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Saso - luxشدة الاضاءة للاماكن سعودية
Saso - luxشدة الاضاءة للاماكن سعودية
SAUDI STANDARD
DRAFT NO:
4520
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SASO……/2009 SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARDS
FOREWORD
The Saudi Arabian Standards Organization (SASO) has adopted the
International Standardization Organization ISO8995:2002(E) which was originally
produced by the International Commission of Illumination CIE S 088/E-2001.It
has been adopted as local national standard with some modifications added to
consider the energy efficiency issue.
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Table of contents
Page no.
INTRODUCTION............................................................................................. 4
1. SCOPE..............................................................................................................4
2. NORMATIVE REFERENCES........................................................................... 5
3. DEFINITIONS ..................................................................................................5
4. LIGHTING DESIGN CRITERIA ....................................................................... 6
4.1 Luminous environment............................................................................ 6
4.2 Luminance distribution.............................................................................7
4.3 Illuminance............................................................................................... 7
4.3.1 Recommended illuminances at the task area ………...................... 8
4.3.2 Scale of illuminance. ............................................................... 8
4.3.3 Illuminances of immediate surroundings ........................................ 9
4.34 Uniformity ........................................................................................ 9
4.4 Glare......................................................................................................10
4.4.1 Shielding against glare.....................................................................10
4.4.2 Discomfort glare.............................................................................. 10
4.4.3 Veiling reflections and reflected glare............................................11
4.5 Directionality......................................................................................... 12
4.5.1 Modeling .....................................................................................12
4.5.2 Directional lighting of visual tasks.................................................. 12
4.6 Color aspects .................................................................................... 12
4.6.1 Color appearance....................................................................... 12
4.6.2 Color rendering ............................................................................ 13
4.7 Daylight................................................................................................13
4.8 Lighting of workstations with visual display terminals VDT...................14
4.9 Flicker and stroboscopic effect ............................................................15
4.10 Emergency lighting..............................................................................15
5. SCHEDULE OF LIGHTING REQUIREMENTS……….................................15
6. Energy Efficiency Recommendation……………………………………….……29
6.1 Power and Time …………………………………………………………..29
6.2 Energy Efficient Equipment …………………………………………….. 29
6.3 Lighting Energy Targets ……………………….…………………………30
6.4 Energy Management ……………………………………………………..32
6.5 Lighting Controls ………………………………………………………….36
7. VERIFICATION PROCEDURES ................................................................... 38
7.1 Illuminance......................................................................................... 38
7.2 Unified glare rating............................................................................. 38
7.3 Color rendering index (Ra)................................................................. 38
7.4 Color apparence (Tcp)......................................................................... 38
7.5 Maintenance factors .......................................................................... 39
7.6 Luminaire luminance.......................................................................... 43
7.7 Tolerances in measurements............................................................. 43
7.8 Lighting commissioning ………………………………………………….43
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Code of LGHTING
For
INDOOR WORK PLACES
Introduction
Good lighting will create a visual environment that enables people to see, to
move about safely and to perform visual tasks efficiently, accurately and safely
without causing undue visual fatigue and discomfort. The illumination may be
daylight, electric light or combination of both.
Good lighting requires equal attention to the quantity and quality of the
lighting. While the provision of sufficient illuminance on the task is necessary, in
many instances the visibility depends on the way in which the light is delivered,
the color characteristics of the light source and surfaces together with the level of
glare from the system. In this standard opportunity was taken to specify for
various work places and task types not just the illuminance but also the limiting
discomfort glare and minimum color rendering index of the source. Parameters to
create comfortable visual conditions are proposed in the body of this standard.
The recommended values are considered to represent a reasonable balance,
having regard to the requirements for safe, healthy and efficient work
performance. The values can be achieved with practical energy efficient
solutions.
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1. Scope
This standard specifies lighting requirements for indoor work places and for
people to perform the visual tasks efficiently, in comfort and safety throughout the
whole work period.
