Pile cap design example

3 pile cap design example. Pile cap design example eurocode 2. 2 pile cap design example. Pile cap design example pdf. Eccentric pile cap design example. Pile cap design example as per is code. Bridge pile
cap design example. Risa foundation pile cap design example. 5 pile cap design example. Pile cap design example (bs8110). Circular pile cap design example. Strut and tie pile cap design example. Single pile
cap design example bs8110. Single pile cap design example. 4 pile cap design example as per is code.

ACI 318-08 (2008) American Concrete Institute (ACI) Committee, Commentary on building code requirements for reinforced concreteAdebar P, Kuchma D, Collins MP (1990) Strut-and-tie models for the design of pile caps: an experimental study. ACI Struct J 87(1):81–92 Google Scholar Adebar P, Zhou Z (1996) Design of deep pile caps by strut-and-
tie models. ACI Struct J 93(4):437–448 Google Scholar Ai ZY, Han J, Yan Y (2005) Elastic analysis of single pile-rigid circular raft system in layered soils. Adv Deep Found 132:1–14 Google Scholar American Concrete Institute (ACI 543R-00) (2000) Design, manufacture, and installation of concrete piles, American Concrete Institute, Michigan,
USABanerjee PK, Davies TG (1978) The behavior of axially and laterally loaded single piles embedded in non-homogeneous soils. Geotechnique 28(3):309–326 Google Scholar Barton YO (1984) Response of pile groups to lateral loading in the centrifuge. In: Craig WH, Balkema AA (eds) Proceedings. Symposium on the Application of Centrifuge
Modeling to Geotechnical Design, Rotterdam, Netherlands, pp 457–473 Google Scholar Bhasi A, Rajagopal K (2015) Geosynthetic-reinforced piled embankments: comparison of numerical and analytical methods. Int J Geomech. ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0000414Article Google Scholar Bloodworth AG, Cao J, Xu M (2011) Numerical modeling of shear
behavior of reinforced concrete pile caps. J Struct Eng 138(6):708–717 Google Scholar Blum H (1932) Economic dalbenformen and their calculation. Construct TechnolBowles LE (1996) Foundation analysis and design, 5th edn. McGraw-Hill, Singapore Google Scholar Bowles LE (2007) Foundation analysis and design, 6th edn. McGraw-Hill,
Singapore Google Scholar Brinch Hansen J (1961) The ultimate resistance of rigid piles against transversal forces. The Danish geotechnical institute, Bulletin, vol 12Broms B (1964) Lateral resistance of piles in cohesionless soils. J Soil Mech Found Div 90(2):27–63 Google Scholar Broms B (1965) Design of laterally loaded piles. J Soil Mech Found Div
91(3):77–99 Google Scholar Budhu M (2008) Soil mechanics and foundations, 3rd edn. John Wiley, New York Google Scholar Burland JB, Potts DM, Fourie AB, Ardine RJ (1986) Studies of the influence of non-linear stress–strain characteristics in soil–structure interaction. Geotechnique 36(3):377–396 Google Scholar Chantelot G, Mathern A (2010)
Strut-and-tie modelling of reinforced concrete pile caps. Master of Science Thesis in the Master’s Programme Structural Engineering and Building Performance Design, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, SwedenCheng YM, Law CW (2005) Strut-and-tie actions in pile cap analysis–elastic analysis. HKIE Trans 12(4):9–18 Google Scholar
Chow YK (1987) Axial and lateral response of pile groups embedded in nonhomogenous soils. Int J Numer Anal Methods Geomech 11(6):621–638 Google Scholar Clancy P, Randolph MF (1993) An approximate analysis procedure for piled raft foundations. Int J Numer Anal Methods Geomech 17(12):849–869 Google Scholar Clancy P, Randolph MF
(1996) Simple design tools for piled raft foundations. Geotechnique 46(2):313–328 Google Scholar Code UB (2006) International building code. International Code Council, USA Google Scholar Das BM (2007) Principles of foundation engineering, 6th edn.

Strut and tie pile cap design example. Single pile cap design example bs8110. Single pile cap design example. 4 pile cap design example as per is code.

ACI 318-08 (2008) American Concrete Institute (ACI) Committee, Commentary on building code requirements for reinforced concreteAdebar P, Kuchma D, Collins MP (1990) Strut-and-tie models for the design of pile caps: an experimental study. ACI Struct J 87(1):81–92 Google Scholar Adebar P, Zhou Z (1996) Design of deep pile caps by strut-and-
tie models.

