Topic

1. Environment v/s Development: Defn Of Envirnmnt, Environmentalism,Environmental

Protection Policy, Environmental Policy Instruments.

Environmental policy instruments are measures taken by governments to address the pollution of
air, water, solid waste, and the depletion of natural resources and to achieve environmental
governance.

Environmental policy, any measure by a government or corporation or other public or private

organization regarding the effects of human activities on the environment, particularly those
measures that are designed to prevent or reduce harmful effects of human activities on ecosystems.

Environmentalism is a movement that arose in response to global environmental crises. It

encompasses theories about the nature and causes of environmental problems, moral views about
our relation to nature, and attempts to define and bring about an environmentally sound society.
Environmentalism as a movement covers broad areas of institutional oppression, including for
example: consumption of ecosystems and natural resources into waste, dumping waste into
disadvantaged communities, air pollution, water pollution, weak infrastructure, exposure of organic
life to toxins, mono-culture,

Environment can be defined as a sum total of all the living and non-living elements and their effects
that influence human life. While all living or biotic elements are animals, plants, forests, fisheries,
and birds, non-living or abiotic elements include water, land, sunlight, rocks, and air.

As per air quality report by IQ Air for the year 2020, which country had the highest number of
polluted cities in top 100 polluted cities of the world?

[A] USA

[B] China

[C] Japan

[D] India

Ans: D [India]

Explanation:
As per a recent air quality report by IQAir, India has the most number of cities in top 100 polluted
cities across the globe. India has 46 of the world’s 100 most polluted cities followed by China with 42
cities and Pakistan with 6 cities.

Hotan, in China’s Xinjiang, had the worst air quality in 2020. Among the top 10 most polluted cities
of the world, 9 are located in India

As per the recent study of CEEW, which state had the highest number of forest fire incidences in the
last two decades?

[A] Rajasthan

[B] Mizoram

[C] West Bengal

[D] Arunachal Pradesh

Ans:B [Mizoram]

Explanation:

According to a study released by the Council on Energy, Environment and Water (CEEW), the
frequency and intensity of forest fires have increased in the past two decades.

The study, ‘Managing Forest Fires in a Changing Climate’, found that there has been a ten-fold
increase in forest fires in the past two decades. More than 62 per cent of Indian states are prone to
high-intensity forest fires. Mizoram had the highest number of forest fires in the last two decades,
with more than 95 per cent of its districts being forest fire hotspots.

As per a recent report, direct link was found between deforestation of Amazon rainforest and the
temperature changes in which country?

[A] India

[B] Japan

[C] Tibet

[D] Indonesia
Ans:C [Tibet]

Explanation:

A new report ‘Teleconnections Among Tipping Elements in the Earth System’ Report, has found a
direct link between deforestation of the Amazon rainforest and the temperature changes in Tibet.

Tibet is situated more than 15,000 km from the rainforest. It revealed the strong link between
climate tipping elements. A tipping point is a threshold beyond which major, irreversible changes
occur in a specific region.

7. Ever since the industrial revolution, by how much has the average temperature of the Earth
increased?

a) 0.24oC

b) 0.6oC

c) 1.2oC

d) 1.8oC

Ans: b

Explanation: Since the industrial revolution, the average temperature of earth has increased by
0.6oC due to consumption of fossil fuels.