ble off-the-shelf from most manufacturers, in the ue is from 1 uNm (tiny wristwatch motor) to 50 Nm d its drive is required. reluctance motores. 0 screenersRotor tums through 99° on to align with the resultant now lies along the phase B phases are excited in the D, A, rotor turns with a step e direction. Direction of rotation can be re versed by reversing the sequence of es, that is A, D, C, on of rcs coed ar e switched and isin of the direction of cuments trough the pases. can be reduced from 90 to 45° by exciting phases in sequence A, A +B, B, D, D +A, A. When phase A is excited, the rotor aligns with the axis of A. When, r all a Rotor can be turned in anticlockwise direction with a step of 4 insequence of A.A rD,D,D+C,C,C+B,B,B+A.A Tas anit ion from one phase to another (c.g. from A to B with an 9 ping and is used to realise smaller steps. (0 screener_88-TEXTILE MILL In a composite textile mill, the production of cloth takes place in two stages. The first stage involves a spinning mill for transformation of raw cotton to finished yarn. In the second stage, weaving, dyeing and printing of cloth are done. 88.1 Spinning Mill ‘The following operations are undertaken in a spinning mill: ton is processed in a blow room to form laps, which resemble rolls of absorbent cotton. In the initial process, the raw cotton is dumped on a conveyor belt feeding the blender, which breaks the raw cotton and separates out the heavier impurities such as seeds and dirt. The cotton is then further beaten and combed to pick out the dirt and put the fibres uniformly along the length of the laps, which are formed by rolling at the finishing end of the blow room. A number of ABs paduction tnotors are used for sequential operations of the machines in the blow room. Individual Grives are preferred to a group drive. The required speeds of the different parts of the machine are Gbtained through gears/belts. The ratings of the cage induction motors used range from 0.37 to 7.5 KW for a moderate blow room. i i i ne in which the cotton fibres 2. Carding. From the blow room, the lap is fed to the carding machine in 1 are formed by combing them over a revolving cylinder provided with teeth. In this machine the fibres are cleaned as well. All short lengths are removed. The lap is transformed into a wide and thin web of cotton, The web is then gathered together to form a rope, which is known as sliver and 1. Picking. Raw cot 300 Electric Drives chine may be group driven or individual motor dei 1c induction motors of ratings between 1" the inertia torque of the cylinder Beltsgears gathered in cylindrical cones, The carding The commonly used carding motors are three-phase © 10 3.7 KW. High starting torque is required to overcome are used to change speed. 3. Drawing. From the carding machines. the slivers pass through the drawing operation, which involves two stages. ic. preliminary and finisher. Sixteen slivers are combined to make two thinn slivers in the preliminary stage. In the finisher stage, 16 slivers of the preliminary stage are ae hers or pucea slivers. In both stages, dust collection is done and fibres combined to make two fit remain parallel. The number of stages depends upon the fineness of the yarn required. Three-phase ing between 3.7 to 5.6 KW are used for drawing operation cage induction motors of ratings Another 1.5 to 2.2 kW induction motor is used for dust collection. The speeds required for various parts of the machine are obtained through gears/belts. 4. Roving. Twisting process takes place in roving operation. The pucca slivers move thy ‘slubbing frames and are wound on a slubbing bobbin giving a few twists. The twist per eee Se depends on mill practice. During the roving operation, the tension is adjusted. Steps 75 RW, three-phase cage induction motors are commonly used. The motor i provided wih tat ? ling and stopping controls. A roving machine is also called the simplex machine, ee Sein i slubbing bobbins from the roving frame (simplex machine) are fitted to the a es Galion imme (ring frame). The spinning frame continues the process of drawing Sean sing until the fished yan is produced, whichis then wound on smaller bobbins. The ee eeen ena of spindles (e.g. 420). A single speed four-pole or six-pole cage aes for 7.5 to 11.3 kW is normally used. The starting torque should be moderate acceleration takes place without tearing the thread. Tension may be adjusted,82 Waning “he weaving proces os of eng tn tf am at igh ages. The ent yr ‘tal ch al ap ue wh re rede neh eed we cy Indie he ire called pk A noma machine or weg eh ye a sh leg tds arg oa porn pan nd Sih ay be bad pcr te ‘hae asx che ton ina fo ke pp diese Sei, Ping Sed ‘eaingp adhe soy mane wp ot ley ae Prin mations 1, Shing maton. Vip teas pt nto lnet—opper and loner, eng 2 sue sn hn Thi pen fe eld he sd econ sepsis coe ee ying ilog yr Tis shed ped wi nha fhe eee aes Tea ‘teenies eh ane cabo a ues hae 2 Ping maton. hiss he mtn of se Hough he sed of he og The sacle ass tw the il ona ahve he vee al 5. teatngap. Th lope a se no sh te cant RE at lh ape uti mins phe The sth er omy te te ip ion. pment ‘ily ent wa enc ans Te etl ee sa SPenpann e as nce ec Oe mat Ay be ‘hi ct ie and pu oe Tens mst rt is tenn pen So ry ce geePeEicion ant Wok RCI ore TO Cs2 SWITCHED (OR VARIABLE) RELUCTANCE MOTOR {@0, The switched reluctance motor (SRM) has both salient pole stator and rotor, ke v Commonly used are 8/6 and 6/4. As already stated, rotor does not have any for has concentrated coils and diametrically opposite coils are connected, in n one phase. Thus, motors with pole numbers 8/6 and 6/4 will have four the rotor to move toward the position of minimum reluctance. Axisof pole 1 Connection of phase 1 has only been shoe (0 screenered reluctance motor drive (a) Variation of L sith 8; (b) and 15 (4) and (¢) production of negative torque du wo phase ck emf e given by the following equation (8.6) instantaneous electrical power input to the en (8.8) (0 screener‘Stepper motor is similar to that of a single-stack variable Fig. 8.5 Two-phase 4/2-pole permanent magnet stepper motor. of stator current and because of higher inertia ratio. Hence, slower acceleration nt magnet stepper motors is around 300 ec for variable reluctance motors. ‘magnet rotor with large number of cted to larger step sizes inthe range of 30-90. motor has overcome the above limitations. disk made of rare-earth magnetic material. 0 screeners