This standard does not explain how lighting systems or techniques should
be designed to optimise solutions for specific work places. These may be found
in the relevant CIE guides and reports.
2. Normative references
The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text,
constitute provisions of this national Standard. At the time of publication, the
editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to
agreements based on this Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility
of applying most recent editions of the standards indicated below.
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2004
Code L:2003 CIBSE-Lighting commissioning
3. Definitions
In general the terms used in this standard are defined in the CIE Lighting
Vocabulary
(CIE 17.4 – 1987), but there are few more terms that are defined below:
Color rendering (of a light source): Effect of a light source on the color
appearance of objects compared with their color appearance under a
reference light source.
Disability glare: Glare that impairs the vision of objects without necessarily
causing discomfort.
Task area: The partial area in the work place in which the visual task is
located and carried out.
Immediate surrounding: A zone of at least 0,5 m width surrounding the task
area within the field of vision.
Limiting unified glare rating ( UGRL ): The maximum allowable design UGR
value for the lighting installation.
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Shielding angle: the angle measured from the horizontal, down to which the
lamp(s) is screened by the luminaire from direct view by an observer.
Working plane: the reference surface defined as the plane at which work is
usually done.
Good lighting practice for work places is more than just providing good task
visibility. It is essential that tasks are performed easily and in comfort. Thus the
lighting must satisfy the quantitative and qualitative aspects demanded by the
environment. In general lighting is to ensure:
- visual comfort, where the workers have a feeling of well-being,
- visual performance, where the workers are able to perform their visual
tasks, speedily and accurately even under difficult circumstances and
during long periods,
- Visual safety, to see one’s way around and detects hazards.
-
To satisfy these, attention to all parameters contributing to the luminous
environment is required.
The main parameters are:
- luminance distribution,
- illuminance,
- glare,
- directionality of light,
- color aspect of the light and surfaces,
- flicker,
- daylight,
- Maintenance.
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a) The intrinsic task properties (size, shape, position, color and reflectance
of detail and background)
Attention to these factors can enhance visual performance without the need for
higher illuminance.
Diverse luminance distribution in the field of view also affects visual comfort and
should be avoided:
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4.3 Illuminance
The illuminance and its distribution on the task areas and the surrounding area
have a major impact on how quickly, safely and comfortably a person perceives
and carries out the visual task. For spaces where the specific area is unknown
the area where the task may occur is taken as the task area.
The values given in clause 5 are the maintained illuminances over the task area
on the reference surface which may be horizontal, vertical or inclined. The
average illuminance for each task shall not fall below the values given in clause 5
regardless of the age and condition of the installation. The values are valid for
normal visual conditions and take into account the following factors:
In areas where continuous work is carried out the maintained illuminance shall
not be less than 200 lux.
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In addition to the task illuminance the lighting shall provide adequate adaptation
Luminance in accordance with clause 4.2.
4.3.4 Uniformity
The uniformity of the illuminance is the ratio of the minimum to average value.
The illuminance shall change gradually. The task area shall be illuminated as
uniformly as possible. The uniformity of the task illuminance shall not be less
than 0,7. The uniformity of the illuminance of the immediate surrounding areas
shall be not less than 0,5 , The uniformity of the illuminance of background also
shall be not less than 0,5 (see the figure below).
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4.4 Glare
Glare is the visual sensation produced by bright areas within the field of view and
may be experienced either as discomfort glare or disability glare. Glare may also
be caused by reflections in specular surfaces usually known as veiling reflections
or reflected glare.
Glare is caused by excessive luminances or contrasts in the field of view and can
impair the vision of objects. It should be avoided for example by suitable
shielding of lamps or shading of windows by blinds.
For electric lamps the minimum shielding angle for lamp luminances shall
be not less than the values given in the table below:
Lamp luminance
Shielding angle
Kcd/m2
1 to 20 10°
20 to 50 15°
50 to 500 20°
≥ 500 30°
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The above mentioned shielding angle should not be applied to luminaires which
do not appear in the field of view of a worker during usual work and/or do not
give the worker any noticeable disability glare.
