ONLINE VOTING SYSTEM FOR AN

STUDENT UNION ELECTION

A Project Report Submitted to Bharathiar University in partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF COMPUTER APPLICATION

Submitted by

M.ANISH

19BCA002

Under the Guidance of

Mr.S.K.Ravichandran M.SC.,M.PHIL.,
(Assistant Professor Department of BCA)

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER APPLICATION

April 2022

V.L.B. JANAKIAMMAL COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE

AUTONOMOUS

Accredited by NAAC Grade 'B++', ISO 9001:2008 Certified

Affiliated to Bharathiar University and Approved by UGC and AICTE

Kovaipudur, Coimbatore-641042
CERTIFICATION
 V.L.B. JANAKIAMMAL COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE
AUTONOMOUS
Reaccredited with 'B++' Grade by NAAC, ISO 9001:2008 Certified
KOVAIPUDUR, COIMBATORE-641042.

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER APPLICATION

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project work entitled "ONLINE VOTING SYSTEM FOR AN
STUDENT UNION ELECTION" is a Bonafide Record of Work done by M.Anish ( 19BCA002 )
submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Award of the degree of BACHELOR OF
COMPUTER APPLICATION of the BHARATHIAR UNIVERSITY during the year 2019-2022, in
the department of BCA at VLB Janakiammal College of Arts and Science, Kovaipudur, Coimbatore
641042, under my supervision and guidance

PROJECT ADVISOR HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT

Viva-Voce Examination held on

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

DECLARATION
 DECLARATION

Im, M.Anish( 19BCA002 ) hereby declare that the project entitled "ONLINE VOTING
SYSTEM FOR AN STUDENT UNION ELECTION" submitted to the Bharathiar University in
partial fulfillment of the award of the BACHELOR OF COMPUTER APPLICATION is an
original project work done under the guidance of Mr.S.K.Ravichandran M.SC., M.PHIL.,
Assistant professor Department of computer application, VLB Janakiammal college of Arts and
Science, kovai pudur,Coimbatore.

PLACE: Coimbatore STUDENT SIGNATURE

DATE: M.Anish
Acknowledgment
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to show my great appreciation to my parents for their continuous

support during all these years. They were the first ones that introduced the amazing world to
me and encourage me to explore the wonderful nature.

I, express my deep sense of gratitude to Thiru N. Surya Kumar, Chairperson

and Managing Trustee of VLBJ Trust and Mrs. Jaishree Santhosh, Secretary and CEO
for providing the resource facilities and encouraging gesture for the completion of this project.

My genuine thanks to Dr. K. Ramamurthi M.Com.,B.L.,MBA.,Ph.D.,Principal

,VLBJanakiammalCollege of Arts and Science, Kovaipudur, Coimbatore-641 042, for providing all
the facilitiesand permitting me to take up this project work.

My sincere thanks to Mr. S. Shanth Gohul, Head of Department of

BCA,VLBJanakiammal college of Arts and Science, Kovaipudur, Coimabtore-641 027, for
providing moral support towards completion of my project work.

My heartfelt thanks to my guide Mr.S.k.Ravichandran, Department of BCA,VLBJCAS,

Kovaipudur, Coimbatore for her valuable advice and guidance. Her timely
suggestions and motivational talk enabled me to complete the dissertation on time. I express
mysincere and profound gratitude to her.

Last, but not least, my Friends, also contributed much of their time and efforts to support
me during my study. Without anyone of them, the work would not have been possible. Thus, I
also want to thank them for their love, support and encouragement
 TABLE OF CONTENT

S.No INDEX PAGE.NO

INTRODUCTION
1. SYNOPSIS
1.1 PROJECT OVERVIEW (modules description)
2. SYSTEM ANALYSIS
2.1EXISTING SYSTEM
2.2 PROPOSED SYSTEM
3. SYSTEM SPECIFICATION
. 3.1 HARDWARE SPECIFICATION
3.2 SOFTWARE SPECIFICATION
4. SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION
4.1INTRODUCTION OF FRONT END
4.1.1 OVERVIEW OF FRONT END
4.2 IRODUCTION OF BACK END
4.2.1 OVERVIEW OF MYSQL
5. SYSTEM DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT
PROCESS
5.1 DATA FLOW DIAGRAM
5.2 ER DIAGRAM
6. DESIGN PROCESS
6.1 INPUT DESIGN
6.2 OUTPUT DESIGN
6.3 DATABASE DESIGN
6.4 DATABASE TABLE DESIGN
7. SYSTEM TESTING AND IMPLEMENTATION
8. CONCLUSION
9. BIBILOGRAPHY
10. CODING
11. APPENDIX
 INRODUCTION

