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  • Session 1 - The Origin of Bio-Potentials

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    Gnanasaravanan 2508
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    The document discusses the origin of bio-potentials in the body. It explains that ions such as sodium, potassium, and chloride in the fluids surrounding cells create a conductive environment. At rest, a polarized cell has a potential of -60 to -100mV called the resting potential. When stimulated, the cell depolarizes as the outer membrane becomes negative, creating an action potential. The cell then repolarizes through sodium pumping, returning it to the resting potential. Common bioelectric signals include ECG, EEG, EMG, EOG, and PCG, which are generated through ion movement in body fluids.

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    Origin of biopotential, galvani experiment

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    session 1- The origin of Bio-potentials

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    The document discusses the origin of bio-potentials in the body. It explains that ions such as sodium, potassium, and chloride in the fluids surrounding cells create a conductive environment. At rest, a polarized cell has a potential of -60 to -100mV called the resting potential. When stimulated, the cell depolarizes as the outer membrane becomes negative, creating an action potential. The cell then repolarizes through sodium pumping, returning it to the resting potential. Common bioelectric signals include ECG, EEG, EMG, EOG, and PCG, which are generated through ion movement in body fluids.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    6 views7 pages

    Session 1 - The Origin of Bio-Potentials

    Uploaded by

    Gnanasaravanan 2508
    The document discusses the origin of bio-potentials in the body. It explains that ions such as sodium, potassium, and chloride in the fluids surrounding cells create a conductive environment. At rest, a polarized cell has a potential of -60 to -100mV called the resting potential. When stimulated, the cell depolarizes as the outer membrane becomes negative, creating an action potential. The cell then repolarizes through sodium pumping, returning it to the resting potential. Common bioelectric signals include ECG, EEG, EMG, EOG, and PCG, which are generated through ion movement in body fluids.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    The origin of Bio-potentials

    Reference: Khandpur, R.S., “Handbook of Biomedical Instrumentation”, TATA McGraw-Hill, New Delhi, 2003.
    Reference: Khandpur, R.S., “Handbook of Biomedical Instrumentation”, TATA McGraw-Hill, New Delhi, 2003.
    Ions:
     Surrounding the cells within the body are the fluids
    - These fluids act as a conductive solutions containing charged
    atoms known as Ions
    The principle ions are Sodium (Na) , Potassium (K+), and Chloride
    (Cl-)

    Reference: Khandpur, R.S., “Handbook of Biomedical Instrumentation”, TATA McGraw-Hill, New Delhi, 2003.
    Resting Potential:

    Reference: Leislie Cromwell, “Biomedical instrumentation and measurement”, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi,
    A cell in the resting state is said to be “Polarized”
    The Resting potential will be in a range of -60 to -100mV
    When the cell is exited or stimulated by some form of externally applied
    energy, the outer side of the cell membrane becomes momentarily Negative
    w.r.t the interior . This process is called “Depolarization”
    - The potential measured at this stage is called as “Action Potential”

    Reference: Leislie Cromwell, “Biomedical instrumentation and


    measurement”, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi,
    By the passage of time, by an Active process Called “Sodium Pumping”,
    the sodium ions are quickly pumped to the outer side of the cell and the cell
    again becomes Polarized and assumes its Resting potential
    - This process is called
    “Repolarization”

    Reference: Leislie Cromwell, “Biomedical instrumentation and measurement”, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi,
    Bio – Electric Signals:
    A Bioelectric signal is any signal in living beings that can be continually
    measured and monitored. Sometimes it is also called as Biosignal.
    The best-known bioelectrical signals are:
    1. Electro-cardiogram (ECG)
    2. Electro-encephalogram (EEG)
    3. Electro-myogram (EMG)
    4. Electro-oculography (EOG)
    5. Phoho Cardiogarm (PCG)

    Note:
    The currents involved in bioelectricity are not like currents involved in electronics .
    Bioelectric currents are due to positive and negative ion movement within the
    conductive fluid
    Reference: Khandpur, R.S., “Handbook of Biomedical Instrumentation”, TATA McGraw-Hill, New Delhi, 2003.

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