2

1 A skydiver of mass 76 kg is falling vertically in still air. At time t = 0, the skydiver opens his
parachute.

Fig. 1.1 is the speed–time graph for the skydiver from t = 0.

60

speed
m/s
40

20

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
t/s
Fig. 1.1

(a) Using Fig. 1.1, determine:

(i) the deceleration of the skydiver immediately after the parachute opens

deceleration = ......................................................... [2]

(ii) the force due to air resistance acting on the skydiver immediately after the parachute
opens.

force = ......................................................... [3]

(b) Explain, in terms of the forces acting on the skydiver, his motion between t = 0 and t = 6.0 s.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [3]

(c) Explain why opening the parachute cannot reduce the speed of the skydiver to zero.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 10]
© UCLES 2021 0625/41/M/J/21
 3

2 Fig. 2.1 shows a wooden trolley of mass 1.2 kg at rest on the rough surface of a bench.

trolley
ball

Fig. 2.1

A ball of mass 0.52 g travels horizontally towards the trolley. The ball embeds itself in the wood of
the trolley. The trolley moves with an initial speed of 0.065 m / s.

(a) Calculate:

(i) the impulse exerted on the trolley

impulse = ......................................................... [2]

(ii) the speed of the ball as it hits the trolley.

speed = ......................................................... [2]

(b) As the trolley moves across the rough surface, it slows down and stops.

Explain, in terms of the work done, the energy change that takes place as the trolley slows
down.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [3]

[Total: 7]

© UCLES 2021 0625/41/M/J/21 [Turn over

 2

1 Fig. 1.1 shows sea water flowing down a channel into a tank without splashing. The water is
flowing at a rate of 800 kg / min. The length and width of the tank are 3.10 m and 1.20 m. The
density of the sea water is 1020 kg / m3.

1.20 m

flowing sea water

3.10 m

channel

tank

Fig. 1.1 (not to scale)

(a) Initially, the tank is empty.

Calculate the depth of water in the tank after 1.00 minute. Give your answer to three significant
figures.

depth = ......................................................... [3]

(b) The height of the water decreases by 0.420 m as it flows down the channel.

Calculate the decrease in gravitational potential energy of the water each second.

decrease in gravitational potential energy = ......................................................... [3]

(c) The water stops flowing. The depth of water in the tank is 0.800 m.

Calculate the pressure at the bottom of the tank due to the water.

pressure = ......................................................... [3]

[Total: 9]
© UCLES 2022 0625/42/O/N/22
 3

2 (a) A pendulum swings with a time period of approximately one second.

Describe how to use a stop-watch to determine the time period of the pendulum.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [3]

(b) Complete Table 2.1 by writing in each space of the right-hand column which one of the
following devices is used to measure the quantity in the left-hand column.

digital balance measuring cylinder metre rule

micrometer screw gauge stop-watch thermocouple

Table 2.1

quantity device

volume of water in a glass

width of a small swimming pool

thickness of a piece of aluminium foil

[3]

[Total: 6]

© UCLES 2022 0625/42/O/N/22 [Turn over

 4

3 (a) Tidal power derives most of its energy from the Moon and part of its energy from the Sun.

(i) State one other source of power which derives its energy from the Sun.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) State one source of power which does not derive its energy from the Sun.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Fig. 3.1 shows a small water turbine driven by a tidal flow of water to generate electrical
power.

surface of sea

flow of water

sea bed

Fig. 3.1

(i) Explain whether this method of generation of electrical power is renewable.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) The mass of water passing through the turbine each second is 6.0 × 103 kg. The speed
of the water is 2.0 m / s. 40% of the kinetic energy of the water is converted to electrical
energy.

Calculate the electrical power generated.

power = ......................................................... [4]

[Total: 8]

© UCLES 2022 0625/42/O/N/22

 2

1 Fig. 1.1 shows a space rocket accelerating away from a launch pad.

Fig. 1.1

Fig. 1.2 is a speed–time graph for the first 30 s of the rocket’s flight.

2000

speed
m/s
1500

1000

500

0
0 10 20 30
time / s

Fig. 1.2

(a) Describe how the acceleration of the rocket changes between time = 10 s and time = 30 s.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

© UCLES 2021 0625/42/O/N/21

 3

(b) By drawing a tangent to the graph, determine the acceleration of the rocket at time = 25 s.

acceleration = ........................................................ [2]

(c) Determine the distance travelled by the rocket between time = 0 and time = 10 s.

distance = ......................................................... [2]

[Total: 5]

© UCLES 2021 0625/42/O/N/21 [Turn over

 4

2 (a) State Hooke’s law.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) Fig. 2.1 shows the extension–load graph for a spring.

200

extension / mm

100

0
0 10 20 30
load / N

Fig. 2.1

(i) On Fig. 2.1, mark and label the region where the spring obeys Hooke’s law. [1]

(ii) Calculate the spring constant k.

k = ........................................................ [2]

(iii) The original length of the spring is 120 mm.

Calculate the length of the spring when a load of 8.5 N is applied to the spring.

length = ........................................................ [2]

© UCLES 2021 0625/42/O/N/21

 5

(c) The weight of an object is 4.0 N on a planet where the acceleration of free fall is 8.7 m / s2.

Calculate the mass of the object.

mass = ........................................................ [2]

[Total: 8]

© UCLES 2021 0625/42/O/N/21 [Turn over

 6

3 Fig. 3.1 shows a collision at very slow speed between two cars travelling along a straight road.

car B
car A

Fig. 3.1

Car B, of mass 800 kg, is moving at 2.0 m / s and collides with car A, of mass 1000 kg, which is
stationary. After the collision, both cars travel in the same direction as the initial direction of car B.