This system is a PHP project that provides an online platform to vote. The system
was developed for a specific school. This project stored the candidate details,
voters details, and etc. the voters in this project are the student of the school,
college and order for them to vote, they must register their system account and
their student ID number is required. After the student registration to the system,
the system admin user will activate the student accounts so they could vote for
their candidates. The system has 3types of users which are the admin, staff, and
voters. The admin can manage all data in this system and the staff has only limited
access to manage the data. This voting system generates a printable report for the
total count of the vote for all candidates. This project was developed using PHP/
MYSQL , MYSQL database,HTML,CSS, Java script and bootstrap for the design.
 1. SYNOPSIS

PROJECT OVERVIEW (Modules Description)

• Registration module
• Admin login
• user login
• Candidate details
• View candidates
• Get voting information
1. REGISTRATION MODULE

In this module the candidates enter their personal details in the given registration form to
create an account

2. ADMIN LOGIN

Administrator login by using his unique username and password with the basic authentication
process in order to maintain security.

3. USER LOGIN

After the registration the user can give the registered username and password to
the corresponding text box.

4. CANDIDATES DETAILS

In this module a candidates details are stored to the database , it deals with the
candidate personal details, life stats, what are the works do to the society these details are
store to the database these details entered by the candidate. It will generate personal details
 5. VIEW CANDIDATES

In this module each and every Candidates details and histories are viewed by
the general peoples.

6. GET VOTING INFORMATION

These module used for the voting results are viewed by the general people. Here the
admin post the Information of the voter details.
 2. SYSTEM ANALYS

EXISTING SYSTEM

Existing system consists of methods like paper based voting, lever

voting machine, punch card, optical voting machine. The main problem with existing system was
time consuming which used to take a lot of time for voting. Paper based voting methods were
used in the existing system which also gave the result of fake voting. This also makes the
entire Process very slow.

DRAWBACKS OF EXISTING SYSTEM

• Calculation of results is very complicated in the existing system.

• This takes a lot of time compared to the proposed system.
• This is completely a manual process.
PROPOSED SYSTEM

In the proposed system, the election process is carried out through website
in which the candidate details and that candidate pledge and mottos are displayed. So it’s easy
for the general peoples to view the pledge. The registered voters will be able to view
the candidates of the election and cast their vote to any of the candidate and finally they can
see the result.

ADVANTAGES OF PROPOSED SYSTEM

• Fast and easy way of conducting Election.

• Voters can see the background of each Candidate.
• Admin can verify the documents and details of Candidate.
• System Generated Unique ID and Password gives more Secure Logins
 3. SYSTEM SPECIFICATION

Hardware specification

• Processor : Pentium IV
• Hard disk capacity : 40 GB
• RAM : 2 GB
• Monitor : 14 “Monitor
• Keyboard : Logitech of 104 keys
• Mouse : Logitech mouse

Software specification

• FRONT END : PHP

• BACK END : MYSQL
• OPERATING SYSTEM : Windows 10 pro
 4. SOFTWARE DESCRIPITION

Windows 10 pro was primarily intended to be an incremental upgrade to

Microsoft windows, intended to address windows vistas poor critical reception while
maintaining hardware and software compatibility.

Some new features were added to this operating system, including libraries, the
new file sharing system home group and support for multi touch input. A new “Action
centre” interface was also added to provide an overview of system security and
maintenance of information.

INTRODUCTION OF FRONT END

OVERVIEW OF PHP

PHP is an "HTML-embedded scripting language" primarily used for dynamic

Web applications. The first part of this definition means that PHP code can be interspersed
with HTML, making it simple to generate dynamic pieces of Web pages on the fly. As a
scripting language, PHP code requires the presence of the PHP processor. PHP code is
normally run in plain-text scripts that will only run on PHP-enabled computers conversely
programming languages can create standalone binary executable files, a.k.a. programs. PHP
takes most of its syntax from C, Java, and Perl. It is an open source technology and runs on
most operating systems and with most Web servers. PHP was written in the C
programming language by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1994 for use in monitoring his online
resume and related personal information. For this reason, PHP originally stood for "Personal
Home Page".