The discomfort glare rating of the lighting installation shall be determined by the
CIE Unified Glare Rating (UGR) tabular method, based on formula (1).
⎛ 0.25 L2 ⋅ ω ⎞
UGR = 0.8. log⋅ ⎜⎜ ⋅ ∑ 2 ⎟⎟
⎝ Lb ρ ⎠
where
- ω is the solid angle of the luminous parts of each luminaire at the observer’s
eye (steradian),
- ρ is the Guth position index for each individual luminaire which relates to its
displacement from the line of sight.
In this standard all UGR values in clause 5 are based on the standard observer’s
position which have been validated by the UGR tabular method at a 1:1 spacing
to height ratio. The UGR data shall be corrected for the initial luminous flux of the
lamps used. If the lighting installation is composed of different types of luminaires
with different photometry and/or lamps, the determination of the UGR value shall
be applied to every lamp/luminaire combination in the installation. The highest
UGR value thus obtained shall be taken as typical value of the entire installation
and shall conform to the UGR limit. All assumptions made in the determination of
UGR shall be stated in the scheme documentation.
The UGR value of the lighting installation shall not exceed the value given
in clause 5.
Note: The variations of UGR within the room may be determined using the
tabular method or the formula for different observer positions.
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The values of UGR limits in clause 5 were taken from the UGR scale -
where each step in the scale represents one significant change in glare effect
and 13 represents the least perceptible discomfort glare.
Specular reflections in the visual task, often called veiling reflection or reflected
glare, may alter task visibility, usually detrimentally. Veiling reflections and
reflected glare may be prevented or reduced by the following measures:
4.5 Directionality
Directional lighting may be used to highlight objects, to reveal texture and
improve appearance of people within the space. This is described by the term
“modeling”. Directional lighting of a visual task may also enhance its visibility.
4.5.1 Modeling
Modeling refers to the balance between diffuse and directional light. It is a valid
criterion of lighting quality in virtually all types of interiors. The general
appearance of an interior is enhanced when its structural features, the people
and objects within it are lit so that form and texture are revealed clearly and
pleasingly. This occurs when the light comes noticeably from one direction; the
shadows formed are essential to good modeling and are formed without
confusion.
The lighting should not be too directional as it can produce harsh shadows,
neither should it be too diffuse or the modeling effect will be lost entirely, resulting
in a very dull luminous environment.
Lighting from a specific direction can reveal details within a visual task,
increasing their visibility and making the task easier to perform, particularly
important for fine textured tasks and scribes/grooves.
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The “color appearance” of a lamp refers to the apparent color (lamp chromaticity)
of the light it emits. It may be described by its correlated color temperature.
Lamps are usually divided into three groups according to their correlated color
temperature (Tcp).
It is important for both visual performance and the feeling of comfort and well
being that colors in the environment of objects and human skin are rendered
naturally, correctly and in a way that makes people look attractive and healthy.
Lamps with Ra less than 80 should not be used in interiors where people work or
stay for long periods. Exceptions can be high-bay lighting and outdoor lighting.
(Industrial downlights used at mounting height in excess of 6 m.) But even here
suitable measure must be taken to ensure that higher color rendering lamps are
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used in continually occupied work places and where safety colors have to be
recognized.
The recommended minimum value of the general color rendering index for
different types of interiors, tasks or activities are given in clause 5.
4.7 Daylight
Daylight may provide all or part of the lighting for visual tasks.
Daylight varies in level and spectral composition with time and therefore
provides variability within an interior. Daylight may create a specific modeling and
luminance distribution due to its nearly horizontal flow from side windows.
Daylight can also be provided by roof lights and other fenestration elements.
Windows can also provide a visual contact with the outside world, which is
preferred by most people. Avoid excessive contrast and thermal discomfort
caused by direct sunlight in work areas. Provide adequate sun control such as
blinds or shades, so that direct sunlight does not hit workers and/or surfaces
within their field of view.
