Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Nursing
Cheat Sheets
76 Cheat Sheets for
Nursing Students
NRSNG
Jon Haws RN
Sandra Haws RD
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Table of contents
Introduction
Cardiac
Blood Pressure Values
R v L Heart Failure
Types of Cardiomyopathy
12 Lead MI Locations
Angina
Heart Blocks
Cardiac Auscultation
Chest Pain Identification
H’s and T’s of ACLS
Coronary Circulation
Types of Aneurysms
Fundamentals
Patient Mobility
Chest Tube Care
Pathophysiology Concept Map
Head to Toe Assessment
Pressure Ulcers
Types of Lines
Medical Spanish
Therapeutic Diets
IV Sites and Considerations
Patient Safety
Colostomy Care
Abdominal Pain
Ulcerative Colitis Vs. Crohn’s Disease
Chronic Kidney Disease Symptoms
Types of Viral Hepatitis
Hematologic/Oncology/Immunology
Types of Anemia
Integumentary
Burn Staging
Skin Cancer
Skin Lesions
Labs
Lab Value Skeletons
Lab Value for Clinical
Blood Compatibility Chart
ABG Rome Flowchart
Cardiac Biomarkers
IV Colors and Gauges
ABG Analysis
Fluids and Electrolytes
Endocrine/Metabolic
Endocrine Study Guide Chart
Addison’s Vs. Cushing’s
Hyper Vs. Hypothyroidism
Musculoskeletal
Fracture Management
Mental Health
Stroke Symptoms by Location
Neuro Dysfunction by Pupil Assessment
Routine Neuro Assessments
Ob
Newborn Assessment
Labor
Clinical Assistant – Brain Sheet
Pediatric Burn Chart
Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development
Congenital Heart Defects
Pharmacology
Crystalloid IV Solutions
Drug Card
Nervous System Pharmacology
Dopamine Vs Dobutamine
Beta Blockers
Common ICU Drips
Medication Antidotes
Insulin Cheat Sheet
Common Antihypertensive Drugs
Antidepressant Cheat Sheet
Immunization Schedule
Antibiotic Cheat Sheet
Answering Pharmacology Questions
Therapeutic Drug Levels
Antidysrrhythmic Meds and Action Potential Chart
Respiratory
Hierarchy of O2 Delivery Systems
Lung Sounds
Gas Exchange
Asthma Medications
Artificial Airways Decision Tree
Ventilator Alarms
Chest Tube Management
Introduction
My journey into nursing was a long one, but I have found it to be a truly rewarding career
that allows me to make a difference and have ample family time. I am confident that you
will achieve your goals. The fact that you are seeing additional resources to improve your
understanding speaks volumes to your dedication.
This book is intended to provide you with a quick reference to some of the most needed
and most used information for nursing students.
This is not a complete guide to nursing but a simple, compact, and quick reference to
some of the most important information.
Happy Nursing!
Jon Haws RN
Sinus Bradycardia
Sinus Tachycardia
Atrial Fibrillation
Atrial Flutter
Supraventricular
Tachycardia
Premature Atrial
Contraction
Premature Ventricular
Contraction
Ventricular Tachycardia
Ventricular Fibrillation
Hemodynamic Values
Methods To Elevate Parameter Methods To Decrease Parameter
Preload Afterload
Contractility
PAOP, CVP SVR
Venous vasodilators,
Beta blockers, Ca Arterial vasodilators,
diuretics ace inhibitors,
channel blockers ACE inhibitors ARBs,
ARBs
IABP
Hypertensive
>180 >120
Crisis
http://www.acc.org/latest-in-cardiology/articles/2017/11/08/11/47/mon-5pm-bp-guideline-aha-2017
cade
[NRSNG Academy Lesson: Hypertension]
R v L Heart Failure
Types of Cardiomyopathy
12 Lead MI Locations
Angina
Chest pain resulting from inadequate blood flow to heart muscle. Most common cause is
coronary artery disease (CAD). Other causes include anemia, heart failure, abnormal rhythms.