Lerdorf combined PHP with his own Form Interpreter, releasing the
combination publicly as PHP/FI generally referred to as PHP 2.0 on June 8, 1995. Two
programmers, ZeevSuraski and Andi Gutmans, rebuilt PHP's core, releasing the updated result as
PHP/FI 2 in 1997.
The acronym was formally changed to PHP: Hypertext Pre-processor, at this time.
This is an example of a recursive acronym: where the acronym itself is in its own
definition. In 1998, PHP 3 was released, which was the first widely used version.
PHP 4 was released in May 2000, with a new core, known as the Zend Engine 1.0.
PHP 4 featured improved speed and reliability over PHP 3. In terms of features, PHP 4
added references, the Boolean type,
COM support on Windows, output buffering, many new array functions, expanded
object-oriented programming, inclusion of the PCRE library, and more. Maintenance releases of
PHP
4 are still available, primarily for security updates.

PHP is an intuitive, server side scripting language. Like any other scripting language,
it allows developers to build logic into the creation of web page content and handle data returned
from a web server.
PHP also contains a number of extensions that make it easy to interact with
databases, extracting data to be displayed on a web page and storing information entered by
a website visitor back into the database.
PHP consists of a scripting language and an interpreter. These scripts are embedded
in HTML documents that are served by the web server. The interpreter takes the form of
module
that integrates into the web server, converting the scripts into commands and then executes
to achieve the results defined in the script by the web developer.

FEATURE OF PHP

PHP has many features but it also has some of the unique features such as

➢ Loosely Typed Language

➢ Cross Platform Support
➢ Variable Variables
➢ Real-Time Access Monitoring
➢ Magic Method
➢ Error Reporting
➢ Extended Regular Expression
➢ nowdocs and heredocs String
➢ Traits
➢ Simple
 ➢ Faster
➢ Security
➢ Interpreted
➢ Platform Independent
➢ Open Source

Loosely Typed Language

PHP supports variable usage without declaring its data type. It will be taken at the
time of the execution based on the type of data it has on its value.

Cross Platform Compatibility

It is used to create the desktop application by using advanced PHP features.

Variable variables

PHP allows changing the variable name dynamically by using variable variables.

Real-Time Access Monitoring

PHP provides access logging by creating the summary of recent accesses for the user.

Magic Method

PHP has built in methods starts with (double underscore). These methods can’t
be called directly. Rather, it will be called on the event basis. For example, clone () will
be called, when the clone keyword is used.

Error Reporting

It has some predefined error reporting constants to generate a warning or error

notice. For example, when E_STRICT is enabled, a warning about deprecated methods
will be generated.

Extended Regular Expression

PHP provides REGEX methods with extensive parsing and pattern

matching Mechanism with remarkable speed.
 Now docs and here docs String

PHP provides the now docs and here docs properties are used to delimit some block
of Context. Now docs and here docs are same except the context in the here docs allow
variable parsing.

Traits

PHP is a single inheritance language. The traits concept is used to cover

inheritance limitation and support inheritance at multiple levels.

Simple

It is very simple and easy to use, compare to other scripting language it is very
easy and simple, this is widely use all over the world

Faster

It is faster the other language e.g. .net and jsp.

Security

It provides secure to all the system and also to the user.

Interpreted

It is an interpreted language, i.e. there is no need for compilation.

Platform Independent

PHP can run in any platform like Linux, UNIX, Mac OS X, Windows etc…

Open Source

Open source means you need not to pay to use PHP, user can download it free.

BENEFITS OF PHP IN WEBPAGE

 Today, PHP is widely used and most demandable scripting language on the web.
PHP is a very popular scripting language which is specially designed for skilled
website development. PHP has become one of the major players on the web development market
in the last few years. PHP programming language is the most preferred programming language
that is suited for website development as PHP can be easily embedded into HTML code.
PHP’s extensions offer unmatched functionality in comparison to any other
web scripting language available, which has been made available by countless developers
bringing together a significant collection of open-source software from around the web. PHP is
similar to Microsoft Active Server Pages, Java Servlets and Cold Fusion Module but is
commonly held to be much easier to program (or ‘script’) with, much faster than its competitors
and, best of all, it is free to use and distribute. One of the strongest and most significant features
in PHP is its support for a wide range of databases. If simplicity, speed of development, and
economy are taken as the important factors, then PHP should be the best.