Risa foundation pile cap design example. 5 pile cap design example. Pile cap design example (bs8110). Circular pile cap design example. Strut and tie pile cap design example. Single pile cap design example bs8110. Single pile cap design example. 4 pile cap design example as per is code.

ACI 318-08 (2008) American Concrete Institute (ACI) Committee, Commentary on building code requirements for reinforced concreteAdebar P, Kuchma D, Collins MP (1990) Strut-and-tie models for the design of pile caps: an experimental study. ACI Struct J 87(1):81–92 Google Scholar Adebar P, Zhou Z (1996) Design of deep pile caps by strut-and-
tie models. ACI Struct J 93(4):437–448 Google Scholar Ai ZY, Han J, Yan Y (2005) Elastic analysis of single pile-rigid circular raft system in layered soils. Adv Deep Found 132:1–14 Google Scholar American Concrete Institute (ACI 543R-00) (2000) Design, manufacture, and installation of concrete piles, American Concrete Institute, Michigan,
USABanerjee PK, Davies TG (1978) The behavior of axially and laterally loaded single piles embedded in non-homogeneous soils. Geotechnique 28(3):309–326 Google Scholar Barton YO (1984) Response of pile groups to lateral loading in the centrifuge.

Eccentric pile cap design example. Pile cap design example as per is code.
Bridge pile cap design example. Risa foundation pile cap design example. 5 pile cap design example.
Pile cap design example (bs8110). Circular pile cap design example. Strut and tie pile cap design example. Single pile cap design example bs8110. Single pile cap design example.
4 pile cap design example as per is code.

ACI 318-08 (2008) American Concrete Institute (ACI) Committee, Commentary on building code requirements for reinforced concreteAdebar P, Kuchma D, Collins MP (1990) Strut-and-tie models for the design of pile caps: an experimental study. ACI Struct J 87(1):81–92 Google Scholar Adebar P, Zhou Z (1996) Design of deep pile caps by strut-and-
tie models. ACI Struct J 93(4):437–448 Google Scholar Ai ZY, Han J, Yan Y (2005) Elastic analysis of single pile-rigid circular raft system in layered soils. Adv Deep Found 132:1–14 Google Scholar American Concrete Institute (ACI 543R-00) (2000) Design, manufacture, and installation of concrete piles, American Concrete Institute, Michigan,
USABanerjee PK, Davies TG (1978) The behavior of axially and laterally loaded single piles embedded in non-homogeneous soils. Geotechnique 28(3):309–326 Google Scholar Barton YO (1984) Response of pile groups to lateral loading in the centrifuge. In: Craig WH, Balkema AA (eds) Proceedings. Symposium on the Application of Centrifuge
Modeling to Geotechnical Design, Rotterdam, Netherlands, pp 457–473 Google Scholar Bhasi A, Rajagopal K (2015) Geosynthetic-reinforced piled embankments: comparison of numerical and analytical methods. Int J Geomech. ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0000414Article Google Scholar Bloodworth AG, Cao J, Xu M (2011) Numerical modeling of shear
behavior of reinforced concrete pile caps. J Struct Eng 138(6):708–717 Google Scholar Blum H (1932) Economic dalbenformen and their calculation. Construct TechnolBowles LE (1996) Foundation analysis and design, 5th edn. McGraw-Hill, Singapore Google Scholar Bowles LE (2007) Foundation analysis and design, 6th edn. McGraw-Hill,
Singapore Google Scholar Brinch Hansen J (1961) The ultimate resistance of rigid piles against transversal forces. The Danish geotechnical institute, Bulletin, vol 12Broms B (1964) Lateral resistance of piles in cohesionless soils. J Soil Mech Found Div 90(2):27–63 Google Scholar Broms B (1965) Design of laterally loaded piles. J Soil Mech Found Div
91(3):77–99 Google Scholar Budhu M (2008) Soil mechanics and foundations, 3rd edn. John Wiley, New York Google Scholar Burland JB, Potts DM, Fourie AB, Ardine RJ (1986) Studies of the influence of non-linear stress–strain characteristics in soil–structure interaction. Geotechnique 36(3):377–396 Google Scholar Chantelot G, Mathern A (2010)
Strut-and-tie modelling of reinforced concrete pile caps. Master of Science Thesis in the Master’s Programme Structural Engineering and Building Performance Design, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, SwedenCheng YM, Law CW (2005) Strut-and-tie actions in pile cap analysis–elastic analysis. HKIE Trans 12(4):9–18 Google Scholar
Chow YK (1987) Axial and lateral response of pile groups embedded in nonhomogenous soils. Int J Numer Anal Methods Geomech 11(6):621–638 Google Scholar Clancy P, Randolph MF (1993) An approximate analysis procedure for piled raft foundations. Int J Numer Anal Methods Geomech 17(12):849–869 Google Scholar Clancy P, Randolph MF
(1996) Simple design tools for piled raft foundations. Geotechnique 46(2):313–328 Google Scholar Code UB (2006) International building code. International Code Council, USA Google Scholar Das BM (2007) Principles of foundation engineering, 6th edn. Thomson, Stamford Google Scholar De Araújo JM (2016) Design of rigid pile caps through an
iterative strut-and-tie model. J Adv Concr Technol 14(8):397–407 Google Scholar Garcı́a F, Aznárez JJ, Maeso O (2005) Dynamic impedances of piles and groups of piles in saturated soils. Comput Struct 83(10–11):769–782 Google Scholar Gerber TM (2003) P-y curves for liquefied sand subject to cyclic loading based on testing of full-scale deep
foundations. Thesis (PhD), Brigham Young University, Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringGuo W (1997) Analytical and numerical solutions for pile foundations. PhD thesis, Department of civil and environmental engineering, Perth, Australia, The University of Western AustraliaGuo WD (2010) Predicting non-linear response of laterally
loaded pile groups via simple solutions. In: Proceedings of GeoFlorida 2010 conference on West Palm Beach, Florida, GSP 199, ASCE:1442–9Guo WD (2012) Theory and practice of pile foundations. CRC Press, London Google Scholar Hamderi M (2018) Comprehensive group pile settlement formula based on 3D finite element analyses. Soils Found
58(1):1–15 Google Scholar Handbook CRSI (2008) Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute, 10th edn. IL, Schaumburg, p 840 Google Scholar Hetenyi M (1946) Beams on elastic foundations.