RESOLUTION Rest or Nitro May Resolve with Nitro May Resolve with Nitro
Syncope
HTN
Heart Blocks
1° 2° Type I 2° Type II 3°
Benign but Block at AV node, Block at Bundle of Ventricular
can progress usually transient, His, occurs with asystole in absence
Significance does not usually anterior MI, often of escape beat
progress progresses to
complete block
Cardiac Auscultation
- Bleb - Tracheal
devia
- Hyperresonance
- Dyspnea
A mnemonic used to aid in remembering the possible causes of cardiac arrest. A variety of disease
processes can lead to a cardiac arrest; however, they usually boil down to one or more of the "Hs and Ts".
H’s
Hypovolemia: A lack of circulating body fluids, principally blood volume. This is usually (though not exclusively) caused
by some form of bleeding, anaphylaxis, or pregnancy with gravid uterus.
Hypoxia: A lack of oxygen delivery to the heart, brain and other vital organs. Rapid assessment of airway patency and
respiratory effort must be performed.
Hydrogen Ion: An abnormal pH in the body as a result of lactic acidosis which occurs in prolonged hypoxia and in
severe infection, diabetic ketoacidosis, renal failure causing uremia, or ingestion of toxic agents or overdose of
pharmacological agents.
Hyper/Hypokalemia: Both excess and inadequate potassium can be life-threatening.
Hypothermia: A low core body temperature, defined clinically as a temperature of less than 35 degrees Celsius
(95 degrees Fahrenheit).
T’s
Toxins: Toxin ingestion is one of the most common causes of cardiac arrest. Prolonged QT is a common sign.
Tamponade: Blood or other fluids building up in the pericardium can put pressure on the heart so that it is not able to
beat
Tension Pneumothorax: The build-up of air into one of the pleural cavities, which causes a mediastinal shift. When this
happens, the great vessels (particularly the superior vena cava) become kinked, which limits blood return to the heart
Thrombosis: Hemodynamically significant pulmonary emboli are generally massive and typically fatal.
Coronary Circulation
Types of Aneurysms
Patient Mobility
CRUTCHES
Standing up: scoot to front of chair, hold both crutches in hand of injured side, push
up on good foot.
Stairs:
Up Down
• Unaffected/strong leg first • Affected/weak leg and
• Affected/weak leg and crutches first
crutches second • Unaffected/strong leg second
WALKERS
ng
CANES
• Use on STRONG SIDE
• Elbow should be flexed slightly
• Tip of nearest point of the cane should be about 6” in front of and 6” to the side
of that strong leg
How to ambulate Types
• • Straight or regular
• Advance the cane about 1 foot forward (or • Tripod
• Quad
• Move the WEAK SIDE while the cane and
DISEASE PROCESS
Pathophysiology (Definition / etiology chronicity and prognosis)
Medical intervention, Labs and diagnostic studies Nursing Diagnosis Nursing Interventions
Pressure Ulcers
Types of Lines
Medical spanish
Date Fecha
What is the d ate? ¿A qué fecha e stamos?
Sign ature Firma
Where are you? ¿Dónde e stá usted?
Good- bye Adiós
How old are you? ¿Cuá ntos añ os tiene?
Where Donde
Where do you live? ¿Dónde vive usted?
Lunch Almuer zo
Sores Llagas
Dinner Cena
Edema/swelling Edema/hinchazón
Pain Dolor
Nausea Náuseas
Blank et Manta
Vomiting Vómitos
Brush Cepillo
Gown Bata
Lotion Loción
POSITIONING
Pillow Almohada
Lean backward Recuéstese
Shampoo Champú
Lean forward Inclínese hacia adelante
Shaving cream Crema de afeitar
Lie down Acuéstese
Sheet Sábana
Sit down Siéntese
Soap Jabón
Stand up Póngase de pie
Towel Toalla
ANATOMY
Skin Piel
Chest Pecho
Lungs Pulmones
Eyes Ojos
Heart Corazón
Kidneys Riñones
Pulse Pulso
Arm Brazo
Leg Pierna
Pulse El pulso
Temperature La temperatura
I'm going to take a blood sample. Voy a tomarle una muestra de sangre.