ADVANTAGE OF PHP WEB DEVELOPMENT

1. PHP is Open Source. Open Source means you never need to rely on the
manufacturer to release the next version if something doesn’t work or pay for
expensive upgrades.
2. PHP is extendible.
3. Large number of databases is supported.
4. PHP is platform independent. It will run on most of the platforms.
5. Compatible with servers like IIS and APACHE.
6. Low development and maintenance cost with very high performance and reliability

INTRODUCTION OF BACK END

OVERVIEW OF MYSQL

A database management system, or DBMS, gives the user to access to their data
and helps them transform the data into information. Such database system includes dBase,
paradox, IMS, SQL server. This system allows users to create, upload and extract information
from their database.
A database is a structured collection of data. Data refers to the characteristics of people, things
and events. Sql server stores each item in its own fields.

In SQL server, the fields are relating to the particular person, thing or event are
bundledtogether to form a single complete unit of data, called a record. Each record is made
up ofnumber of fields. No two fields in a record can have the same field name.
MySQL is a fast, easy-to-use RDBMS being used for many small and big businesses. MySQL
is developed, marketed and supported by MySQL AB, which is a Swedish company.MySQL is
becoming so popular because of many good reasons. MySQL is released under an open-source
license. So you have nothing to pay to use it.
MySQL is a very powerful program in its own right. It handles a large subset of
the functionality of the most expensive and powerful database packages. MySQL uses a
standard form of the well-known SQL data language. MySQL works on many operating
systems and with many languages including PHP, PERL, C, C++, JAVA, etc.
MySQL works very quickly and works well even with large data sets. MySQL is
very friendly to PHP, the most appreciated language for web development. MySQL supports
large databases, up to 50 million rows or more in a table. The default file size limit for a
table is 4GB, but you can increase this (if your operating system can handle it) to a theoretical
limit of 8 million terabytes (TB).
MySQL is customizable. The open-source GPL license allows programmers to
modify the MySQL software to fit their own specific environments.

Features of MySQL

The following list shows the most important properties of MySQL.

➢ Relational Database System

➢ Client/Server Architecture
➢ SQL compatibility
➢ Sub Selects
➢ Views
➢ Stored procedures
➢ Unicode
➢ User interface
 ➢ Full-text search
➢ Replication
➢ Transactions
➢ Programming languages
➢ ODBC
➢ Platform independence
➢ Speed

Relational Database System

Like almost all other database systems on the market, MySQL is a relational
database system.

Client/Server Architecture

MySQL is a client/server system. There is a database server (MySQL) and

arbitrarily many clients (application programs), which communicate with the server; that is,
they query data, save changes, etc. The clients can run on the same computer as the server or
on another computer (communication via a local network or the Internet).

SQL compatibility

MySQL supports as its database language -- as its name suggests – SQL

(Structured Query Language). SQL is a standardized language for querying and updating data
and for the administration of a database. There are several SQL dialects (about as many as
there are database systems). MySQL adheres to the current SQL standard (at the moment
SQL:2003), although with significant restrictions and a large number of extensions.

Sub Selects

Since version 4.1, MySQL is capable of processing a query in the form SELECT*
FROM table1 WHERE x IN (SELECT y FROM table2) (There are also numerous
syntax variants for sub Selects.
 Views

Put simply, views relate to an SQL query that is viewed as a distinct database
object and makes possible a particular view of the database. MySQL has supported views
since version 5.0.

Stored procedures

Here we are dealing with SQL code that is stored in the database system.
Stored procedures (SPs for short) are generally used to simplify certain steps, such as
inserting or deleting a data record. For client programmers, this has the advantage that they do
not have to process the tables directly, but can rely on SPs. Like views, SPs help in the
administration of large database projects. SPs can also increase efficiency. MySQL has
supported SPs since version 5.0.

Unicode

MySQL has supported all conceivable character sets since version 4.1,
including Latin-1, Latin-2, and Unicode (either in the variant UTF8 or UCS2).