Pile cap design example (bs8110). Circular pile cap design example. Strut and tie pile cap design example. Single pile cap design example bs8110. Single pile cap design example. 4 pile cap design example as per is code.

ACI 318-08 (2008) American Concrete Institute (ACI) Committee, Commentary on building code requirements for reinforced concreteAdebar P, Kuchma D, Collins MP (1990) Strut-and-tie models for the design of pile caps: an experimental study. ACI Struct J 87(1):81–92 Google Scholar Adebar P, Zhou Z (1996) Design of deep pile caps by strut-and-
tie models.

5 pile cap design example. Pile cap design example (bs8110).

Circular pile cap design example. Strut and tie pile cap design example. Single pile cap design example bs8110. Single pile cap design example. 4 pile cap design example as per is code.

ACI 318-08 (2008) American Concrete Institute (ACI) Committee, Commentary on building code requirements for reinforced concreteAdebar P, Kuchma D, Collins MP (1990) Strut-and-tie models for the design of pile caps: an experimental study. ACI Struct J 87(1):81–92 Google Scholar Adebar P, Zhou Z (1996) Design of deep pile caps by strut-and-
tie models. ACI Struct J 93(4):437–448 Google Scholar Ai ZY, Han J, Yan Y (2005) Elastic analysis of single pile-rigid circular raft system in layered soils. Adv Deep Found 132:1–14 Google Scholar American Concrete Institute (ACI 543R-00) (2000) Design, manufacture, and installation of concrete piles, American Concrete Institute, Michigan,
USABanerjee PK, Davies TG (1978) The behavior of axially and laterally loaded single piles embedded in non-homogeneous soils. Geotechnique 28(3):309–326 Google Scholar Barton YO (1984) Response of pile groups to lateral loading in the centrifuge. In: Craig WH, Balkema AA (eds) Proceedings.
Symposium on the Application of Centrifuge Modeling to Geotechnical Design, Rotterdam, Netherlands, pp 457–473 Google Scholar Bhasi A, Rajagopal K (2015) Geosynthetic-reinforced piled embankments: comparison of numerical and analytical methods. Int J Geomech. ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0000414Article Google Scholar Bloodworth AG, Cao J,
Xu M (2011) Numerical modeling of shear behavior of reinforced concrete pile caps. J Struct Eng 138(6):708–717 Google Scholar Blum H (1932) Economic dalbenformen and their calculation. Construct TechnolBowles LE (1996) Foundation analysis and design, 5th edn. McGraw-Hill, Singapore Google Scholar Bowles LE (2007) Foundation analysis
and design, 6th edn. McGraw-Hill, Singapore Google Scholar Brinch Hansen J (1961) The ultimate resistance of rigid piles against transversal forces. The Danish geotechnical institute, Bulletin, vol 12Broms B (1964) Lateral resistance of piles in cohesionless soils. J Soil Mech Found Div 90(2):27–63 Google Scholar Broms B (1965) Design of laterally
loaded piles.
J Soil Mech Found Div 91(3):77–99 Google Scholar Budhu M (2008) Soil mechanics and foundations, 3rd edn. John Wiley, New York Google Scholar Burland JB, Potts DM, Fourie AB, Ardine RJ (1986) Studies of the influence of non-linear stress–strain characteristics in soil–structure interaction. Geotechnique 36(3):377–396 Google Scholar Chantelot
G, Mathern A (2010) Strut-and-tie modelling of reinforced concrete pile caps. Master of Science Thesis in the Master’s Programme Structural Engineering and Building Performance Design, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, SwedenCheng YM, Law CW (2005) Strut-and-tie actions in pile cap analysis–elastic analysis. HKIE Trans 12(4):9–
18 Google Scholar Chow YK (1987) Axial and lateral response of pile groups embedded in nonhomogenous soils. Int J Numer Anal Methods Geomech 11(6):621–638 Google Scholar Clancy P, Randolph MF (1993) An approximate analysis procedure for piled raft foundations. Int J Numer Anal Methods Geomech 17(12):849–869 Google Scholar Clancy
P, Randolph MF (1996) Simple design tools for piled raft foundations. Geotechnique 46(2):313–328 Google Scholar Code UB (2006) International building code. International Code Council, USA Google Scholar Das BM (2007) Principles of foundation engineering, 6th edn. Thomson, Stamford Google Scholar De Araújo JM (2016) Design of rigid pile