DIAGNOSTIC TESTS
Biopsy Biopsia
Ultrasound Ultrasonido
X-ray Radiografía
Therapeutic Diets
NAME CONSIDERATIONS
CLEAR transparent to light and liquid at body temperature water fruit juice
clear and opaque liquid foods at body temperature all clear liquid items
FULL ice cream sherbet breakfast drinks fat free & 1% milk pudding
LIQUID thin hot cereals (cream of wheat)
PUREED foods that require no chewing all full liquid items mashed potatoes
DIET
MECHANICAL foods that require less chewing chopped, ground, & pureed foods
DIET tender fruits and vegetables tender meats
CONSISTENT
CARB limited starches, juice, fruit, milk, and sugars control carbohydrate intake
(diabetic diet)
Patient Safety
A: Activate the fire alarm A: Aim at the base of the fire Order for restraints needs to be renewed within set time frame
E: Extinguish the fire S: Sweep extinguisher from side Assess skin integrity, neurovascular, and circulatory status every 30m
to side
Remove restraint every 2 hours to check pressure areas
Use and dispose of sharps safely Rotavirus Gown and gloves when
Bed alarm as needed
in patient room
Clean all shared patient equipment Clostridium difficile
1:1 monitoring
Hand hygiene on exit,
Draining wounds Soap and water for C. Diff
Use of aseptic technique
MDROs
Dispose of all waste and linen safely
Chickenpox 6-12 air exchanges per hour Meningitis Sepsis Surgical mask within 3 feet of
patient
TB Wear respirator or mask Mumps Pertussis Patient must wear a mask when
leaving room
Mask must be worn by client when Rubella
leaving room
Colostomy Care
Abdominal Pain
CRITICAL POINT:
When assessing the abdomen the correct assessment order is:
Chronic Kidney Disease involves symptoms associated with LOSS of normal kidney functions such as:
Production of urine
Electrolyte balance
Acid-base balance
Hand Hygiene
Hepatitis A Virus
Fecal - Oral Safe Food Handling
(HAV)**
Vaccine
Handwashing
Hepatitis C Virus Needle Safety
Blood
(HCV)** Blood Screening
Hepatitis D Virus
Blood - Body Fluids Same as HBV
(HDV)
Types of Anemia
Aplastic Anemia
Leukemia Normochromic Normocytic Normal
Medications
Iron-Deficiency Anemia
Poor iron intake Hypochromic Normocytic Normal
Chronic blood loss
Pernicious Anemia
Normochromic Macrocytic Enlarged
Poor Vitamin B12 intake
Burn staging
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dex.php?curid=3358773 dex.php?curid=68491398 dex.php?curid=7771672
skin Cancer
skin Lesions
Nodules
A nodule is similar to a papule - raised area with no fluid - but
is much deeper in the dermis than a papule.
T. Bili
Hgb D. Bili
WBC PLT AST ALT
Hct
ALK Phos
Ca
Na Cl BUN
Glu
Mg Phos
K HCO3 Cr
Bleeding
Times
Liver Profile
O- O+ B- B+ A- A+ AB- AB+
AB+
PATIENT BLOOD TYPE
AB-
A+
A-
B+
B-
O+
O-
pH
LOW HIGH
Acidosis Alkalosis
Cardiac Biomarkers
MYOGLOBIN
5-70 ng/mL
<2.40 ng/mL
CK-MB
<0.035 ng/mL
Peak 18 hours
88-230 U/L
LDH1
Peak 72 hours
45 45 32 32 25 19
(ml/min)
240 180 90 60 36 20
USES
Important Points: Check facility protocols. In general blood should not be given in a
catheter <20G. Keep in mind the a smaller gauge # means a larger
IV catheter. Most adult patients will need an 18G or 20G. Always
consider what fluids the patient will be receiving before determining
size.