User interface

There are a number of convenient user interfaces for administering a MySQL server.

Full-text search

Full-text search simplifies and accelerates the search for words that are located
within a text field. If you employ MySQL for storing text (such as in an Internet discussion
group), you can use full-text search to implement simply an efficient search function.

Replication

Replication allows the contents of a database to be copied (replicated) onto a number

of computers. In practice, this is done for two reasons: to increase protection against
system failure (so that if one computer goes down, another can be put into service) and to
improve the speed of database queries.
 Transactions

In the context of a database system, a transaction means the execution of

several database operations as a block. The database system ensures that either all of the
operations are correctly executed or none of them. This holds even if in the middle of a
transaction there is a power failure, the computer crashes, or some other disaster occurs.
Thus, for example, it cannot occur that a sum of money is withdrawn from account A but
fails to be deposited in account B due to some type of system error.

Programming languages

There are quite a number of APIs (application programming interfaces) and

libraries for the development of MySQL applications. For client programming, you can use,
among others, the languages C, C++, Java, Perl, PHP, Python, and Tecla.

ODBC

MySQL supports the ODBC interface Connector/ODBC. This allows MySQL to

be addressed by all the usual programming languages that run under Microsoft Windows
(Delphi, Visual Basic, etc.). The ODBC interface can also be implemented under Unix, though
that is seldom necessary. Windows programmers who have migrated to Microsoft's new
.NET platform can, if they wish, use the ODBC provider or the .NET interface Connector/NET.

Platform independence

It is not only client applications that run under a variety of operating systems;
MySQL itself (that is, the server) can be executed under a number of operating systems.
The most important are Apple Macintosh OS X, Linux, Microsoft Windows, and the
countless Unix variants, such as AIX, BSDI, FreeBSD, HP-UX, OpenBSD, Net BSD, SGI
Iris, and Sun Solaris.
 Speed

MySQL is considered a very fast database program. This speed has been backed up
by a large number of benchmark tests (though such tests -- regardless of the source -- should
be considered with a good dose of scepticism).

Queries in Mysql

Create query- It is used to create a table, view, procedure and function.

Alter query- It is used to add, modify, delete or drop columns of a table.

Insert query- It is used to insert records into the table.

Update query- It is used to update records of a table.

Delete query- It is used to delete records of a table.

Select query- It is used to fetch records from database.

Drop query- It is used to drop table, view or database and it removes structure and data of
a table.
Truncate table query- It is used to truncate or remove records of a table. It does not
remove structur.
 5. SYSTEM DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENTPROCESS

DATA FLOW DIAGRAM

Data flow oriented techniques advocate that the major items handled by a system must
be first identified and then the processing required on these data items to produce the desired
outputs should be determined. The DFD (also called as bubble chart) is a simple graphical
formalism that can be used to repeat a system in terms of input data to the system, various
processing carried out on these data, and the output generated by the system. It was
introduced by De Macro (1978), Game and Sarson (1979). The primitive symbols used in DFD.

A circle represents a process.

A rectangle represents external entity.

A square defines a source or destination of the system data.

An arrow identifies dataflow.

Double line with one end closed indicates data store

DATA FLOW DIAGRAM
LEVEL 2
 ER DIAGRAM

An Entity-relationship diagram (FRD) is a data modelling technique. That

graphically illustrates an information system’s entities and the relationship between those
entities. An ERD is a conceptual and representational model of data used to represent the
entity frame work infrastructure.

The elements of ERD are

• Entities
• Relationships
• Attributes

Steps Involved in creating the entities:

➢ Identifying and defining the entities.

➢ Determining all interaction between the entities.
➢ Analysing the nature of interactions/ determining the cardinally of the Relationships.
➢ Creating the ERD.

An entity Relationship diagram (ERD) is a crucial to creating a good database design. It is

used as a high level logical data model, which is useful in developing a conceptual design
for databases.