(a) After the collision, car A moves at 1.3 m / s.

Show that the speed of car B after the collision is approximately 0.4 m / s.

[3]

(b) (i) Calculate the impulse exerted by car A on car B.

impulse = ........................................................ [2]

(ii) State the impulse exerted by car B on car A.

impulse = ........................................................ [1]

[Total: 6]

© UCLES 2021 0625/42/O/N/21

 7

4 (a) A power station uses wind energy to generate electricity.

State and explain whether this method of generating electricity is renewable.

statement ..................................................................................................................................

explanation ...............................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) State two energy resources that do not have the Sun as their source.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(c) For each energy resource, state the form of energy stored in:

fossil fuels .................................................................................................................................

water behind hydroelectric dams. .............................................................................................

[2]

[Total: 6]

© UCLES 2021 0625/42/O/N/21 [Turn over

 2

1 Fig. 1.1 shows a straight section of a river where the water is flowing from right to left at a speed of
0.54 m / s.

river

current

0.54 m / s

P
swimmer

Fig. 1.1 (not to scale)

A swimmer starts at point P and swims at a constant speed of 0.72 m / s relative to the water and at
right angles to the current.

(a) (i) Determine, relative to the river bank, both the magnitude and direction of the swimmer’s
velocity.

magnitude of velocity = ...............................................................

direction of velocity ...............................................................

[4]

(ii) After 1.5 minutes, the swimmer reaches point Q.

Calculate the distance between P and Q.

distance = ......................................................... [3]

© UCLES 2023 0625/41/M/J/23

 3

(b) When the swimmer is crossing the river, his actions produce a constant forward force on his
body.

Explain why he moves at a constant speed.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 9]

© UCLES 2023 0625/41/M/J/23 [Turn over

 4

2 Fig. 2.1 shows a motorcyclist accelerating along a straight horizontal section of track.

Fig. 2.1

The motorcyclist and motorcycle have a combined mass of 240 kg.

(a) On the straight horizontal section of the track, the motorcyclist accelerates from rest at
7.2 m / s2.

(i) The motorcyclist reaches the end of the straight section of track in 5.3 s.

Calculate the speed of the motorcyclist at the end of the straight section.

speed = ......................................................... [2]

(ii) Calculate the resultant force on the motorcyclist and motorcycle on the straight section
of track.

resultant force = ......................................................... [2]

© UCLES 2023 0625/41/M/J/23

 5

(b) At the end of the straight section, the track remains horizontal but bends to the right, as
shown in Fig. 2.1.

When the motorcyclist reaches the bend, she travels around the bend in a circular path at a
constant speed.

(i) Velocity is a vector quantity.

State how a vector quantity differs from a scalar quantity.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Describe what happens to the velocity of the motorcyclist as she travels around the bend
at constant speed.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Explain why there must be a resultant force on the motorcyclist as she travels around the
bend.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 8]

© UCLES 2023 0625/41/M/J/23 [Turn over

 2

1 Fig. 1.1 shows an electrically powered bicycle.

battery

electric motor

Fig. 1.1

When fully charged, the battery can deliver a power of 600 W for 60 min.

(a) (i) Calculate the energy, in joules, stored in the battery when fully charged.

energy = ...................................................... J [3]

(ii) State the form of energy stored by the battery.

......................................................... [1]

(b) The bicycle has a motor with an electrical input power of 250 W.

Calculate the time for which the battery can power the bicycle.

time = ......................................................... [2]

(c) Consider this bicycle compared to a small motorcycle.

State two environmental benefits of the electrically powered bicycle.

1. ...............................................................................................................................................

2. ...............................................................................................................................................
[2]

[Total: 8]
© UCLES 2022 0625/42/M/J/22
 3

2 Fig. 2.1 shows an object of mass 2.0 kg on a bench. This object is connected by a cord, passing
over a pulley, to an object of mass 3.0 kg.

card
cord
pulley 2.0 cm 2.0 kg object

F
bench

3.0 kg object

Fig. 2.1

The 2.0 kg object is released from rest and accelerates at 4.0 m / s2.

(a) Calculate the resultant force acting on the 2.0 kg object.

force = ......................................................... [2]

(b) Calculate the upward force F exerted by the cord on the 3.0 kg object.

force F = ......................................................... [3]

(c) The objects have a constant acceleration.

(i) Show that the speed of the objects 0.80 s after release is 3.2 m / s.

[2]

(ii) A card, of width 2.0 cm, is fixed to the 2.0 kg object. As the 2.0 kg object moves to the left,
the card passes through a beam of light that is perpendicular to the card.

Using the speed given in (c)(i), calculate the time taken for the card to pass through the
beam of light.

time = ......................................................... [2]

[Total: 9]
© UCLES 2022 0625/42/M/J/22 [Turn over
 4

3 (a) Fig. 3.1 shows water in a river moving parallel to the river bank at 4.0 m / s and a canoe
travelling in the river.

river bank

canoe travels at 2.5 m / s

38° relative to the water
water moving at 4.0 m / s

river bank

Fig. 3.1

The canoe travels at 2.5 m / s relative to the water and heads at an angle of 38° to the river
bank.

Draw a scale diagram to determine the canoe’s resultant velocity and state the scale you
used.

scale ...............................................................

magnitude of resultant velocity ...............................................................

direction of resultant velocity (angle from the river bank) ...............................................................

[4]

© UCLES 2022 0625/42/M/J/22

 5

(b) The mass of the canoeist is 65 kg.

Calculate her kinetic energy when travelling on still water at 2.5 m / s.

energy = ......................................................... [2]

[Total: 6]

© UCLES 2022 0625/42/M/J/22 [Turn over