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だ
See also: た and Appendix:Variations of "da"

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1 Japanese
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1.3 Etymology 2
1.3.1 Verb だ U+3060 , だ
HIRAGANA LETTER DA
Donations 1.3.1.1 Usage notes Composition: た [U+305F] + ◌゙ [U+3099]
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1.3.1.2 Conjugation
1.3.1.3 Synonyms ←た ち→
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1.3.1.4 See also [U+305F] [U+3061]
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Print/export IPA(key): [da̠]

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Download as PDF Etymology 1 ​[ edit ]
Printable version
The hiragana character た ‎(ta‎) with a dakuten (゛).
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Syllable ​[ edit ]
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Show see also だ • (da)
Hide synonyms 1. The hiragana syllable だ ‎(da‎). Its equivalent in katakana is ダ ‎(da‎).
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See also ​[ edit ]
In other languages
(Hiragana) 平仮名; あぁ, いぃ, うぅゔ, えぇ, おぉ, かゕが, きぎ, くぐ, けゖげ, こ𛄲ご,
‫العربية‬
さざ, しじ, すず, せぜ, そぞ, ただ, ちぢ, つっづ, てで, とど, な, に, ぬ, ね, の, はば
Deutsch
Español ぱ, ひびぴ, ふぶぷ, へべぺ, ほぼぽ, ま, み, む, め, も, やゃ, 𛀆, ゆゅ, 𛀁, よょ, らら゚,
Français りり゚, るる゚, れれ゚, ろろ゚, わゎわ゙, ゐ𛅐ゐ゙, 𛄟, ゑ𛅑ゑ゙, を𛅒を゙, ん, ー, ゝ,
한국어 ゞ, ゟ
日本語
Português Etymology 2 ​[ edit ]
Русский
Forms beginning with だ or で: From the particle で ‎(de‎) or である ‎(de aru‎). The lemma form
中文
だ itself is a contraction of であ, clipping of である ‎(de aru‎).
14 more Forms beginning with な: From classical Japanese なる ‎(naru‎), whence Modern Japanese な
‎(na, na-inflection ending‎).
If you have time, leave us a
note. Verb ​[ edit ]

だ • (da)
1. (auxiliary) Following parts of speech that do not inflect by themselves, including nouns, na-
adjectives, adverbs and postpositional phrases.
1. to be
かれ む じつ
彼は無 実だ。
Kare wa mujitsu da.
He is innocent.
ふゆやす あした
冬 休みは明日からだ。
Fuyu yasumi wa ashita kara da.
Winter vacation is from tomorrow. (Winter vacation starts from tomorrow.)
わたし こ ども ころ
私 が子 供だった頃
watashi ga kodomo datta koro
when I was a child
び じん やさ ひと
美 人で優しい人
bijin de yasashii hito
a person who is beautiful and kind
だいがくせい
大 学 生ならこれくらいはできるはずです。
Daigakusei nara kore kurai wa dekiru hazu desu.
This should be easy for a college student.

2. should; be obliged to; ought to

お ぶつ しょうどく
汚 物は 消 毒だ。
Obutsu wa shōdoku da.
The filth should be disinfected.
か
お代わりだ。
Okawari da.
(Of a second helping) one more please.
に ど く
二度と来るんじゃない！
Nido to kuru n ja nai!
Never come again!

2. (auxiliary) Some forms also follow inflectable words.

1. です follows i-adjectives, as the standard polite terminal form for i-adjectives.
おそ
遅いですね。
Osoi desu ne.
You are too slow.

2. だろう / でしょう / なら can follow any inflectable word, forming suppletive

volitional/polite volitional/conditional forms.
の の
飲むなら乗るな！
Nomu nara noru na!
If you are to drink, don't drive!
かれ せいこう
彼はきっと成 功するだろう。
Kare wa kitto seikō suru darō.
He will sure succeed.

3. (auxiliary) Not following any words, but used before some conjunctives or in some inflected
forms, to represent the aforementioned statement.
やま し
山をなめてはいけない。でないと死んじゃうよ。
Yama o namete wa ikenai. De nai to shinjau yo.
Don't underestimate the difficulty of mountaineering. If you do, you could die.

Usage notes ​[ edit ]

だ is the only commonly used modern Japanese verb with the terminal form (終止形) distinct
from the attributive form (連体形). As relative clauses in Japanese are syntactically equivalent to
attributives, relative clauses must end in the attributive form. Thus だ, as a terminal form, cannot
appear at the end of a relative clause. The following forms are used instead of だ in such places:
Use の after nouns, adverbs or prepositional phrases. But use な before the nominalizer の.
がくせい
学 生のアリス
gakusei no Arisu
Alice, who is a student

ここまでのあらすじ
koko made no arasuji
the plot summary up to now
あとあじ とくちょう
後 味もすっきりなのが特 徴 です。
Atoaji mo sukkiri na no ga tokuchō desu.
That the aftertaste is refreshing too is its distinguishing feature.
きょう やす はや お
今日は休みなので早 起きしてなかった。
Kyō wa yasumi na no de hayaoki shite nakatta.
I didn't get up early because it is a holiday today.

Use な after a na-adjective.

じっ か ゆうふく ゆうじん
実 家が裕 福な友 人
jikka ga yūfuku na yūjin
a friend whose family is rich

Alternatively, である can be used when following nouns and denoting the meaning "to be".
がくせい
学 生であるアリス
gakusei de aru Arisu
Alice, who is a student

This word is phonologically an enclitic, similar to particles. It is classified as 助動詞 ‎(jodōshi,

“auxiliary verb”‎) in traditional Japanese grammar.

Conjugation ​[ edit ]
Conjugation of "だ" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.) [show ▼]

Synonyms ​[ edit ]
である ‎(de aru‎)
や ‎(ya‎) (Kansai dialect)
じゃ ‎(ja‎) (Some western dialects. Also used in archaic speech in fictional characters or as slang)
じゃい ‎(jai‎) (dialect or slang)
See also ​[ edit ]
です ‎(desu‎) (polite)
ございます ‎(gozaimasu‎) (humble)
Japanese basic inflections [show ▼]

Etymology 3 ​[ edit ]

Pronoun ​[ edit ]

だ • (da)
1. (Tsugaru) who [synonym ▲] [quotations ▼]
Synonym: (standard Japanese) だれ ‎(dare‎)

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This page was last edited on 31 August 2023, at 00:28.

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