caps through an iterative strut-and-tie model. J Adv Concr Technol 14(8):397–407 Google Scholar Garcı́a F, Aznárez JJ, Maeso O (2005) Dynamic impedances of piles and groups of piles in saturated soils. Comput Struct 83(10–11):769–782 Google Scholar Gerber TM (2003) P-y curves for liquefied sand subject to cyclic loading based on testing of full-
scale deep foundations. Thesis (PhD), Brigham Young University, Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringGuo W (1997) Analytical and numerical solutions for pile foundations. PhD thesis, Department of civil and environmental engineering, Perth, Australia, The University of Western AustraliaGuo WD (2010) Predicting non-linear response
of laterally loaded pile groups via simple solutions. In: Proceedings of GeoFlorida 2010 conference on West Palm Beach, Florida, GSP 199, ASCE:1442–9Guo WD (2012) Theory and practice of pile foundations. CRC Press, London Google Scholar Hamderi M (2018) Comprehensive group pile settlement formula based on 3D finite element analyses.
Soils Found 58(1):1–15 Google Scholar Handbook CRSI (2008) Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute, 10th edn. IL, Schaumburg, p 840 Google Scholar Hetenyi M (1946) Beams on elastic foundations. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor Google Scholar Ilyas L, Leung CF, Chow YK, Budi SS (2004) Centrifuge model study of laterally loaded pile
groups in clay.
J Geotech Geoenviron Eng ASCE 130(3):274–283 Google Scholar IRC 112 (2014) Code of practice for concrete road bridges, Bureau of Indian Standards, New DelhiIS: 2911-2010 (2010) Code of practice for design and construction of pile foundation, BIS, New DelhiIS456-2000 (2000) Indian Standard Plain and Reinforced Concrete-Code of Practice,
4th revision, Bureau of Indian Standards, New DelhiJenck O, Dias D, Kastner R (2009) Three-dimensional numerical modeling of a piled embankment. Int J Geomech 9(3):102–112 Google Scholar Khari M, Kassim KA, Adnan A (2013) An experimental study on pile spacing effects under lateral loading in sand. Sci World J. � Google Scholar Lee J, Do J
(2017) Experimental Investigation of the horizontal resistance of group suction piles with different pile spacing. Geotech Front GSP 2017, vol 279Lee SH, Chung CK (2005) An experimental study of the interaction of vertical loaded pile groups in sand.
Can Geotech J 42:1485–1493 Google Scholar Leu LJ, Huang CW, Chen CS, Liao YP (2006) Strut-and-tie design methodology for three-dimensional reinforced concrete structures.
J Struct Eng 132(6):929–938 Google Scholar Lin L, Sinha A, Hanna A (2018) Influence of cap rigidity on the performance of piled-cap foundation. International congress and exhibition” sustainable civil infrastructures: innovative infrastructure geotechnology. Springer, Cham, pp 104–115 Google Scholar Magade SB, Ingle RK (2017) Approach for
depth of isolated square footing under static concentric loading. In: Proceedings of conference on numerical modelling in geomechanics, IIT Roorkee, IndiaMagade SB, Ingle RK (2018) Comparative study of moments with plate and solid elements for an isolated footing under axial load. In: Advances in construction materials and structures (ACMS-
2018), IIT Roorkee, India, 7–8th March 2018, pp 61–66Magade SB, Ingle RK (2019) Influence of clear edge distance and spacing of piles on failure of pile cap. Iran J Sci Technol Trans Civ Eng 2019:1–17 Google Scholar Magade SB, Ingle RK (2019) Numerical method for analysis and design of isolated square footing under concentric loading. Int J Adv
Struct Eng 11(1):9–20 Google Scholar Magade SB, Ingle RK (2020) Effect of clear edge distance on failure of pile cap. ACI Struct J117(3):131–140 Google Scholar Magade SB, Ingle RK (2020) Comparison of moments for pile-cap design. Soil Mech Found Eng 56(6):414–419 Google Scholar Maharaj DK (2003) Load-deflection response of laterally
loaded single pile by nonlinear finite element analysis. Electron J Geotech Eng 8(Paper number 342)Marti P (1985) Truss models in detailing. Concr Mt 7(12):66–73 Google Scholar Matlock H, Reese LC (1960) Generalized solutions for laterally loaded piles. J Soil Mech Found Eng ASCE 86(5):63–91 Google Scholar Matlock H, Reese LC (1962)