In interiors with side windows the available daylight decreases rapidly with
distance from the window. In these interiors the daylight factor should not fall
below 1% on the working plane 3 m from window wall and 1 m from side walls.
Supplementary lighting should be provided to ensure the required illuminance at
the work place and to balance the luminance distribution within the room.
Automatic or manual switching and/or dimming can be used to ensure
appropriate integration between electric lighting and daylight.
The lighting for the VDT work stations shall be appropriate for all tasks performed
at the workstation, e.g. reading from screen, printed text, writing on paper,
keyboard work, etc.
For these areas therefore the lighting criteria and systems shall be chosen
in accordance with activity area, task type and type of interior from the schedule
in clause 5.
The VDT screens and in some circumstances the keyboard can suffer
from reflections causing disability and discomfort glare. It is therefore necessary
to select, locate and manage
the luminaires to avoid disturbing high brightness reflections.
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The designer shall determine the offending mounting zone and shall
choose suitable luminance controlled equipment and plan mounting positions
which will cause no disturbing reflections.
Screen classes
I II III
based on ISO 9241-7
Screen quality Good Medium poor
Limit of average luminance
≤ 1000 cd/m2 ≤ 200 cd/m2
of luminaires
Note: For certain special places using for example sensitive screens or variable
inclination the above luminance limits should be applied for lower
elevation angles (e.g. 55°) of the luminaire.
Emergency lighting shall be installed; the details are to be found in SASO 2012
“Emergency lighting in public buildings”.
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Column 5: Remarks
Advice and footnotes are given for exceptions and special
applications of the situations listed in column 1.
For VDT applications see 4.8.
1- General Area
Entrance halls 100 22 60
Lounges 200 22 80
Circulation area and 100 28 40 At exits and entrances
corridors provide a transition zone
and avoid sudden
changes
Stairs, escalators, 150 25 40
travelators
Loading ramps/bays 150 25 40
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Canteens 200 22 80
Rest rooms 100 22 80
Rooms for physical 300 22 80
exercise
Cloakrooms, washrooms, 200 25 80
bathrooms, toilets
Sick bay 500 19 80
Rooms for medical 500 16 90 TCP at least 4000 K
attention1
Plant rooms, switch gear 500 19 80
rooms
Post room, switchboard 500 19 80 200 lux if continuously
occupied
Dispatch packing handling 300 25 60
areas
Control station 150 22 60 200 lux if continuously
occupied
2. Agriculture building
Loading and operating of 200 25 80
goods handling equipment
and machinery
Building for livestock 50 28 40
Sick animal pens, calving 200 25 80
stalls
Feed preparation, dairy, 200 25 80
utensil washing
3.Bakeries
Preparation and baking 300 22 80
Finishing, glazing, 500 22 80
decorating
4.Cement, concrete, & bricks industry
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assembly halls
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Intensive care
- General lighting 100 19 90 At floor level
- Simple examinations 300 19 90 At bed level
- Examination and 1000 19 90 At bed level
treatment
- Night watch 20 19 90
Dentists
- General lighting 500 19 90 Lighting should be glare
free for the patient.
- At the patient 1000 90 Local examination
luminaire
- Operating cavity 5000 90 Values higher than 5000
lux may be required.
- White teeth matching 5000 90 TCP at least 6000 K
Color inspection 1000 19 90 TCP at least 5000 K
(laboratories)
Sterilization rooms 300 22 80
Disinfection rooms 300 22 80
Autopsy rooms and 500 19 90
mortuaries
Autopsy table and 5000 90 Values higher than 5000
dissecting table lux may be required.
30. Airports
Arrival and departure 200 22 80 For high-bay: see also
halls, baggage claim areas clause 4.6.2.
Connecting areas, 150 22 80
escalators,
travelators
Information desks, check- 500 19 80 For VDT work see clause
in desks 4.8.
Customs and passport 500 19 80 Vertical illuminance is
control desks important.
