.
* Distance between eyelens & retina increases.

9. Why does the sky appear in blue colour?

Ans : Blue colour has shorter wavelength & scatters more.

10. Why are traffic signals red in colour?

Ans : Red colour bends the least & has greater wavelength.

VII. Detail :
1. List any five properties of light.
Ans : * Light is a form of energy.
* Light travels in a straight line.
* Light can even travel through vacuum.
* Speed of light in vacuum is 3 x 108 m/s
* Light is in the form of transverse waves. c = ν λ
* Different coloured light has different wavelength.
* Violet colour has the shortest wavelength and Red colour has the longest
Wavelength.
* When light is incident on two medium , it is partly reflected and partly refracted.

2. Explain the rules for obtaining images formed by a convex lens with the help of ray
diagram.
Ans :
* Rule 1 : When a ray of light passes through optical centre, after refraction it follows
the same path.

* Rule 2 : When a ray of light is parallel to principal axis, after refraction it passes through
principal focus.

V.SENTHILKUMAR
 * Rule 3 : When a ray of light passes through principal focus, after
Refraction, is parallel to principal axis

3. Differentiate the eye defects : Myopia and Hypermetropia.

Ans :
Myopia Hypermetropia
Shortsightedness Longsightedness
Can see nearby objects clearly Can see farby objects clearly
Focal length reduced Focal length increased
Distance between eyelens & retina Distance between eyelens & retina
increases decreases
Image formed infront of retina Image formed behind the retina
Corrected using concave lens Corrected using convex lens
Far point comes closer Near point moves farther

4. Explain the construction & working of a compound microscope.

Ans :

* It is used to see tiny objets clearly.

* It consists of two convex lens.
* Shorter convex lens is placed near the objet & called objective lens.
* Longer convex lens is placed near the observer eye & called eye lens.
Working :
* Place the object between F1 & 2F1 of objective lens.
* Real , inverted & magnified image is formed on the other side.
* Image formed act as a object for eyelens.
* Image is placed between O & F1 of eyelens.
* Virtual, erect & enlarged image is formed on same side.

V.SENTHILKUMAR
 IX. Higher order thinking (HOT) questions:
1. While doing an experiment for the determination of focal length of a convex lens,
Raja Suddenly dropped the lens. It got broken into two halves along the axis. If he
continues his experiment with the same lens,
(a) can he get the image? (b) Is there any change in the focal length?

Solution :
(a) Yes , he can get the image.
(b) No there is no change in the focal length of a convex lens, only it’s intensity changes.

2. The eyes of the nocturnal birds like owl are having a large cornea and a large pupil.
How does it help them?
Ans : Owl has a large pupil so that it provides a larger pathway for light to flow towards
The retina and the larger cornea forms the bigger image of the insects on the retina.

FORMULAE :

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
• = -
𝐟 𝐯 𝐮

𝟏
• p=
𝐟

𝐯
• m=
𝐮

𝒉𝒊
• m=
𝒉𝒐

𝒉𝒊 𝐯
• =
𝒉𝒐 𝐮

𝐜
• μ =
𝐯

𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐢 𝛍𝟐
• =
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐫 𝛍𝟏

• For Myopia ,
𝐱𝐲
f=
𝐱−𝐲
• For Hypermetropia ,
𝐝𝐃
f=
𝐝−𝐃

V.SENTHILKUMAR
 VIII. Numerical Problems:
1. An object is placed at a distance 20cm from a convex lens of focal length 10cm. Find
the image distance and nature of the image.
CONVEX LENS
1x2 1 1
u = -20cm - =
10x2 20 v
f = 10 cm
2−1 1
v = ______ =
20 v
Nature of the image = ______
1 1 1 1 1
= - =
f v u 20 v

1 1 1
= - v = 20 cm
10 v −20

1 1 1
= + 20 Since the image is formed at 2F2 , the
10 v
nature of the image is real and inverted

2. An object of height 3cm is placed at 10cm from a concave lens of focal length 15cm.
Find the size of the image.
CONCAVE LENS
−5 1
ho = 3 cm =v
30
−1 1
u = -10 cm =
6 v
f = -15cm v = - 6 cm
ℎ𝑖 v
hi = ______ =
ℎ𝑜 u
ℎ𝑖 −6
=
3 −10
1 1 1
= - hi x 10 = 6 x 3
f v u
6 x3
hi = 10
−1 1 1 18
= - hi =
15 v −10 10
hi = 1.8 cm
−1 1 1
= +
15 v 10

−1x2 1x3 1
- =
15x2 10x3 v

−2−3 1
=v
30

V.SENTHILKUMAR