Entity

Relationship

Attribute
ER-DIAGRAM
6. DESIGN PROCESS

INPUT DESIGN

The design of input focuses on controlling the amount of input

required, controlling the errors, avoiding delay, avoiding extra steps and keeping the process
simple. The input is designed in such a way so that it provides security and ease of use with
retaining the privacy.
Input Design is the process of converting a user-oriented description of the input into
a computer-based system. This design is important to avoid errors in the data input process and
slow the correct direction to the management for getting correct information from the
computerize system.
It is achieved by creating user-friendly screens for the data entry to handle large volume
of data. The goal of designing input is to make data entry easier and to be free from errors.
The data entry screen is designed in such a way that all the data manipulates can be
performed. It also provides record viewing facilities.
 OUT PUT DESIGN

The system considered testing for user acceptance, here it should satisfy the steps Used.
The software should keep in touch with perspective system, user at the time of
Developing and making changes whenever required. This done with respect to the
Following points.
 DATABASE DESIGN

A database is an organised mechanism that has the capability of storing

information through which a user can retrieve stored information in an effective and efficient
manner. The data is the purpose of any database and must be protected.
The database design is a two-level process. In the first stage, user requirements
are gathered together and a database is designed which will meet these requirements as clearly
as possible. This step is called Information Level Design and it is taken independent of
any individual DBMS.
In the second step, this information level design is transferred into a design for
the specific DBMS that will be used to implement the system in question. This step is
called Physical Level Design, concerned with the characteristics of the specific DBMS that
will be used. A database design runs parallel with the system design.

DATABASE TABLE DESIGN

Table Name: Admin id

Field Name Data Type Key Constraint Description

Admin-id Int(11) Primary Key Admin-id

User name Varcher(20) Not null Name of the user

password Varcher(20) Not null Password of user

Table Name: candidate id

Field Data type Key Constraint Description

name
Can_id Varcher(30) Primary key Candidate id

Can_name Varcher(40) Not null Candidate name

Can_moto Varcher(60) Not null Candidate moto

addrs Varcher(50) Not null Candidate address

Phone no Varcher(30) Not null Candidate phone no

email Varcher(30) Not null Candidate email

image Varcher(50) Not null Candidate image

vote Int(11) Not null vote

Table Name : Voter registration

Field name Data type Key constraint Description

Voter id Varcher(30) Primary key Voter id

Voter name Varcher(40) Not null Voter Name

addrs Varcher(50) Not null Voter address

Phone no Varcher(20) Not null Vote phone number

Email Varcher(30) Not null Voter email

Status Varcher(30) Not null Status

 7. SYSTEM TESTING AND IMPLEMENTATION

SYSTEM TESTING

System testing is an essential step for the development of a reliable and error-
free system. Once source code has been generated, software must be tested to uncover and
correct as many errors as possible before delivery to your customer. Your goal is to design a
series of test cases that have a high likelihood finding errors but how, there are different
methods that provides a systematic guidance for designing tests that, Exercise the internal logic
of software components, and Exercise the input and output domains of the program to uncover
errors in the program function, behaviour, and performance. Software testing is a crucial
element of software quality assurance and represents the ultimate review of specification,
design, and code generation. The work product is a set of test cases designed to exercise both
internal logic and external requirements is designed and documented, expected results are
defined, and actual results are recorded. The primary objectives of testing software are to
execute a program with the intent of finding an error; a good test case will find an as-yet-
undercover error, and a successful that uncover Anas-yet-undercover error.

TESTING STRATEGIES

The basic strategies that were used for testing were following

➢ Specification Testing
➢ Alpha Testing
➢ Black Box Testing
➢ White Box Testing
➢ Regression Testing
➢ Acceptance Testing
➢ Assertion Testing
➢ Unit Testing
➢ System Testing
 SPECIFICATION TESTING
Even if the code testing is performed exclusively, it doesn’t ensure against
program failure. Code testing doesn’t answer whether the code meets the agreed
specifications document. It doesn’t also determine whether all aspects of the design are
implemented. Therefore, examining specifications stating what program should do and how it
should be have under various conditions performs specification testing. Test cases are
developed to test the range of values expected including both valid and invalid data. It helps in
finding discrepancies between the system and its original objective. During this testing phase,
all efforts were made to remove programming bugs and minor design faults.

ALPHA TESTING

This test takes place at the developer’s site. Developer observe the user and
note problems. Alpha testing is testing of an application when development is about to
complete. Minor design changes can still be made as a result of alpha testing. Alpha
testing is final testing before the software is released to the general public.

BLACK BOX TESTING

Black-box testing is conducted at the software interface. In Black Box testing only
the functionality was tested without any regard to the code written. If the functionality, which
was expected from a component, is provided then black box testing is completed.