Generalized solutions for laterally loaded piles. Trans Am Soc Civ Eng 127(1):1220–1247 Google Scholar McVay M, Zhang L, Molnit T, Lai P (1998) Centrifuge testing of large laterally loaded pile groups in sand. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng ASCE 132(10):1272–1283 Google Scholar Mendonça AV, De Paiva JB (2000) A boundary element method for the
static analysis of raft foundations on piles. Eng Anal Bound Elem 24(3):237–247 Google Scholar Muttoni A (2008) Punching shear strength of reinforced concrete slabs without transverse reinforcement.
ACI Struct J 105:440–450 Google Scholar Nori VV, Tharval MS (2007) Design of pile caps-Strut and tie model method. Indian Concr J 81(4):13 Google Scholar Poulos HG (1971) Behavior of laterally loaded piles: I—single piles. In: Proceedings of the American Society of Civil Engineers, vol. 97, no. SM5, May 1971, Elastic Continuum Concept, pp 711–
731Poulos HG (1971) Behaviour of laterally loaded piles: II-pile groups. J Soil Mech Found Eng ASCE 97(5):733–751 Google Scholar Poulos HG (1971) Behaviour of laterally loaded piles: II-pile groups. J Soil Mech and Found Engrg, ASCE 97(5):733–751 Google Scholar Poulos HG (2005) Pile behavior—consequences of geological and construction
imperfections. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 131(5):538–563 Google Scholar Poulos HG, Davis EH (1980) Pile foundation analysis and design (no. monograph)Prakoso WA, Kulhawy FH (2001) Contribution to piled raft foundation design. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 127(1):17–24 Google Scholar Randolph MF (1981) The response of flexible piles to lateral
loading. Geotechnique 31(2):247–259 Google Scholar Reynolds CE, Steedman JC, Threlfall AJ (2007) Reinforced concrete designer’s handbook, 11th edn.
CRC Press, London Google Scholar Ritter W (1899) Die bauweise hennebique (Hennebiques construction method).
Schweiz Bauztg 33:59–61 Google Scholar Rollins KM, Olsen RJ, Egbert JJ, Jensen DH, Olsen KG, Garrett BH (2006) Pile spacing effects on lateral pile group behavior: load tests. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 132(10):1262–1271 Google Scholar Rollins KM, Peterson KT, Weaver TJ (1998) Lateral load behavior of full-scale pile group in clay. J Geotech
Geoenviron Eng 124(6):468–478 Google Scholar Sabnis GM, Gogate AB (1984) Investigation of thick slab (pile cap) behavior. ACI J 81(1):35–39 Google Scholar Sanctis D, Russo LG, Viggiani C (2002) Piled raft on layered soils. In: Proceedings of the ninth international conference on piling and deep foundations, Nice, pp 279–286Schlaich J, Shafer K,
Jennewein M (1987) Toward a consistent design of structural concrete. J Presiresseci Concr Inst 32(3):74–150 Google Scholar Sharma M (2019) Effect of pile layout and pile cap thickness on load distribution in piles. Recent advances in structural engineering, vol 1. Springer, Singapore, pp 35–48 Google Scholar Souza R, Kuchma D, Park J,
Bittencourt T (2009) Adaptable strut-and-tie model for design and verification of four-pile caps. ACI Struct J 106(2)Suzuki K, Otsuki K (2002) Experimental study on corner shear failure of pile caps. Jpn Trans Concr Inst 23Suzuki K, Otsuki K, Tsubata T (1998) Influence of bar arrangement on ultimate strength of four-pile caps. Jpn Trans Concr Inst
20:195–202 Google Scholar Suzuki K, Otsuki K, Tsubata T (1999) Experimental study on four-pile caps with taper. Jpn Trans Concr Inst 21:327–334 Google Scholar Suzuki K, Otsuki K, Tsuhiya T (2000) Influence of edge distance on failure mechanism of pile caps. Jpn Trans Concr Inst 22:361–367 Google Scholar Vasquez LG, Wang ST, Isenhower
WM (2006) Estimation of the capacity of pile-raft foundations by three dimensional non-linear finite element analysis. In: Geo Congress, vol. 211, ASCE. (187)Vishwakarma RJ, Ingle RK (2017) Simplified approach for the evaluation of critical stresses in concrete pavement. Struct Eng Mech 61(3):389–396 Google Scholar Vishwakarma RJ, Ingle RK
