The content of the citations discusses various aspects of

translation and linguistics

the emergence of linguistics as a discipline,
the importance of equivalence in translation,
the role of speech and phonetics in language teaching and translation,
the challenges of translating vernacular and dialects,
the adaptation of non-standard language in literature,
and the challenges of overcoming linguistic differences in translation.
Example questions:
How did the formal study of language, linguistics, emerge as a
discipline?
What is the significance of equivalence in translation and how
does it relate to the concepts of dynamic equivalence and formal
correspondence?
How do speech and phonetics play a role in language teaching
and translation, and what are some challenges associated with
translating vernacular and dialects?