Exercises

Chapter 1: Structure of the matter

1. What is an atom? What is an element?

2. Give the name of the notions that are called A and Z and give their definitions.
3. What is the lowest level of energy the most stable? This level corresponds the level of which
atom?
4. Definition and values of the quantum numbers n, l, ml and ms.
5. Illustrate on a scheme the shell and the subshells of the lithium and the boron after having
given the electronical configuration.
6. For the cobalt and bromine, give:
a. The group of elements to which they belong
b. The atomic mass and the atomic number
c. The number of protons, neutrons and electrons
d. The value of the principal quantum number and the number of shells
e. The number of subshells and their values
f. Their electronic configuration

Chapter 2: Chemical bonds

1. Give de definition of the following terms
a. The valence shell
b. The valence electron
c. The electronegativiy

2. Sodium hypochlorite is a chemical compound with the molecular formula NaClO. It is a very
unstable white solid commonly used in aqueous solution as a disinfectant and bleaching
agent, especially in the form of bleach for household use. In anhydrous solid form, it tends to
disproportionate into oxygen O2, sodium chloride NaCl and sodium chlorate NaClO3:

NaClO → NaCl + O2 (1)

NaClO → NaCl + NaClO3 (2)

a. Give the electronic configuation of Na, Cl and O and their valence

b. Give the electronegativity of Na, Cl and O
c. Give the octet rule
d. Which type of bond is involved in the molecules NaCl and O2? Why?
e. Are the reactions (1) and (2) balanced? If no, write the balanced equations
f. Which amount of NaClO is required to get 50g of NaCl in each reaction?

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 3. Christallography of the NaCl

The unit cell of NaCl consists of Na+ ions and Cl− ions. There are four types of site: unique central
position, face site, edge sites and corner site, which are used to determine the number of Na+ ions and
Cl- ions in the unit cell of NaCl.

a. Which type of lattice it is?

b. According to the the schema, on which site are located the ions of sodium and chloride?
c. Calculate the number of ions of sodium and chloride found in a lattice of NaCl