(2018) Effect of panel size and radius of relative stiffness on critical stresses in concrete pavement. Arab J Sci Eng 43(10):5677–5687 Google Scholar Vishwakarma RJ, Ingle RK (2019) Observations on evaluation of flexural stresses in rigid pavement. Indian Highways 46(4)Vishwakarma RJ, Ingle RK (2020) Effect of non-uniform soil subgrade on
critical stresses in concrete pavement. Transportation research. Springer, Singapore, pp 805–817 Google Scholar Yoo C (2010) Performance of geosynthetic-encased stone columns in embankment construction: numerical investigation.
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272 Google Scholar Zhuang Y, Wang KY (2015) Three-dimensional behavior of biaxial geogrid in a piled embankment: numerical investigation. Can Geotech J Although pile caps are an important structural element, they are generally neglected in textbooks on structural design. This article is intended to offer a brief introduction to the new CRSI/DFI
(Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute/Deep Foundations Institute) Pile Cap Design Guide referred to henceforth as the Guide. The Guide was authored by Dr. Timothy W. Mays, P.E. with The Citadel. The new Guide has been developed as a standalone publication to provide the practicing engineer with a detailed overview of pile cap design, detailing,
and analysis methodologies that represent the current state of practice in the industry, and meet the latest codes and standards including the 2015 International Building Code (IBC) and ACI 318-14.
The Guide is much more than an updated version of Chapter 13 of the CRSI Design Handbook (2008). When the Design Handbook pile cap design tables were developed, pile allowable loads exceeding 200 tons were not common. The advent of new 16-inch and 18-inch HP sections with higher allowable loads has necessitated the need of an expanded
scope that includes pile allowable loads up to 400 tons. Assuming a factor of safety of 2, this implies in place pile loads up to 800 tons. The Guide also features expanded design tables to account for the higher allowable loads. The complex and often misunderstood load path fundamentals associated with pile caps, and the fact that most pile caps are
not open to visual inspection under service, warrants a conservative design approach. Complete nonlinear finite element modeling of pile caps is not practical in routine design practice, and applying geometry specific strut-and-tie design models for all pile caps can actually be unconservative when certain modes of failure control the pile cap’s
response.
For this reason and others, ACI 318-14 does not permit strut-and-tie modeling for all pile caps. In fact, only “deep pile” caps may be designed by this approach. The Guide provides an overview of load types considered and how these loads are appropriately combined to design pile caps, followed by an overview of assumptions used to determine the
load distribution to piles when caps are subjected to different load cases. Thirty pile cap configurations with dimensioning requirements are considered in the Guide, and the overall recommended layout of steel reinforcement in the pile cap is also provided (Figure 1). Figure 1. Arrangement of piles and minimum plan dimensions of pile caps. Pile cap
design procedures for vertical and lateral/overturning loads, respectively, are considered, along with a special chapter devoted to seismic design of pile caps. The Guide offers several practical pile cap design examples including complete manual solutions for vertical and lateral load situations as well as complimentary access to design spreadsheets.
Tabulated pile cap designs for both vertical loads and combined, vertical, lateral, and overturning actions are available for pile loads up to 400 tons allowable load. The appendices are also replete with practical information. Appendix A presents detailed derivations for several simplified design equations presented in the Guide. Column-to-pile cap and
pile-to-pile cap connection details are discussed in Appendix B and C, respectively. Figure 2. Pile cap resisting column applied axial, shear, and bending moment. Pile head assumed pinned. Research performed during the development of this Guide suggests that deeper pile caps associated with larger and stronger piling than was considered in the