Waiting areas 200 22 80
Luggage store rooms 200 28 60
Security check areas 300 19 80 For VDT-work see clause
4.8.
Air traffic control tower 500 16 80 1. Lighting should be
dimmable.
2. For VDT work see
clause 4.8.
3. Glare from daylight
should be avoided.
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6.0 Lighting must provide a suitable visual environment within a particular space:
sufficient and suitable lighting for the performance of a range of tasks, provision
of a desired appearance etc. This objective should be achieved without waste of
energy. However, it is important not to compromise the visual aspects of a
lighting installation simply to reduce energy consumption. In most organizations
the cost of lighting energy, although substantial, is only a small fraction of the
total costs associated with the activity in the space. For example, the impact of
poor visual conditions on work quality and productivity costs is likely to be many
times greater than the lighting energy costs in an office, or in a factory (labor
costs may typically be around 100 times greater than lighting energy costs). It is
thus a false economy to save energy at the expense of human effectiveness.
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The energy (kWh) used by a lighting installation depends on both the power (kW)
and time (h). Energy efficiency can be achieved:
The lighting designer can limit the electrical power loading and the use of energy,
but it is the operator of the installation who will ultimately be responsible for
achieving high energy efficiency in practice.
• localized switching, using switches provided throughout the space and not
concentrated at the point of entry
• time switching, providing automatic switching of luminaires to a
predetermined schedule
• automatic switching or dimming of lighting in relation to occupancy and
daylight level measured by a photoelectric sensor.
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The ultimate aim must be to achieve the desired lighting solution at the lowest
practical energy use. It is possible that a higher installed load combined with a
suitable control system to give low hours of use will result in lower energy
consumption than an alternative installation with a lower power loading but
poorer control. It is thus important to consider both aspects.
The following table provides targets of average power density for a range of
applications with particular maintained task illuminances
and are based on current good practice. The values, have been achieved, using
efficient lamp circuits and luminaires in well designed installations. They are
based on the following criteria:
It should be noted that the values could be higher or lower where variations in
criteria are made
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500 10
750 14
1000 19
Metal halide 60 – 90 300 7
500 12
750 17
1000 23
High pressure sodium 40 – 80 300 6
500 11
750 16
1000 21
Choice of Controls
The cost of a control system installation should be compared with the cost
of a traditional hard-wire installation, and the difference related to the
projected energy savings. Especially with new buildings, the cost difference
may be very small. For existing installations there may be constraints on
selection of controls where the existing wiring gives little scope for
alteration or change. The use of mains-borne signaling may reduce these
constraints and allow a central system to be installed without disturbing
existing wiring but it is essential to ensure compatibility with other electrical
and signaling circuits. Simple reset switches may also be installed without
significantly affecting existing wiring.
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Daylight Linking
One or more of the lighting rows adjacent to the windows may be linked to
either external or internal photocells to monitor daylight and adjust the
electric lighting accordingly, either by switching or dimming.
Constant Illuminance
Designing for maintained illuminance means that initially, when lamps are new and
luminaires and room surfaces are clean, the illuminance will be substantially higher
than the design level. How much higher will depend on the characteristics of the
installation and the maintenance program which the user intends to follow.
High frequency fluorescent lamp systems, which can be regulated, can be linked to
photocells which will hold the lighting at the design maintained illuminance value.
As the system ages, the controls will automatically increase the power to the lamp.
Eventually, the system will operate at full load in order to produce the maintained
illuminance. This is the time at which maintenance should be carried out.
The same control system can also cover change of use. If the function of an area
changes, requiring a lower task illuminance, the system can be adjusted to control
the lighting to the revised level.
Occupancy
This form of control can be applied to a wider range of lamp types as long as the
run-up and re-strike characteristics are taken into account.
