DIGITAL IMAGE

PROCESSING
Complex engineering problem
GROUP MEMBERS
RABIAH KHANUM 20-EE-49
AYESHA WASIF 20-EE-62
MUHAMMAD TAHA 20-EE-118
AHTASHAM AKHTAR 20-EE-123
SARA AIZED 20-EE-152
MUHAMMAD UMER 19-EE-150
 01 - OBJECTIVE:
Design an algorithm in MATLAB to segment out the region of interest, i.e., the melanoma region, from the dermoscopic
image.

The text proposes an algorithm to separate a melanoma area from the background in a shared ground truth image and
dermoscopic images.

Hairs are removed, followed by a melanoma mask threshold to create a non-melanoma zone in black and a white region.

The region is then contrasted with the original image using segmentation formulas like Jaccard Index and Dice Coefficient.
 Melanoma, a malignant skin cancer, is on
the rise globally, highlighting the urgent
need for effective detection and
treatment strategies.

02- IMPORTANCE:
Early detection and treatment of
melanoma significantly improves survival
rates, enhancing patients' chances of
successful outcomes and prolonged life
expectancy.
 03-STRUCTURING ELEMENT

A key idea in the processing of morphological images is the structural element.

It is a tiny, usually binary image or a neighborhood that has a predetermined size and shape that is used to

manipulate an input image through various operations like dilation, erosion, opening, and closing.

These actions are essential for sculpting, emphasizing, or reducing the visibility of specific features in an image.
 04-MORPHOLOGICAL OPERATIONS

Concept Concept Concept

Dilation expands the boundaries of
objects in a binary image or
thickens structures in a grayscale
image. It is useful for joining broken
parts of an object, filling in gaps,
and generally increasing the size of
objects.
Closing is a sequence of dilation
followed by erosion. It is useful for
closing small gaps, connecting
broken structures, and smoothing
object contours..
The bottom-hat operation is a
morphological operation in image
processing. It is the difference
between the closing of an image
and the original image.

DILATION BOTTOM
( ⊕) CLOSING ( ∙ )
-HAT

Erosion
⊖
( )
Opening
(∘)
TOP-HAT

Concept concept Concept

Erosion erodes away the Opening is a sequence of erosion Top-Hat filtering is the subtraction
boundaries of objects in a binary followed by dilation. It is useful for of an opened image from the
image or thins structures in a removing small objects, smoothing original image. It emphasizes bright
grayscale image. It is useful for object contours, and separating structures or details while
removing small details or noise, overlapping objects. suppressing the background,
separating connected objects, and making it useful for enhancing fine
generally reducing the size of details.
objects
 04-MORPHOLOGICAL OPERATIONS

DILATION BOTTOM
( ⊕) CLOSING ( ∙ )
-HAT

Erosion
⊖
( )
Opening
(∘)
TOP-HAT
05-THRESHOLDING
Thresholding is a fundamental image processing technique used to convert
grayscale or color image into a binary image.
The process involves selecting a threshold value and assigning pixel values based
on whether they are above or below the threshold.
Pixels with intensity values above the threshold are set to one, while those below
are set to zero in a binary image
This technique is particularly useful for segmenting objects from the background
in an image, simplifying subsequent analysis.
The choice of the threshold value is critical and depends on the characteristics of
the image and the specific features of interest
 06-FILTERING
In the context of image processing, filters are often represented by
convolution kernels that are applied to each pixel in the image,
altering its intensity based on the surrounding pixel values.
There are various types of filters, including linear filters (such as
Gaussian and mean filters) and non-linear filters (such as median and
morphological filters).
The choice of filter depends on the specific goals of the image
processing task.
 07- STEPS FOR METHODOLOGY

1- IMAGE ACQUISITION
1 2- HAIR REMOVAL
1

3- GRAYSCALE 4- BINARY MASK

1 1
CONVERSION GENERATION

6- SEGMENTATION
5- MASK ADJUSTMENT
1 1
PERFROMANCE EVALUATION

7- MELANOMA
1
SEGMENTATION
1st STEP

2nd STEP
3rd STEP

4th STEP
5th STEP

6th STEP
7th STEP
 08-Conclusion

The project proved effective in segmenting melanoma regions from dermoscopic images,
addressing challenges such as hair artifacts and ensuring accurate identification. The
combination of morphological operations, thresholding, and quantitative evaluation metrics
establishes a comprehensive approach for automated melanoma segmentation, contributing
to the broader field of computer-aided diagnostics in dermatology.