Design Handbook warrant some new steel details. In addition, lateral loads on pile caps (Figure 2) are considered for the first time in a CRSI publication in the new Guide. A complete design example for detailing a pile cap under combined vertical loading, lateral loading, and overturning is presented. The use of larger and stronger high load piling
typically requires deeper pile caps with larger edge distances. To better understand the behavior of deep pile caps, a finite element study (Figure 3) was performed and recommendations obtained from that study are presented and incorporated into new details used for all pile caps utilizing pile allowable loads greater than 200 tons. Figure 3. Sample
finite element study results. For very high load piles, an additional prescriptive requirement of hoop steel reinforcement is presented in the Guide (Figure 4). This additional steel reinforcement provides confinement to resist high bursting stresses created in the concrete around the head of the pile due to the high load piles and allows for piles to be
installed without the use of bearing plates at the top of the pile. Tabulated designs are also provided for all CRSI considered pile cap configurations and a wide range of vertical loading, lateral loading, and overturning effects. Users of the Guide have access to spreadsheets that include all pile configurations and allow the user to consider both gravity
and lateral loads. Figure 4. Additional prescriptive steel requirement when high load piles are used. The Guide provides a series of six (6) design examples where tabulated design solutions obtained using the design provisions presented in the Guide are verified using hand calculations. The examples were selected in order to help the reader fully
understand assumptions associated with the design procedures, and to provide adequate applications for the different pile cap configurations such that the user could design other pile cap configurations as necessary.
Example 1: 16 Pile Cap – This example is a symmetrical cap (i.e., square in plan) with two rows of piles on all 4 sides of the column. The larger pile cap plan dimensions result in straight bars and it is one of the easiest pile configurations to work with calculation-wise.
Low pile service loads are used in the example. Example 2: 5 Pile Cap – This example is also a symmetrical cap (i.e., square in plan) but it has only 1 row of piles on each side of the column. The smaller pile cap plan dimensions result in hooked bars and it has a unique pile layout. It is the only cap that utilizes 45-degree angles in the pile plan
geometry. Moderate pile service loads are used in the example. Example 3: 6 Pile Cap – This example is an unsymmetrical cap (i.e., rectangular in plan). It was also chosen since it is one of the special caps where Limit State 4 calculations require an average width “w” in orthogonal directions. Example 4: 7 Pile Cap – This example is an unsymmetrical
cap. It was chosen since it is one of only two caps that are uniquely detailed for round columns (rather than equivalent square columns). Example 5: 5 Pile Cap – This example was selected as a comparison design with Example 2 and it utilizes high load piles. Example 6: 16 Pile Cap – This example was selected as a comparison design with Example 1,
but it is designed for combined gravity and lateral loading. The Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute is fully committed to providing timely and accurate guidance regarding steel reinforced concrete design and construction concerns. To enable convenient access to CRSI resources, many are available in both digital (pdf download) and print media. This
publication is available from the CRSI and DFI website. Scheduled and on-demand webinars are also available as introductions to topics which are the subject of new or updated technical guides.
The scheduled webinar format provides an opportunity for interactive discussion with the authors of CRSI’s Design Guides. For more information on these, and other, continuing education resources visit the CRSI website.▪ All graphics courtesy of CRSI Design Guide for Pile Caps 1st Edition 2015.