MANAGEMENT
and influencing task-related
Defined as the achievement of
organizational objectives
through people and other
resources.
Decision making
is the process by which a
decision making determines the
available alternatives and
chooses the best solution that
suits a given problem.
Organization
the process of establishing
objectives and suitable
courses of action before
taking action.
Organizing
the process of arranging an
organization’s structure and
coordinating its managerial
practices and use of resources
to achieve its goals.
Staffing
Refers to the process of
recruiting, placing, training,
and developing personnel.
Communicating
refers to transferring
information from one
communicator to another.
Motivating
refers to the act of giving
employees reasons or
incentives to work in order to
achieve organizational
objectives.
Leading
is the process of directing
activities of organization
member.
Staffing
Is the process of monitoring
actual organizational
activities to see that they
conform to planned activities
and correcting deviations or
flaws.
What is MANAGER?
Is one who plans, organizes,
leads, and controls other
individuals in the process of
pursuing organizational goals
The levels of Managers
1. Top managers
2. Middle Managers
3. Lower level Managers
Types of Managers
1. Line managers
2. Staff Managers
3. Administrators
Management Skills
1. Technical Skills – refers
to abilities to use
special proficiencies or
expertise in performing
specific task.
2. Human Skills – refers to
the abilities to work
well in cooperation with
other persons; whether
they are subordinates,
peers, or superiors.
3. Conceptual Skills refer
to the ability of the
manager to see the
organization as whole
 and to solve problems in a. Division of Labor. This
ways that benefit the means breaking a job
total system. into specialized task to
increase productivity.
Managerial Roles
b. Authority. This is the
Interpersonal Roles– plays to right of a person in
interact others. position to give orders
and the power to exact
 Figurehead obedience.
 Leader c. Discipline. This provides
 Liason uniform application of
behaviour to certain
Informational Roles activities; the outcome
 Monitor of which is readily
predicted.
 Disseminator
d. Unity of Command. This
 Spokesperson means that each employee
3. Decision Roles must have only one
supervisor.
 Entrepreneur e. Unity of Direction. This
 Disturbance handler means that the efforts of
 Resource Allocator everyone in the
organization must be
What is Organization? coordinated and focused
Is a collection of people in the same direction.
working together to achieve a f. Subordination of the
common purpose. Individual Interests to
the General Interest.
ORGANIZATION This means that the
goals of the organization
 Government should take precedence
1. Corporate over individual goals.
2. Non-Corporate g. Remuneration. Employees
 Private should be paid fairly in
1. Profit accordance with their
2. Not-to-Profit contribution in the
Common Characteristics of organization
Organization h. Centralization. Power
and authority must be
1. Coordination of Effort centralized as much as
2. Common Goal or Purpose practicable.
3. Division of Labor i. Scalar Chain. This means
4. Hierarchy of Authority that subordinates should
Basic Principles of Management observe the official
and Organization chain of command.
j. Order. This means that
Management Principles. human and non-human
 resources must be in entity engaged in commercial,
their proper place. industrial, or professional
k. Equity. This is the activities.
result of kindliness and
Businesses can be for-profit
justice and is a
entities or they can be non-
principle to guide
profit organizations that
management and employee
operate to fulfill a
relations.
charitable mission or further
l. Stability of Tenure. High
a social cause.
employee turnover is
counterproductive. Businesses range in scale from
m. Initiative. Management sole proprietorships to
should encourage employee international corporations and
to act on their own can range in size from small
volition when confronted to large
with opportunity to
solve a problem. Kinds of Business
n. Esprit de Corps. This Commerce-Business firms, which
means that managers are engaged in buying and
should emphasize teamwork selling of goods and services
by building harmony and a as commerce.
sense of unity among
employee.

Basic Principles of Management Industry-Industries are those,

and Organization
 Principles of
Organization.
 Principle of Objective.
 Principle of Analysis
 Principle of Simplicity
 Principle of
Functionalization
BUSINESS AND ITS ENVIRONMENT
What is Business?
Defined as all profit-seeking
activities and enterprises
that provide goods and
services necessary to an
economic system
The term business refers to an
organization or enterprising
which are mainly engaged in
production.
Services-A service business is
one, which sells service to
buyer
Service firms may be
classified as:
a. Recreation
b. Personal
c. Finance
Industry Business may be
further classified into:
Genetic industries are those
involved in agriculture,
forestry, and fish culture
Extractive industries are
those involved in the
extraction of goods from
natural resources, which
include mining, lumbering,
hunting, and fishing
Manufacturing convert raw
materials into finished
products
Construction industries are
those engaged in building
infrastructures
THE ENVIRONMENT OF BUSINESS
FIRM
The External Environment
-consist of elements outside
an organization that are
relevant to business
operations.
Types of Elements in the
External Environment
Direct Action Elements.
Indirect Action Elements.
BUSINESS FIRM
 Direct Action Elements
 Consumers
 Competitors
 Labor unions
 Suppliers
 Financial institutions
 Government agencies
Indirect Action Elements
 Technological variables
 Economic variables
 Political-legal variables
 Socio-cultural variables
 International variables
Types of Business Environment
Static and Dynamic
Dimensions of Environmental
Uncertainty
Complexity
Rate of Change in these
Factors
What is Business Ethics?
Ethics- refers to the study of
morals and moral choices of
human being.
 is a system of moral
principles
 Greek word ethos which
can mean custom, habit,
character or disposition
Business Ethics-
The moral principles defining
right and wrong behavior of
businessperson and their agent
Truth in Lending Act
-requiring financial
institution to take some
ethical actions “ to protect
citizens from lack of
awareness of the true cost of
credit to the user
Anti-Trust Laws
- Prohibits businesses from
merging to effectively
monopolize a certain industry
Areas of Concern for Business
Ethics
Law and regulations
promulgated by the government;
and
Specific ethical required but
not yet passed into law
The following are concerns
relating to laws and
regulations requiring ethical
behaviour:
Product safety and quality;
Fair employment practise;
Fair marketing and selling
practices
The use confidential
information for personal gain;
Community involvement
Bribery; and
Illegal payments to foreign
governments to obtain
business.
The improvement of Ethical
Performance
1. Ethics Training
2. Ethical Advocates
3. Ethical Codes
4. Whistle-Blowing
What is Social Responsibility
-Refers to the concern of
business for the welfare of
the society.
BENEFITS AND COST OF SOCIAL
ACTION
Benefits
Improved Employee Satisfaction
and Motivation
Becoming More Aware of
Changing Consumer Tastes and
Preferences
Greater Demand for the
Company’s Products and
Services
Preference for Socially
Responsible Companies by
Investor.
Elimination of Legislative
Controls on Business activity.
BENEFITS AND COST OF SOCIAL
ACTION
Cost
Money Spent in Support of
Social Projects.
Reduction of Competitive.
Government Regulations May
Also be Imposed.
SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
STRATEGIES
Reaction Strategy
Defense Strategy
Accommodation Strategy
Proactive Strategy