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Automatic Control
A timer control system may switch the whole lighting installation on and off at
predetermined times, or it may be programmed to send signals at certain times
during the day (e.g. lunch time) which switch off selected luminaires. If daylight is
sufficient, or lights go out over unoccupied areas, it is unlikely that these will be
switched on again until needed. This type of system can be used for providing
reduced lighting levels early in the morning and before the majority of staff arrive,
or in the evening to cover cleaning or security operations. Local manual override
switching is essential with this, and all other automatic controls. Security
requirements may also demand a general override control to cover emergency
conditions at night.
Occupancy detectors are used to detect the presence of people and to control the
lighting accordingly. These can rely upon acoustic, infrared, microwave, or other
methods of detection. A time lag must normally be built into the system to prevent
premature switch-offs or excessive switching.
Management control systems can address every luminaire in order to program the
appropriate lighting in individual areas. The main advantage to this system is that
office alterations can be made and the lighting simply adjusted via the computer to
suit the new layout. Combined with local override control, changes can be made
without the need for expensive relocation of luminaires and alteration to switching
arrangements.
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Maintenance Control
Through the LEMS it is possible to check the status of the primary and emergency
lighting. The system may be programmed to automatically provide the check at
prescribed times, the status of each luminaire being checked and recorded.
Human Factors
Control systems which are obtrusive are counter-productive and may even be
sabotaged by the staff. For this reason, dimmer systems are often preferred.
Photocells and other sensing circuitry must incorporate a delay to prevent sporadic
and disruptive switch-offs, while responding immediately when a switch is turned
on.
Any control system must ensure that acceptable lighting conditions are always
provided for the occupants. Safety and visual effectiveness and comfort must take
priority over energy saving.
Costs and Energy Use The most powerful constraints on any design are
financial: namely, how much will the scheme cost to install and operate.
Financial Evaluation
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charges can be reduced if it is possible to shed lighting load at such times (see
below). Conversely, it is often possible to add all-night security lighting without
increasing the daytime maximum demand, incurring only the appropriate unit cost.
Energy Use
Designers should ensure that their designs do not waste energy. However,
the most important consideration about energy consumption is usually
financial. Few users are willing to invest extra money to achieve energy
savings unless the savings offer a reasonable rate of return on that
investment.
If the design objectives call for particular conditions to be created then they should
be provided. If they are not provided, then although the design may use less energy
it will not be effective and cannot, therefore, be regarded as satisfactory.
The load factor for a lighting installation, during a specified period of time, is the
ratio of the energy actually consumed to the energy that would have been
consumed had the full connected load been operated throughout the specified
period. Thus if 25% of the lights in an installation are switched off on average
throughout the working day, the load factor will be 0.75. For many installations the
load factor will be determined by the ability of the lighting control system to switch
the lighting in response to daylight availability. To compare the effectiveness of
alternative control systems, the designer will need to estimate the probable annual
use of electric lighting under each system.
Switching
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Dimming / Regulation
Switching
In principle, all light sources can be switched but the light output that is immediately
available on switch-on and the interval necessary between switch-off and switch-on
varies with lamp type. Switching can be achieved by a number of different
methods. The simplest is the manual switch. Remote switches which use an infra-
red transmitter and a receiver in the luminaire are also available. Both forms of
switching directly involve the user. Alternatively, lamps can be controlled by time
switches or in response to the availability of daylight or the occupation of the
interior. Photocells are used to sense the level of daylight available in an interior,
whilst sensors of noise level, movement or body heat have all been used to detect
the presence of people in an interior.
One particular aspect of manual switching which has limited its flexibility in the past
has been the difficulty of switching individual or small groups of luminaires without
excessive wiring costs. It is possible to send switching signals by low voltage wiring
or by introducing high frequency pulses onto the mains supply wiring. However,
luminaires that switch on and off for no obvious reason are distracting and can be
counter-productive in terms of staff satisfaction. High frequency electronic ballasts
for fluorescent lamps allow individual luminaires to respond in several different
ways, e.g. dimming or switching in response to available daylight and occupancy.
Such systems provide greater flexibility in the way the lighting installation can be
unobtrusively controlled either centrally or by individuals at their workstations.
