DETERMINATION OF RESISTANCE TO FRAGMENTATION BY THE

LOS ANGELES TEST METHOD

Introduction

The mixture of (sand, crushed stone, gravel) combine together as aggregate commonly used in
construction and production today in railway and road development. The durability and
efficiency of aggregate is based on quality of raw materials. Aggregates must be strong enough
to face crushing and road accidents, and used for better and smooth floors to control traffic and
avoid road accidents. The quality of aggregate depended upon the mechanical and physical
properties which reflect the material to use in manufacturing aggregate. Somewhere poor raw
material is used to save cost and complete projects with low cost method (Sensogut, Duyzul &
Cinar, 2019). The Log Angeles Tests is used to analyze the toughness, and abrasion resistance
such as crushing, degradation and external properties to evaluate the performance issues in
construction.

Objective
The purpose of this experiment is to analyze the mechanical and physical properties of
aggregates used in constructions based on standards of EN 1097-2:2010. The understating helps
to determine the impact and abrasion of aggregates to analyze their appropriateness for use in
general.

Apparatus
The experiment conducted based on with British Standards BS EN 1097-2:2010 and following
materials are required to conduct the experiment.
• L.A. machine drum
• 11 Spherical steel balls
• 1.6mm strainer
• Vibrating equipment
• Digital weighing scales
• 5000g of Thames Valley natural aggregate
Procedure
The experiment conducted to based on BS EN 1097-2:1998 standards and weighted near to 1g
for sample of 10mm Thames Valley natural aggregate. The LA instrument checked first and
extra wreckage removed to conduct experiment smoothly. Then he 11 spherical steel
balls placed in drum and rotate with aggregate at 500 revolutions. Once the rotation completed
the aggregates removed from drum and placed in vibrator for 5 minutes to ensure the aggregates
of 1.6mm in diameter to analyze their performance in crushing, the data recorded for the
experiment analysis.

Results and Data Analysis

The experiment data and analysis shows the Aggregates used in construction are robust and long
lasting, and considerably durable pavement, and can be resist the crushing action and external
forces. The experiment shows the loss due to fragmentation determined 23% which can be
considered normal. The experiment also analyzes the mechanical and physical properties of
Aggregates based on grain size, particle size, and influence of fragmentation Ferkous, Soudani,
& Haddadi, 2022). The experiment also elaborates the recycled Aggregates tested under similar
condition and has 24% loss which is less than current use of Aggregates loss. The loss of
material is key issue which can be addressed, this cause due to presence of mortar within
recycled aggregates. There are other factors which also affect the LA value during the testing and
experimentation and resources loss is critical in recycled aggregates.
Discussion
The Log Angeles method used to analyze the working of Aggregates and its quality of skid
pavement. The experiment conducted based on artificial setting and in laboratory to evaluate and
expand the understanding the use of Aggregates in construction. The Los Angeles method
elaborates the loss of material, dust particles and atmosphere pollution may also affect the skid
resistance and fragmentation. The loss of material can be reduced if the material in drum can be
left for some time before extracted. This process also affects the overall mass of Aggregates can
be saved and retained for final processing. The Aggregates are widely used in construction
industry but their quality and raw material are important for roads traffic load and environmental
condition may also be considered. Somewhere poor raw material is used to keep fee and entire
projects with low price approach. The research conducted based on Log Angeles method to
analyze the Aggregates quality for skid resistance of surface on roads.

The materials and mixtures used in the production can be considered as categories bound and
unbounded. The unbound material considered like cement which does not contains any other
material bounded material includes sand, glaive which required to be mixed with other materials.
These mixtures of material must be created according to Clauses 802 to 807 of BS EN 13285
shown in table 2.3. The unbound material than further divided into other items includes the other
aggregate properties (Gökalp, Uz & Saltan, 2017). The aggregate loss also occurred which can
be reduced with fragmentation and limited to 50% of LA and unbound mixture of type 1, 2 and 4
are 30% of LA. The related LA value found in the experiment is 23%, which is based on
standard requirement and natural aggregate can be used in the mixtures from type 1 to 4
respectively.
The experiment elaborates the LA value is 23% and this refers to standards values of MCHW
specification for Highways work, this explain the important findings that natural aggregate fits
with criteria and can be utilized as Hydraulically Bound Mixtures. The experiment also refers
that MT1 material for contractor requires the different particle size and methods to produce.

Conclusion

Aggregates are commonly used in production and manufacturing of roads and skid pavement for
resistance. The Aggregates in construction must have high resistance to degradation and
fragmentation to avoid crushing and disintegration and save people from road accidents. The
quality of aggregate depended upon the mechanical and physical houses which reflect the cloth
to apply in manufacturing aggregate. Somewhere poor raw material is used to keep fee and entire
projects with low price approach. The research conducted based on Log Angeles method to
analyze the Aggregates quality for skid resistance of surface on roads. The Log Angeles Tests is
used to analyze the longevity, and abrasion resistance such as crushing, degradation and outside
properties to evaluate the performance troubles in production. Experimental research was
conducted to analyze the importance and real use of Aggregates so that make decision regarding
practical exposure of terrific loads. The experiment elaborates the natural fragmentation of the
natural aggregate is 23% which is nominal and relatively considerable for manufacturing and
construction. This value 23% is relatively low if material is different and unbound the mixture.