WHITE BOX TESTING

White-box testing, sometimes called glass-box testing is a test case design method that uses
the control structure of the procedural design to derive test cases. In White Box testing
internal code written in every component was tested and it was checked that the code
written is efficient in utilizing various resources of the system like memory or the utilizing
of input, output,

REGRESSION TESTING

In Regression testing the software was tested against the boundary conditions. Various input
fields were tested against abnormal values and it was tested that the software does not behave
abnormally at any time.

ACCEPTANCE TESTING/

In acceptance testing the software was checked for completeness that itis ready. Normally
the quality assurance department performs the acceptance testing that the software is ready and
can be exported.

ASSERTION TESTING

In assertion testing the software is tested against the possible assertions. Assertions are used
to check the program and various locations that whether the state of the program at a
particular point is the same as expected or not.

UNIT TESTING

In unit testing we checked that all the individual components were working properly.
Before integration of the entire components unit testing is essential because it gives a
confidence that all the components individually are working fine and ready to be integrated
with the other ones.

SYSTEM TESTING

When all the units were working properly and unit testing was performed then comes the
time for system testing where we checked all the integrated components as a whole and looked
for possible discrepancies, which could have arisen after the integration.

SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION

The purpose of the system implementation can be summarized as follows: making

the new system available to a prepared set of users (the deployment), and positioning
on-going support and maintenance of the system within the performance organization
(the transition). At a filter level of detail, deploying the system consist of executing all
steps necessary to educate the consumers on the use of the new system, placing
the newly developed system into production, confirming that all data required at the
start of operations is available and accuracy, and validating that system support
responsibilities mode of operation, with ownership of the new system moving from
the project team to the performing organization.
A key difference between System Implementation and all other phases of the
lifecycle in that all project activities up to this point have been performed in safe, protected,
and secure environments, where project issues that arise have little or no impact on day-to-
day business operations. Once the system goes live, however, this is no longer the case. Any
miscues at this point will almost certainly translate into direct operational and/or financial
impacts on the performing organization.
 It is through the careful planning, execution, and management of System Implementation
activities that the project Team can minimize the likelihood of these assurances, and determine
appropriate contingency plans in the event of a problem.

IMPLEMENTATION PRODUCES

LIST OF PROCESS

The phase consists of the following processes

• Prepare or system Implementation, where all steps needed in advance of

actually deploying the application are performed, including preparation of both the
production environment and the consumer communities.
• Deploy System, where the full deployment plan, initially developed during
system design and evolved throughout subsequent lifecycle phases, is executed and
validated.
• Transition to Performing Organization, where responsibility for and ownership
of the application are transitioned from the project team to the unit in the
performing. Organization that will provide system support and maintenance.
 8. CONCLUSION
Our proposal enables a voter to cast his/her vote through internet without going to voting
booth and additionally registering himself/herself for voting in advance, proxy vote or double
voting is not possible, fast to access, highly secure, easy to maintain all information of voting,
highly efficient and flexible. The using of online voting has the capability to reduce or remove
unwanted human errors. In addition to its reliability, online voting can handle multiple
modalities, and provide better scalability for large elections.

Future scope

The aim of electronic voting schemes is to provide a set of protocols that allow voters to
cast ballots while a group of authorities collect votes and output the final tally. Problems
with voting machines extend from the quality of the locks, to the need for a printed audit trail, to
the hacking of the communication links. Although voting makes many people to believe
that voting is the perfect application for technology, but in reality applying it is hard. For a
voting system to be ideal, four attributes must be satisfied: anonymity, scalability, speed,
and accuracy. On-line Voting System is a web based system that facilitates the running of
elections and surveys online. This system has been developed to simplify the process of
organizing elections and make it convenient for voters to vote remotely from their computers
while taking into consideration security, anonymity and providing auditioning capabilities.
 9. BIBILOGRAPHY

Reference Books

➢ Beginning PHP “Timoty Buronczyk” in year of 1997.

➢ PHP in a nutshell “Paul Hudson” in year of 1995.
➢ PHP in practice “Elloit white& Jonatthan Eisen Hamer” in year of 2000.
➢ PHP programming “Mike Mcgrath” in year of 1994.
➢ “Database System Concepts “ by Abraham Silberschatz and A. Sudarshan.
➢ “Database Stystem Concepts” by Raghu Ramakrishnan.