Dimming / Regulation
Not all discharge lamps can be dimmed and those that can, such as tubular
fluorescent lamps, need special control gear. Dimming reduces the energy
consumed by the lamp, not necessarily in proportion to the light output, and can
cause changes in color. Dimmers can be controlled manually or automatically, for
example, in response to daylight availability. The electronic ballast developments,
mentioned in relation to switching, can also provide dimming or regulation.
Current lighting practice favors the use of high frequency systems where individual
ballasts are capable of controlling or regulating lamps' output up or down to suit
changing work patterns and visual needs. This obviates the need for centralized
control systems. The choice and design of energy management lighting control is
covered in more detail in Energy Management.
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There are many areas within both commercial and non-commercial buildings, such
as entrance foyers, board or meeting rooms, auditoria, restaurants, museums and
display areas, where accent or display lighting is used to make a statement, convey
an image, command attention or emphasize the architectural form rather than
simply provide task lighting. The introduction of a dimming system provides two
major advantages for this type of lighting scheme. Firstly, the ability to control the
intensity of individual circuits. This makes it possible to change the atmosphere or
mood of the space, adding interest with dramatic or subtle variation. These
balanced lighting scenes or 'presets' may be memorized by the control systems so
that they can be recalled from simple push-button controls positioned within the
area.
The second advantage is being able to make maximum use of the space. If the
lighting of a room is designed to serve a single activity, then it may be unsuitable
for other purposes. The introduction of a dimming system will enable the user to
modify the lighting to match varying demands such as audio-visual presentations,
banquets and conferences.
Dimmer control systems should be 'user friendly'. These can range from simple
manual control for a simple circuit, push-button control of several circuits recalling
pre-programmed lighting scenes to sophisticated multi-circuit, programmed
systems with timed automatic lighting changes and cross-fades.
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7. Verification procedures
7.1 Illuminance
The illuminance shall be measured at specified points on the relevant areas. The
readings shall not be less than that calculated for the point.
Authenticated UGR data produced by the tabular method at 1:1 spacing to height
ratio in accordance with Publication CIE 117 - 1995 shall be provided for the
luminaire/scheme by the manufacturer of the luminaire. The installation layout
and the surface finishes shall be checked against the design assumptions.
Authenticated Ra data shall be provided for the lamps used in the scheme by the
manufacturer of the lamps. The lamps shall be checked against the design
specifications and shall have an Ra not less than the value specified in the
design.
Authenticated Tcp value shall be provided for the lamps in the scheme by
manufacturer of the lamps. The Tcp value of the lamps shall be not less than the
value specified in the design.
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LSF is the lamp survival factor (used only if spot-replacement of lamps is not
carried out);
Each of these terms is dealt with more fully in the following sections:
The lumen output from all lamp types reduces with time of operation. The rate of
fall-off varies for different lamp types and it is essential to consult manufacturers'
data. From such data it is possible to obtain the lamp lumen maintenance factor
for a specific number of hours of operation. The lamp lumen maintenance factor
is therefore the proportion of the initial light output that is produced after a
specified time and, where the rate of fall-off is regular, may be quoted as a
percentage reduction per thousand hours of operation.
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manufacturer should be made aware of the conditions and will advise if they
affect the life and/or light output of the lamp.
Mercury LLMF 1 0.99 0.97 0.95 0.93 0.87 0.8 0.76 0.72 0.68 0.64
LSF 1 1 1 1 0.99 0.98 0.97 0.95 0.92 0.88 0.84
High pressure LLMF 1 1 0.98 0.97 0.96 0.93 0.91 0.89 0.88 0.87 0.86
sodium
LSF 1 1 1 1 0.99 0.98 0.96 0.94 0.92 0.89 0.85
High pressure LLMF 1 0.99 0.97 0.95 0.94 0.89 0.84 0.81 0.79 0.78 -
sodium,
improved
color LSF 1 1 1 0.99 0.98 0.96 0.9 0.79 0.65 0.5 -
Dirt deposited on or in the luminaire will cause a reduction in light output from the
luminaire. The rate at which dirt is deposited depends on the construction of the
luminaire and on the extent to which dirt is present in the atmosphere, which in
turn is related to the nature of the dirt generated in the specific environment. The
following table gives a list of the luminaire classes and a list of typical locations
where the various environmental conditions may be found
Class Description
A Bare lamp batten
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SASO……/2009 SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARDS
The table below shows typical changes in light output from a luminaire caused by dirt
deposition, for a number of luminaire and environment classes.