ABg Analysis
pH 7.35-7.45
fid
tio tio
Bradycardia Tachycardia
Cardiovascular Hypotension Hypertension
Anemia Palpitations
Dry skin
Integumentary Fine, thin hair
Loss of body hair
Constipation Exophthalmos
Other
Goiter Goiter
T3, T4 T3, T4
Hormone Levels Free T4 Free T4
TSH TSH
Fracture Management
TREATMENT
RICE - Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation
TYPES OF FRACTURES
TRACTION
Buck’s Traction - force applied to splint
Skeletal Traction pin through bone to hold weight
Force in opposite direction Traction weights:
Realign & immobilize fracture Hang freely
Do not remove without order
Support weight when moving patient
Neuro Dysfunction by
Pupil Assessment
LEVELS OF CONSCIOUSNESS
Normal A&O x 4, Alert
Incomprehensible Inappropriate
Verbal No response
sounds words
Disoriented Oriented -
MUSCLE STRENGTH
SCORE ABILITY
0 No muscle contraction
1 Muscle twitch
5 Full Strength
outine Neu
Newborn Assessment
Labor
STAGES OF LABOR
FETAL POSITIONS
Vertex Positions Face Positions Breech Positions Other
ROA (right occipitoanterior) RMA (right mentoanterior) LSA (left sacroanterior) Brow
LOA (left occipitoanterior) LMA (left mentoanterior) LSP (left sacroposterior) Shoulder
FETAL MONITORING
VEAL – CHOP
A ACCELERATION O OKAY!
Assess me nt Notes:
Consultations/ Tests:
tion]
[NRSNG Academy Lesson: Documentation]
Normal L ab Values
Na 135-148 WBC 3.6-9.2 Platelet 140-400 “Nurses Dispense
K 3.5-5.3 RBC male 4.39-5.58 Albumin 3.5-5.0
Cl 100-112 RBC female 3.70-5.14 Ca 8.3-10.3 Comfort, Compassion,
CO2 23-29 Hgb male 13.7-17.3 PT 10.4-12.2 and Caring Without
BUN 5.0 - 25.0 Hgb female 12-15.5 aPTT 24-33
Creat 0.5 - 1.7 Hct male 39-49 INR 2.0-3.0 Even a Prescription.”
pH 7.35-7.45 Hct female 35-46 Billirubin 0.0-1.0 Val Saintsbury
tion]
A A
1 1
2 2 2
13 13
2
1 1 1
1 1 1/4 1 1/4
1 1/4
1 1/4
1 2 2
B B B B
AREA BIRTH AGE 1 YR AGE 5 YR
A: 1/2 of Head 9 1/2 8 1/2 6 1/2
C C B: 1/2 of Thigh 2 3/4 C C 3 1/4 4
C: 1/2 of Leg 2 1/2 2 1/2 2 3/4
1 1
1 3/4 1 3/4
A A
1 1
2 13 2 2 13
2
1 1/4
AREA AGE 10 YR AGE 15 YR ADULT
C C A: 1/2 of Head 5 1/2 C C 4 1/2 3 1/2
B: 1/2 of Thigh 4 1/2 4 1/2 4 3/4
1 3/4 1 3/4 C: 1/2 of Leg 1 3/4 1 3/4
3 3 1/4 3 1/2
fid
tio tio
Development of sense of
Early childhood (18 mo - 3yr) Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt personal control
Development of sense of
Preschool (3-5yr) Initiative vs Guilt purpose and directive
Development of personal
Early adulthood (18-40yr) Intimacy vs Isolation relationships and love
CYANOSIS
NO YES
YES NO
• Atrial Septal Defect
YES NO
YES NO
• Patent Ductus • Ventricular Septal Defect
Arteriosus (PDA)
fid
tio tio
Crystalloid IV Solutions
Osmolality
IVF Content Tonicity Uses
(mOsm/L)
- 50 g/L glucose - treat hypernatremia, replace water loss
D5W - 170 Kcals/L Isotonic 252 - free water (helps renal excretion of solutes)
- no electrolytes - used to administer medications
- 0.225% saline
- Provides NaCl and free water
- 50 g/L glucose
D5-¼NS Isotonic 330 - treatment of hypernatremia
- 170 kcals/L
- 38.5 mMol/L of Na+ and Cl - - replace hypotonic fluid loss
Drug Card
Action: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _
Nursing Process
Pre-Administration Assessment: Post Administration Evaluation: Nursing Considerations:
Other:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Nervous System
CNS PNS
Autonomic Somatic
Nervous System Nervous System
Sympathetic Parasympathetic
Nervous System Nervous System
(Adrenergic) (Cholinergic)
“Fight or Flight” “Rest and Digest”
Primarily Norepinephrine (Adrenaline) Primarily ACh
Alpha Receptors: vessels Muscarinic Receptors
Beta1-Receptors: heart Nicotinic Receptors
Beta2-Receptors: bronchial/vascular
smooth muscle
Dopaminergic: renal/mesenteric artery
Dopamine Vs Dobutamine
DOPAMINE DOBUTAMINE
Vasopressor Inotrope Only
Action
↑ SVR ↓ CO
Phenylephrine
Vasopressin
Norepinephrine
Epinephrine
Dopamine
Dobutamine
↓ SVR ↑ CO
Beta Blockers
Beta 1 Receptors
o When stim ulated by SNS they cause:
Increase Cardiac Output
Increase HR in SA node (Chronotropic effect)
Increase atrial contractility (Inotropic effect)
Increase conduction and autom aticity of AV node
Increase conduction and autom aticity of ventricles
Goal of Beta Blocker Therapy
Common B - Blockers
o Metoprolol
o Esm olol
o Propranolol
o Bradycardia
o Blood Pres sure
o Bronchoconstriction
o Blood sug ar abnorm alities
Medication Antidotes
tion tion]
MIXING INSULIN
REGULAR REGULAR
NPH
NPH
Immunization Schedule
RV RV RV
MMR MMR
Varicella Varicella
ANTIBIOTIC MOA
Inhibition of
Inhibition of Disruption of cell
cell wall synthesis
nucleic acid synthesis membrane function
Outer membrane
Lipoproteins
Peptidoglycan
Periplasmic
space
Cutoplasmic
membrane
Answering Pharmacology
Questions
12 Points to Answering Pharmacology Questions
1. Patient Safety
The NCLEX®is concerned about if you will be a SAFE nurse. Always think about what
option will lead to your patient being safe. You can automatically exclude options that
will put your patient in harm.
3. ABCs
Airway, Breathing, Circulation. The ABCswill never go away. Focus on the nursing
process and the ABCswith each and every question including side effects.
7. Generic
Only generic names will be used on the actual NCLEX®. Although these names can be a
bit harder to pronounce, they will provide clues (prefix/suffix) into the type of
medication it is which will guide you in choosing the correct answer.
uestions]
Answering Pharmacology
Questions
9. Medical Diagnosis
Does the question identify a medical diagnosis? If you have a working medical
diagnosis, use your knowledge to determine what signs and symptoms the
patient will have, what medications they will require to manage those symptoms,
and what are the main side effects of those medications.
10. Freebies
If you are already familiar with the medication . . . simply use your knowledge,
the nursing process, and critical thinking to answer the question.
uestions]
OTHERS
apeutic Drug
1 2
K+ OUT
Class III
Na+ IN 0 Class II
3
K Channel Blocker
Amiodarone
Sotalol
Class I Beta Blocker
Na Channel Blocker
Propranolol
1a: Procainamide Metoprolol
1b: Lidocaine
1c: Proprafenone
4 4
This chart represents the cardiac action potential (first image) with the electrical conduction of the heart EKG.