Reference Websites

➢ www.php website.com
➢ www.free PDF.com
➢ www.Details Known as PHP.com
➢ www.learn about PHP.com
➢ www.tutorialspoint.com/sql
➢ www.sqlfiddle.com
 10.CODING:

<?php include ('head.php');?>

<body>

<?php include ('view_banner.php');?>

<heading class="voters_heading">

<center><h1>University Of Lusaka Student's Union</h1>

</heading>

<?php include 'slider.php';?>

<div class="image">

<img src="img/img1.jpg" width="40%" hieght="40%"/>

</div>

<div class="union-infor">

Information about the Union go here.

</div>

<?php

include ('footer.php');

?>

</body>

</html>
LOG IN:

<?php include ('head.php');?>

<body>

<?php include ('index_banner.php');?>

<div class="container">

<div class="row">

<div class="menue">

</div>

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

<div class="col-md-4 col-md-offset-4">

<div class="login-panel"><!-- has form in it-->

<div class="form-panel"><center>

<i>Login As:</i>

<select onchange = "page(this.value)">

<option value = "admin/index.php">System Admin</option>

<option value = "admin2/index.php">System User</option>

<option selected disables>Student Voter</option>

</select>
 <p/>

</center>

<form role="form" method = "post" enctype = "multipart/form-data"

class="index-form">

<div class="form-heading">

<center>Student Login</center>

</div>

<div class="form-field">

<label for =
"username">Student ID: </label><br/>

<input class="form-
control" placeholder="Enter Student ID" name="idno" type="text" required = "required"
autofocus>

</div>

<div class="form-field">

<label for = "username"

>Password: </label>

<input class="form-
control" placeholder="Enter Password" name="password" type="password" required =
"required">

</div>

<br/>

<center><button class="btn btn-lg btn-success btn-block " name = "login"

style= " margin-bottom:0px;" width="50">Login</button>

&nbsp;
 <a href="register/index.php"><button type="button" class="btn btn-lg btn-
success btn-block" data-dismiss="modal" style= " margin-bottom:0px;">Register</button></a>

&nbsp;

<?php include ('login_query.php');

?>

</form>

</div>

</div>

</div>

</div>

</div>

<?php include ('script.php');?>

<script type="text/javascript">

function page (src) {

window.location = src;

</script>

<?php
 include ('footer.php');

?>

</body>

</html>

LOG OUT:

<?php

include('dbcon.php');

include('session.php');

session_destroy();

unset($_SESSION);

header('location: index.php');

?>
VOTER:

<?php include ('head.php');?>

<body>
<?php include ('view_banner.php');?>
<div class="col-lg-6">

<center>
<div class="voters_notice">
<p><strong><i>NOTE</i>:</strong> if you did not registered for online voting, your
name will not appear on list below and
you can not vote using the online system.</p>
</div>
<strong><h3>Registered Voters List</h3></strong>

</center>

&nbsp;

<div class="tables-body">
<div class="table_back">
<table class="table table-striped table-bordered table-hover" id="dataTables-
example" border="0">
<thead class="thead">
<tr>

<th>Student ID</th>
<th>Names</th>
<th>Gender</th>
<th>Program of Sstudy</th>
<th>Year Level</th>
<th>Account</th>
<th>Status</th>
<th>Date Registered</th>

</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<?php
 require 'admin/dbcon.php';

$query = $conn->query("SELECT * FROM voters ORDER BY

voters_id DESC");

while($row1 = $query->fetch_array()){

$voters_id=$row1['voters_id'];
?>

<tr >

<td><?php echo $row1 ['id_number'];?></td>

<td><?php echo $row1 ['firstname']." ". $row1 ['lastname'];?></td>

<td><?php echo $row1 ['gender'];?></td>
<td><?php echo $row1['prog_study'];?></td>

<td><?php echo $row1 ['year_level'];?></td>

<td><?php echo $row1 ['account'];?></td>

<td><?php echo $row1 ['status'];?></td>

<td><?php echo $row1 ['date'];?></td>

</tr>

<?php } ?>
</tbody>
</table>

</div>
</div>

</div>
<?php
include ('script.php');
?> </body>
</html>
 11.APPENDIX

Sample screen shots

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