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SASO……/2009 SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARDS
The table below shows the typical changes in the illuminance from an installation
that occur with time due to dirt deposition on the room surfaces for clean, normal
and dirty conditions in small, medium or large rooms lit by direct, semi-direct and
indirect luminaires. From the table it is possible to select a room surface
maintenance factor appropriate to the circumstances. The areas in which Clean,
Normal and Dirty environments are found are given in the above Environment
Table in the Luminaire Maintenance Factor (LMF) section
Time Between
Cleaning
(Years) 0.5 1 1.5
Room Size (K) Luminaire C N D C N D C N D
Distribution
Small K=0.7 Direct 0.97 0.96 0.95 0.97 0.94 0.93 0.96 0.94 0.92
Direct / 0.94 0.88 0.84 0.9 0.86 0.82 0.89 0.83 0.8
Indirect
Indirect 0.9 0.84 0.8 0.85 0.78 0.73 0.83 0.75 0.69
Medium - Direct 0.98 0.97 0.96 0.98 0.96 0.95 0.97 0.96 0.95
Large K=2.5 -
5.0
Direct / 0.95 0.9 0.86 0.92 0.88 0.85 0.9 0.86 0.83
Indirect
Indirect 0.92 0.87 0.83 0.88 0.82 0.77 0.86 0.79 0.74
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Time Between
Cleaning
(Years) 2 2.5 3
Room Size (K) Luminaire C N D C N D C N D
Distribution
Small K=0.7 Direct 0.95 0.93 0.9 0.94 0.92 0.89 0.94 0.92 0.88
Direct / 0.87 0.82 0.78 0.85 0.8 0.75 0.84 0.79 0.74
Indirect
Indirect 0.81 0.73 0.66 0.77 0.7 0.62 0.75 0.68 0.59
Medium - Direct 0.96 0.95 0.94 0.96 0.95 0.94 0.96 0.95 0.94
Large K=2.5 -
5.0
Direct / 0.89 0.85 0.81 0.87 0.84 0.79 0.86 0.82 0.78
Indirect
Indirect 0.84 0.77 0.7 0.81 0.74 0.67 0.78 0.72 0.64
The average luminance of the luminous part of the luminaire shall be measured
and/or calculated radially in the C-plane at intervals of 15° starting at 0° and the
elevation in γ - angles of 65°, 75° and 85°. Normally the manufacturer of the
luminaire shall provide these data based on maximum (lamp/luminaire) output.
The values shall not exceed the limits specified in clause 4.8.
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It is essential that the lighting design intent is realized in the final installation. The
luminaires should be of the specified type, with the correct lamps, in their
intended positions and should all work correctly. The control system should work
and be programmed correctly. The commissioning should be documented (by the
designated person) to allow others to maintain the lighting installation
documentation that are necessary to achieve this.
Once an installation has been installed, it should be checked to ensure that the
illuminances meet the required levels.
Safety method statements must allow those aiming and focusing the luminaires
to use appropriate access gear belonging to, or hired by, the installer.
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The preliminary draft of this standard has been developed by the work composed of
Name Agency
1.Eng. Mohammed J. Yousef, MSLL, AMILE Saudi Lighting Company Ltd.
The draft standard was studied and the comments received thereon from concerned
bodies discussed. It has adopted in its present form, by the following members of
Technical Committee No. (4).
Name Agency
1. Dr. Mohammed Salah Simaie King Abdul Aziz City for Sciences &
Technology
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