The EKG is representative of what is occuring during each phase of the cardiac action potential.
Along the cardiac action potential you will see what is occuring with the ions.
Below the ion activity you will note what antiarrhythmic medications will have an effect during that phase of
the action potential.
METHOD
Nasal Cannula
1 lpm = 24% 4 lpm = 36% Terms to Know:
2 lpm = 28% 5 lpm = 40%
3 lpm = 32% 6 lpm = 44%
Pressure support:
Preset inspiratory support level. When the pt initiates
Simple Face Mask
a breath, this positive pressure flows to assist the pts
5 lpm = 40% 7 lpm = 50-55% spontaneous breaths. 2
6 lpm = 45-50% 8 lpm = 55-60%
PEEP (positive end-expiatory pressure):
Non-rebreather Mask Maintenance of pressure above atmospheric at end
6 lpm = 60% 9 lpm = 90% expiration.
7 lpm = 70% 10 lpm = close to 100%
8 lpm = 80% Auto-PEEP:
Trapping of gas in the lung caused by insufficient
Venturi Mask expiatory time (breath stacking). Increases risk of
4 lpm = 24-28% barotrauma.
8 lpm = 35-40%
12 lpm = 50% PIP (peak inspiratory pressure):
Airway pressure at the peak of inspiration.
Trach Collar
21-70% at 10L Tidal Volume (Vt):
The volume of air expired with each breath
T-Piece
21-100% with flow rate at 2.5 times minute ventilation Respiratory Rate (f):
The number of breaths per minute, may be greater
CPAP than preset frequency, but not less.
Positive airway pressure during spontaneous breaths
Minute ventilation (Ve):
Vt X f; volume of air expired per minute.
Bi-PAP
Positive pressure during spontaneous breaths and
PaCO2 (35-45 mm Hg):
preset pressure to be maintained during expiration
Amount of CO2 dissolved in arterial blood. Partial
pressure of arterial CO2.
SIMV
Preset Vt and f. Circuit remains open between SaO2 (95-100%):
mandatory breaths so pt can take additional breaths. Percentage of oxygenated hemoglobin in arterial
Ventilator doesn’t cycle during spontaneous breaths blood. Indirectly measured via SpO2 (pulse ox).
so Vt varies. Mandatory breaths synchronized so they
do not occur during spontaneous breaths.
PaO2 (80-100 mm Hg):
Amount of oxygen dissolved in blood plasma.
Bi-PAP
Preset Vt and f and inspiratory effort required to assist
spontaneous breaths. Delivers control breaths. Cycles
additionally if pt inspiratory effort is adequate.
Same Vt delivered for spontaneous breaths.
Lung sounds
gas Exchange
Gas exchange occurs in the alveoli - the functional unit of the lungs.
Deoxygenated blood enters the capillaries surrounding the alveoli, O2 enters the
bloodstream and CO2 exits into the alveoli to be exhaled.
Asthma Medications
Use this decision tree to determine which of the four artificial airways
is most appropriate for your patient’s situation.
Conscious
Unconscious
Respiratory effort,
No respiratory effort
unprotected airway
Oropharyngeal Airway
Endotracheal Tube Tracheotomy
+ Bag/Valve/Mask
Ventilator Alarms
Ability to breathe - always assess the patient’s lung sounds and respiratory effort
SpO2 - is the patient oxygenating?
SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
Avoid dependent loops
Never strip or clamp tubing
Ensure collection chamber stays upright
Assess insertion site & dressing for bleeding or drainage
Accidental removal - cover with 3-sided occlusive dressing
Notes
82
Notes
83
Notes
84
Notes
85
Notes
86
Notes
87
Notes
88
Notes
89
Notes
90