Biomolecules: Carbohydrates and Lipids

Biomolecules: Carbohydrates and Lipids

The learners are expected to:

1. describe structures and functions of biomolecules;
2. compare and contrast the different types of biomolecules and;
3. appreciate the importance of the biomolecules to human and
environment..
Biomolecules
Øany of numerous substances that
are produced by cells and living
organisms
Øact as information storage, energy
source, support, cellular metabolism
etc
Large molecules formed by
linking together many small
units called MONOMERS
Carbohydrates
Øthe most abundant biomolecules
on earth, are widely used by
organisms for structural and
energy-storage purposes
Carbohydrates
Monosaccharides
Øsimple sugars that are the
smallest unit that can be
bonded to make larger
complex carbohydrates.
ØGlucose, fructose, galactose
Disaccharides
ØFormed when two
monosaccharide units joined
together.
ØSucrose, lactose and maltose
Polysaccharides
ØPolymers that are made up of
several monosaccharide units
joined together by covalent
bonds
ØStarch, glycogen, cellulose
Polysaccharides
Cellulose:
Provides structural support in
plants (found in the cell wall)

Chitin:
Found in exoskeletens of
arthropods (insects, spiders)
Found in cell wall of some
fungi
Lipids
Øis a large, nonpolar, biological molecule.
ØNonpolar and insoluble in water.
Øhave 2 major functions in living organisms,
they (1)store energy efficiently and they
(2)make up most of the structure of cell
membranes
Lipids
Function:Store energy, Insulates your body,
and make up the cell membrane!
Elements: C-H-O

Monomer: glycerol & 3 fatty acids

Polymer: Phospholipids, triglycerides

Example: Steroids, cholesterol, fats, Oils, Nuts,

Waxes, and make up part of the cell membrane!
Lipid
Structure
Ø Remember:
Elements present
are C, H, O
Ø Longstrands of
Carbon and
Hydrogen
Activity 1: Right Food
Food: Good vs Bad
 Procedure
1. Read the Lesson Overview and the
article about “Food: Good vs Bad”.
Materials: 2. Suppose you own a restaurant. You
Brochure Template want to promote and implement
Pen healthy diet by serving them nutritious
Coloring food.
3. Using the provided template, make
materials(optional)
a trifold brochure to convince
the people to have a healthy diet and
include you menu with
nutritional information.
TEST YOURSELF

Direction: Identify the type of biomolecules if

it is CARBOHYDRATES or LIPIDS on the
given example of food
TEST YOURSELF

carbohydrates carbohydrates
TEST YOURSELF

lipids Lipids & Carbs

TEST YOURSELF

lipids Lipids & Carbs

Biomolecules: Proteins and Nucleic Acid
Biomolecules: Proteins and Nucleic Acids

The learners are expected to:

1. describe structures and functions of proteins and Nucleic Acid;
2. identify the similarities and differences between proteins and nucleic
Acid; and
3. appreciate the importance of protein and nucleic acid in our daily
diet.
Proteins
Øalso known as Polypeptides are made
up of elements Carbon, Hydrogen,
Oxygen, and Nitrogen.
Øfound in all living cells and are known
as the second most common molecules
found in the human body next to water.
Proteins
Elements: C-H-O-N
Monomer (Building Block): amino acids
(20 different ones!)
Polymer: proteins (tons)
Examples of proteins: hemoglobin in red
blood cells, albumin in eggs, enzymes that
control reactions in the body, and antibodies
Found in: fish, eggs, meat
Proteins
Protein Structure
Ø Remember: Elements are C, H, O, and N
Ø “R” groups represent one of the 20 Amino Acids! (so, each amino
acid has something different in that spot)
Nucleic Acids
Øare molecules that code for hereditary traits, that
is the reason why family members resembles
each other or how a mother and daughter look
alike.
Ø2 kinds of Nucleic Acid; DNA, or
Deoxyribonucleic Acid and RNA, or Ribonucleic
Acid
Nucleic Acids
ØDNA ensures the encoding and transmission of
genetic information for all living things while RNA
converts this genetic information into amino acid
sequences and eventually directs protein
synthesis needed by the body.
Nucleic Acids
 Function:

 Provide our genetic information

 Holds the instructions to make proteins.

 Elements: C-H-O-N-P

 Monomer : nucleotides

 A nucleotide is made up of:

Sugar

Phosphate

Nitrogen Base: A, T, G, C, or U

 Polymer: DNA, RNA and ATP

Genetic code! Recipe for proteins Energy carrier
Nucleic Acids
Structure of Nucleic Acids
Food Shopee